For otolaryngologists at all levels and across all subspecialties, Cummings Otolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery, Eighth Edition, remains the #1 reference of choice for authoritative answers and easily accessible clinical content on every topic in this complex field. This award-winning text is ideal for all stages of your career—from residency and board certification through the challenges faced in daily clinical practice. Now meticulously reviewed and updated throughout, this modern classic keeps you up to date with the latest minimally invasive procedures, recent changes in rhinology, new techniques and technologies that are shaping patient outcomes, and much more.
1. Cummings Otolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery - p. i 2. Cover image - p. i 3. Title page - p. ii 4. Table of Contents - p. iii 5. Copyright - p. iv 6. Contributors - p. v 7. Preface - p. xxv 8. Acknowledgments - p. xxvi 9. Video contents - p. xxxiv 10. List of Illustrations - p. xxxvii 11. List of Tables - p. xxxviii 12. PART I. Measuring Outcomes and Performance - p. xxxviii 13. 1. Outcomes research - p. 1 14. 2. Interpreting medical data - p. 9 15. 3. Health care disparities in otolaryngology - p. 27 16. 4. COVID-19 in otolaryngology: Pandemic response and sequelae of long COVID - p. 31 17. PART II. General Otolaryngology - p. 47.e3 18. 5. History, physical examination, and the preoperative evaluation - p. 48 19. 6. General considerations of anesthesia and management of the difficult airway - p. 64 20. 7. Tracheotomy - p. 84 21. 8. Overview of diagnostic imaging of the head and neck - p. 94 22. 9. Deep neck and odontogenic infections - p. 139 23. 10. Head and neck manifestations in the immunocompromised host - p. 154 24. 11. Upper aerodigestive manifestations of systemic disease - p. 180 25. 12. Otolaryngology in older adults - p. 196 26. 13. Pain management in the head and neck patient - p. 205 27. 14. Sleep apnea and sleep disorders - p. 216 28. PART III. Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - p. 236.e4 29. SECTION 1. Facial Surgery - p. 236.e4 30. 15. Aesthetic facial analysis - p. 237 31. 16. Recognition and treatment of skin lesions - p. 250 32. 17. Scar revision and keloid scar management - p. 262 33. 18. Facial trauma: Soft tissue lacerations and burns - p. 270 34. 19. Craniomaxillofacial trauma - p. 287 35. 20. Reconstruction of facial defects - p. 314 36. 21. Hair restoration: Medical and surgical techniques - p. 342 37. 22. Management of aging skin - p. 362 38. 23. Rhytidectomy and facial liposuction - p. 386 39. 24. Facial implants and fat grafting - p. 404 40. 25. Forehead, brow, and eyelid surgery - p. 414 41. 26. Facial feminization surgery - p. 428 42. 27. Otoplasty - p. 438 43. 28. Rehabilitation of facial paralysis - p. 447 44. SECTION 2. Rhinoplasty - p. 461.e2 45. 29. Management of the nasal septum - p. 462 46. 30. Nasal fractures - p. 482 47. 31. Primary rhinoplasty - p. 494 48. 32. Revision rhinoplasty and ethnic considerations - p. 520 49. 33. Functional rhinoplasty - p. 539 50. PART IV. Sinus, Rhinology, and Allergy/Immunology - p. 552.e2 51. 34. Allergy and immunology of the upper airway - p. 553 52. 35. Olfactory function and dysfunction - p. 584 53. 36. Objective assessment of respiratory tract function - p. 602 54. 37. Imaging of the nose and sinuses - p. 614 55. 38. Nonallergic rhinitis - p. 638 56. 39. Acute rhinosinusitis pathogenesis, treatment, and complications - p. 646 57. 40. Pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis - p. 655 58. 41. Chronic rhinosinusitis: Evidence-based medical treatment - p. 667 59. 42. Chronic rhinosinusitis: Outcomes of medical and surgical treatment - p. 676 60. 43. Primary sinus surgery - p. 687 61. 44. Causes of failure, revision surgery for rhinosinusitis, and management of complications in endoscopic sinus surgery - p. 720 62. 45. Management of the frontal sinuses - p. 731 63. 46. Epistaxis - p. 749 64. 47. Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea - p. 762 65. 48. Sino-orbital interface - p. 776 66. 49. Benign tumors of the sinonasal tract - p. 793 67. 50. Systemic disease of the nose and sinuses - p. 809 68. 51. Facial pain - p. 819 69. PART V. Laryngology and Bronchoesophagology - p. 823.e1 70. 52. Laryngeal and pharyngeal function - p. 824 71. 53. Visual documentation of the larynx - p. 834 72. 54. Voice evaluation and therapy - p. 845 73. 55. Neurologic disorders of the larynx - p. 854 74. 56. Laryngeal paralysis - p. 864 75. 57. The professional voice - p. 873 76. 58. Laser surgery basic principles and safety considerations - p. 889 77. 59. Benign vocal fold mucosal disorders - p. 903 78. 60. Acute and chronic laryngopharyngitis - p. 932 79. 61. Medialization thyroplasty - p. 941 80. 62. Arytenoid adduction and abduction - p. 951 81. 63. Laryngeal reinnervation - p. 957 82. 64. Chronic aspiration - p. 965 83. 65. Laryngeal and esophageal trauma - p. 974 84. 66. Laryngeal stenosis - p. 991 85. 67. Subglottic and tracheal stenosis - p. 1003 86. 68. Diseases of the esophagus - p. 1015 87. 69. Transnasal esophagoscopy - p. 1043 88. 70. Zenker diverticulum - p. 1049 89. 71. Tracheobronchial endoscopy - p. 1061 90. 72. Gender-affirming voice care - p. 1071 91. PART VI. Head and Neck Surgery and Oncology - p. 1082.e2 92. SECTION 1. General Considerations - p. 1082.e2 93. 73. Tumor immunology and immunotherapy - p. 1083 94. 74. Biology of head and neck cancers - p. 1090 95. 75. Epidemiology of human papillomavirus–positive head and neck cancer - p. 1105 96. 76. Radiotherapy for head and neck cancer: Radiation physics, radiobiology, and clinical principles - p. 1112 97. 77. Chemotherapy and targeted biologic agents for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma - p. 1133 98. 78. Skin flap physiology and wound healing - p. 1150 99. 79. Free tissue transfer - p. 1162 100. 80. Integrating palliative and curative care strategies in the practice of otolaryngology - p. 1182 101. 81. Management of cutaneous head and neck melanoma - p. 1187 102. SECTION 2. Salivary Glands - p. 1201.e4 103. 82. Physiology of the salivary glands - p. 1202 104. 83. Diagnostic imaging and fine-needle aspiration of the salivary glands - p. 1209 105. 84. Inflammatory disorders of the salivary glands - p. 1221 106. 85. Benign neoplasms of the salivary glands - p. 1235 107. 86. Malignant neoplasms of the salivary glands - p. 1254 108. SECTION 3. Oral Cavity - p. 1277.e6 109. 87. Physiology of the oral cavity - p. 1278 110. 88. Oral mucosal lesions - p. 1295 111. 89. Odontogenesis, odontogenic cysts, and odontogenic tumors - p. 1320 112. 90. Temporomandibular joint disorders - p. 1342 113. 91. Benign tumors and tumor-like lesions of the oral cavity - p. 1350 114. 92. Malignant neoplasms of the oral cavity - p. 1356 115. 93. Reconstruction of the mandible - p. 1382 116. 94. Prosthetic management of head and neck defects - p. 1399 117. SECTION 4. Pharynx and Esophagus - p. 1420.e1 118. 95. Benign and malignant tumors of the nasopharynx - p. 1421 119. 96. Surgical therapy of oropharyngeal cancer - p. 1432 120. 97. Reconstruction of the oropharynx - p. 1459 121. 98. Swallowing function and implications in head and neck cancer - p. 1481 122. 99. Diagnostic imaging of the pharynx and esophagus - p. 1488 123. 100. Neoplasms of the hypopharynx and cervical esophagus - p. 1517 124. 101. Reconstruction of the hypopharynx and esophagus - p. 1533 125. SECTION 5. Larynx - p. 1546.e2 126. 102. Diagnostic imaging of the larynx - p. 1547 127. 103. Malignant tumors of the larynx - p. 1569 128. Anatomy and embryology - p. 1569 129. Classification and staging of malignant tumours of the larynx - p. 1573 130. Differential diagnosis - p. 1575 131. Diagnosis and evaluation - p. 1575 132. Precursor laryngeal lesions: Dysplasia - p. 1576 133. Squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx: General overview - p. 1578 134. Molecular biology - p. 1579 135. Pathology - p. 1579 136. Clinical presentation - p. 1580 137. Squamous cell carcinoma: Principles of treatment - p. 1581 138. Treatment of glottic squamous cell carcinoma - p. 1582 139. Treatment of supraglottic squamous cell carcinoma - p. 1586 140. Treatment of subglottic squamous cell carcinoma - p. 1591 141. Nonsurgical treatment of advanced laryngeal cancer (organ preservation) - p. 1591 142. Treatment of recurrent or residual squamous cell carcinoma - p. 1592 143. Prognosis and prognostic predictors - p. 1594 144. Variants of squamous cell carcinoma - p. 1597 145. Nonsquamous malignant laryngeal tumors - p. 1598 146. References - p. 1603 147. 104. Management of early glottic cancer - p. 1604 148. 105. Transoral laser microresection of advanced laryngeal tumors - p. 1619 149. 106. Conservation laryngeal surgery - p. 1635 150. 107. Total laryngectomy and laryngopharyngectomy - p. 1660 151. 108. Radiation therapy for cancer of the larynx and hypopharynx - p. 1678 152. 109. Vocal and speech rehabilitation after laryngectomy - p. 1699 153. 110. Diagnosis and management of tracheal neoplasms - p. 1719 154. SECTION 6. Neck - p. 1734.e2 155. 111. Differential diagnosis of neck masses - p. 1735 156. 112. Ultrasound imaging of the neck - p. 1742 157. 113. Neoplasms of the neck - p. 1760 158. 114. Lymphomas presenting in the head and neck - p. 1785 159. 115. Radiation therapy and management of the cervical lymph nodes and malignant skull base tumors - p. 1800 160. 116. Neck dissection - p. 1824 161. 117. Complications of neck surgery - p. 1848 162. 118. Penetrating and blunt trauma to the neck - p. 1857 163. SECTION 7. Thyroid/Parathyroid - p. 1868.e1 164. 119. Disorders of the thyroid gland - p. 1869 165. 120. Management of thyroid neoplasms - p. 1886 166. 121. Management of parathyroid disorders - p. 1913 167. 122. Surgical robotics in otolaryngology - p. 1923 168. 123. Management of thyroid eye disease (Graves ophthalmopathy) - p. 1934 169. PART VII. Otology, Neurotology, and Skull Base Surgery - p. 1944.e2 170. SECTION 1. Basic Science - p. 1944.e2 171. 124. Anatomy of the temporal bone, external ear, and middle ear - p. 1945 172. 125. Neuroanatomy of the auditory system - p. 1955 173. 126. Principles of applied auditory physiology - p. 1963 174. 127. Neuroanatomy of the vestibular system - p. 1976 175. 128. Principles of applied vestibular physiology - p. 1995 176. 129. Anatomy and physiology of the eustachian tube - p. 2024 177. 130. Clinical evaluation and management of the eustachian tube - p. 2031 178. 131. Cortical neuroplasticity in hearing loss - p. 2044 179. 132. Age-related hearing and balance disorders: Implications for population health - p. 2062 180. SECTION 2. Diagnostic Assessment - p. 2071.e5 181. 133. Diagnostic audiology and electrophysiologic assessment of hearing - p. 2072 182. 134. Neuroradiology of the temporal bone and skull base - p. 2094 183. 135. Interventional neuroradiology of the skull base, head, and neck - p. 2114 184. 136. Otologic symptoms and syndromes - p. 2134 185. SECTION 3. External Ear - p. 2146.e2 186. 137. Infections of the external ear - p. 2147 187. 138. Topical therapies of external ear disorders - p. 2155 188. SECTION 4. Middle Ear, Mastoid, and Temporal Bone - p. 2170.e4 189. 139. Chronic otitis media, mastoiditis, and petrositis - p. 2171 190. 140. Complications of temporal bone infections - p. 2186 191. 141. Tympanoplasty and ossiculoplasty - p. 2207 192. 142. Mastoidectomy: Surgical techniques - p. 2220 193. 143. Middle ear endoscopic surgery - p. 2231 194. 144. Clinical assessment and surgical treatment of conductive hearing loss - p. 2242 195. 145. Otosclerosis - p. 2253 196. 146. Management of temporal bone trauma - p. 2263 197. SECTION 5. Inner Ear - p. 2276.e3 198. 147. Cochlear transduction and peripheral auditory pathology - p. 2277 199. 148. Genetic sensorineural hearing loss - p. 2294 200. 149. Otologic manifestations of systemic disease - p. 2311 201. 150. Sensorineural hearing loss in adults - p. 2330 202. 151. Tinnitus and hyperacusis - p. 2348 203. 152. Noise-induced hearing loss - p. 2363 204. 153. Infections of the labyrinth - p. 2378 205. 154. Autoimmune inner ear disease and autoinflammatory disease - p. 2388 206. 155. Vestibular and auditory ototoxicity - p. 2393 207. 156. Pharmacologic and molecular therapies of the cochlear and vestibular labyrinths - p. 2405 208. SECTION 6. Auditory Prosthetic Stimulation, Devices, and Rehabilitative Audiology - p. 2419.e6 209. 157. Implantable hearing devices - p. 2420 210. 158. Cochlear implantation: Patient evaluation and device selection - p. 2439 211. 159. Medical and surgical considerations in cochlear implantation - p. 2447 212. 160. Cochlear implantation in adults: Results, outcomes, and rehabilitation - p. 2463 213. 161. Auditory brainstem implantation - p. 2472 214. 162. Hearing aid amplification - p. 2479 215. SECTION 7. Vestibular Disorders - p. 2490.e2 216. 163. Evaluation of the patient with dizziness - p. 2491 217. 164. Peripheral vestibular disorders - p. 2512 218. 165. Central vestibular disorders - p. 2531 219. 166. Surgery for vestibular disorders - p. 2554 220. 167. Vestibular and balance rehabilitation therapy: Program essentials - p. 2567 221. SECTION 8. Facial Nerve Disorders - p. 2580.e5 222. 168. Tests of facial nerve function - p. 2581 223. 169. Clinical disorders of the facial nerve - p. 2595 224. 170. Intratemporal facial nerve surgery - p. 2607 225. SECTION 9. Cranial Base - p. 2620.e1 226. 171. Surgical anatomy of the lateral skull base - p. 2621 227. 172. Surgery of the anterior and middle cranial base - p. 2630 228. 173. Transnasal endoscopic-assisted surgery of the anterior skull base - p. 2662 229. 174. Malignancies of the paranasal sinus - p. 2679 230. 175. Temporal bone neoplasms and lateral cranial base surgery - p. 2711 231. 176. Neoplasms of the posterior fossa - p. 2731 232. 177. Intraoperative monitoring of cranial nerves in neurotologic surgery - p. 2762 233. 178. Radiation therapy for schwannomas and paragangliomas of the cranial base - p. 2780 234. PART VIII. Pediatric Otolaryngology - p. 2785.e5 235. SECTION 1. General - p. 2785.e5 236. 179. General considerations in pediatric otolaryngology - p. 2786 237. 180. Anesthesia in pediatric otolaryngology - p. 2801 238. 181. Pediatric speech disorders - p. 2824 239. 182. Evaluation and management of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea - p. 2829 240. 183. Complex and nonobstructive sleep disorders in children - p. 2839 241. 184. Understanding and evaluating genetic and genomic disorders in pediatric otolaryngology - p. 2854 242. SECTION 2. Craniofacial - p. 2866.e1 243. 185. Craniofacial surgery for congenital and acquired deformities - p. 2867 244. 186. Cleft lip and palate - p. 2893 245. 187. Velopharyngeal dysfunction - p. 2909 246. 188. 22q11.2 deletion syndrome - p. 2918 247. 189. Congenital and acquired malformations of the nose and nasopharynx - p. 2925 248. 190. Pediatric facial fractures - p. 2937 249. SECTION 3. Infections and Inflammation - p. 2946.e3 250. 191. Pediatric chronic rhinosinusitis - p. 2947 251. 192. Pediatric infectious disease - p. 2957 252. 193. Otitis media with effusion - p. 2967 253. SECTION 4. Hearing Loss and Pediatric Otology - p. 2974.e4 254. 194. Early detection and diagnosis of infant hearing impairment - p. 2975 255. 195. Pediatric otologic surgery - p. 2986 256. 196. Congenital malformations of the inner ear - p. 2993 257. 197. Enlarged vestibular aqueduct syndrome - p. 3012 258. 198. Evaluation and management of congenital aural atresia - p. 3018 259. 199. Microtia reconstruction - p. 3031 260. 200. Pediatric cochlear implantation - p. 3041 261. 201. Evaluation and management of pediatric vestibular disorders - p. 3053 262. SECTION 5. Head and Neck - p. 3058.e3 263. 202. Pediatric congenital and inflammatory masses of the head and neck - p. 3059 264. 203. Vascular anomalies of the head and neck - p. 3074 265. 204. Salivary gland disease in children - p. 3092 266. 205. Pediatric thyroid disease - p. 3115 267. 206. Pediatric head and neck neoplasms - p. 3126 268. SECTION 6. Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, and Esophagus - p. 3138.e2 269. 207. Infant feeding and ankyloglossia - p. 3139 270. 208. Evaluation and management of the pediatric airway - p. 3152 271. 209. Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis - p. 3169 272. 210. Evaluation and management of pediatric voice disorders - p. 3188 273. 211. Laryngotracheal stenosis and tracheal anomalies - p. 3197 274. 212. Laryngotracheal clefts - p. 3216 275. 213. Pediatric tracheotomy and decannulation - p. 3223 276. 214. Aerodigestive foreign bodies and caustic ingestions - p. 3232 277. 215. Management of pediatric dysphagia, laryngopharyngeal and gastroesophageal reflux disease, and eosinophilic esophagitis - p. 3246 278. Index - p. I-1
For otolaryngologists at all levels and across all subspecialties, Cummings Otolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery, Eighth Edition, remains the #1 reference of choice for authoritative answers and easily accessible clinical content on every topic in this complex field. This award-winning text is ideal for all stages of your career—from residency and board certification through the challenges faced in daily clinical practice. Now meticulously reviewed and updated throughout, this modern classic keeps you up to date with the latest minimally invasive procedures, recent changes in rhinology, new techniques and technologies that are shaping patient outcomes, and much more.
1. Cummings Otolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery - p. i 2. Cover image - p. i 3. Title page - p. ii 4. Table of Contents - p. iii 5. Copyright - p. iv 6. Contributors - p. v 7. Preface - p. xxv 8. Acknowledgments - p. xxvi 9. Video contents - p. xxxiv 10. List of Illustrations - p. xxxvii 11. List of Tables - p. xxxviii 12. PART I. Measuring Outcomes and Performance - p. xxxviii 13. 1. Outcomes research - p. 1 14. 2. Interpreting medical data - p. 9 15. 3. Health care disparities in otolaryngology - p. 27 16. 4. COVID-19 in otolaryngology: Pandemic response and sequelae of long COVID - p. 31 17. PART II. General Otolaryngology - p. 47.e3 18. 5. History, physical examination, and the preoperative evaluation - p. 48 19. 6. General considerations of anesthesia and management of the difficult airway - p. 64 20. 7. Tracheotomy - p. 84 21. 8. Overview of diagnostic imaging of the head and neck - p. 94 22. 9. Deep neck and odontogenic infections - p. 139 23. 10. Head and neck manifestations in the immunocompromised host - p. 154 24. 11. Upper aerodigestive manifestations of systemic disease - p. 180 25. 12. Otolaryngology in older adults - p. 196 26. 13. Pain management in the head and neck patient - p. 205 27. 14. Sleep apnea and sleep disorders - p. 216 28. PART III. Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - p. 236.e4 29. SECTION 1. Facial Surgery - p. 236.e4 30. 15. Aesthetic facial analysis - p. 237 31. 16. Recognition and treatment of skin lesions - p. 250 32. 17. Scar revision and keloid scar management - p. 262 33. 18. Facial trauma: Soft tissue lacerations and burns - p. 270 34. 19. Craniomaxillofacial trauma - p. 287 35. 20. Reconstruction of facial defects - p. 314 36. 21. Hair restoration: Medical and surgical techniques - p. 342 37. 22. Management of aging skin - p. 362 38. 23. Rhytidectomy and facial liposuction - p. 386 39. 24. Facial implants and fat grafting - p. 404 40. 25. Forehead, brow, and eyelid surgery - p. 414 41. 26. Facial feminization surgery - p. 428 42. 27. Otoplasty - p. 438 43. 28. Rehabilitation of facial paralysis - p. 447 44. SECTION 2. Rhinoplasty - p. 461.e2 45. 29. Management of the nasal septum - p. 462 46. 30. Nasal fractures - p. 482 47. 31. Primary rhinoplasty - p. 494 48. 32. Revision rhinoplasty and ethnic considerations - p. 520 49. 33. Functional rhinoplasty - p. 539 50. PART IV. Sinus, Rhinology, and Allergy/Immunology - p. 552.e2 51. 34. Allergy and immunology of the upper airway - p. 553 52. 35. Olfactory function and dysfunction - p. 584 53. 36. Objective assessment of respiratory tract function - p. 602 54. 37. Imaging of the nose and sinuses - p. 614 55. 38. Nonallergic rhinitis - p. 638 56. 39. Acute rhinosinusitis pathogenesis, treatment, and complications - p. 646 57. 40. Pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis - p. 655 58. 41. Chronic rhinosinusitis: Evidence-based medical treatment - p. 667 59. 42. Chronic rhinosinusitis: Outcomes of medical and surgical treatment - p. 676 60. 43. Primary sinus surgery - p. 687 61. 44. Causes of failure, revision surgery for rhinosinusitis, and management of complications in endoscopic sinus surgery - p. 720 62. 45. Management of the frontal sinuses - p. 731 63. 46. Epistaxis - p. 749 64. 47. Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea - p. 762 65. 48. Sino-orbital interface - p. 776 66. 49. Benign tumors of the sinonasal tract - p. 793 67. 50. Systemic disease of the nose and sinuses - p. 809 68. 51. Facial pain - p. 819 69. PART V. Laryngology and Bronchoesophagology - p. 823.e1 70. 52. Laryngeal and pharyngeal function - p. 824 71. 53. Visual documentation of the larynx - p. 834 72. 54. Voice evaluation and therapy - p. 845 73. 55. Neurologic disorders of the larynx - p. 854 74. 56. Laryngeal paralysis - p. 864 75. 57. The professional voice - p. 873 76. 58. Laser surgery basic principles and safety considerations - p. 889 77. 59. Benign vocal fold mucosal disorders - p. 903 78. 60. Acute and chronic laryngopharyngitis - p. 932 79. 61. Medialization thyroplasty - p. 941 80. 62. Arytenoid adduction and abduction - p. 951 81. 63. Laryngeal reinnervation - p. 957 82. 64. Chronic aspiration - p. 965 83. 65. Laryngeal and esophageal trauma - p. 974 84. 66. Laryngeal stenosis - p. 991 85. 67. Subglottic and tracheal stenosis - p. 1003 86. 68. Diseases of the esophagus - p. 1015 87. 69. Transnasal esophagoscopy - p. 1043 88. 70. Zenker diverticulum - p. 1049 89. 71. Tracheobronchial endoscopy - p. 1061 90. 72. Gender-affirming voice care - p. 1071 91. PART VI. Head and Neck Surgery and Oncology - p. 1082.e2 92. SECTION 1. General Considerations - p. 1082.e2 93. 73. Tumor immunology and immunotherapy - p. 1083 94. 74. Biology of head and neck cancers - p. 1090 95. 75. Epidemiology of human papillomavirus–positive head and neck cancer - p. 1105 96. 76. Radiotherapy for head and neck cancer: Radiation physics, radiobiology, and clinical principles - p. 1112 97. 77. Chemotherapy and targeted biologic agents for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma - p. 1133 98. 78. Skin flap physiology and wound healing - p. 1150 99. 79. Free tissue transfer - p. 1162 100. 80. Integrating palliative and curative care strategies in the practice of otolaryngology - p. 1182 101. 81. Management of cutaneous head and neck melanoma - p. 1187 102. SECTION 2. Salivary Glands - p. 1201.e4 103. 82. Physiology of the salivary glands - p. 1202 104. 83. Diagnostic imaging and fine-needle aspiration of the salivary glands - p. 1209 105. 84. Inflammatory disorders of the salivary glands - p. 1221 106. 85. Benign neoplasms of the salivary glands - p. 1235 107. 86. Malignant neoplasms of the salivary glands - p. 1254 108. SECTION 3. Oral Cavity - p. 1277.e6 109. 87. Physiology of the oral cavity - p. 1278 110. 88. Oral mucosal lesions - p. 1295 111. 89. Odontogenesis, odontogenic cysts, and odontogenic tumors - p. 1320 112. 90. Temporomandibular joint disorders - p. 1342 113. 91. Benign tumors and tumor-like lesions of the oral cavity - p. 1350 114. 92. Malignant neoplasms of the oral cavity - p. 1356 115. 93. Reconstruction of the mandible - p. 1382 116. 94. Prosthetic management of head and neck defects - p. 1399 117. SECTION 4. Pharynx and Esophagus - p. 1420.e1 118. 95. Benign and malignant tumors of the nasopharynx - p. 1421 119. 96. Surgical therapy of oropharyngeal cancer - p. 1432 120. 97. Reconstruction of the oropharynx - p. 1459 121. 98. Swallowing function and implications in head and neck cancer - p. 1481 122. 99. Diagnostic imaging of the pharynx and esophagus - p. 1488 123. 100. Neoplasms of the hypopharynx and cervical esophagus - p. 1517 124. 101. Reconstruction of the hypopharynx and esophagus - p. 1533 125. SECTION 5. Larynx - p. 1546.e2 126. 102. Diagnostic imaging of the larynx - p. 1547 127. 103. Malignant tumors of the larynx - p. 1569 128. Anatomy and embryology - p. 1569 129. Classification and staging of malignant tumours of the larynx - p. 1573 130. Differential diagnosis - p. 1575 131. Diagnosis and evaluation - p. 1575 132. Precursor laryngeal lesions: Dysplasia - p. 1576 133. Squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx: General overview - p. 1578 134. Molecular biology - p. 1579 135. Pathology - p. 1579 136. Clinical presentation - p. 1580 137. Squamous cell carcinoma: Principles of treatment - p. 1581 138. Treatment of glottic squamous cell carcinoma - p. 1582 139. Treatment of supraglottic squamous cell carcinoma - p. 1586 140. Treatment of subglottic squamous cell carcinoma - p. 1591 141. Nonsurgical treatment of advanced laryngeal cancer (organ preservation) - p. 1591 142. Treatment of recurrent or residual squamous cell carcinoma - p. 1592 143. Prognosis and prognostic predictors - p. 1594 144. Variants of squamous cell carcinoma - p. 1597 145. Nonsquamous malignant laryngeal tumors - p. 1598 146. References - p. 1603 147. 104. Management of early glottic cancer - p. 1604 148. 105. Transoral laser microresection of advanced laryngeal tumors - p. 1619 149. 106. Conservation laryngeal surgery - p. 1635 150. 107. Total laryngectomy and laryngopharyngectomy - p. 1660 151. 108. Radiation therapy for cancer of the larynx and hypopharynx - p. 1678 152. 109. Vocal and speech rehabilitation after laryngectomy - p. 1699 153. 110. Diagnosis and management of tracheal neoplasms - p. 1719 154. SECTION 6. Neck - p. 1734.e2 155. 111. Differential diagnosis of neck masses - p. 1735 156. 112. Ultrasound imaging of the neck - p. 1742 157. 113. Neoplasms of the neck - p. 1760 158. 114. Lymphomas presenting in the head and neck - p. 1785 159. 115. Radiation therapy and management of the cervical lymph nodes and malignant skull base tumors - p. 1800 160. 116. Neck dissection - p. 1824 161. 117. Complications of neck surgery - p. 1848 162. 118. Penetrating and blunt trauma to the neck - p. 1857 163. SECTION 7. Thyroid/Parathyroid - p. 1868.e1 164. 119. Disorders of the thyroid gland - p. 1869 165. 120. Management of thyroid neoplasms - p. 1886 166. 121. Management of parathyroid disorders - p. 1913 167. 122. Surgical robotics in otolaryngology - p. 1923 168. 123. Management of thyroid eye disease (Graves ophthalmopathy) - p. 1934 169. PART VII. Otology, Neurotology, and Skull Base Surgery - p. 1944.e2 170. SECTION 1. Basic Science - p. 1944.e2 171. 124. Anatomy of the temporal bone, external ear, and middle ear - p. 1945 172. 125. Neuroanatomy of the auditory system - p. 1955 173. 126. Principles of applied auditory physiology - p. 1963 174. 127. Neuroanatomy of the vestibular system - p. 1976 175. 128. Principles of applied vestibular physiology - p. 1995 176. 129. Anatomy and physiology of the eustachian tube - p. 2024 177. 130. Clinical evaluation and management of the eustachian tube - p. 2031 178. 131. Cortical neuroplasticity in hearing loss - p. 2044 179. 132. Age-related hearing and balance disorders: Implications for population health - p. 2062 180. SECTION 2. Diagnostic Assessment - p. 2071.e5 181. 133. Diagnostic audiology and electrophysiologic assessment of hearing - p. 2072 182. 134. Neuroradiology of the temporal bone and skull base - p. 2094 183. 135. Interventional neuroradiology of the skull base, head, and neck - p. 2114 184. 136. Otologic symptoms and syndromes - p. 2134 185. SECTION 3. External Ear - p. 2146.e2 186. 137. Infections of the external ear - p. 2147 187. 138. Topical therapies of external ear disorders - p. 2155 188. SECTION 4. Middle Ear, Mastoid, and Temporal Bone - p. 2170.e4 189. 139. Chronic otitis media, mastoiditis, and petrositis - p. 2171 190. 140. Complications of temporal bone infections - p. 2186 191. 141. Tympanoplasty and ossiculoplasty - p. 2207 192. 142. Mastoidectomy: Surgical techniques - p. 2220 193. 143. Middle ear endoscopic surgery - p. 2231 194. 144. Clinical assessment and surgical treatment of conductive hearing loss - p. 2242 195. 145. Otosclerosis - p. 2253 196. 146. Management of temporal bone trauma - p. 2263 197. SECTION 5. Inner Ear - p. 2276.e3 198. 147. Cochlear transduction and peripheral auditory pathology - p. 2277 199. 148. Genetic sensorineural hearing loss - p. 2294 200. 149. Otologic manifestations of systemic disease - p. 2311 201. 150. Sensorineural hearing loss in adults - p. 2330 202. 151. Tinnitus and hyperacusis - p. 2348 203. 152. Noise-induced hearing loss - p. 2363 204. 153. Infections of the labyrinth - p. 2378 205. 154. Autoimmune inner ear disease and autoinflammatory disease - p. 2388 206. 155. Vestibular and auditory ototoxicity - p. 2393 207. 156. Pharmacologic and molecular therapies of the cochlear and vestibular labyrinths - p. 2405 208. SECTION 6. Auditory Prosthetic Stimulation, Devices, and Rehabilitative Audiology - p. 2419.e6 209. 157. Implantable hearing devices - p. 2420 210. 158. Cochlear implantation: Patient evaluation and device selection - p. 2439 211. 159. Medical and surgical considerations in cochlear implantation - p. 2447 212. 160. Cochlear implantation in adults: Results, outcomes, and rehabilitation - p. 2463 213. 161. Auditory brainstem implantation - p. 2472 214. 162. Hearing aid amplification - p. 2479 215. SECTION 7. Vestibular Disorders - p. 2490.e2 216. 163. Evaluation of the patient with dizziness - p. 2491 217. 164. Peripheral vestibular disorders - p. 2512 218. 165. Central vestibular disorders - p. 2531 219. 166. Surgery for vestibular disorders - p. 2554 220. 167. Vestibular and balance rehabilitation therapy: Program essentials - p. 2567 221. SECTION 8. Facial Nerve Disorders - p. 2580.e5 222. 168. Tests of facial nerve function - p. 2581 223. 169. Clinical disorders of the facial nerve - p. 2595 224. 170. Intratemporal facial nerve surgery - p. 2607 225. SECTION 9. Cranial Base - p. 2620.e1 226. 171. Surgical anatomy of the lateral skull base - p. 2621 227. 172. Surgery of the anterior and middle cranial base - p. 2630 228. 173. Transnasal endoscopic-assisted surgery of the anterior skull base - p. 2662 229. 174. Malignancies of the paranasal sinus - p. 2679 230. 175. Temporal bone neoplasms and lateral cranial base surgery - p. 2711 231. 176. Neoplasms of the posterior fossa - p. 2731 232. 177. Intraoperative monitoring of cranial nerves in neurotologic surgery - p. 2762 233. 178. Radiation therapy for schwannomas and paragangliomas of the cranial base - p. 2780 234. PART VIII. Pediatric Otolaryngology - p. 2785.e5 235. SECTION 1. General - p. 2785.e5 236. 179. General considerations in pediatric otolaryngology - p. 2786 237. 180. Anesthesia in pediatric otolaryngology - p. 2801 238. 181. Pediatric speech disorders - p. 2824 239. 182. Evaluation and management of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea - p. 2829 240. 183. Complex and nonobstructive sleep disorders in children - p. 2839 241. 184. Understanding and evaluating genetic and genomic disorders in pediatric otolaryngology - p. 2854 242. SECTION 2. Craniofacial - p. 2866.e1 243. 185. Craniofacial surgery for congenital and acquired deformities - p. 2867 244. 186. Cleft lip and palate - p. 2893 245. 187. Velopharyngeal dysfunction - p. 2909 246. 188. 22q11.2 deletion syndrome - p. 2918 247. 189. Congenital and acquired malformations of the nose and nasopharynx - p. 2925 248. 190. Pediatric facial fractures - p. 2937 249. SECTION 3. Infections and Inflammation - p. 2946.e3 250. 191. Pediatric chronic rhinosinusitis - p. 2947 251. 192. Pediatric infectious disease - p. 2957 252. 193. Otitis media with effusion - p. 2967 253. SECTION 4. Hearing Loss and Pediatric Otology - p. 2974.e4 254. 194. Early detection and diagnosis of infant hearing impairment - p. 2975 255. 195. Pediatric otologic surgery - p. 2986 256. 196. Congenital malformations of the inner ear - p. 2993 257. 197. Enlarged vestibular aqueduct syndrome - p. 3012 258. 198. Evaluation and management of congenital aural atresia - p. 3018 259. 199. Microtia reconstruction - p. 3031 260. 200. Pediatric cochlear implantation - p. 3041 261. 201. Evaluation and management of pediatric vestibular disorders - p. 3053 262. SECTION 5. Head and Neck - p. 3058.e3 263. 202. Pediatric congenital and inflammatory masses of the head and neck - p. 3059 264. 203. Vascular anomalies of the head and neck - p. 3074 265. 204. Salivary gland disease in children - p. 3092 266. 205. Pediatric thyroid disease - p. 3115 267. 206. Pediatric head and neck neoplasms - p. 3126 268. SECTION 6. Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, and Esophagus - p. 3138.e2 269. 207. Infant feeding and ankyloglossia - p. 3139 270. 208. Evaluation and management of the pediatric airway - p. 3152 271. 209. Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis - p. 3169 272. 210. Evaluation and management of pediatric voice disorders - p. 3188 273. 211. Laryngotracheal stenosis and tracheal anomalies - p. 3197 274. 212. Laryngotracheal clefts - p. 3216 275. 213. Pediatric tracheotomy and decannulation - p. 3223 276. 214. Aerodigestive foreign bodies and caustic ingestions - p. 3232 277. 215. Management of pediatric dysphagia, laryngopharyngeal and gastroesophageal reflux disease, and eosinophilic esophagitis - p. 3246 278. Index - p. I-1
