Providing accurate, at-a-glance information on managing the diseases of birds and exotic pets, Clinical Veterinary Advisor: Birds and Exotic Pets is the only comprehensive resource on the market covering birds, reptiles, small mammals, and other non-traditional pets. Concise summaries of hundreds of common medical problems help you consider differential diagnoses, recommend diagnostic tests, interpret results mindful of unique species differences, utilize important concepts of species-specific husbandry and nutrition, prescribe treatments, and provide follow-up care. With contributions from recognized avian and exotics experts and edited by Jörg Mayer and Thomas M. Donnelly, this clinical reference provides all the information you need in one book!
1. Cover image - p. i 2. Title Page - p. i 3. Table of Contents - p. i 4. Copyright - p. iv 5. Dedication - p. v 6. Editors-In-Chief - p. vii 7. Editors - p. viii 8. Contributors - p. ix 9. Preface - p. xiii 10. Acknowledgments - p. xv 11. Section I Diseases and Disorders - p. xv 12. Invertebrates - p. xv 13. Abscesses/Granulomas - p. 2 14. Alopecia - p. 3 15. Bacterial Diseases - p. 4 16. Dehydration - p. 5 17. Dysecdysis - p. 7 18. Fungal Infections, Superficial and Systemic - p. 8 19. Infectious Diseases of Acroporid Corals - p. 9 20. Intoxication - p. 11 21. Mites (Acarii) - p. 12 22. Oral Nematodes (Panagrolaimidae) - p. 13 23. Trauma - p. 15 24. Viral Diseases - p. 16 25. Fish - p. 16 26. Bacterial Diseases - p. 17 27. Dropsy - p. 20 28. Ectoparasites, Crustacean - p. 21 29. Flukes (Monogenean Parasites) - p. 22 30. Fungal Diseases - p. 24 31. Gastrointestinal Nematode and Cestode Parasites - p. 27 32. Gastrointestinal Protozoal Parasites - p. 28 33. Head and Lateral Line Erosion (HLLE) - p. 30 34. Koi Herpes Virus Infection (KHV) - p. 31 35. Lymphocystis - p. 32 36. Protozoal Ectoparasites (Ciliated and Flagellated) - p. 33 37. Spring Viremia of Carp (SVC) - p. 35 38. Swim Bladder Disease/Buoyancy Disorders - p. 36 39. Trauma and Wound Management - p. 38 40. Ulcer Disease in Koi - p. 40 41. Viral Diseases - p. 42 42. Viral Epidermal Hyperplasia (Carp Pox) - p. 43 43. Water Quality and Pet Fish Health - p. 44 44. Amphibians - p. 46 45. Ammonia Toxicosis - p. 47 46. Amoebiasis - p. 48 47. Chromomycosis - p. 49 48. Cloacal Prolapse - p. 51 49. Coccidiosis - p. 52 50. Corneal Lipidosis or Xanthomatosis - p. 53 51. Flagellate Enterocolitis - p. 55 52. Gastrointestinal Foreign Body or Overload - p. 56 53. Hypovitaminosis A - p. 57 54. Mycobacteriosis - p. 59 55. Nematodiasis - p. 60 56. Nutritional Secondary Hyperparathyroidism - p. 62 57. Saprolegniasis - p. 64 58. Septicemia - p. 65 59. Trauma and Wound Management - p. 67 60. Vomiting - p. 68 61. Weight Loss - p. 70 62. Reptiles - p. 70 63. Abscesses - p. 71 64. Adenovirus Infection - p. 74 65. Aggression - p. 75 66. Bacterial Dermatitis - p. 77 67. Calicivirus Infection - p. 79 68. CANV/Fungal Disease - p. 80 69. Cardiac Disease - p. 82 70. Chlamydophilosis - p. 84 71. Cloacal Prolapse - p. 85 72. Coccidiosis - p. 87 73. Cryptosporidiosis - p. 89 74. Dermatomycosis - p. 90 75. Dermatophilosis (Rain Rot) - p. 92 76. Diarrhea - p. 93 77. Dysecdysis - p. 95 78. Ectoparasites - p. 98 79. Entamoebiasis - p. 100 80. Gout - p. 101 81. Hepatic Lipidosis - p. 103 82. Herpesvirus Infections - p. 105 83. Hyperglycemia - p. 107 84. Hypervitaminosis A - p. 108 85. Hypovitaminosis A - p. 110 86. Inclusion Body Disease of Snakes - p. 113 87. Iridovirus Infection - p. 114 88. Liver Disease - p. 115 89. Mycobacteriosis - p. 117 90. Mycoplasma - p. 118 91. Nematodiasis - p. 120 92. Nutritional Secondary Hyperparathyroidism - p. 121 93. Orthopedics and Fracture Repair - p. 125 94. Paramyxovirus Infection - p. 127 95. Paraphimosis - p. 128 96. Pentastomes - p. 130 97. Periodontal Disease - p. 132 98. Proliferative Spinal Osteoarthropathy - p. 135 99. Regurgitation/Vomiting - p. 136 100. Renal Disease - p. 138 101. Reovirus Infections - p. 140 102. Respiratory (Lower) Tract Disease/Pneumonia - p. 141 103. Salmonella - p. 143 104. Stomatitis, Bacterial - p. 145 105. Birds - p. 146 106. Abscesses - p. 147 107. Anemia - p. 149 108. Anorexia - p. 151 109. Ascites - p. 153 110. Aspergillosis - p. 155 111. Cardiac Disease - p. 157 112. Central Nervous System Signs and Neurologic Conditions - p. 159 113. Chlamydophila psittaci - p. 161 114. Chronic Egg Laying - p. 164 115. Cloacal Prolapse - p. 165 116. Conjunctivitis - p. 167 117. Constipation (Ileus) - p. 168 118. Crop Stasis - p. 170 119. Dehydration - p. 171 120. Diarrhea - p. 173 121. Dystocia - p. 175 122. Ectoparasitism - p. 177 123. Edema, Soft Tissue - p. 179 124. Emaciation - p. 180 125. Enteritis - p. 181 126. Feather Picking - p. 184 127. Follicular Stasis - p. 185 128. Foreign Bodies - p. 186 129. Fractures - p. 189 130. Gout - p. 191 131. Heavy Metal Toxicity - p. 192 132. Hepatic Lipidosis - p. 194 133. Hypocalcemia - p. 197 134. Hypovitaminosis - p. 199 135. Liver Disease - p. 201 136. Megabacteriosis - p. 203 137. Mycoses - p. 204 138. Neurologic Disease - p. 207 139. Ocular Lesions - p. 209 140. Organophosphate Toxicity - p. 212 141. Overgrown Beak and Claws - p. 213 142. Papillomas - p. 215 143. Pneumonia - p. 217 144. Pododermatitis - p. 219 145. Polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon) Toxicity - p. 221 146. Proventricular Dilatation Disease - p. 222 147. Regurgitation/Vomiting - p. 225 148. Renal Disease - p. 228 149. Sinusitis, Chronic - p. 230 150. Trauma - p. 232 151. Tumors - p. 234 152. Uropygial Gland Disease Conditions - p. 237 153. Viral Diseases - p. 239 154. Small Mammals: Rats - p. 241 155. Rats - p. 242 156. Guinea Pigs - p. 253 157. Basic Information - p. 253 158. Diagnosis - p. 253 159. Treatment - p. 253 160. Prognosis and Outcome - p. 254 161. Pearls & Considerations - p. 254 162. Suggested Readings - p. 254 163. Cross-References to Other Sections - p. 254 164. Basic Information - p. 254 165. Diagnosis - p. 255 166. Treatment - p. 255 167. Prognosis and Outcome - p. 255 168. Suggested Readings - p. 255 169. Cross-References to Other Sections - p. 255 170. Basic Information - p. 255 171. Diagnosis - p. 256 172. Treatment - p. 257 173. Prognosis and Outcome - p. 258 174. Pearls & Considerations - p. 258 175. Suggested Readings - p. 258 176. Cross-References to Other Sections - p. 258 177. Basic Information - p. 258 178. Diagnosis - p. 258 179. Treatment - p. 259 180. Prognosis and Outcome - p. 259 181. Pearls & Considerations - p. 259 182. Suggested Readings - p. 259 183. Cross-References to Other Sections - p. 259 184. Basic Information - p. 260 185. Diagnosis - p. 260 186. Treatment - p. 260 187. Prognosis and Outcome - p. 261 188. Pearls & Considerations - p. 261 189. Suggested Readings - p. 261 190. Cross-References to Other Sections - p. 261 191. Basic Information - p. 262 192. Diagnosis - p. 262 193. Treatment - p. 262 194. Prognosis and Outcome - p. 263 195. Pearls & Considerations - p. 263 196. Suggested Readings - p. 263 197. Basic Information - p. 263 198. Diagnosis - p. 264 199. Treatment - p. 265 200. Prognosis and Outcome - p. 265 201. Pearls & Considerations - p. 265 202. Suggested Readings - p. 266 203. Cross-References to Other Sections - p. 266 204. Basic Information - p. 266 205. Diagnosis - p. 266 206. Treatment - p. 267 207. Prognosis and Outcome - p. 267 208. Pearls & Considerations - p. 267 209. Suggested Readings - p. 267 210. Cross-References to Other Sections - p. 267 211. Basic Information - p. 268 212. Diagnosis - p. 268 213. Treatment - p. 269 214. Prognosis and Outcome - p. 269 215. Pearls & Considerations - p. 269 216. Suggested Reading - p. 269 217. Cross-References to Other Sections - p. 269 218. Basic Information - p. 269 219. Diagnosis - p. 270 220. Treatment - p. 270 221. Prognosis and Outcome - p. 270 222. Pearls & Considerations - p. 271 223. Suggested Readings - p. 271 224. Cross-References to Other Sections - p. 271 225. Basic Information - p. 271 226. Diagnosis - p. 272 227. Treatment - p. 272 228. Prognosis and Outcome - p. 272 229. Pearls & Considerations - p. 272 230. Suggested Readings - p. 272 231. Cross-References to Other Sections - p. 272 232. Basic Information - p. 273 233. Diagnosis - p. 273 234. Treatment - p. 273 235. Prognosis and Outcome - p. 274 236. Pearls & Considerations - p. 274 237. Suggested Readings - p. 274 238. Basic Information - p. 275 239. Diagnosis - p. 275 240. Treatment - p. 275 241. Prognosis and Outcome - p. 276 242. Pearls & Considerations - p. 276 243. Suggested Readings - p. 276 244. Cross-References to Other Sections - p. 276 245. Basic Information - p. 276 246. Diagnosis - p. 277 247. Treatment - p. 277 248. Prognosis and Outcome - p. 278 249. Pearls & Considerations - p. 278 250. Suggested Readings - p. 278 251. Cross-References to Other Sections - p. 278 252. Basic Information - p. 278 253. Diagnosis - p. 279 254. Treatment - p. 279 255. Prognosis and Outcome - p. 280 256. Pearls & Considerations - p. 280 257. Suggested Readings - p. 280 258. Cross-References to Other Sections - p. 280 259. Basic Information - p. 280 260. Diagnosis - p. 281 261. Treatment - p. 281 262. Prognosis and Outcome - p. 281 263. Pearls & Considerations - p. 281 264. Suggested Reading - p. 281 265. Cross-References to Other Sections - p. 281 266. Basic Information - p. 282 267. Diagnosis - p. 282 268. Treatment - p. 283 269. Prognosis and Outcome - p. 283 270. Pearls & Considerations - p. 283 271. Suggested Readings - p. 283 272. Basic Information - p. 284 273. Diagnosis - p. 284 274. Treatment - p. 284 275. Prognosis and Outcome - p. 284 276. Pearls & Considerations - p. 284 277. Suggested Readings - p. 284 278. Cross-References to Other Sections - p. 284 279. Hamsters - p. 285 280. Ovarian Disease - p. 299 281. Chinchillas - p. 301 282. Prairie Dogs - p. 316 283. Degus - p. 318 284. Hedgehogs - p. 323 285. Sugar Gliders - p. 328 286. Rabbits - p. 330 287. Abscesses - p. 331 288. Anorexia - p. 333 289. Arthritis - p. 334 290. Behavioral Disorders - p. 337 291. Buphthalmia and Glaucoma - p. 338 292. Cardiovascular Disease - p. 341 293. Cataracts - p. 342 294. Cherry Eye - p. 344 295. Coccidiosis - p. 346 296. Conjunctival Disorders - p. 349 297. Cutaneous Masses - p. 351 298. Dacryocystitis and Epiphora - p. 352 299. Dental Disease - p. 355 300. Dermatopathies - p. 360 301. Dysautonomia (Grass Sickness) - p. 364 302. Ectoparasites - p. 366 303. Electrocution - p. 368 304. Encephalitis - p. 369 305. Encephalitozoonosis - p. 371 306. Endoparasites - p. 374 307. Floppy Rabbit Syndrome - p. 376 308. Gastric Disorders - p. 378 309. Hemorrhagic Disease - p. 381 310. Hepatic Disorders - p. 383 311. Intestinal Disorders - p. 385 312. Lower Respiratory Tract Disorders - p. 390 313. Lower Urinary Tract Disorders - p. 392 314. Lymphosarcoma - p. 395 315. Mammary Gland Disorders - p. 397 316. Myxomatosis - p. 398 317. Obesity - p. 401 318. Otitis - p. 403 319. Pasteurellosis - p. 405 320. Pododermatitis - p. 407 321. Pregnancy Toxemia - p. 409 322. Pseudopregnancy - p. 411 323. Renal Disorders - p. 412 324. Splayleg - p. 416 325. Staphylococcosis - p. 417 326. Testicular Tumors - p. 419 327. Thymoma - p. 420 328. Treponematosis - p. 421 329. Upper Respiratory Tract Disorders - p. 423 330. Uterine Disorders - p. 424 331. Uveitis - p. 426 332. Vestibular Disease - p. 428 333. Ferrets - p. 429 334. Adrenal Disease - p. 430 335. Aleutian Disease - p. 433 336. Campylobacter spp. Infection - p. 434 337. Cataracts - p. 435 338. Chordoma - p. 437 339. Cryptococcosis - p. 439 340. Dental Disease - p. 441 341. Dirofilariasis - p. 443 342. Distemper - p. 444 343. Ear Mites - p. 445 344. Ectoparasites - p. 447 345. Endoparasites - p. 448 346. Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis - p. 450 347. Epizootic Catarrhal Enteritis - p. 451 348. Ferret Systemic Coronaviral Disease (FSCD) - p. 452 349. Gastrointestinal Foreign Bodies - p. 454 350. Heart Disease, AV Block - p. 456 351. Heart Disease, Structural - p. 458 352. Helicobacter mustelae-Associated Gastritis and Ulcers - p. 460 353. Hepatobiliary Disease - p. 461 354. Hyperestrogenism-Associated Anemia - p. 462 355. Ibuprofen and Acetaminophen Toxicity - p. 464 356. Inflammatory Bowel Disease - p. 465 357. Influenza - p. 468 358. Insulinoma - p. 469 359. Lymphoma - p. 471 360. Mastitis - p. 475 361. Megaesophagus - p. 477 362. Myofascitis - p. 478 363. Neonatal Disease - p. 479 364. Osteoma - p. 481 365. Ovarian Neoplasia - p. 482 366. Ovarian Remnant Syndrome - p. 484 367. Pregnancy Toxemia - p. 486 368. Proliferative Bowel Disease - p. 487 369. Prostatic Disease - p. 488 370. Renal Disorders - p. 491 371. Skin Tumors - p. 495 372. Splenomegaly - p. 497 373. Urolithiasis - p. 498 374. Vaccine Reactions - p. 500 375. Section II Procedures and Techniques - p. 502 376. Invertebrates - p. 502 377. Anesthesia - p. 502 378. Diagnostic Sampling - p. 504 379. Dysecdysis/Ectoparasites - p. 505 380. Euthanasia - p. 506 381. Exoskeleton Repair - p. 507 382. Fluid Administration - p. 508 383. Handling and Restraint - p. 509 384. Fish - p. 509 385. Diagnostic Sampling - p. 510 386. Emergency Care - p. 511 387. Injections, Intracoelomic (Ice) and Intramuscular (IM) - p. 512 388. MS 222 Anesthesia - p. 513 389. Oral Medication - p. 514 390. Surgical Principles - p. 516 391. Tank Pond Therapy - p. 517 392. Venipuncture - p. 518 393. Amphibians - p. 518 394. General Emergency Support - p. 519 395. Handling and Restraint - p. 519 396. Reptiles - p. 519 397. Abscess Removal - p. 520 398. Assisting Shedding - p. 522 399. Blood Pressure - p. 523 400. Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation - p. 524 401. Collection of Sampling - p. 525 402. Dystocia - p. 526 403. Fecal Exam - p. 528 404. Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) Study - p. 529 405. Handling and Restraint - p. 530 406. Injections and Medication Administration - p. 531 407. Phlebotomy - p. 533 408. Tracheal or Lung Wash - p. 534 409. Wound Care - p. 535 410. Birds - p. 536 411. Air Sac Tube Placement - p. 537 412. Coelomocentesis - p. 537 413. Crop Infusion - p. 538 414. Duodenostomy - p. 539 415. E-collars - p. 539 416. Esophagostomy - p. 540 417. Fluid Therapy - p. 541 418. Handling and Restraint - p. 543 419. Nasal Flush - p. 544 420. Tracheal or Lung Wash - p. 545 421. Venipuncture - p. 546 422. Small Mammals - p. 546 423. Anesthesia Monitoring in Rabbits and Rodents - p. 547 424. Blood Collection, Volume, and Sites - p. 549 425. Blood Transfusion - p. 551 426. Bone Marrow Aspiration and Core Biopsy - p. 552 427. Bronchoscopy - p. 553 428. Castration - p. 555 429. Echocardiography - p. 557 430. E-Collars - p. 557 431. Electrocardiography - p. 558 432. Feeding Tube Placement in Rabbits and Rodents - p. 559 433. Fluid Therapy in Rabbits and Rodents - p. 560 434. Intraosseous Catheters - p. 561 435. Intubation Technique in Rabbits and Rodents - p. 562 436. Nasolacrimal Cannulation of Rabbits - p. 563 437. Ovariohysterectomy - p. 564 438. Preventing Hypothermia During Anesthesia - p. 566 439. Recognition of Pain in Rabbits and Rodents - p. 567 440. Rectal Prolapse and Intussusception Treatment in Hamsters, Mice, and Guinea Pigs - p. 567 441. Restraint and Carrying, How to Pick up Rabbits and Rodents - p. 568 442. Urethral Catheterization of Ferrets - p. 570 443. Section III Differential Diagnosis - p. 570 444. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome - p. 570 445. Alopecia - p. 572 446. Anemia - p. 572 447. Anorexia - p. 573 448. Ascites - p. 573 449. Azotemia - p. 574 450. Bleeding Disorder - p. 574 451. Bronchial Disease - p. 574 452. Central Nervous System (CNS) Disorders, Multifocal/Diffuse - p. 575 453. Central Nervous System (CNS) Signs - p. 576 454. Conjunctivitis - p. 576 455. Constipation - p. 577 456. Conversion Factors - p. 578 457. Corneal Ulcer - p. 580 458. Cranial Nerve Deficits - p. 581 459. Dangerous Antibiotics - p. 581 460. Dermatosis - p. 582 461. Diabetes Mellitus - p. 582 462. Diarrhea - p. 583 463. Distended Coelom - p. 584 464. Dyspnea - p. 584 465. Dystocia - p. 585 466. Emaciation - p. 585 467. Gastric Stasis - p. 586 468. Hematuria - p. 586 469. Hepatic Failure - p. 587 470. Hypercalcemia - p. 587 471. Hyperkalemia - p. 587 472. Hyperlipidemia - p. 587 473. Incontinence, Urinary - p. 588 474. Inflammatory Bowel Disease - p. 588 475. Lameness - p. 588 476. Liver Failure - p. 588 477. Nasal Discharge - p. 589 478. Neurologic Signs - p. 590 479. Polyphagia - p. 590 480. Polyuria/Polydipsia - p. 591 481. Regurgitation/Vomiting - p. 592 482. Renal Failure - p. 592 483. Seizures - p. 593 484. Undigested Food in Droppings - p. 594 485. Urate Coloration - p. 594 486. Uric Acid Elevation - p. 594 487. Weakness/Ataxia - p. 595 488. Weight Loss - p. 596 489. Section IV Laboratory Tests - p. 596 490. Adrenal Panel, Ferret - p. 598 491. Alanine Aminotransferase - p. 599 492. Albumin - p. 600 493. Alkaline Phosphatase - p. 600 494. Ammonia - p. 601 495. Amylase - p. 602 496. Aspartate Aminotransferase - p. 603 497. Azurophil Count - p. 603 498. Basophil Count - p. 604 499. Bile Acids - p. 606 500. Bilirubin - p. 607 501. Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) - p. 608 502. Body Surface Area Conversions Using the Meeh Coefficients - p. 609 503. Calcium - p. 610 504. Chloride - p. 612 505. Cholesterol - p. 613 506. Creatine Kinase - p. 614 507. Creatinine - p. 615 508. Eosinophil Count - p. 616 509. Gammaglutamyl Transferase (GGT) - p. 617 510. Globulins - p. 618 511. Glucose - p. 619 512. Hematocrit - p. 622 513. Lead - p. 623 514. Lipase - p. 624 515. Lymphocyte Count - p. 625 516. Monocyte Count - p. 628 517. Neutrophil-Heterophil Count - p. 629 518. pH - p. 633 519. Phosphorus - p. 636 520. Platelet Count - p. 637 521. Potassium - p. 640 522. Protein, Total - p. 642 523. Red Blood Cell (RBC) Count - p. 643 524. Reticulocyte Count - p. 646 525. Sodium - p. 647 526. Thyroid Hormones - p. 648 527. Uric Acid - p. 649 528. Zinc - p. 650 529. Section V Clinical Algorithms - p. 651 530. Amphibians - p. 651 531. Sudden Death - p. 654 532. Weight Loss - p. 655 533. Reptiles - p. 656 534. CNS Chelonia - p. 657 535. CNS Lizard - p. 658 536. CNS Snakes - p. 659 537. Constipation - p. 660 538. Diarrhea - p. 661 539. Parasites - p. 662 540. Prolapse - p. 663 541. Regurgitation - p. 664 542. Swellings - p. 665 543. Unspecific Problem/Not Doing Well - p. 666 544. Vomiting - p. 667 545. Weight Loss - p. 668 546. Small Mammals - p. 668 547. Alopecia - p. 669 548. Anorexia - p. 670 549. CNS Signs - p. 671 550. Diarrhea - p. 672 551. Dyspnea - p. 674 552. Lameness - p. 677 553. Lumps and Bumps - p. 678 554. Mammary Mass - p. 680 555. Ocular Changes - p. 681 556. Painful Abdomen - p. 682 557. Paresis - p. 683 558. Skin/Fur Changes - p. 684 559. Vaginal Discharge - p. 685 560. Weight Loss, Chronic - p. 686 561. Rabbits - p. 686 562. Urinary Changes - p. 687 563. Section VI Zoonoses - p. 687 564. Acariasis - p. 690 565. Animal Bites - p. 694 566. Chlamydiosis - p. 697 567. Cryptosporidiosis - p. 699 568. Dermatophytosis - p. 703 569. Encephalitozoonosis - p. 705 570. Hantavirus - p. 708 571. Leptospirosis - p. 711 572. Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus - p. 713 573. Mycobacterium marinum Granuloma - p. 715 574. Pasteurella multocida - p. 717 575. Plague - p. 719 576. Rabies - p. 722 577. Rat Bite Fever - p. 724 578. Salmonellosis - p. 726 579. Tularemia - p. 730 580. Index - p. 733
Providing accurate, at-a-glance information on managing the diseases of birds and exotic pets, Clinical Veterinary Advisor: Birds and Exotic Pets is the only comprehensive resource on the market covering birds, reptiles, small mammals, and other non-traditional pets. Concise summaries of hundreds of common medical problems help you consider differential diagnoses, recommend diagnostic tests, interpret results mindful of unique species differences, utilize important concepts of species-specific husbandry and nutrition, prescribe treatments, and provide follow-up care. With contributions from recognized avian and exotics experts and edited by Jörg Mayer and Thomas M. Donnelly, this clinical reference provides all the information you need in one book!
1. Cover image - p. i 2. Title Page - p. i 3. Table of Contents - p. i 4. Copyright - p. iv 5. Dedication - p. v 6. Editors-In-Chief - p. vii 7. Editors - p. viii 8. Contributors - p. ix 9. Preface - p. xiii 10. Acknowledgments - p. xv 11. Section I Diseases and Disorders - p. xv 12. Invertebrates - p. xv 13. Abscesses/Granulomas - p. 2 14. Alopecia - p. 3 15. Bacterial Diseases - p. 4 16. Dehydration - p. 5 17. Dysecdysis - p. 7 18. Fungal Infections, Superficial and Systemic - p. 8 19. Infectious Diseases of Acroporid Corals - p. 9 20. Intoxication - p. 11 21. Mites (Acarii) - p. 12 22. Oral Nematodes (Panagrolaimidae) - p. 13 23. Trauma - p. 15 24. Viral Diseases - p. 16 25. Fish - p. 16 26. Bacterial Diseases - p. 17 27. Dropsy - p. 20 28. Ectoparasites, Crustacean - p. 21 29. Flukes (Monogenean Parasites) - p. 22 30. Fungal Diseases - p. 24 31. Gastrointestinal Nematode and Cestode Parasites - p. 27 32. Gastrointestinal Protozoal Parasites - p. 28 33. Head and Lateral Line Erosion (HLLE) - p. 30 34. Koi Herpes Virus Infection (KHV) - p. 31 35. Lymphocystis - p. 32 36. Protozoal Ectoparasites (Ciliated and Flagellated) - p. 33 37. Spring Viremia of Carp (SVC) - p. 35 38. Swim Bladder Disease/Buoyancy Disorders - p. 36 39. Trauma and Wound Management - p. 38 40. Ulcer Disease in Koi - p. 40 41. Viral Diseases - p. 42 42. Viral Epidermal Hyperplasia (Carp Pox) - p. 43 43. Water Quality and Pet Fish Health - p. 44 44. Amphibians - p. 46 45. Ammonia Toxicosis - p. 47 46. Amoebiasis - p. 48 47. Chromomycosis - p. 49 48. Cloacal Prolapse - p. 51 49. Coccidiosis - p. 52 50. Corneal Lipidosis or Xanthomatosis - p. 53 51. Flagellate Enterocolitis - p. 55 52. Gastrointestinal Foreign Body or Overload - p. 56 53. Hypovitaminosis A - p. 57 54. Mycobacteriosis - p. 59 55. Nematodiasis - p. 60 56. Nutritional Secondary Hyperparathyroidism - p. 62 57. Saprolegniasis - p. 64 58. Septicemia - p. 65 59. Trauma and Wound Management - p. 67 60. Vomiting - p. 68 61. Weight Loss - p. 70 62. Reptiles - p. 70 63. Abscesses - p. 71 64. Adenovirus Infection - p. 74 65. Aggression - p. 75 66. Bacterial Dermatitis - p. 77 67. Calicivirus Infection - p. 79 68. CANV/Fungal Disease - p. 80 69. Cardiac Disease - p. 82 70. Chlamydophilosis - p. 84 71. Cloacal Prolapse - p. 85 72. Coccidiosis - p. 87 73. Cryptosporidiosis - p. 89 74. Dermatomycosis - p. 90 75. Dermatophilosis (Rain Rot) - p. 92 76. Diarrhea - p. 93 77. Dysecdysis - p. 95 78. Ectoparasites - p. 98 79. Entamoebiasis - p. 100 80. Gout - p. 101 81. Hepatic Lipidosis - p. 103 82. Herpesvirus Infections - p. 105 83. Hyperglycemia - p. 107 84. Hypervitaminosis A - p. 108 85. Hypovitaminosis A - p. 110 86. Inclusion Body Disease of Snakes - p. 113 87. Iridovirus Infection - p. 114 88. Liver Disease - p. 115 89. Mycobacteriosis - p. 117 90. Mycoplasma - p. 118 91. Nematodiasis - p. 120 92. Nutritional Secondary Hyperparathyroidism - p. 121 93. Orthopedics and Fracture Repair - p. 125 94. Paramyxovirus Infection - p. 127 95. Paraphimosis - p. 128 96. Pentastomes - p. 130 97. Periodontal Disease - p. 132 98. Proliferative Spinal Osteoarthropathy - p. 135 99. Regurgitation/Vomiting - p. 136 100. Renal Disease - p. 138 101. Reovirus Infections - p. 140 102. Respiratory (Lower) Tract Disease/Pneumonia - p. 141 103. Salmonella - p. 143 104. Stomatitis, Bacterial - p. 145 105. Birds - p. 146 106. Abscesses - p. 147 107. Anemia - p. 149 108. Anorexia - p. 151 109. Ascites - p. 153 110. Aspergillosis - p. 155 111. Cardiac Disease - p. 157 112. Central Nervous System Signs and Neurologic Conditions - p. 159 113. Chlamydophila psittaci - p. 161 114. Chronic Egg Laying - p. 164 115. Cloacal Prolapse - p. 165 116. Conjunctivitis - p. 167 117. Constipation (Ileus) - p. 168 118. Crop Stasis - p. 170 119. Dehydration - p. 171 120. Diarrhea - p. 173 121. Dystocia - p. 175 122. Ectoparasitism - p. 177 123. Edema, Soft Tissue - p. 179 124. Emaciation - p. 180 125. Enteritis - p. 181 126. Feather Picking - p. 184 127. Follicular Stasis - p. 185 128. Foreign Bodies - p. 186 129. Fractures - p. 189 130. Gout - p. 191 131. Heavy Metal Toxicity - p. 192 132. Hepatic Lipidosis - p. 194 133. Hypocalcemia - p. 197 134. Hypovitaminosis - p. 199 135. Liver Disease - p. 201 136. Megabacteriosis - p. 203 137. Mycoses - p. 204 138. Neurologic Disease - p. 207 139. Ocular Lesions - p. 209 140. Organophosphate Toxicity - p. 212 141. Overgrown Beak and Claws - p. 213 142. Papillomas - p. 215 143. Pneumonia - p. 217 144. Pododermatitis - p. 219 145. Polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon) Toxicity - p. 221 146. Proventricular Dilatation Disease - p. 222 147. Regurgitation/Vomiting - p. 225 148. Renal Disease - p. 228 149. Sinusitis, Chronic - p. 230 150. Trauma - p. 232 151. Tumors - p. 234 152. Uropygial Gland Disease Conditions - p. 237 153. Viral Diseases - p. 239 154. Small Mammals: Rats - p. 241 155. Rats - p. 242 156. Guinea Pigs - p. 253 157. Basic Information - p. 253 158. Diagnosis - p. 253 159. Treatment - p. 253 160. Prognosis and Outcome - p. 254 161. Pearls & Considerations - p. 254 162. Suggested Readings - p. 254 163. Cross-References to Other Sections - p. 254 164. Basic Information - p. 254 165. Diagnosis - p. 255 166. Treatment - p. 255 167. Prognosis and Outcome - p. 255 168. Suggested Readings - p. 255 169. Cross-References to Other Sections - p. 255 170. Basic Information - p. 255 171. Diagnosis - p. 256 172. Treatment - p. 257 173. Prognosis and Outcome - p. 258 174. Pearls & Considerations - p. 258 175. Suggested Readings - p. 258 176. Cross-References to Other Sections - p. 258 177. Basic Information - p. 258 178. Diagnosis - p. 258 179. Treatment - p. 259 180. Prognosis and Outcome - p. 259 181. Pearls & Considerations - p. 259 182. Suggested Readings - p. 259 183. Cross-References to Other Sections - p. 259 184. Basic Information - p. 260 185. Diagnosis - p. 260 186. Treatment - p. 260 187. Prognosis and Outcome - p. 261 188. Pearls & Considerations - p. 261 189. Suggested Readings - p. 261 190. Cross-References to Other Sections - p. 261 191. Basic Information - p. 262 192. Diagnosis - p. 262 193. Treatment - p. 262 194. Prognosis and Outcome - p. 263 195. Pearls & Considerations - p. 263 196. Suggested Readings - p. 263 197. Basic Information - p. 263 198. Diagnosis - p. 264 199. Treatment - p. 265 200. Prognosis and Outcome - p. 265 201. Pearls & Considerations - p. 265 202. Suggested Readings - p. 266 203. Cross-References to Other Sections - p. 266 204. Basic Information - p. 266 205. Diagnosis - p. 266 206. Treatment - p. 267 207. Prognosis and Outcome - p. 267 208. Pearls & Considerations - p. 267 209. Suggested Readings - p. 267 210. Cross-References to Other Sections - p. 267 211. Basic Information - p. 268 212. Diagnosis - p. 268 213. Treatment - p. 269 214. Prognosis and Outcome - p. 269 215. Pearls & Considerations - p. 269 216. Suggested Reading - p. 269 217. Cross-References to Other Sections - p. 269 218. Basic Information - p. 269 219. Diagnosis - p. 270 220. Treatment - p. 270 221. Prognosis and Outcome - p. 270 222. Pearls & Considerations - p. 271 223. Suggested Readings - p. 271 224. Cross-References to Other Sections - p. 271 225. Basic Information - p. 271 226. Diagnosis - p. 272 227. Treatment - p. 272 228. Prognosis and Outcome - p. 272 229. Pearls & Considerations - p. 272 230. Suggested Readings - p. 272 231. Cross-References to Other Sections - p. 272 232. Basic Information - p. 273 233. Diagnosis - p. 273 234. Treatment - p. 273 235. Prognosis and Outcome - p. 274 236. Pearls & Considerations - p. 274 237. Suggested Readings - p. 274 238. Basic Information - p. 275 239. Diagnosis - p. 275 240. Treatment - p. 275 241. Prognosis and Outcome - p. 276 242. Pearls & Considerations - p. 276 243. Suggested Readings - p. 276 244. Cross-References to Other Sections - p. 276 245. Basic Information - p. 276 246. Diagnosis - p. 277 247. Treatment - p. 277 248. Prognosis and Outcome - p. 278 249. Pearls & Considerations - p. 278 250. Suggested Readings - p. 278 251. Cross-References to Other Sections - p. 278 252. Basic Information - p. 278 253. Diagnosis - p. 279 254. Treatment - p. 279 255. Prognosis and Outcome - p. 280 256. Pearls & Considerations - p. 280 257. Suggested Readings - p. 280 258. Cross-References to Other Sections - p. 280 259. Basic Information - p. 280 260. Diagnosis - p. 281 261. Treatment - p. 281 262. Prognosis and Outcome - p. 281 263. Pearls & Considerations - p. 281 264. Suggested Reading - p. 281 265. Cross-References to Other Sections - p. 281 266. Basic Information - p. 282 267. Diagnosis - p. 282 268. Treatment - p. 283 269. Prognosis and Outcome - p. 283 270. Pearls & Considerations - p. 283 271. Suggested Readings - p. 283 272. Basic Information - p. 284 273. Diagnosis - p. 284 274. Treatment - p. 284 275. Prognosis and Outcome - p. 284 276. Pearls & Considerations - p. 284 277. Suggested Readings - p. 284 278. Cross-References to Other Sections - p. 284 279. Hamsters - p. 285 280. Ovarian Disease - p. 299 281. Chinchillas - p. 301 282. Prairie Dogs - p. 316 283. Degus - p. 318 284. Hedgehogs - p. 323 285. Sugar Gliders - p. 328 286. Rabbits - p. 330 287. Abscesses - p. 331 288. Anorexia - p. 333 289. Arthritis - p. 334 290. Behavioral Disorders - p. 337 291. Buphthalmia and Glaucoma - p. 338 292. Cardiovascular Disease - p. 341 293. Cataracts - p. 342 294. Cherry Eye - p. 344 295. Coccidiosis - p. 346 296. Conjunctival Disorders - p. 349 297. Cutaneous Masses - p. 351 298. Dacryocystitis and Epiphora - p. 352 299. Dental Disease - p. 355 300. Dermatopathies - p. 360 301. Dysautonomia (Grass Sickness) - p. 364 302. Ectoparasites - p. 366 303. Electrocution - p. 368 304. Encephalitis - p. 369 305. Encephalitozoonosis - p. 371 306. Endoparasites - p. 374 307. Floppy Rabbit Syndrome - p. 376 308. Gastric Disorders - p. 378 309. Hemorrhagic Disease - p. 381 310. Hepatic Disorders - p. 383 311. Intestinal Disorders - p. 385 312. Lower Respiratory Tract Disorders - p. 390 313. Lower Urinary Tract Disorders - p. 392 314. Lymphosarcoma - p. 395 315. Mammary Gland Disorders - p. 397 316. Myxomatosis - p. 398 317. Obesity - p. 401 318. Otitis - p. 403 319. Pasteurellosis - p. 405 320. Pododermatitis - p. 407 321. Pregnancy Toxemia - p. 409 322. Pseudopregnancy - p. 411 323. Renal Disorders - p. 412 324. Splayleg - p. 416 325. Staphylococcosis - p. 417 326. Testicular Tumors - p. 419 327. Thymoma - p. 420 328. Treponematosis - p. 421 329. Upper Respiratory Tract Disorders - p. 423 330. Uterine Disorders - p. 424 331. Uveitis - p. 426 332. Vestibular Disease - p. 428 333. Ferrets - p. 429 334. Adrenal Disease - p. 430 335. Aleutian Disease - p. 433 336. Campylobacter spp. Infection - p. 434 337. Cataracts - p. 435 338. Chordoma - p. 437 339. Cryptococcosis - p. 439 340. Dental Disease - p. 441 341. Dirofilariasis - p. 443 342. Distemper - p. 444 343. Ear Mites - p. 445 344. Ectoparasites - p. 447 345. Endoparasites - p. 448 346. Eosinophilic Gastroenteritis - p. 450 347. Epizootic Catarrhal Enteritis - p. 451 348. Ferret Systemic Coronaviral Disease (FSCD) - p. 452 349. Gastrointestinal Foreign Bodies - p. 454 350. Heart Disease, AV Block - p. 456 351. Heart Disease, Structural - p. 458 352. Helicobacter mustelae-Associated Gastritis and Ulcers - p. 460 353. Hepatobiliary Disease - p. 461 354. Hyperestrogenism-Associated Anemia - p. 462 355. Ibuprofen and Acetaminophen Toxicity - p. 464 356. Inflammatory Bowel Disease - p. 465 357. Influenza - p. 468 358. Insulinoma - p. 469 359. Lymphoma - p. 471 360. Mastitis - p. 475 361. Megaesophagus - p. 477 362. Myofascitis - p. 478 363. Neonatal Disease - p. 479 364. Osteoma - p. 481 365. Ovarian Neoplasia - p. 482 366. Ovarian Remnant Syndrome - p. 484 367. Pregnancy Toxemia - p. 486 368. Proliferative Bowel Disease - p. 487 369. Prostatic Disease - p. 488 370. Renal Disorders - p. 491 371. Skin Tumors - p. 495 372. Splenomegaly - p. 497 373. Urolithiasis - p. 498 374. Vaccine Reactions - p. 500 375. Section II Procedures and Techniques - p. 502 376. Invertebrates - p. 502 377. Anesthesia - p. 502 378. Diagnostic Sampling - p. 504 379. Dysecdysis/Ectoparasites - p. 505 380. Euthanasia - p. 506 381. Exoskeleton Repair - p. 507 382. Fluid Administration - p. 508 383. Handling and Restraint - p. 509 384. Fish - p. 509 385. Diagnostic Sampling - p. 510 386. Emergency Care - p. 511 387. Injections, Intracoelomic (Ice) and Intramuscular (IM) - p. 512 388. MS 222 Anesthesia - p. 513 389. Oral Medication - p. 514 390. Surgical Principles - p. 516 391. Tank Pond Therapy - p. 517 392. Venipuncture - p. 518 393. Amphibians - p. 518 394. General Emergency Support - p. 519 395. Handling and Restraint - p. 519 396. Reptiles - p. 519 397. Abscess Removal - p. 520 398. Assisting Shedding - p. 522 399. Blood Pressure - p. 523 400. Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation - p. 524 401. Collection of Sampling - p. 525 402. Dystocia - p. 526 403. Fecal Exam - p. 528 404. Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) Study - p. 529 405. Handling and Restraint - p. 530 406. Injections and Medication Administration - p. 531 407. Phlebotomy - p. 533 408. Tracheal or Lung Wash - p. 534 409. Wound Care - p. 535 410. Birds - p. 536 411. Air Sac Tube Placement - p. 537 412. Coelomocentesis - p. 537 413. Crop Infusion - p. 538 414. Duodenostomy - p. 539 415. E-collars - p. 539 416. Esophagostomy - p. 540 417. Fluid Therapy - p. 541 418. Handling and Restraint - p. 543 419. Nasal Flush - p. 544 420. Tracheal or Lung Wash - p. 545 421. Venipuncture - p. 546 422. Small Mammals - p. 546 423. Anesthesia Monitoring in Rabbits and Rodents - p. 547 424. Blood Collection, Volume, and Sites - p. 549 425. Blood Transfusion - p. 551 426. Bone Marrow Aspiration and Core Biopsy - p. 552 427. Bronchoscopy - p. 553 428. Castration - p. 555 429. Echocardiography - p. 557 430. E-Collars - p. 557 431. Electrocardiography - p. 558 432. Feeding Tube Placement in Rabbits and Rodents - p. 559 433. Fluid Therapy in Rabbits and Rodents - p. 560 434. Intraosseous Catheters - p. 561 435. Intubation Technique in Rabbits and Rodents - p. 562 436. Nasolacrimal Cannulation of Rabbits - p. 563 437. Ovariohysterectomy - p. 564 438. Preventing Hypothermia During Anesthesia - p. 566 439. Recognition of Pain in Rabbits and Rodents - p. 567 440. Rectal Prolapse and Intussusception Treatment in Hamsters, Mice, and Guinea Pigs - p. 567 441. Restraint and Carrying, How to Pick up Rabbits and Rodents - p. 568 442. Urethral Catheterization of Ferrets - p. 570 443. Section III Differential Diagnosis - p. 570 444. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome - p. 570 445. Alopecia - p. 572 446. Anemia - p. 572 447. Anorexia - p. 573 448. Ascites - p. 573 449. Azotemia - p. 574 450. Bleeding Disorder - p. 574 451. Bronchial Disease - p. 574 452. Central Nervous System (CNS) Disorders, Multifocal/Diffuse - p. 575 453. Central Nervous System (CNS) Signs - p. 576 454. Conjunctivitis - p. 576 455. Constipation - p. 577 456. Conversion Factors - p. 578 457. Corneal Ulcer - p. 580 458. Cranial Nerve Deficits - p. 581 459. Dangerous Antibiotics - p. 581 460. Dermatosis - p. 582 461. Diabetes Mellitus - p. 582 462. Diarrhea - p. 583 463. Distended Coelom - p. 584 464. Dyspnea - p. 584 465. Dystocia - p. 585 466. Emaciation - p. 585 467. Gastric Stasis - p. 586 468. Hematuria - p. 586 469. Hepatic Failure - p. 587 470. Hypercalcemia - p. 587 471. Hyperkalemia - p. 587 472. Hyperlipidemia - p. 587 473. Incontinence, Urinary - p. 588 474. Inflammatory Bowel Disease - p. 588 475. Lameness - p. 588 476. Liver Failure - p. 588 477. Nasal Discharge - p. 589 478. Neurologic Signs - p. 590 479. Polyphagia - p. 590 480. Polyuria/Polydipsia - p. 591 481. Regurgitation/Vomiting - p. 592 482. Renal Failure - p. 592 483. Seizures - p. 593 484. Undigested Food in Droppings - p. 594 485. Urate Coloration - p. 594 486. Uric Acid Elevation - p. 594 487. Weakness/Ataxia - p. 595 488. Weight Loss - p. 596 489. Section IV Laboratory Tests - p. 596 490. Adrenal Panel, Ferret - p. 598 491. Alanine Aminotransferase - p. 599 492. Albumin - p. 600 493. Alkaline Phosphatase - p. 600 494. Ammonia - p. 601 495. Amylase - p. 602 496. Aspartate Aminotransferase - p. 603 497. Azurophil Count - p. 603 498. Basophil Count - p. 604 499. Bile Acids - p. 606 500. Bilirubin - p. 607 501. Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) - p. 608 502. Body Surface Area Conversions Using the Meeh Coefficients - p. 609 503. Calcium - p. 610 504. Chloride - p. 612 505. Cholesterol - p. 613 506. Creatine Kinase - p. 614 507. Creatinine - p. 615 508. Eosinophil Count - p. 616 509. Gammaglutamyl Transferase (GGT) - p. 617 510. Globulins - p. 618 511. Glucose - p. 619 512. Hematocrit - p. 622 513. Lead - p. 623 514. Lipase - p. 624 515. Lymphocyte Count - p. 625 516. Monocyte Count - p. 628 517. Neutrophil-Heterophil Count - p. 629 518. pH - p. 633 519. Phosphorus - p. 636 520. Platelet Count - p. 637 521. Potassium - p. 640 522. Protein, Total - p. 642 523. Red Blood Cell (RBC) Count - p. 643 524. Reticulocyte Count - p. 646 525. Sodium - p. 647 526. Thyroid Hormones - p. 648 527. Uric Acid - p. 649 528. Zinc - p. 650 529. Section V Clinical Algorithms - p. 651 530. Amphibians - p. 651 531. Sudden Death - p. 654 532. Weight Loss - p. 655 533. Reptiles - p. 656 534. CNS Chelonia - p. 657 535. CNS Lizard - p. 658 536. CNS Snakes - p. 659 537. Constipation - p. 660 538. Diarrhea - p. 661 539. Parasites - p. 662 540. Prolapse - p. 663 541. Regurgitation - p. 664 542. Swellings - p. 665 543. Unspecific Problem/Not Doing Well - p. 666 544. Vomiting - p. 667 545. Weight Loss - p. 668 546. Small Mammals - p. 668 547. Alopecia - p. 669 548. Anorexia - p. 670 549. CNS Signs - p. 671 550. Diarrhea - p. 672 551. Dyspnea - p. 674 552. Lameness - p. 677 553. Lumps and Bumps - p. 678 554. Mammary Mass - p. 680 555. Ocular Changes - p. 681 556. Painful Abdomen - p. 682 557. Paresis - p. 683 558. Skin/Fur Changes - p. 684 559. Vaginal Discharge - p. 685 560. Weight Loss, Chronic - p. 686 561. Rabbits - p. 686 562. Urinary Changes - p. 687 563. Section VI Zoonoses - p. 687 564. Acariasis - p. 690 565. Animal Bites - p. 694 566. Chlamydiosis - p. 697 567. Cryptosporidiosis - p. 699 568. Dermatophytosis - p. 703 569. Encephalitozoonosis - p. 705 570. Hantavirus - p. 708 571. Leptospirosis - p. 711 572. Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus - p. 713 573. Mycobacterium marinum Granuloma - p. 715 574. Pasteurella multocida - p. 717 575. Plague - p. 719 576. Rabies - p. 722 577. Rat Bite Fever - p. 724 578. Salmonellosis - p. 726 579. Tularemia - p. 730 580. Index - p. 733
