Atlas of Material Damage, Third Edition provides a systematic analysis of modes of damage and morphology of damaged material and compares the experiences of different industries to provide insights into the most frequently encountered failures, reasons for these failures, and potential improvements to prevent future failure. The book covers defect formation, material damage, and how structure of materials impacts designed function. The effects of composition, processing conditions, and singular and combined actions of different degradants on industrial products are discussed at length.
Technological steps required to obtain specifically designed morphology for specific performance are outlined, and numerous examples of how this special morphology can be achieved and deployed in electronics, plastics, pharmaceuticals, aerospace, automotive, medical, dental and a range of other fields and applications is also covered.
1. 1. INTRODUCTION - p. iii 2. 2. MATERIAL COMPOSITION, STRUCTURE, AND MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES - p. 5 3. 3. EFFECT OF PROCESSING PARAMETERS ON MATERIAL STRUCTURE - p. 72 4. THE SCALE OF DAMAGE. BASIC CONCEPT - p. 119 5. 5. MICROSCOPIC MECHANISMS OF DAMAGE CAUSED BY DEGRADANTS - p. 139 6. 5.1. BULK (MECHANICAL FORCES) - p. 141 7. 5.1.1. ELASTIC-BRITTLE FRACTURE - p. 141 8. 5.1.2. ELASTIC-PLASTIC DEFORMATION - p. 147 9. 5.1.3. TIME-RELATED DAMAGE - p. 153 10. 5.1.3.1. Fatigue - p. 153 11. 5.1.3.2. Creep - p. 163 12. 5.1.4. IMPACT DAMAGE - p. 170 13. 5.1.5. SHEAR FRACTURE - p. 178 14. 5.1.6. COMPRESSION SET - p. 183 15. 5.1.7. BENDING FORCES - p. 187 16. 5.1.8. ANISOTROPIC DAMAGE - p. 191 17. 5.2. ELECTRIC FORCES - p. 194 18. 5.2.1. TRACKING - p. 195 19. 5.2.2. ARCING - p. 198 20. 5.2.3. DRYING OUT IN BATTERIES - p. 201 21. 5.2.4. PINHOLES - p. 203 22. 5.2.5. CRACKS - p. 208 23. 5.2.6. DELAMINATION - p. 215 24. 5.3. SURFACE-INITIATED DAMAGE - p. 219 25. 5.3.1. PHYSICAL FORCES - p. 219 26. 5.3.1.1. Thermal treatment - p. 219 27. 5.3.1.1.1. Process heat - p. 219 28. 5.3.1.1.2. Conditions of performance - p. 223 29. 5.3.1.1.3. Infrared - p. 226 30. 5.3.1.1.4. Frictional heat - p. 229 31. 5.3.1.1.5. Low-temperature effects - p. 231 32. 5.3.1.1.6. Thermal stresses - p. 234 33. 5.3.1.2. Radiation - p. 236 34. 5.3.1.2.1. Alpha and beta rays - p. 236 35. 5.3.1.2.2. Gamma rays - p. 239 36. 5.3.1.2.3. Laser beam - p. 246 37. 5.3.1.2.4. Cosmic rays - p. 258 38. 5.3.1.2.5. Plasma - p. 260 39. 5.3.1.3. Weathering - p. 275 40. 5.3.2. MECHANICAL ACTION - p. 282 41. 5.3.2.1. Scratching - p. 282 42. 5.3.2.2. Impact - p. 298 43. 5.3.2.3. Adhesive failure, sliding and rolling - p. 309 44. 5.3.3. CHEMICAL REACTIONS - p. 317 45. 5.3.3.1. Molecular oxygen - p. 317 46. 5.3.3.2. Ozone - p. 323 47. 5.3.3.3. Atomic oxygen - p. 332 48. 5.3.3.4. Sulfur dioxide - p. 340 49. 5.3.3.5. Particulate matter - p. 343 50. 5.3.3.6. Other gaseous pollutants - p. 344 51. 5.4. COMBINATION OF DEGRADING ELEMENTS - p. 345 52. 5.4.1. ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS CRACKING - p. 345 53. 5.4.2. BIODEGRADATION AND BIODETERIORATION - p. 351 54. 5.4.3. EFFECT OF BODY FLUIDS - p. 360 55. 5.4.4. CONTROLLED-RELEASE SUBSTANCES IN PHARMACEUTICAL APPLICATIONS - p. 365 56. 5.4.5. CORROSION - p. 374 57. Index - p. 386
Atlas of Material Damage, Third Edition provides a systematic analysis of modes of damage and morphology of damaged material and compares the experiences of different industries to provide insights into the most frequently encountered failures, reasons for these failures, and potential improvements to prevent future failure. The book covers defect formation, material damage, and how structure of materials impacts designed function. The effects of composition, processing conditions, and singular and combined actions of different degradants on industrial products are discussed at length.
Technological steps required to obtain specifically designed morphology for specific performance are outlined, and numerous examples of how this special morphology can be achieved and deployed in electronics, plastics, pharmaceuticals, aerospace, automotive, medical, dental and a range of other fields and applications is also covered.
1. 1. INTRODUCTION - p. iii 2. 2. MATERIAL COMPOSITION, STRUCTURE, AND MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES - p. 5 3. 3. EFFECT OF PROCESSING PARAMETERS ON MATERIAL STRUCTURE - p. 72 4. THE SCALE OF DAMAGE. BASIC CONCEPT - p. 119 5. 5. MICROSCOPIC MECHANISMS OF DAMAGE CAUSED BY DEGRADANTS - p. 139 6. 5.1. BULK (MECHANICAL FORCES) - p. 141 7. 5.1.1. ELASTIC-BRITTLE FRACTURE - p. 141 8. 5.1.2. ELASTIC-PLASTIC DEFORMATION - p. 147 9. 5.1.3. TIME-RELATED DAMAGE - p. 153 10. 5.1.3.1. Fatigue - p. 153 11. 5.1.3.2. Creep - p. 163 12. 5.1.4. IMPACT DAMAGE - p. 170 13. 5.1.5. SHEAR FRACTURE - p. 178 14. 5.1.6. COMPRESSION SET - p. 183 15. 5.1.7. BENDING FORCES - p. 187 16. 5.1.8. ANISOTROPIC DAMAGE - p. 191 17. 5.2. ELECTRIC FORCES - p. 194 18. 5.2.1. TRACKING - p. 195 19. 5.2.2. ARCING - p. 198 20. 5.2.3. DRYING OUT IN BATTERIES - p. 201 21. 5.2.4. PINHOLES - p. 203 22. 5.2.5. CRACKS - p. 208 23. 5.2.6. DELAMINATION - p. 215 24. 5.3. SURFACE-INITIATED DAMAGE - p. 219 25. 5.3.1. PHYSICAL FORCES - p. 219 26. 5.3.1.1. Thermal treatment - p. 219 27. 5.3.1.1.1. Process heat - p. 219 28. 5.3.1.1.2. Conditions of performance - p. 223 29. 5.3.1.1.3. Infrared - p. 226 30. 5.3.1.1.4. Frictional heat - p. 229 31. 5.3.1.1.5. Low-temperature effects - p. 231 32. 5.3.1.1.6. Thermal stresses - p. 234 33. 5.3.1.2. Radiation - p. 236 34. 5.3.1.2.1. Alpha and beta rays - p. 236 35. 5.3.1.2.2. Gamma rays - p. 239 36. 5.3.1.2.3. Laser beam - p. 246 37. 5.3.1.2.4. Cosmic rays - p. 258 38. 5.3.1.2.5. Plasma - p. 260 39. 5.3.1.3. Weathering - p. 275 40. 5.3.2. MECHANICAL ACTION - p. 282 41. 5.3.2.1. Scratching - p. 282 42. 5.3.2.2. Impact - p. 298 43. 5.3.2.3. Adhesive failure, sliding and rolling - p. 309 44. 5.3.3. CHEMICAL REACTIONS - p. 317 45. 5.3.3.1. Molecular oxygen - p. 317 46. 5.3.3.2. Ozone - p. 323 47. 5.3.3.3. Atomic oxygen - p. 332 48. 5.3.3.4. Sulfur dioxide - p. 340 49. 5.3.3.5. Particulate matter - p. 343 50. 5.3.3.6. Other gaseous pollutants - p. 344 51. 5.4. COMBINATION OF DEGRADING ELEMENTS - p. 345 52. 5.4.1. ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS CRACKING - p. 345 53. 5.4.2. BIODEGRADATION AND BIODETERIORATION - p. 351 54. 5.4.3. EFFECT OF BODY FLUIDS - p. 360 55. 5.4.4. CONTROLLED-RELEASE SUBSTANCES IN PHARMACEUTICAL APPLICATIONS - p. 365 56. 5.4.5. CORROSION - p. 374 57. Index - p. 386
