The internationally acclaimed text Critical Care Nursing is designed to support undergraduate and postgraduate students and critical care nurses in practice to develop the knowledge and skills necessary to deliver high quality patient care to contribute to improved patient outcomes.
The fifth edition has been fully updated with the latest evidence, resources and tools designed to help you master a range of competencies, from patient monitoring to delivering multidimensional interventions, using complex lifesaving equipment, and managing the deteriorating patient. There is a focus on the scope and principles of practice, quality and safety standards, ethical considerations, and increased support for nurses.
Highly regarded by clinicians and students around the world, this book will encourage and challenge you to develop world-class practice and ensure the delivery of the higest quality care.
1. Introduction - p. 18 2. Ethical allocation and utilisation of resources - p. 19 3. Historical influences - p. 19 4. Economic considerations and principles - p. 20 5. Budget and finance - p. 21 6. Critical care environment - p. 23 7. Equipment - p. 24 8. Staff - p. 26 9. Risk management - p. 32 10. Management of disease outbreaks and pandemics - p. 35 11. Summary - p. 38 12. Online resources - p. 40 13. Further reading - p. 40 14. References - p. 41 15. 3. Quality and safety - p. 47 16. Introduction - p. 47 17. Approaches to quality - p. 48 18. Patient safety - p. 57 19. Non-technical skills - p. 62 20. Summary - p. 67 21. Online resources - p. 70 22. Further reading - p. 70 23. References - p. 71 24. 4. Ethical issues in critical care - p. 78 25. Section 2. Principles and practice of critical care - p. 103 26. 5. Essential nursing care of the critically ill patient - p. 105 27. Introduction - p. 105 28. Skin integrity - p. 106 29. Eye care - p. 111 30. Oral hygiene - p. 113 31. Patient positioning and mobilisation in the ICU - p. 114 32. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis - p. 118 33. Bowel management - p. 118 34. Urinary catheter care - p. 121 35. Care of the older adult - p. 122 36. Bariatric considerations - p. 123 37. General principles of infection prevention and control in critical care - p. 124 38. Transport of critically ill patients: general principles - p. 131 39. Summary - p. 134 40. Online resources - p. 139 41. Further reading - p. 139 42. References - p. 139 43. 6. Patient comfort and psychological care - p. 147 44. Introduction - p. 147 45. Anxiety and depression - p. 148 46. Delirium - p. 150 47. Alcohol, benzodiazepine, nicotine and opioid withdrawal - p. 155 48. Pain - p. 157 49. Sedation - p. 162 50. Sleep - p. 164 51. Summary - p. 167 52. Online resources - p. 171 53. Further reading - p. 172 54. References - p. 172 55. 7. Family and cultural care of the critically ill patient - p. 180 56. Introduction - p. 180 57. Overview of models of care - p. 181 58. Equity, diversity and inclusion - p. 189 59. Cultural care - p. 189 60. Spiritual and religious considerations - p. 198 61. End-of-life care and bereavement - p. 200 62. Summary - p. 204 63. Online resources - p. 208 64. Further reading - p. 208 65. References - p. 209 66. 8. Recovery and rehabilitation - p. 217 67. Introduction - p. 217 68. Compromise following a critical illness - p. 219 69. Measuring patient outcomes following a critical illness - p. 225 70. Improving recovery following a critical illness - p. 229 71. Summary - p. 237 72. Online resources - p. 239 73. Further reading - p. 239 74. References - p. 240 75. 9. Cardiovascular assessment and monitoring - p. 249 76. 10. Cardiovascular alterations and management - p. 288 77. Introduction - p. 288 78. Cardiovascular disease - p. 288 79. Heart failure - p. 306 80. Selected cases - p. 319 81. Summary - p. 324 82. Online resources - p. 328 83. Further reading - p. 328 84. References - p. 329 85. 11. Cardiac rhythm assessment and management - p. 332 86. Introduction - p. 332 87. The cardiac conduction system - p. 333 88. Arrhythmia mechanisms - p. 336 89. Arrhythmia recognition and management - p. 337 90. Cardiac pacing - p. 356 91. Cardioversion and defibrillation - p. 375 92. Summary - p. 379 93. Online resources - p. 384 94. Further reading - p. 384 95. References - p. 384 96. 12. Cardiac surgery and transplantation - p. 391 97. Introduction - p. 391 98. Cardiac surgery - p. 392 99. Intra-aortic balloon pumping - p. 406 100. Heart transplantation - p. 413 101. Summary - p. 426 102. Online resources - p. 429 103. Further reading - p. 430 104. References - p. 430 105. 13. Respiratory assessment and monitoring - p. 439 106. 14. Respiratory alterations and management - p. 477 107. Introduction - p. 477 108. Incidence of respiratory alterations - p. 478 109. Respiratory failure - p. 478 110. Pneumonia - p. 480 111. Respiratory pandemics - p. 489 112. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) - p. 491 113. Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) - p. 495 114. Pneumothorax - p. 498 115. Pulmonary embolism - p. 500 116. Lung transplantation - p. 502 117. Summary - p. 508 118. Online resources - p. 512 119. Further reading - p. 513 120. References - p. 513 121. 15. Ventilation and oxygenation management - p. 521 122. Introduction - p. 521 123. Oxygen therapy - p. 521 124. Oxygen administration devices - p. 522 125. Airway support - p. 523 126. Managing endotracheal and tracheostomy tubes - p. 527 127. Mechanical ventilation - p. 529 128. Non-invasive ventilation - p. 536 129. Invasive mechanical ventilation - p. 539 130. Managing the mechanically ventilated patient - p. 548 131. Weaning from mechanical ventilation - p. 550 132. Summary - p. 553 133. Online resources - p. 556 134. Further reading - p. 557 135. References - p. 557 136. 16. Neurological assessment and monitoring - p. 567 137. 17. Neurological alterations and management - p. 605 138. Introduction - p. 605 139. Neurological dysfunction - p. 605 140. Neurological therapeutic management - p. 611 141. Central nervous system disorders - p. 616 142. Summary - p. 634 143. Online resources - p. 638 144. Further reading - p. 639 145. References - p. 639 146. 18. Support of renal function - p. 644 147. 19. Nutrition assessment and therapeutic management - p. 681 148. 20. Gastrointestinal, metabolic and liver alterations - p. 715 149. 21. Pathophysiology and management of shock - p. 759 150. Introduction - p. 759 151. Pathophysiology - p. 760 152. Patient assessment - p. 764 153. Hypovolaemic shock - p. 766 154. Cardiogenic shock - p. 771 155. Sepsis and septic shock - p. 777 156. Anaphylaxis - p. 782 157. Neurogenic/spinal shock - p. 786 158. Resuscitation endpoints - p. 788 159. Summary - p. 789 160. Online resources - p. 792 161. Further reading - p. 793 162. References - p. 793 163. 22. Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome - p. 801 164. Section 3. Specialty practice - p. 825 165. 23. Emergency presentations - p. 827 166. Introduction - p. 827 167. Background - p. 828 168. Extended clinical skills - p. 833 169. Retrievals and transport of critically ill patients - p. 834 170. Respiratory presentations - p. 835 171. Chest pain presentations - p. 839 172. Abdominal symptom presentations - p. 841 173. Acute stroke - p. 843 174. Overdose and poisoning - p. 844 175. Envenomation - p. 855 176. Drowning - p. 862 177. Hypothermia - p. 864 178. Hyperthermia and heat illness - p. 865 179. Multiple patient triage/disaster - p. 866 180. Summary - p. 869 181. Online resources - p. 873 182. Further reading - p. 874 183. References - p. 874 184. 24. Trauma management - p. 883 185. Introduction - p. 883 186. Trauma systems and processes - p. 884 187. Common clinical presentations - p. 887 188. Summary - p. 918 189. Further reading - p. 922 190. References - p. 922 191. 25. Resuscitation - p. 926 192. 26. Postanaesthesia recovery - p. 953 193. 27. Paediatric considerations in critical care - p. 983 194. Introduction - p. 983 195. Anatomical and physiological considerations in children - p. 984 196. Developmental considerations - p. 989 197. Family issues and consent - p. 991 198. Pain, sedation, delirium and withdrawal - p. 991 199. Upper airway obstruction - p. 993 200. The child experiencing lower airway disease - p. 998 201. Nursing the ventilated child - p. 1001 202. The child experiencing shock - p. 1003 203. The child experiencing acute neurological dysfunction - p. 1005 204. Gastrointestinal and renal considerations in children - p. 1007 205. Paediatric trauma - p. 1008 206. Post-intensive care syndrome in children - p. 1011 207. Summary - p. 1012 208. Online resources - p. 1015 209. References - p. 1015 210. 28. Pregnancy and postpartum considerations - p. 1024 211. Introduction - p. 1024 212. Epidemiology of critical illness in pregnancy - p. 1024 213. Adapted physiology of pregnancy - p. 1025 214. Diseases and conditions unique to pregnancy - p. 1030 215. Exacerbation of medical disease associated with pregnancy - p. 1041 216. Non-obstetric conditions and special considerations for pregnancy - p. 1046 217. Caring for pregnant women in ICU - p. 1049 218. Caring for postpartum women in ICU - p. 1054 219. Summary - p. 1058 220. Online resources - p. 1060 221. Further reading - p. 1061 222. References - p. 1061 223. 29. Organ donation and transplantation - p. 1072 224. Appendix A. Practice standards for specialist critical care nurses - p. 1098 225. Appendix B. Normal laboratory values - p. 1101 226. Glossary of terms - p. 1107 227. Index - p. 1112
The internationally acclaimed text Critical Care Nursing is designed to support undergraduate and postgraduate students and critical care nurses in practice to develop the knowledge and skills necessary to deliver high quality patient care to contribute to improved patient outcomes.
The fifth edition has been fully updated with the latest evidence, resources and tools designed to help you master a range of competencies, from patient monitoring to delivering multidimensional interventions, using complex lifesaving equipment, and managing the deteriorating patient. There is a focus on the scope and principles of practice, quality and safety standards, ethical considerations, and increased support for nurses.
Highly regarded by clinicians and students around the world, this book will encourage and challenge you to develop world-class practice and ensure the delivery of the higest quality care.
1. Introduction - p. 18 2. Ethical allocation and utilisation of resources - p. 19 3. Historical influences - p. 19 4. Economic considerations and principles - p. 20 5. Budget and finance - p. 21 6. Critical care environment - p. 23 7. Equipment - p. 24 8. Staff - p. 26 9. Risk management - p. 32 10. Management of disease outbreaks and pandemics - p. 35 11. Summary - p. 38 12. Online resources - p. 40 13. Further reading - p. 40 14. References - p. 41 15. 3. Quality and safety - p. 47 16. Introduction - p. 47 17. Approaches to quality - p. 48 18. Patient safety - p. 57 19. Non-technical skills - p. 62 20. Summary - p. 67 21. Online resources - p. 70 22. Further reading - p. 70 23. References - p. 71 24. 4. Ethical issues in critical care - p. 78 25. Section 2. Principles and practice of critical care - p. 103 26. 5. Essential nursing care of the critically ill patient - p. 105 27. Introduction - p. 105 28. Skin integrity - p. 106 29. Eye care - p. 111 30. Oral hygiene - p. 113 31. Patient positioning and mobilisation in the ICU - p. 114 32. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis - p. 118 33. Bowel management - p. 118 34. Urinary catheter care - p. 121 35. Care of the older adult - p. 122 36. Bariatric considerations - p. 123 37. General principles of infection prevention and control in critical care - p. 124 38. Transport of critically ill patients: general principles - p. 131 39. Summary - p. 134 40. Online resources - p. 139 41. Further reading - p. 139 42. References - p. 139 43. 6. Patient comfort and psychological care - p. 147 44. Introduction - p. 147 45. Anxiety and depression - p. 148 46. Delirium - p. 150 47. Alcohol, benzodiazepine, nicotine and opioid withdrawal - p. 155 48. Pain - p. 157 49. Sedation - p. 162 50. Sleep - p. 164 51. Summary - p. 167 52. Online resources - p. 171 53. Further reading - p. 172 54. References - p. 172 55. 7. Family and cultural care of the critically ill patient - p. 180 56. Introduction - p. 180 57. Overview of models of care - p. 181 58. Equity, diversity and inclusion - p. 189 59. Cultural care - p. 189 60. Spiritual and religious considerations - p. 198 61. End-of-life care and bereavement - p. 200 62. Summary - p. 204 63. Online resources - p. 208 64. Further reading - p. 208 65. References - p. 209 66. 8. Recovery and rehabilitation - p. 217 67. Introduction - p. 217 68. Compromise following a critical illness - p. 219 69. Measuring patient outcomes following a critical illness - p. 225 70. Improving recovery following a critical illness - p. 229 71. Summary - p. 237 72. Online resources - p. 239 73. Further reading - p. 239 74. References - p. 240 75. 9. Cardiovascular assessment and monitoring - p. 249 76. 10. Cardiovascular alterations and management - p. 288 77. Introduction - p. 288 78. Cardiovascular disease - p. 288 79. Heart failure - p. 306 80. Selected cases - p. 319 81. Summary - p. 324 82. Online resources - p. 328 83. Further reading - p. 328 84. References - p. 329 85. 11. Cardiac rhythm assessment and management - p. 332 86. Introduction - p. 332 87. The cardiac conduction system - p. 333 88. Arrhythmia mechanisms - p. 336 89. Arrhythmia recognition and management - p. 337 90. Cardiac pacing - p. 356 91. Cardioversion and defibrillation - p. 375 92. Summary - p. 379 93. Online resources - p. 384 94. Further reading - p. 384 95. References - p. 384 96. 12. Cardiac surgery and transplantation - p. 391 97. Introduction - p. 391 98. Cardiac surgery - p. 392 99. Intra-aortic balloon pumping - p. 406 100. Heart transplantation - p. 413 101. Summary - p. 426 102. Online resources - p. 429 103. Further reading - p. 430 104. References - p. 430 105. 13. Respiratory assessment and monitoring - p. 439 106. 14. Respiratory alterations and management - p. 477 107. Introduction - p. 477 108. Incidence of respiratory alterations - p. 478 109. Respiratory failure - p. 478 110. Pneumonia - p. 480 111. Respiratory pandemics - p. 489 112. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) - p. 491 113. Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) - p. 495 114. Pneumothorax - p. 498 115. Pulmonary embolism - p. 500 116. Lung transplantation - p. 502 117. Summary - p. 508 118. Online resources - p. 512 119. Further reading - p. 513 120. References - p. 513 121. 15. Ventilation and oxygenation management - p. 521 122. Introduction - p. 521 123. Oxygen therapy - p. 521 124. Oxygen administration devices - p. 522 125. Airway support - p. 523 126. Managing endotracheal and tracheostomy tubes - p. 527 127. Mechanical ventilation - p. 529 128. Non-invasive ventilation - p. 536 129. Invasive mechanical ventilation - p. 539 130. Managing the mechanically ventilated patient - p. 548 131. Weaning from mechanical ventilation - p. 550 132. Summary - p. 553 133. Online resources - p. 556 134. Further reading - p. 557 135. References - p. 557 136. 16. Neurological assessment and monitoring - p. 567 137. 17. Neurological alterations and management - p. 605 138. Introduction - p. 605 139. Neurological dysfunction - p. 605 140. Neurological therapeutic management - p. 611 141. Central nervous system disorders - p. 616 142. Summary - p. 634 143. Online resources - p. 638 144. Further reading - p. 639 145. References - p. 639 146. 18. Support of renal function - p. 644 147. 19. Nutrition assessment and therapeutic management - p. 681 148. 20. Gastrointestinal, metabolic and liver alterations - p. 715 149. 21. Pathophysiology and management of shock - p. 759 150. Introduction - p. 759 151. Pathophysiology - p. 760 152. Patient assessment - p. 764 153. Hypovolaemic shock - p. 766 154. Cardiogenic shock - p. 771 155. Sepsis and septic shock - p. 777 156. Anaphylaxis - p. 782 157. Neurogenic/spinal shock - p. 786 158. Resuscitation endpoints - p. 788 159. Summary - p. 789 160. Online resources - p. 792 161. Further reading - p. 793 162. References - p. 793 163. 22. Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome - p. 801 164. Section 3. Specialty practice - p. 825 165. 23. Emergency presentations - p. 827 166. Introduction - p. 827 167. Background - p. 828 168. Extended clinical skills - p. 833 169. Retrievals and transport of critically ill patients - p. 834 170. Respiratory presentations - p. 835 171. Chest pain presentations - p. 839 172. Abdominal symptom presentations - p. 841 173. Acute stroke - p. 843 174. Overdose and poisoning - p. 844 175. Envenomation - p. 855 176. Drowning - p. 862 177. Hypothermia - p. 864 178. Hyperthermia and heat illness - p. 865 179. Multiple patient triage/disaster - p. 866 180. Summary - p. 869 181. Online resources - p. 873 182. Further reading - p. 874 183. References - p. 874 184. 24. Trauma management - p. 883 185. Introduction - p. 883 186. Trauma systems and processes - p. 884 187. Common clinical presentations - p. 887 188. Summary - p. 918 189. Further reading - p. 922 190. References - p. 922 191. 25. Resuscitation - p. 926 192. 26. Postanaesthesia recovery - p. 953 193. 27. Paediatric considerations in critical care - p. 983 194. Introduction - p. 983 195. Anatomical and physiological considerations in children - p. 984 196. Developmental considerations - p. 989 197. Family issues and consent - p. 991 198. Pain, sedation, delirium and withdrawal - p. 991 199. Upper airway obstruction - p. 993 200. The child experiencing lower airway disease - p. 998 201. Nursing the ventilated child - p. 1001 202. The child experiencing shock - p. 1003 203. The child experiencing acute neurological dysfunction - p. 1005 204. Gastrointestinal and renal considerations in children - p. 1007 205. Paediatric trauma - p. 1008 206. Post-intensive care syndrome in children - p. 1011 207. Summary - p. 1012 208. Online resources - p. 1015 209. References - p. 1015 210. 28. Pregnancy and postpartum considerations - p. 1024 211. Introduction - p. 1024 212. Epidemiology of critical illness in pregnancy - p. 1024 213. Adapted physiology of pregnancy - p. 1025 214. Diseases and conditions unique to pregnancy - p. 1030 215. Exacerbation of medical disease associated with pregnancy - p. 1041 216. Non-obstetric conditions and special considerations for pregnancy - p. 1046 217. Caring for pregnant women in ICU - p. 1049 218. Caring for postpartum women in ICU - p. 1054 219. Summary - p. 1058 220. Online resources - p. 1060 221. Further reading - p. 1061 222. References - p. 1061 223. 29. Organ donation and transplantation - p. 1072 224. Appendix A. Practice standards for specialist critical care nurses - p. 1098 225. Appendix B. Normal laboratory values - p. 1101 226. Glossary of terms - p. 1107 227. Index - p. 1112
