A practical, dynamic resource for practicing neurologists, clinicians and trainees, Bradley and Daroff's Neurology in Clinical Practice, Eighth Edition, offers a straightforward style, evidence-based information, and robust interactive content supplemented by treatment algorithms and images to keep you up to date with all that’s current in this fast-changing field. This two-volume set is ideal for daily reference, featuring a unique organization by presenting symptom/sign and by specific disease entities—allowing you to access content in ways that mirror how you practice. More than 150 expert contributors, led by Drs. Joseph Jankovic, John C. Mazziotta, Scott L. Pomeroy, and Nancy J. Newman, provide up-to-date guidance that equips you to effectively diagnose and manage the full range of neurological disorders.
1. Cover image - p. i 2. Title page - p. i 3. Table of Contents - p. iii 4. Dedication - p. iv 5. Copyright - p. v 6. Preface - p. vi 7. List of Contributors - p. x 8. Video Table of Contents - p. xx 9. VOLUME 1. PRINCIPLES OF DIAGNOSIS - p. xxiv 10. PART I. Common Neurological Problems - p. xxiv 11. 1. Diagnosis of Neurological Disease - p. xxiv 12. 2. Episodic Impairment of Consciousness - p. xxiv 13. 3. Falls and Drop Attacks - p. 16.e1 14. 4. Delirium - p. 22.e3 15. 5. Stupor and Coma - p. 33.e2 16. 6. Prolonged Comatose States and Brain Death - p. 51.e1 17. 7. Intellectual and Memory Impairments - p. 57.e1 18. 8. Global Developmental Delay and Regression - p. 66.e2 19. 9. Behavior and Personality Disturbances - p. 74.e2 20. 10. Depression and Psychosis in Neurological Practice - p. 96.e5 21. Principles of Differential Diagnosis - p. 96.e5 22. Principles of Neuropsychiatric Evaluation - p. 96.e5 23. Cognitive-Affective-Behavioral Brain–Behavior Relationships - p. 96.e5 24. Biology of Psychosis - p. 96.e5 25. Biology of Depression - p. 96.e5 26. Clinical Symptoms and Signs Suggesting Neurological Disease - p. 96.e5 27. Psychiatric Manifestations of Neurological Disease - p. 96.e5 28. Treatment Modalities - p. 96.e5 29. Treatment Principles - p. 96.e5 30. 11. Limb Apraxias and Related Disorders - p. 119.e4 31. 12. Agnosias - p. 126.e2 32. 13. Aphasia and Aphasic Syndromes - p. 132.e1 33. 14. Dysarthria and Apraxia of Speech - p. 148.e2 34. 15. Neurogenic Dysphagia - p. 151.e1 35. 16. Neuro-Ophthalmology: Afferent Visual System - p. 163.e3 36. 17. Pupillary and Eyelid Abnormalities - p. 190.e2 37. 18. Neuro-ophthalmology: Ocular Motor System - p. 200.e1 38. General Principles of Ocular Motor Control - p. 200.e1 39. Eye Movement Anatomy - p. 200.e1 40. Disorders of Eye Movements—Ophthalmoplegia and Ocular Misalignment - p. 206 41. Disorders of Eye Movements—Abnormal Spontaneous Movements and Oscillations - p. 227 42. Development of the Ocular Motor System - p. 239 43. Recording of Eye Movements - p. 240 44. 19. Disturbances of Smell and Taste - p. 240.e4 45. 20. Cranial and Facial Pain - p. 247.e2 46. 21. Brainstem Syndromes - p. 254.e1 47. 22. Neuro-Otology: Diagnosis and Management of Neuro-Otological Disorders - p. 266.e2 48. 23. Cerebellar Ataxia - p. 287.e3 49. Function of the Cerebellum - p. 287.e3 50. Signs and Symptoms for Cerebellar Ataxia - p. 289 51. Neurological Examination of Cerebellar Ataxia - p. 289 52. Laboratory Tests for Cerebellar Ataxia - p. 290 53. Neuroimaging for Cerebellar Ataxia - p. 291 54. Other Diagnostic Tests for Ataxia - p. 291 55. Acquired Causes for Ataxia - p. 291 56. Genetic Causes for Ataxia - p. 296 57. Degenerative Cause - p. 307 58. Functional (Psychogenic) Ataxia - p. 308 59. Management - p. 308 60. 24. Diagnosis and Assessment of Parkinson Disease and Other Movement Disorders - p. 309.e9 61. 25. Gait Disorders - p. 333.e2 62. 26. Hemiplegia and Monoplegia - p. 344.e1 63. 27. Paraplegia and Spinal Cord Syndromes - p. 355.e3 64. 28. Proximal, Distal, and Generalized Weakness - p. 361.e1 65. 29. Muscle Pain and Cramps - p. 378.e1 66. 30. Hypotonic (Floppy) Infant - p. 387.e1 67. 31. Sensory Abnormalities of the Limbs, Trunk, and Face - p. 396.e2 68. 32. Arm and Neck Pain - p. 406.e2 69. 33. Lower Back and Lower Limb Pain - p. 416.e2 70. Neurological Investigations and Interventions - p. 426.e2 71. SECTION A. General Principles - p. 426.e2 72. 34. Investigations in the Diagnosis and Management of Neurological Disease - p. 426.e2 73. SECTION B. Clinical Neurophysiology - p. 429 74. 35. Electroencephalography and Evoked Potentials - p. 429 75. 36. Clinical Electromyography - p. 446.e10 76. 37. Extracranial Neuromodulation - p. 471.e1 77. 38. Intracranial Neuromodulation - p. 482.e5 78. 39. Intraoperative Monitoring - p. 491.e7 79. SECTION C. Neuroimaging - p. 495 80. 40. Structural Imaging Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed Tomography - p. 495 81. Computed Tomography - p. 495 82. Magnetic Resonance Imaging - p. 497 83. Structural Neuroimaging in the Clinical Practice of Neurology - p. 502 84. Indications for Computed Tomography or Magnetic Resonance Imaging - p. 544 85. 41. Vascular Imaging: Computed Tomographic Angiography, Magnetic Resonance Angiography, and Ultrasound - p. 546.e2 86. 42. Functional and Molecular Neuroimaging - p. 575.e5 87. Functional Neuroimaging Modalities - p. 575.e5 88. Clinical Applications - p. 579 89. 43. Ocular Functional and Structural Investigations - p. 600.e10 90. SECTION D. Clinical Neurosciences - p. 613.e2 91. 44. Neuropsychology - p. 613.e2 92. 45. Neurourology - p. 632.e5 93. 46. Sexual Dysfunction in Neurological Disorders - p. 651.e4 94. 47. Neuroepidemiology - p. 665.e6 95. 48. Clinical Neurogenetics - p. 680.e3 96. Genetics in Clinical Neurology - p. 680.e3 97. Gene Expression, Diversity, and Regulation - p. 682 98. Types of Genetic Variation and Mutations - p. 686 99. Chromosomal Analysis and Abnormalities - p. 688 100. Disorders of Mendelian Inheritance - p. 690 101. Mendelian Disease Gene Identification by Linkage Analysis and Chromosome Mapping - p. 693 102. Non-Mendelian Patterns of Inheritance - p. 694 103. Common Neurological Disorders and Complex Disease Genetics - p. 696 104. Genome/Exome Sequencing in Clinical Practice, Disease Gene Discovery, and Gene Therapy - p. 700 105. Future Role of Systems Biology in Neurogenetic Disease - p. 703 106. Environmental Contributions to Neurogenetic Disease - p. 703 107. Genetics and the Paradox of Disease Definition - p. 705 108. Clinical Approach to the Patient With Suspected Neurogenetic Disease - p. 705 109. 49. Neuroimmunology - p. 708.e6 110. 50. Neuroendocrinology - p. 729.e5 111. VOLUME 2. NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS AND THEIR MANAGEMENT - p. 747.e2 112. PART III. Neurological Diseases and Their Treatment - p. 747.e2 113. 51. Management of Neurological Disease - p. 747.e2 114. 52. Pain Management - p. 752.e1 115. 53. Neurointensive Care - p. 775.e2 116. 54. Principles of Neuroendovascular Therapy - p. 792.e4 117. SECTION B. Neurological Complications of Systemic Disease - p. 818.e7 118. 55. Neurological Rehabilitation - p. 818.e7 119. 56. Transition to Adult Care for Youth with Chronic Neurological Disorders - p. 849.e2 120. 57. Palliative and End-of-Life Care in Neurological Disease - p. 855 121. 58. Neurological Complications of Systemic Disease: Adults - p. 861.e2 122. 59. Neurological Complications of Systemic Disease: Children - p. 881.e1 123. SECTION C. Trauma of the Nervous System - p. 896.e4 124. 60. Basic Neuroscience of Neurotrauma - p. 896.e4 125. 61. Concussion in Sports and Performance - p. 906.e1 126. 62. Craniocerebral Trauma - p. 913.e2 127. 63. Spinal Cord Trauma - p. 928.e3 128. 64. Trauma of the Nervous System: Peripheral Nerve Trauma - p. 949.e4 129. SECTION D. Vascular Diseases of the Nervous System - p. 963.e2 130. 65. Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease - p. 963.e2 131. Epidemiology and Risk Factors - p. 963.e2 132. Pathophysiology of Cerebral Ischemia - p. 969 133. Pathology of Ischemic Stroke - p. 969 134. Clinical Syndromes of Cerebral Ischemia - p. 969 135. Diagnosis and Treatment of Threatened Ischemic Stroke - p. 975 136. Large-Artery Atherothrombotic Infarctions - p. 975 137. Small-Vessel or Penetrating Artery Disease - p. 976 138. Cardiogenic Embolism - p. 976 139. Nonatherosclerotic Vasculopathies - p. 979 140. Inherited and Miscellaneous Disorders - p. 986 141. Hypercoagulable Disorders - p. 988 142. Infarcts of Undetermined Cause - p. 991 143. Essential Investigations - p. 991 144. Preventing Stroke Recurrence: Medical Therapy - p. 996 145. Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke - p. 998 146. 66. Intracerebral Hemorrhage - p. 1013.e7 147. 67. Intracranial Aneurysms and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage - p. 1030.e2 148. 68. Stroke in Children - p. 1043.e3 149. 69. Spinal Cord Vascular Disease - p. 1057.e4 150. 70. Central Nervous System Vasculitis - p. 1065.e1 151. SECTION E. Cancer and the Nervous System - p. 1067.e1 152. 71. Epidemiology of Brain Tumors - p. 1067.e1 153. 72. Pathology and Molecular Genetics - p. 1075.e2 154. 73. Clinical Features of Brain Tumors and Complications of Their Treatment - p. 1098.e2 155. 74. Primary Nervous System Tumors in Adults - p. 1104.e1 156. 75. Primary Nervous System Tumors in Infants and Children - p. 1121.e5 157. 76. Nervous System Metastases - p. 1144.e6 158. SECTION F. Infections of the Nervous System - p. 1164.e6 159. 77. Neurological Manifestations of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Adults - p. 1164.e6 160. 78. Viral Encephalitis and Meningitis - p. 1183.e2 161. Deoxyribonucleic Acid Viruses - p. 1183.e2 162. Ribonucleic Acid Viruses - p. 1199 163. 79. Bacterial, Fungal, and Parasitic Diseases of the Nervous System - p. 1213.e7 164. SECTION G. Neurological Disorders - p. 1225.e2 165. 80. Multiple Sclerosis and Other Inflammatory Demyelinating Diseases of the Central Nervous System - p. 1225.e2 166. 81. Paraneoplastic Disorders of the Nervous System - p. 1254.e5 167. 82. Autoimmune Encephalitis with Antibodies to Cell Surface Antigens - p. 1262.e3 168. 83. Anoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy - p. 1268.e2 169. 84. Toxic and Metabolic Encephalopathies - p. 1275.e2 170. 85. Deficiency Diseases of the Nervous System - p. 1290.e2 171. 86. Effects of Toxins and Physical Agents on the Nervous System - p. 1301.e1 172. 87. Effects of Drug Abuse on the Nervous System - p. 1318.e2 173. 88. Brain Edema and Disorders of Cerebrospinal Fluid Circulation - p. 1326.e4 174. 89. Developmental Disorders of the Nervous System - p. 1344.e2 175. 90. Autism and Other Neurodevelopmental Disabilities - p. 1365.e6 176. 91. Inborn Errors of Metabolism and the Nervous System - p. 1385.e7 177. General Considerations - p. 1387 178. Disorders Involving Complex Molecules - p. 1396 179. Disorders Involving Small Molecules - p. 1398 180. Other Subclassifications of Inborn Errors of Metabolism - p. 1400 181. Conclusion - p. 1406 182. 92. Neurodegenerative Disease Processes - p. 1406.e7 183. 93. Mitochondrial Disorders - p. 1414.e2 184. 94. Prion Diseases - p. 1429.e2 185. Human Prion Diseases - p. 1429.e2 186. Clinical Aspects of Human Prion Diseases - p. 1434 187. Diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease - p. 1437 188. Treatment of Human Prion Diseases - p. 1450 189. Differential Diagnosis - p. 1451 190. 95. Alzheimer Disease and Other Dementias - p. 1451.e10 191. Normal Aging and Mild Cognitive Impairment - p. 1451.e10 192. Dementia - p. 1455 193. Alzheimer Disease - p. 1458 194. Neurodegenerative Dementias Associated With Parkinsonism - p. 1473 195. Frontotemporal Dementias - p. 1480 196. Hippocampal Sclerosis of Aging - p. 1481 197. Vascular Dementia (Vascular Cognitive Impairment) - p. 1488 198. Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus - p. 1492 199. Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy/Post-Traumatic Dementia - p. 1494 200. Other Causes - p. 1494 201. Young-Onset Dementia - p. 1495 202. 96. Parkinson Disease and Other Movement Disorders - p. 1497.e12 203. Movement Disorders and the Basal Ganglia - p. 1497.e12 204. Mechanisms of Neurodegeneration - p. 1502 205. Parkinsonian Disorders - p. 1504 206. Tremor - p. 1517 207. Chorea - p. 1520 208. Dystonia - p. 1525 209. Tics - p. 1529 210. Myoclonus - p. 1531 211. Tardive Dyskinesia - p. 1532 212. Stereotypies - p. 1533 213. Miscellaneous Movement Disorders - p. 1533 214. 97. Disorders of Upper and Lower Motor Neurons - p. 1534.e5 215. Disorders of Upper Motor Neurons - p. 1534.e5 216. Disorders of Lower Motor Neurons - p. 1544 217. Disorders of Both Upper and Lower Motor Neurons - p. 1556 218. 98. Channelopathies: Episodic and Electrical Disorders of the Nervous System - p. 1567.e5 219. 99. Neurocutaneous Syndromes - p. 1588.e4 220. 100. Epilepsies - p. 1613.e2 221. Seizures and Epilepsy Definitions - p. 1613.e2 222. Ictal Phenomenology - p. 1613.e2 223. Classification of Seizures - p. 1615 224. Seizure Types - p. 1618 225. Classification of Epilepsies and Epileptic Syndromes - p. 1623 226. Seizure Precipitants - p. 1636 227. Epidemiology of Epilepsy and Seizures - p. 1636 228. Morbidity and Mortality - p. 1636 229. Pathophysiology and Mechanisms - p. 1638 230. Differential Diagnosis - p. 1640 231. Evaluation and Diagnosis - p. 1642 232. Medical Therapy - p. 1649 233. Surgical Therapy - p. 1656 234. Other Therapies - p. 1658 235. Quality-of-Care Standards in the Management of Epilepsy - p. 1661 236. Seizure Clusters and Status Epilepticus - p. 1661 237. 101. Sleep and Its Disorders - p. 1663.e14 238. Definition of Sleep - p. 1665 239. Mechanism of Muscle Antonia During Rapid Eye Movement Sleep - p. 1670 240. Physiological Changes In Sleep - p. 1676 241. Sleep Deprivation and Sleepiness - p. 1676 242. Classification of Sleep Disorders - p. 1679 243. Clinical Phenomenology - p. 1685 244. Laboratory Assessment of Sleep Disorders - p. 1729 245. Principles of Management of Sleep Disorders - p. 1734 246. Conclusion - p. 1744 247. 102. Headache and Other Craniofacial Pain - p. 1744.e9 248. Pain Transmission and Modulation as Related to Headache - p. 1744.e9 249. Classification - p. 1744.e9 250. Secondary Headaches - p. 1746 251. Primary Headaches - p. 1757 252. Other Headaches and Facial Pains - p. 1777 253. Headache in Children and Adolescents - p. 1781 254. 103. Cranial Neuropathies - p. 1782.e7 255. 104. Disorders of Bones, Joints, Ligaments, and Meninges - p. 1797.e5 256. 105. Disorders of Nerve Roots and Plexuses - p. 1828.e3 257. 106. Disorders of Peripheral Nerves - p. 1852.e3 258. Clinical Approach to Disorders of Peripheral Nerves - p. 1854 259. Mononeuropathies - p. 1863 260. Hereditary Neuropathies - p. 1874 261. Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathies - p. 1.880000000001E12 262. Peripheral Neuropathies Associated with Monoclonal Proteins - p. 1896 263. Neuropathies Associated with Systemic Disorders - p. 1903 264. Toxic and Drug-Induced Neuropathies - p. 1921 265. Neuropathies Associated With Infections - p. 1927 266. Chronic Idiopathic Axonal Polyneuropathy - p. 1.92700001E8 267. Pain In Peripheral Neuropathy - p. 1.92700001E8 268. 107. Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System - p. 1929.e14 269. Classification of Autonomic Disorders - p. 1931 270. Clinical Features of Autonomic Impairment - p. 1931 271. Assessment of Autonomic Function - p. 1935 272. Functional Autonomic Disorders - p. 1938 273. Autonomic Disorders Characterized by Excessive Autonomic Outflow - p. 1943 274. Predominantly Peripheral Afferent Structural Autonomic Disorders Characterized by Impaired Autonomic Outflow - p. 1944 275. Predominantly Peripheral Efferent Structural Autonomic Disorders Characterized by Impaired Autonomic Outflow - p. 1947 276. Predominantly Central Structural Autonomic Disorders Characterized by Impaired Autonomic Outflow - p. 1950 277. Nonautonomic Disorders Causing Hypotension or Syncope to Consider in the Differential Diagnosis - p. 1952 278. Therapy of Dysautonomias - p. 1953 279. 108. Disorders of Neuromuscular Transmission - p. 1957.e4 280. 109. Disorders of Skeletal Muscle - p. 1977.e6 281. Muscle Histology - p. 1977.e6 282. Specific Disorders - p. 1982 283. 110. Neurological Problems in the Newborn - p. 2021.e7 284. 111. Cerebral Palsy - p. 2039.e5 285. 112. Neurological Problems of Pregnancy - p. 2048.e3 286. Neurological Complications of Contraception - p. 2048.e3 287. Ethical Considerations - p. 2053 288. Imaging - p. 2053 289. Headache - p. 2054 290. Leg Muscle Cramps - p. 2056 291. Myasthenia Gravis - p. 2056 292. Muscular and Neuromuscular Disorders - p. 2057 293. Neuropathy - p. 2058 294. Movement Disorders - p. 2059 295. Wernicke Encephalopathy and Hyperemesis Gravidarum - p. 2061 296. Multiple Sclerosis - p. 2062 297. Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder—Devic Syndrome - p. 2064 298. Tumors - p. 2064 299. Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (Pseudotumor Cerebri) - p. 2065 300. Epilepsy and its Treatments - p. 2065 301. Cerebrovascular Disease - p. 2069 302. Eclamptic Encephalopathy - p. 2073 303. 113. Functional and Dissociative Neurological Symptoms and Disorders - p. 2075.e7 304. Index - p. 2092.e3
A practical, dynamic resource for practicing neurologists, clinicians and trainees, Bradley and Daroff's Neurology in Clinical Practice, Eighth Edition, offers a straightforward style, evidence-based information, and robust interactive content supplemented by treatment algorithms and images to keep you up to date with all that’s current in this fast-changing field. This two-volume set is ideal for daily reference, featuring a unique organization by presenting symptom/sign and by specific disease entities—allowing you to access content in ways that mirror how you practice. More than 150 expert contributors, led by Drs. Joseph Jankovic, John C. Mazziotta, Scott L. Pomeroy, and Nancy J. Newman, provide up-to-date guidance that equips you to effectively diagnose and manage the full range of neurological disorders.
1. Cover image - p. i 2. Title page - p. i 3. Table of Contents - p. iii 4. Dedication - p. iv 5. Copyright - p. v 6. Preface - p. vi 7. List of Contributors - p. x 8. Video Table of Contents - p. xx 9. VOLUME 1. PRINCIPLES OF DIAGNOSIS - p. xxiv 10. PART I. Common Neurological Problems - p. xxiv 11. 1. Diagnosis of Neurological Disease - p. xxiv 12. 2. Episodic Impairment of Consciousness - p. xxiv 13. 3. Falls and Drop Attacks - p. 16.e1 14. 4. Delirium - p. 22.e3 15. 5. Stupor and Coma - p. 33.e2 16. 6. Prolonged Comatose States and Brain Death - p. 51.e1 17. 7. Intellectual and Memory Impairments - p. 57.e1 18. 8. Global Developmental Delay and Regression - p. 66.e2 19. 9. Behavior and Personality Disturbances - p. 74.e2 20. 10. Depression and Psychosis in Neurological Practice - p. 96.e5 21. Principles of Differential Diagnosis - p. 96.e5 22. Principles of Neuropsychiatric Evaluation - p. 96.e5 23. Cognitive-Affective-Behavioral Brain–Behavior Relationships - p. 96.e5 24. Biology of Psychosis - p. 96.e5 25. Biology of Depression - p. 96.e5 26. Clinical Symptoms and Signs Suggesting Neurological Disease - p. 96.e5 27. Psychiatric Manifestations of Neurological Disease - p. 96.e5 28. Treatment Modalities - p. 96.e5 29. Treatment Principles - p. 96.e5 30. 11. Limb Apraxias and Related Disorders - p. 119.e4 31. 12. Agnosias - p. 126.e2 32. 13. Aphasia and Aphasic Syndromes - p. 132.e1 33. 14. Dysarthria and Apraxia of Speech - p. 148.e2 34. 15. Neurogenic Dysphagia - p. 151.e1 35. 16. Neuro-Ophthalmology: Afferent Visual System - p. 163.e3 36. 17. Pupillary and Eyelid Abnormalities - p. 190.e2 37. 18. Neuro-ophthalmology: Ocular Motor System - p. 200.e1 38. General Principles of Ocular Motor Control - p. 200.e1 39. Eye Movement Anatomy - p. 200.e1 40. Disorders of Eye Movements—Ophthalmoplegia and Ocular Misalignment - p. 206 41. Disorders of Eye Movements—Abnormal Spontaneous Movements and Oscillations - p. 227 42. Development of the Ocular Motor System - p. 239 43. Recording of Eye Movements - p. 240 44. 19. Disturbances of Smell and Taste - p. 240.e4 45. 20. Cranial and Facial Pain - p. 247.e2 46. 21. Brainstem Syndromes - p. 254.e1 47. 22. Neuro-Otology: Diagnosis and Management of Neuro-Otological Disorders - p. 266.e2 48. 23. Cerebellar Ataxia - p. 287.e3 49. Function of the Cerebellum - p. 287.e3 50. Signs and Symptoms for Cerebellar Ataxia - p. 289 51. Neurological Examination of Cerebellar Ataxia - p. 289 52. Laboratory Tests for Cerebellar Ataxia - p. 290 53. Neuroimaging for Cerebellar Ataxia - p. 291 54. Other Diagnostic Tests for Ataxia - p. 291 55. Acquired Causes for Ataxia - p. 291 56. Genetic Causes for Ataxia - p. 296 57. Degenerative Cause - p. 307 58. Functional (Psychogenic) Ataxia - p. 308 59. Management - p. 308 60. 24. Diagnosis and Assessment of Parkinson Disease and Other Movement Disorders - p. 309.e9 61. 25. Gait Disorders - p. 333.e2 62. 26. Hemiplegia and Monoplegia - p. 344.e1 63. 27. Paraplegia and Spinal Cord Syndromes - p. 355.e3 64. 28. Proximal, Distal, and Generalized Weakness - p. 361.e1 65. 29. Muscle Pain and Cramps - p. 378.e1 66. 30. Hypotonic (Floppy) Infant - p. 387.e1 67. 31. Sensory Abnormalities of the Limbs, Trunk, and Face - p. 396.e2 68. 32. Arm and Neck Pain - p. 406.e2 69. 33. Lower Back and Lower Limb Pain - p. 416.e2 70. Neurological Investigations and Interventions - p. 426.e2 71. SECTION A. General Principles - p. 426.e2 72. 34. Investigations in the Diagnosis and Management of Neurological Disease - p. 426.e2 73. SECTION B. Clinical Neurophysiology - p. 429 74. 35. Electroencephalography and Evoked Potentials - p. 429 75. 36. Clinical Electromyography - p. 446.e10 76. 37. Extracranial Neuromodulation - p. 471.e1 77. 38. Intracranial Neuromodulation - p. 482.e5 78. 39. Intraoperative Monitoring - p. 491.e7 79. SECTION C. Neuroimaging - p. 495 80. 40. Structural Imaging Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed Tomography - p. 495 81. Computed Tomography - p. 495 82. Magnetic Resonance Imaging - p. 497 83. Structural Neuroimaging in the Clinical Practice of Neurology - p. 502 84. Indications for Computed Tomography or Magnetic Resonance Imaging - p. 544 85. 41. Vascular Imaging: Computed Tomographic Angiography, Magnetic Resonance Angiography, and Ultrasound - p. 546.e2 86. 42. Functional and Molecular Neuroimaging - p. 575.e5 87. Functional Neuroimaging Modalities - p. 575.e5 88. Clinical Applications - p. 579 89. 43. Ocular Functional and Structural Investigations - p. 600.e10 90. SECTION D. Clinical Neurosciences - p. 613.e2 91. 44. Neuropsychology - p. 613.e2 92. 45. Neurourology - p. 632.e5 93. 46. Sexual Dysfunction in Neurological Disorders - p. 651.e4 94. 47. Neuroepidemiology - p. 665.e6 95. 48. Clinical Neurogenetics - p. 680.e3 96. Genetics in Clinical Neurology - p. 680.e3 97. Gene Expression, Diversity, and Regulation - p. 682 98. Types of Genetic Variation and Mutations - p. 686 99. Chromosomal Analysis and Abnormalities - p. 688 100. Disorders of Mendelian Inheritance - p. 690 101. Mendelian Disease Gene Identification by Linkage Analysis and Chromosome Mapping - p. 693 102. Non-Mendelian Patterns of Inheritance - p. 694 103. Common Neurological Disorders and Complex Disease Genetics - p. 696 104. Genome/Exome Sequencing in Clinical Practice, Disease Gene Discovery, and Gene Therapy - p. 700 105. Future Role of Systems Biology in Neurogenetic Disease - p. 703 106. Environmental Contributions to Neurogenetic Disease - p. 703 107. Genetics and the Paradox of Disease Definition - p. 705 108. Clinical Approach to the Patient With Suspected Neurogenetic Disease - p. 705 109. 49. Neuroimmunology - p. 708.e6 110. 50. Neuroendocrinology - p. 729.e5 111. VOLUME 2. NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS AND THEIR MANAGEMENT - p. 747.e2 112. PART III. Neurological Diseases and Their Treatment - p. 747.e2 113. 51. Management of Neurological Disease - p. 747.e2 114. 52. Pain Management - p. 752.e1 115. 53. Neurointensive Care - p. 775.e2 116. 54. Principles of Neuroendovascular Therapy - p. 792.e4 117. SECTION B. Neurological Complications of Systemic Disease - p. 818.e7 118. 55. Neurological Rehabilitation - p. 818.e7 119. 56. Transition to Adult Care for Youth with Chronic Neurological Disorders - p. 849.e2 120. 57. Palliative and End-of-Life Care in Neurological Disease - p. 855 121. 58. Neurological Complications of Systemic Disease: Adults - p. 861.e2 122. 59. Neurological Complications of Systemic Disease: Children - p. 881.e1 123. SECTION C. Trauma of the Nervous System - p. 896.e4 124. 60. Basic Neuroscience of Neurotrauma - p. 896.e4 125. 61. Concussion in Sports and Performance - p. 906.e1 126. 62. Craniocerebral Trauma - p. 913.e2 127. 63. Spinal Cord Trauma - p. 928.e3 128. 64. Trauma of the Nervous System: Peripheral Nerve Trauma - p. 949.e4 129. SECTION D. Vascular Diseases of the Nervous System - p. 963.e2 130. 65. Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease - p. 963.e2 131. Epidemiology and Risk Factors - p. 963.e2 132. Pathophysiology of Cerebral Ischemia - p. 969 133. Pathology of Ischemic Stroke - p. 969 134. Clinical Syndromes of Cerebral Ischemia - p. 969 135. Diagnosis and Treatment of Threatened Ischemic Stroke - p. 975 136. Large-Artery Atherothrombotic Infarctions - p. 975 137. Small-Vessel or Penetrating Artery Disease - p. 976 138. Cardiogenic Embolism - p. 976 139. Nonatherosclerotic Vasculopathies - p. 979 140. Inherited and Miscellaneous Disorders - p. 986 141. Hypercoagulable Disorders - p. 988 142. Infarcts of Undetermined Cause - p. 991 143. Essential Investigations - p. 991 144. Preventing Stroke Recurrence: Medical Therapy - p. 996 145. Treatment of Acute Ischemic Stroke - p. 998 146. 66. Intracerebral Hemorrhage - p. 1013.e7 147. 67. Intracranial Aneurysms and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage - p. 1030.e2 148. 68. Stroke in Children - p. 1043.e3 149. 69. Spinal Cord Vascular Disease - p. 1057.e4 150. 70. Central Nervous System Vasculitis - p. 1065.e1 151. SECTION E. Cancer and the Nervous System - p. 1067.e1 152. 71. Epidemiology of Brain Tumors - p. 1067.e1 153. 72. Pathology and Molecular Genetics - p. 1075.e2 154. 73. Clinical Features of Brain Tumors and Complications of Their Treatment - p. 1098.e2 155. 74. Primary Nervous System Tumors in Adults - p. 1104.e1 156. 75. Primary Nervous System Tumors in Infants and Children - p. 1121.e5 157. 76. Nervous System Metastases - p. 1144.e6 158. SECTION F. Infections of the Nervous System - p. 1164.e6 159. 77. Neurological Manifestations of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in Adults - p. 1164.e6 160. 78. Viral Encephalitis and Meningitis - p. 1183.e2 161. Deoxyribonucleic Acid Viruses - p. 1183.e2 162. Ribonucleic Acid Viruses - p. 1199 163. 79. Bacterial, Fungal, and Parasitic Diseases of the Nervous System - p. 1213.e7 164. SECTION G. Neurological Disorders - p. 1225.e2 165. 80. Multiple Sclerosis and Other Inflammatory Demyelinating Diseases of the Central Nervous System - p. 1225.e2 166. 81. Paraneoplastic Disorders of the Nervous System - p. 1254.e5 167. 82. Autoimmune Encephalitis with Antibodies to Cell Surface Antigens - p. 1262.e3 168. 83. Anoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy - p. 1268.e2 169. 84. Toxic and Metabolic Encephalopathies - p. 1275.e2 170. 85. Deficiency Diseases of the Nervous System - p. 1290.e2 171. 86. Effects of Toxins and Physical Agents on the Nervous System - p. 1301.e1 172. 87. Effects of Drug Abuse on the Nervous System - p. 1318.e2 173. 88. Brain Edema and Disorders of Cerebrospinal Fluid Circulation - p. 1326.e4 174. 89. Developmental Disorders of the Nervous System - p. 1344.e2 175. 90. Autism and Other Neurodevelopmental Disabilities - p. 1365.e6 176. 91. Inborn Errors of Metabolism and the Nervous System - p. 1385.e7 177. General Considerations - p. 1387 178. Disorders Involving Complex Molecules - p. 1396 179. Disorders Involving Small Molecules - p. 1398 180. Other Subclassifications of Inborn Errors of Metabolism - p. 1400 181. Conclusion - p. 1406 182. 92. Neurodegenerative Disease Processes - p. 1406.e7 183. 93. Mitochondrial Disorders - p. 1414.e2 184. 94. Prion Diseases - p. 1429.e2 185. Human Prion Diseases - p. 1429.e2 186. Clinical Aspects of Human Prion Diseases - p. 1434 187. Diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease - p. 1437 188. Treatment of Human Prion Diseases - p. 1450 189. Differential Diagnosis - p. 1451 190. 95. Alzheimer Disease and Other Dementias - p. 1451.e10 191. Normal Aging and Mild Cognitive Impairment - p. 1451.e10 192. Dementia - p. 1455 193. Alzheimer Disease - p. 1458 194. Neurodegenerative Dementias Associated With Parkinsonism - p. 1473 195. Frontotemporal Dementias - p. 1480 196. Hippocampal Sclerosis of Aging - p. 1481 197. Vascular Dementia (Vascular Cognitive Impairment) - p. 1488 198. Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus - p. 1492 199. Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy/Post-Traumatic Dementia - p. 1494 200. Other Causes - p. 1494 201. Young-Onset Dementia - p. 1495 202. 96. Parkinson Disease and Other Movement Disorders - p. 1497.e12 203. Movement Disorders and the Basal Ganglia - p. 1497.e12 204. Mechanisms of Neurodegeneration - p. 1502 205. Parkinsonian Disorders - p. 1504 206. Tremor - p. 1517 207. Chorea - p. 1520 208. Dystonia - p. 1525 209. Tics - p. 1529 210. Myoclonus - p. 1531 211. Tardive Dyskinesia - p. 1532 212. Stereotypies - p. 1533 213. Miscellaneous Movement Disorders - p. 1533 214. 97. Disorders of Upper and Lower Motor Neurons - p. 1534.e5 215. Disorders of Upper Motor Neurons - p. 1534.e5 216. Disorders of Lower Motor Neurons - p. 1544 217. Disorders of Both Upper and Lower Motor Neurons - p. 1556 218. 98. Channelopathies: Episodic and Electrical Disorders of the Nervous System - p. 1567.e5 219. 99. Neurocutaneous Syndromes - p. 1588.e4 220. 100. Epilepsies - p. 1613.e2 221. Seizures and Epilepsy Definitions - p. 1613.e2 222. Ictal Phenomenology - p. 1613.e2 223. Classification of Seizures - p. 1615 224. Seizure Types - p. 1618 225. Classification of Epilepsies and Epileptic Syndromes - p. 1623 226. Seizure Precipitants - p. 1636 227. Epidemiology of Epilepsy and Seizures - p. 1636 228. Morbidity and Mortality - p. 1636 229. Pathophysiology and Mechanisms - p. 1638 230. Differential Diagnosis - p. 1640 231. Evaluation and Diagnosis - p. 1642 232. Medical Therapy - p. 1649 233. Surgical Therapy - p. 1656 234. Other Therapies - p. 1658 235. Quality-of-Care Standards in the Management of Epilepsy - p. 1661 236. Seizure Clusters and Status Epilepticus - p. 1661 237. 101. Sleep and Its Disorders - p. 1663.e14 238. Definition of Sleep - p. 1665 239. Mechanism of Muscle Antonia During Rapid Eye Movement Sleep - p. 1670 240. Physiological Changes In Sleep - p. 1676 241. Sleep Deprivation and Sleepiness - p. 1676 242. Classification of Sleep Disorders - p. 1679 243. Clinical Phenomenology - p. 1685 244. Laboratory Assessment of Sleep Disorders - p. 1729 245. Principles of Management of Sleep Disorders - p. 1734 246. Conclusion - p. 1744 247. 102. Headache and Other Craniofacial Pain - p. 1744.e9 248. Pain Transmission and Modulation as Related to Headache - p. 1744.e9 249. Classification - p. 1744.e9 250. Secondary Headaches - p. 1746 251. Primary Headaches - p. 1757 252. Other Headaches and Facial Pains - p. 1777 253. Headache in Children and Adolescents - p. 1781 254. 103. Cranial Neuropathies - p. 1782.e7 255. 104. Disorders of Bones, Joints, Ligaments, and Meninges - p. 1797.e5 256. 105. Disorders of Nerve Roots and Plexuses - p. 1828.e3 257. 106. Disorders of Peripheral Nerves - p. 1852.e3 258. Clinical Approach to Disorders of Peripheral Nerves - p. 1854 259. Mononeuropathies - p. 1863 260. Hereditary Neuropathies - p. 1874 261. Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathies - p. 1.880000000001E12 262. Peripheral Neuropathies Associated with Monoclonal Proteins - p. 1896 263. Neuropathies Associated with Systemic Disorders - p. 1903 264. Toxic and Drug-Induced Neuropathies - p. 1921 265. Neuropathies Associated With Infections - p. 1927 266. Chronic Idiopathic Axonal Polyneuropathy - p. 1.92700001E8 267. Pain In Peripheral Neuropathy - p. 1.92700001E8 268. 107. Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System - p. 1929.e14 269. Classification of Autonomic Disorders - p. 1931 270. Clinical Features of Autonomic Impairment - p. 1931 271. Assessment of Autonomic Function - p. 1935 272. Functional Autonomic Disorders - p. 1938 273. Autonomic Disorders Characterized by Excessive Autonomic Outflow - p. 1943 274. Predominantly Peripheral Afferent Structural Autonomic Disorders Characterized by Impaired Autonomic Outflow - p. 1944 275. Predominantly Peripheral Efferent Structural Autonomic Disorders Characterized by Impaired Autonomic Outflow - p. 1947 276. Predominantly Central Structural Autonomic Disorders Characterized by Impaired Autonomic Outflow - p. 1950 277. Nonautonomic Disorders Causing Hypotension or Syncope to Consider in the Differential Diagnosis - p. 1952 278. Therapy of Dysautonomias - p. 1953 279. 108. Disorders of Neuromuscular Transmission - p. 1957.e4 280. 109. Disorders of Skeletal Muscle - p. 1977.e6 281. Muscle Histology - p. 1977.e6 282. Specific Disorders - p. 1982 283. 110. Neurological Problems in the Newborn - p. 2021.e7 284. 111. Cerebral Palsy - p. 2039.e5 285. 112. Neurological Problems of Pregnancy - p. 2048.e3 286. Neurological Complications of Contraception - p. 2048.e3 287. Ethical Considerations - p. 2053 288. Imaging - p. 2053 289. Headache - p. 2054 290. Leg Muscle Cramps - p. 2056 291. Myasthenia Gravis - p. 2056 292. Muscular and Neuromuscular Disorders - p. 2057 293. Neuropathy - p. 2058 294. Movement Disorders - p. 2059 295. Wernicke Encephalopathy and Hyperemesis Gravidarum - p. 2061 296. Multiple Sclerosis - p. 2062 297. Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder—Devic Syndrome - p. 2064 298. Tumors - p. 2064 299. Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension (Pseudotumor Cerebri) - p. 2065 300. Epilepsy and its Treatments - p. 2065 301. Cerebrovascular Disease - p. 2069 302. Eclamptic Encephalopathy - p. 2073 303. 113. Functional and Dissociative Neurological Symptoms and Disorders - p. 2075.e7 304. Index - p. 2092.e3
