Covering the entire spectrum of this fast-changing field, Diagnostic Imaging: Brain, fourth edition, is an invaluable resource for neuroradiologists, general radiologists, and trainees—anyone who requires an easily accessible, highly visual reference on today’s neuroimaging of both common and rare conditions. World-renowned authorities provide updated information on more than 300 diagnoses, all lavishly illustrated, delineated, and referenced, making this edition a useful learning tool as well as a handy reference for daily practice.
1. Chapter 38: Introduction to CNS Imaging, Trauma - p. 125 2. PRIMARY EFFECTS OF CNS TRAUMA - p. 133 3. Chapter 39: Scalp and Skull Injuries - p. 133 4. Chapter 40: Missile and Penetrating Injury - p. 137 5. Chapter 41: Epidural Hematoma, Classic - p. 141 6. Chapter 42: Epidural Hematoma, Variant - p. 145 7. Chapter 43: Acute Subdural Hematoma - p. 151 8. Chapter 44: Subacute Subdural Hematoma - p. 155 9. Chapter 45: Chronic Subdural Hematoma - p. 159 10. Chapter 46: Traumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage - p. 165 11. Chapter 47: Cerebral Contusion - p. 169 12. Chapter 48: Diffuse Axonal Injury - p. 173 13. Chapter 49: Subcortical Injury - p. 177 14. Chapter 50: Pneumocephalus - p. 181 15. Chapter 51: Abusive Head Trauma - p. 185 16. SECONDARY EFFECTS OF CNS TRAUMA - p. 189 17. Chapter 52: Intracranial Herniation Syndromes - p. 189 18. Chapter 53: Posttraumatic Brain Swelling - p. 193 19. Chapter 54: Traumatic Cerebral Ischemia/Infarction - p. 197 20. Chapter 55: Brain Death - p. 201 21. Chapter 56: Second-Impact Syndrome - p. 203 22. Chapter 57: Traumatic Cerebrovascular Injury - p. 205 23. Chapter 58: Traumatic Carotid Cavernous Fistula - p. 209 24. Chapter 59: Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy - p. 211 25. Chapter 60: Leptomeningeal Cyst (Growing Fracture) - p. 213 26. SECTION 3: SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE AND ANEURYSMS - p. 215 27. Chapter 61: Subarachnoid Hemorrhage and Aneurysms Overview - p. 215 28. SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE - p. 219 29. Chapter 62: Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage - p. 219 30. Chapter 63: Perimesencephalic Nonaneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage - p. 223 31. Chapter 64: Convexal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage - p. 225 32. Chapter 65: Superficial Siderosis, Classical - p. 227 33. Chapter 66: Superficial Siderosis, Cortical - p. 231 34. ANEURSYMS - p. 233 35. Chapter 67: Saccular Aneurysm - p. 233 36. Chapter 68: Pseudoaneurysm - p. 237 37. Chapter 69: Vertebrobasilar Dolichoectasia - p. 239 38. Chapter 70: ASVD Fusiform Aneurysm - p. 241 39. Chapter 71: Non-ASVD Fusiform Aneurysm - p. 243 40. Chapter 72: Blood Blister-Like Aneurysm - p. 245 41. SECTION 4: STROKE - p. 247 42. Chapter 73: Stroke Overview - p. 247 43. NONTRAUMATIC INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGE - p. 257 44. Chapter 74: Evolution of Intracranial Hemorrhage - p. 257 45. Chapter 75: Spontaneous Nontraumatic Intracranial Hemorrhage - p. 261 46. Chapter 76: Hypertensive Intracranial Hemorrhage - p. 265 47. Chapter 77: Remote Cerebellar Hemorrhage - p. 269 48. Chapter 78: Germinal Matrix Hemorrhage - p. 271 49. Chapter 79: Critical Illness-Associated Microbleeds - p. 275 50. ATHEROSCLEROSIS AND CAROTID STENOSIS - p. 277 51. Chapter 80: Intracranial Atherosclerosis - p. 277 52. Chapter 81: Extracranial Atherosclerosis - p. 281 53. Chapter 82: Arteriolosclerosis - p. 285 54. NONATHEROMATOUS VASCULOPATHY - p. 289 55. Chapter 83: Aberrant Internal Carotid Artery - p. 289 56. Chapter 84: Persistent Carotid Basilar Anastomoses - p. 293 57. Chapter 85: Sickle Cell Disease, Brain - p. 295 58. Chapter 86: Moyamoya - p. 299 59. Chapter 87: Primary Arteritis of CNS - p. 303 60. Chapter 88: Miscellaneous Vasculitis - p. 309 61. Chapter 89: Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome - p. 313 62. Chapter 90: Vasospasm - p. 315 63. Chapter 91: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus - p. 319 64. Chapter 92: Cerebral Amyloid Disease - p. 323 65. Chapter 93: Cerebral Amyloid Disease, Inflammatory - p. 327 66. Chapter 94: CADASIL - p. 329 67. Chapter 95: Behçet Disease - p. 333 68. Chapter 96: Susac Syndrome - p. 335 69. Chapter 97: Fibromuscular Dysplasia - p. 337 70. CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA AND INFARCTION - p. 339 71. Chapter 98: Hydranencephaly - p. 339 72. Chapter 99: White Matter Injury of Prematurity - p. 341 73. Chapter 100: Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury - p. 345 74. Chapter 101: Adult Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury - p. 349 75. Chapter 102: Hypotensive Cerebral Infarction - p. 353 76. Chapter 103: Childhood Stroke - p. 359 77. Chapter 104: Cerebral Hemiatrophy - p. 363 78. Chapter 105: Acute Cerebral Ischemia/Infarction - p. 365 79. Chapter 106: Subacute Cerebral Infarction - p. 371 80. Chapter 107: Chronic Cerebral Infarction - p. 375 81. Chapter 108: Multiple Embolic Cerebral Infarctions - p. 379 82. Chapter 109: Fat Emboli Cerebral Infarction - p. 380 83. Chapter 110: Cerebral Embolism, Air - p. 381 84. Chapter 111: Lacunar Infarction - p. 383 85. Chapter 112: Cerebral Hyperperfusion Syndrome - p. 387 86. Chapter 113: Dural Sinus Thrombosis - p. 391 87. Chapter 114: Cortical Venous Thrombosis - p. 397 88. Chapter 115: Deep Cerebral Venous Thrombosis - p. 403 89. Chapter 116: Dural Sinus and Aberrant Arachnoid Granulations - p. 409 90. SECTION 5: VASCULAR MALFORMATIONS - p. 413 91. Chapter 117: Vascular Malformations Overview - p. 413 92. CVMS WITH AV SHUNTING - p. 417 93. Chapter 118: Arteriovenous Malformation - p. 417 94. Chapter 119: Dural AV Fistula - p. 421 95. Chapter 120: Pial AV Fistula - p. 425 96. Chapter 121: Vein of Galen Aneurysmal Malformation - p. 427 97. Chapter 122: Cerebral Proliferative Angiopathy - p. 431 98. CVMS WITHOUT AV SHUNTING - p. 433 99. Chapter 123: Developmental Venous Anomaly - p. 433 100. Chapter 124: Sinus Pericranii - p. 439 101. Chapter 125: Cavernous Malformation - p. 443 102. Chapter 126: Capillary Telangiectasia - p. 449 103. SECTION 6: NEOPLASMS - p. 453 104. Chapter 127: Neoplasms Overview - p. 453 105. ASTROCYTIC TUMORS, INFILTRATING - p. 457 106. Chapter 128: Diffuse Astrocytoma - p. 457 107. Chapter 129: Anaplastic Astrocytoma - p. 461 108. Chapter 130: Glioblastoma - p. 465 109. Chapter 131: Gliosarcoma - p. 469 110. Chapter 132: Gliomatosis Cerebri Imaging Pattern - p. 471 111. Chapter 133: Diffuse Midline Glioma, H3K27M-Mutant - p. 475 112. ASTROCYTIC TUMORS, LOCALIZED - p. 477 113. Chapter 134: Pilocytic Astrocytoma - p. 477 114. Chapter 135: Pilomyxoid Astrocytoma - p. 481 115. Chapter 136: Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma - p. 485 116. Chapter 137: Anaplastic Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma - p. 489 117. Chapter 138: Subependymal Giant Cell Astrocytoma - p. 491 118. OLIGODENDROGLIAL AND MISCELLANEOUS TUMORS - p. 495 119. Chapter 139: Oligodendroglioma, IDH Mutant and 1p/19q Codeleted - p. 495 120. Chapter 140: Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma, IDH Mutant and 1p/19q Codeleted - p. 499 121. Chapter 141: Astroblastoma - p. 503 122. Chapter 142: Chordoid Glioma of 3rd Ventricle - p. 505 123. Chapter 143: Angiocentric Glioma - p. 507 124. EPENDYMAL TUMORS - p. 509 125. Chapter 144: Subependymoma - p. 509 126. Chapter 145: Ependymoma - p. 513 127. Chapter 146: Ependymoma, RELA Fusion-Positive - p. 517 128. CHOROID PLEXUS TUMORS - p. 519 129. Chapter 147: Choroid Plexus Papilloma - p. 519 130. Chapter 148: Atypical Choroid Plexus Papilloma - p. 523 131. Chapter 149: Choroid Plexus Carcinoma - p. 525 132. NEURONAL AND MIXED NEURONAL-GLIAL TUMORS - p. 529 133. Chapter 150: Ganglioglioma - p. 529 134. Chapter 151: Desmoplastic Infantile Tumors - p. 533 135. Chapter 152: DNET - p. 537 136. Chapter 153: Central Neurocytoma - p. 541 137. Chapter 154: Extraventricular Neurocytoma - p. 545 138. Chapter 155: Cerebellar Liponeurocytoma - p. 547 139. Chapter 156: Papillary Glioneuronal Tumor - p. 548 140. Chapter 157: Rosette-Forming Glioneuronal Tumor - p. 549 141. Chapter 158: Multinodular and Vacuolating Tumor of Cerebrum - p. 551 142. Chapter 159: Diffuse Leptomeningeal Glioneuronal Tumor - p. 553 143. Chapter 160: Cerebellar Dysplastic Gangliocytoma - p. 555 144. Chapter 161: PLNTY - p. 559 145. PINEAL PARENCHYMAL TUMORS - p. 561 146. Chapter 162: Pineocytoma - p. 561 147. Chapter 163: Pineal Parenchymal Tumor of Intermediate Differentiation - p. 565 148. Chapter 164: Pineoblastoma - p. 567 149. Chapter 165: Papillary Tumor of Pineal Region - p. 571 150. EMBRYONAL AND NEUROBLASTIC TUMORS - p. 573 151. Chapter 166: Medulloblastoma - p. 573 152. Chapter 167: Other Embryonal Tumors - p. 579 153. Chapter 168: Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor - p. 583 154. Chapter 169: Metastatic Neuroblastoma - p. 587 155. TUMORS OF CRANIAL/PERIPHERAL NERVES - p. 591 156. Chapter 170: Vestibular Schwannoma - p. 591 157. Chapter 171: Nonvestibular Schwannoma - p. 595 158. Chapter 172: Neurofibroma - p. 599 159. BLOOD VESSEL AND HEMOPOIETIC TUMORS - p. 601 160. Chapter 173: Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma - p. 601 161. Chapter 174: Immunodeficiency-Associated CNS Lymphoma - p. 605 162. Chapter 175: Intravascular (Angiocentric) Lymphoma - p. 609 163. Chapter 176: Leukemia - p. 613 164. Chapter 177: Hemangioblastoma - p. 617 165. HISTIOCYTIC TUMORS - p. 621 166. Chapter 178: Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis, Skull and Brain - p. 621 167. Chapter 179: Erdheim-Chester Disease - p. 625 168. Chapter 180: Rosai-Dorfman Disease - p. 627 169. Chapter 181: Miscellaneous Histiocytoses - p. 629 170. GERM CELL TUMORS - p. 631 171. Chapter 182: Germinoma - p. 631 172. Chapter 183: Teratoma - p. 637 173. Chapter 184: Miscellaneous Malignant Germ Cell Neoplasms - p. 641 174. METASTATIC TUMORS - p. 645 175. Chapter 185: Parenchymal Metastases - p. 645 176. Chapter 186: Miscellaneous Intracranial Metastases - p. 649 177. Chapter 187: Metastatic Intracranial Lymphoma - p. 651 178. TUMOR-LIKE CONDITIONS - p. 653 179. Chapter 188: Ecchordosis Physaliphora - p. 653 180. Chapter 189: Calcifying Pseudoneoplasm of Neuraxis (CAPNON) - p. 655 181. Chapter 190: Lipoma - p. 657 182. SECTION 7: PRIMARY NONNEOPLASTIC CYSTS - p. 661 183. Chapter 191: Primary Nonneoplastic Cysts Overview - p. 661 184. Chapter 192: Arachnoid Cyst - p. 667 185. Chapter 193: Colloid Cyst - p. 673 186. Chapter 194: Dermoid Cyst - p. 677 187. Chapter 195: Epidermoid Cyst - p. 681 188. Chapter 196: Neuroglial Cyst - p. 685 189. Chapter 197: Periventricular Cyst - p. 687 190. Chapter 198: Choroid Fissure Cyst - p. 691 191. Chapter 199: Hippocampal Sulcus Remnant Cysts - p. 692 192. Chapter 200: Enlarged Perivascular Spaces - p. 693 193. Chapter 201: Pineal Cyst - p. 697 194. Chapter 202: Choroid Plexus Cyst - p. 701 195. Chapter 203: Ependymal Cyst - p. 705 196. Chapter 204: Porencephalic Cyst - p. 707 197. Chapter 205: Neurenteric Cyst - p. 711 198. Chapter 206: Nonneoplastic Tumor-Associated Cysts - p. 713 199. SECTION 8: INFECTIOUS, INFLAMMATORY, AND DEMYELINATING DISEASE - p. 715 200. Chapter 207: CNS Infectious Disease Overview - p. 715 201. CONGENITAL/NEONATAL INFECTIONS - p. 719 202. Chapter 208: TORCH Infections, Overview - p. 719 203. Chapter 209: Congenital CMV - p. 723 204. Chapter 210: Congenital HIV - p. 727 205. Chapter 211: Neonatal Herpes Encephalitis - p. 729 206. ACQUIRED INFECTIONS - p. 731 207. Chapter 212: Group B Streptococcal Meningitis - p. 731 208. Chapter 213: Citrobacter Meningitis - p. 735 209. Chapter 214: Meningitis - p. 739 210. Chapter 215: Abscess - p. 743 211. Chapter 216: Ventriculitis - p. 747 212. Chapter 217: Empyema - p. 749 213. Chapter 218: Herpes Encephalitis - p. 753 214. Chapter 219: Miscellaneous Encephalitis - p. 757 215. Chapter 220: West Nile Virus Encephalitis - p. 761 216. Chapter 221: HHV-6 Encephalitis - p. 763 217. Chapter 222: Cerebellitis - p. 765 218. Chapter 223: Rasmussen Encephalitis - p. 767 219. Chapter 224: Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis - p. 771 220. Chapter 225: Tuberculosis - p. 773 221. Chapter 226: Neurocysticercosis - p. 777 222. Chapter 227: Hydatid Disease - p. 781 223. Chapter 228: Amebiasis - p. 783 224. Chapter 229: Cerebral Malaria - p. 785 225. Chapter 230: Miscellaneous Parasites - p. 787 226. Chapter 231: Fungal Diseases - p. 791 227. Chapter 232: Rickettsial Diseases - p. 795 228. Chapter 233: Lyme Disease - p. 797 229. Chapter 234: Acquired HIV Encephalitis - p. 799 230. Chapter 235: Acquired Toxoplasmosis - p. 803 231. Chapter 236: Acquired CMV - p. 805 232. Chapter 237: Cryptococcosis - p. 807 233. Chapter 238: Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) - p. 809 234. Chapter 239: Miscellaneous JC Virus Infection - p. 811 235. Chapter 240: Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS) - p. 813 236. Chapter 241: HIV/AIDS, Miscellaneous Manifestations - p. 815 237. Chapter 242: Zika Virus Infection - p. 819 238. Chapter 243: Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers - p. 821 239. INFLAMMATORY AND DEMYELINATING DISEASE - p. 825 240. Chapter 244: Multiple Sclerosis - p. 825 241. Chapter 245: ADEM - p. 829 242. Chapter 246: AHLE - p. 833 243. Chapter 247: Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders - p. 835 244. Chapter 248: Autoimmune Encephalitis - p. 839 245. Chapter 249: Guillain-Barré Spectrum Disorders - p. 843 246. Chapter 250: CIDP - p. 845 247. Chapter 251: CLIPPERS - p. 847 248. SECTION 9: INHERITED METABOLIC/DEGENERATIVE DISORDERS - p. 849 249. Chapter 252: Approach to Normal Brain Development and Metabolic Disorders - p. 849 250. NORMAL VARIANTS - p. 857 251. Chapter 253: Hypomyelination - p. 857 252. Chapter 254: Mitochondrial Encephalopathies - p. 861 253. MITOCHONDRIAL DISORDERS - p. 865 254. Chapter 255: Mucopolysaccharidoses - p. 865 255. LYSOSOMAL DISORDERS - p. 869 256. Chapter 256: Gangliosidosis (GM2) - p. 869 257. Chapter 257: Metachromatic Leukodystrophy - p. 873 258. Chapter 258: Globoid Cell Leukodystrophy - p. 877 259. Chapter 259: Fabry Disease - p. 881 260. PEROXISOMAL DISORDERS - p. 883 261. Chapter 260: Zellweger Syndrome and Peroxisomal Biogenesis Disorders - p. 883 262. Chapter 261: X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy - p. 885 263. ORGANIC AND AMINOACIDOPATHIES - p. 889 264. Chapter 262: Maple Syrup Urine Disease - p. 889 265. Chapter 263: Urea Cycle Disorders - p. 893 266. Chapter 264: Glutaric Aciduria Type 1 - p. 895 267. Chapter 265: Canavan Disease - p. 899 268. Chapter 266: Alexander Disease - p. 901 269. Chapter 267: Miscellaneous Organic/Aminoacidopathies - p. 905 270. MISCELLANEOUS - p. 909 271. Chapter 268: Megalencephaly With Leukoencephalopathy and Cysts - p. 909 272. Chapter 269: Neurodegeneration With Brain Iron Accumulation (NBIA) - p. 913 273. Chapter 270: PKAN - p. 917 274. Chapter 271: Huntington Disease - p. 921 275. Chapter 272: Wilson Disease - p. 925 276. SECTION 10: ACQUIRED TOXIC/METABOLIC/DEGENERATIVE DISORDERS - p. 929 277. Chapter 273: Acquired Toxic/Metabolic Disorders Overview - p. 929 278. TOXIC, METABOLIC, NUTRITIONAL, SYSTEMIC DISEASES WITH CNS MANIFESTATIONS - p. 935 279. Chapter 274: Pediatric Hypoglycemia - p. 935 280. Chapter 275: Adult Hypoglycemia - p. 939 281. Chapter 276: Hyperglycemia - p. 941 282. Chapter 277: Kernicterus - p. 945 283. Chapter 278: Thyroid Disorders - p. 947 284. Chapter 279: Parathyroid Disorders - p. 951 285. Chapter 280: Fahr Disease - p. 953 286. Chapter 281: Alcoholic Encephalopathy - p. 957 287. Chapter 282: Hepatic Encephalopathy - p. 961 288. Chapter 283: Uremic Encephalopathy - p. 965 289. Chapter 284: Hyperthermic Encephalopathy (Heatstroke) - p. 967 290. Chapter 285: Acute Hypertensive Encephalopathy, PRES - p. 969 291. Chapter 286: Chronic Hypertensive Encephalopathy - p. 973 292. Chapter 287: Carbon Monoxide Poisoning - p. 977 293. Chapter 288: Drug Abuse - p. 981 294. Chapter 289: Methanol Poisoning - p. 985 295. Chapter 290: Cyanide Poisoning - p. 987 296. Chapter 291: Metronidazole Toxicity - p. 989 297. Chapter 292: Gadolinium Deposition - p. 991 298. Chapter 293: Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome - p. 993 299. Chapter 294: Radiation and Chemotherapy - p. 997 300. Chapter 295: Pseudoprogression - p. 1001 301. Chapter 296: Pseudoresponse - p. 1003 302. Chapter 297: Mesial Temporal Sclerosis - p. 1005 303. Chapter 298: Status Epilepticus - p. 1009 304. Chapter 299: Transient Global Amnesia (TGA) - p. 1013 305. DEMENTIAS AND DEGENERATIVE DISORDERS - p. 1015 306. Chapter 300: Normal Aging Brain - p. 1015 307. Chapter 301: Alzheimer Disease - p. 1019 308. Chapter 302: Vascular Dementia - p. 1023 309. Chapter 303: Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration - p. 1027 310. Chapter 304: Dementia With Lewy Bodies - p. 1031 311. Chapter 305: Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) - p. 1033 312. Chapter 306: Parkinson Disease - p. 1037 313. Chapter 307: Multiple System Atrophy - p. 1041 314. Chapter 308: Corticobasal Degeneration - p. 1045 315. Chapter 309: Progressive Supranuclear Palsy - p. 1049 316. Chapter 310: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) - p. 1053 317. Chapter 311: Wallerian Degeneration - p. 1057 318. Chapter 312: Crossed Cerebellar Diaschisis - p. 1061 319. Chapter 313: Hypertrophic Olivary Degeneration - p. 1063 320. Chapter 314: Spinocerebellar Ataxia - p. 1067 321. Chapter 315: Fragile X-Associated Tremor/Ataxia (FXTAS) - p. 1071 322. Part II: Anatomy-Based Diagnoses - p. 1073 323. SECTION 1: VENTRICLES AND CISTERNS - p. 1073 324. Chapter 316: Ventricles and Cisterns Overview - p. 1073 325. NORMAL VARIANTS - p. 1081 326. Chapter 317: Cavum Septi Pellucidi (CSP) - p. 1081 327. Chapter 318: Cavum Velum Interpositum (CVI) - p. 1082 328. Chapter 319: Benign Enlarged Subarachnoid Spaces - p. 1083 329. HYDROCEPHALUS - p. 1087 330. Chapter 320: Intraventricular Obstructive Hydrocephalus - p. 1087 331. Chapter 321: Extraventricular Obstructive Hydrocephalus - p. 1091 332. Chapter 322: Aqueductal Stenosis - p. 1093 333. Chapter 323: Normal-Pressure Hydrocephalus - p. 1097 334. Chapter 324: CSF Shunts and Complications - p. 1101 335. Chapter 325: Corpus Callosum Impingement Syndrome - p. 1105 336. CSF DISORDERS - p. 1107 337. Chapter 326: Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension - p. 1107 338. Chapter 327: Intracranial Hypotension - p. 1111 339. SECTION 2: SELLA AND PITUITARY - p. 1115 340. Chapter 328: Sella and Pituitary Overview - p. 1115 341. CONGENITAL - p. 1121 342. Chapter 329: Pituitary Anomalies - p. 1121 343. Chapter 330: Hypothalamic Hamartoma - p. 1125 344. Chapter 331: Rathke Cleft Cyst - p. 1129 345. NEOPLASMS - p. 1133 346. Chapter 332: Pituitary Microadenoma - p. 1133 347. Chapter 333: Pituitary Macroadenoma - p. 1137 348. Chapter 334: Pituitary Apoplexy - p. 1141 349. Chapter 335: Craniopharyngioma - p. 1145 350. Chapter 336: Pituicytoma - p. 1149 351. Chapter 337: Spindle Cell Oncocytoma - p. 1151 352. Chapter 338: Granular Cell Tumor - p. 1152 353. MISCELLANEOUS - p. 1153 354. Chapter 339: Empty Sella - p. 1153 355. Chapter 340: Pituitary Hyperplasia - p. 1157 356. Chapter 341: Lymphocytic Hypophysitis - p. 1159 357. SECTION 3: SKULL, SCALP, AND MENINGES - p. 1161 358. Chapter 342: Skull, Scalp, and Meninges Overview - p. 1161 359. CONGENITAL - p. 1167 360. Chapter 343: Congenital Calvarial Defects - p. 1167 361. Chapter 344: Craniosynostoses - p. 1171 362. Chapter 345: Cephalocele - p. 1175 363. Chapter 346: Atretic Cephalocele - p. 1177 364. NONNEOPLASTIC AND TUMOR-LIKE DISORDERS - p. 1181 365. Chapter 347: Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor - p. 1181 366. Chapter 348: IgG4-Related Disease - p. 1183 367. Chapter 349: Fibrous Dysplasia - p. 1185 368. Chapter 350: Paget Disease - p. 1189 369. Chapter 351: Extramedullary Hematopoiesis - p. 1193 370. Chapter 352: Thick Skull - p. 1197 371. Chapter 353: Neurosarcoid - p. 1199 372. Chapter 354: Sebaceous Cyst - p. 1205 373. NEOPLASMS - p. 1207 374. Chapter 355: Meningioma - p. 1207 375. Chapter 356: Atypical and Malignant Meningioma - p. 1213 376. Chapter 357: Solitary Fibrous Tumor/Hemangiopericytoma - p. 1217 377. Chapter 358: Miscellaneous Benign Mesenchymal Tumors - p. 1221 378. Chapter 359: Miscellaneous Malignant Mesenchymal Tumors - p. 1225 379. Chapter 360: Calvarial Hemangioma - p. 1229 380. Chapter 361: Dura/Venous Sinuses Hemangioma - p. 1233 381. Chapter 362: Myeloma - p. 1235 382. Chapter 363: Skull and Meningeal Metastases - p. 1239 383. INDEX - p. 1243
Covering the entire spectrum of this fast-changing field, Diagnostic Imaging: Brain, fourth edition, is an invaluable resource for neuroradiologists, general radiologists, and trainees—anyone who requires an easily accessible, highly visual reference on today’s neuroimaging of both common and rare conditions. World-renowned authorities provide updated information on more than 300 diagnoses, all lavishly illustrated, delineated, and referenced, making this edition a useful learning tool as well as a handy reference for daily practice.
1. Chapter 38: Introduction to CNS Imaging, Trauma - p. 125 2. PRIMARY EFFECTS OF CNS TRAUMA - p. 133 3. Chapter 39: Scalp and Skull Injuries - p. 133 4. Chapter 40: Missile and Penetrating Injury - p. 137 5. Chapter 41: Epidural Hematoma, Classic - p. 141 6. Chapter 42: Epidural Hematoma, Variant - p. 145 7. Chapter 43: Acute Subdural Hematoma - p. 151 8. Chapter 44: Subacute Subdural Hematoma - p. 155 9. Chapter 45: Chronic Subdural Hematoma - p. 159 10. Chapter 46: Traumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage - p. 165 11. Chapter 47: Cerebral Contusion - p. 169 12. Chapter 48: Diffuse Axonal Injury - p. 173 13. Chapter 49: Subcortical Injury - p. 177 14. Chapter 50: Pneumocephalus - p. 181 15. Chapter 51: Abusive Head Trauma - p. 185 16. SECONDARY EFFECTS OF CNS TRAUMA - p. 189 17. Chapter 52: Intracranial Herniation Syndromes - p. 189 18. Chapter 53: Posttraumatic Brain Swelling - p. 193 19. Chapter 54: Traumatic Cerebral Ischemia/Infarction - p. 197 20. Chapter 55: Brain Death - p. 201 21. Chapter 56: Second-Impact Syndrome - p. 203 22. Chapter 57: Traumatic Cerebrovascular Injury - p. 205 23. Chapter 58: Traumatic Carotid Cavernous Fistula - p. 209 24. Chapter 59: Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy - p. 211 25. Chapter 60: Leptomeningeal Cyst (Growing Fracture) - p. 213 26. SECTION 3: SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE AND ANEURYSMS - p. 215 27. Chapter 61: Subarachnoid Hemorrhage and Aneurysms Overview - p. 215 28. SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE - p. 219 29. Chapter 62: Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage - p. 219 30. Chapter 63: Perimesencephalic Nonaneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage - p. 223 31. Chapter 64: Convexal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage - p. 225 32. Chapter 65: Superficial Siderosis, Classical - p. 227 33. Chapter 66: Superficial Siderosis, Cortical - p. 231 34. ANEURSYMS - p. 233 35. Chapter 67: Saccular Aneurysm - p. 233 36. Chapter 68: Pseudoaneurysm - p. 237 37. Chapter 69: Vertebrobasilar Dolichoectasia - p. 239 38. Chapter 70: ASVD Fusiform Aneurysm - p. 241 39. Chapter 71: Non-ASVD Fusiform Aneurysm - p. 243 40. Chapter 72: Blood Blister-Like Aneurysm - p. 245 41. SECTION 4: STROKE - p. 247 42. Chapter 73: Stroke Overview - p. 247 43. NONTRAUMATIC INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGE - p. 257 44. Chapter 74: Evolution of Intracranial Hemorrhage - p. 257 45. Chapter 75: Spontaneous Nontraumatic Intracranial Hemorrhage - p. 261 46. Chapter 76: Hypertensive Intracranial Hemorrhage - p. 265 47. Chapter 77: Remote Cerebellar Hemorrhage - p. 269 48. Chapter 78: Germinal Matrix Hemorrhage - p. 271 49. Chapter 79: Critical Illness-Associated Microbleeds - p. 275 50. ATHEROSCLEROSIS AND CAROTID STENOSIS - p. 277 51. Chapter 80: Intracranial Atherosclerosis - p. 277 52. Chapter 81: Extracranial Atherosclerosis - p. 281 53. Chapter 82: Arteriolosclerosis - p. 285 54. NONATHEROMATOUS VASCULOPATHY - p. 289 55. Chapter 83: Aberrant Internal Carotid Artery - p. 289 56. Chapter 84: Persistent Carotid Basilar Anastomoses - p. 293 57. Chapter 85: Sickle Cell Disease, Brain - p. 295 58. Chapter 86: Moyamoya - p. 299 59. Chapter 87: Primary Arteritis of CNS - p. 303 60. Chapter 88: Miscellaneous Vasculitis - p. 309 61. Chapter 89: Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome - p. 313 62. Chapter 90: Vasospasm - p. 315 63. Chapter 91: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus - p. 319 64. Chapter 92: Cerebral Amyloid Disease - p. 323 65. Chapter 93: Cerebral Amyloid Disease, Inflammatory - p. 327 66. Chapter 94: CADASIL - p. 329 67. Chapter 95: Behçet Disease - p. 333 68. Chapter 96: Susac Syndrome - p. 335 69. Chapter 97: Fibromuscular Dysplasia - p. 337 70. CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA AND INFARCTION - p. 339 71. Chapter 98: Hydranencephaly - p. 339 72. Chapter 99: White Matter Injury of Prematurity - p. 341 73. Chapter 100: Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury - p. 345 74. Chapter 101: Adult Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury - p. 349 75. Chapter 102: Hypotensive Cerebral Infarction - p. 353 76. Chapter 103: Childhood Stroke - p. 359 77. Chapter 104: Cerebral Hemiatrophy - p. 363 78. Chapter 105: Acute Cerebral Ischemia/Infarction - p. 365 79. Chapter 106: Subacute Cerebral Infarction - p. 371 80. Chapter 107: Chronic Cerebral Infarction - p. 375 81. Chapter 108: Multiple Embolic Cerebral Infarctions - p. 379 82. Chapter 109: Fat Emboli Cerebral Infarction - p. 380 83. Chapter 110: Cerebral Embolism, Air - p. 381 84. Chapter 111: Lacunar Infarction - p. 383 85. Chapter 112: Cerebral Hyperperfusion Syndrome - p. 387 86. Chapter 113: Dural Sinus Thrombosis - p. 391 87. Chapter 114: Cortical Venous Thrombosis - p. 397 88. Chapter 115: Deep Cerebral Venous Thrombosis - p. 403 89. Chapter 116: Dural Sinus and Aberrant Arachnoid Granulations - p. 409 90. SECTION 5: VASCULAR MALFORMATIONS - p. 413 91. Chapter 117: Vascular Malformations Overview - p. 413 92. CVMS WITH AV SHUNTING - p. 417 93. Chapter 118: Arteriovenous Malformation - p. 417 94. Chapter 119: Dural AV Fistula - p. 421 95. Chapter 120: Pial AV Fistula - p. 425 96. Chapter 121: Vein of Galen Aneurysmal Malformation - p. 427 97. Chapter 122: Cerebral Proliferative Angiopathy - p. 431 98. CVMS WITHOUT AV SHUNTING - p. 433 99. Chapter 123: Developmental Venous Anomaly - p. 433 100. Chapter 124: Sinus Pericranii - p. 439 101. Chapter 125: Cavernous Malformation - p. 443 102. Chapter 126: Capillary Telangiectasia - p. 449 103. SECTION 6: NEOPLASMS - p. 453 104. Chapter 127: Neoplasms Overview - p. 453 105. ASTROCYTIC TUMORS, INFILTRATING - p. 457 106. Chapter 128: Diffuse Astrocytoma - p. 457 107. Chapter 129: Anaplastic Astrocytoma - p. 461 108. Chapter 130: Glioblastoma - p. 465 109. Chapter 131: Gliosarcoma - p. 469 110. Chapter 132: Gliomatosis Cerebri Imaging Pattern - p. 471 111. Chapter 133: Diffuse Midline Glioma, H3K27M-Mutant - p. 475 112. ASTROCYTIC TUMORS, LOCALIZED - p. 477 113. Chapter 134: Pilocytic Astrocytoma - p. 477 114. Chapter 135: Pilomyxoid Astrocytoma - p. 481 115. Chapter 136: Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma - p. 485 116. Chapter 137: Anaplastic Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytoma - p. 489 117. Chapter 138: Subependymal Giant Cell Astrocytoma - p. 491 118. OLIGODENDROGLIAL AND MISCELLANEOUS TUMORS - p. 495 119. Chapter 139: Oligodendroglioma, IDH Mutant and 1p/19q Codeleted - p. 495 120. Chapter 140: Anaplastic Oligodendroglioma, IDH Mutant and 1p/19q Codeleted - p. 499 121. Chapter 141: Astroblastoma - p. 503 122. Chapter 142: Chordoid Glioma of 3rd Ventricle - p. 505 123. Chapter 143: Angiocentric Glioma - p. 507 124. EPENDYMAL TUMORS - p. 509 125. Chapter 144: Subependymoma - p. 509 126. Chapter 145: Ependymoma - p. 513 127. Chapter 146: Ependymoma, RELA Fusion-Positive - p. 517 128. CHOROID PLEXUS TUMORS - p. 519 129. Chapter 147: Choroid Plexus Papilloma - p. 519 130. Chapter 148: Atypical Choroid Plexus Papilloma - p. 523 131. Chapter 149: Choroid Plexus Carcinoma - p. 525 132. NEURONAL AND MIXED NEURONAL-GLIAL TUMORS - p. 529 133. Chapter 150: Ganglioglioma - p. 529 134. Chapter 151: Desmoplastic Infantile Tumors - p. 533 135. Chapter 152: DNET - p. 537 136. Chapter 153: Central Neurocytoma - p. 541 137. Chapter 154: Extraventricular Neurocytoma - p. 545 138. Chapter 155: Cerebellar Liponeurocytoma - p. 547 139. Chapter 156: Papillary Glioneuronal Tumor - p. 548 140. Chapter 157: Rosette-Forming Glioneuronal Tumor - p. 549 141. Chapter 158: Multinodular and Vacuolating Tumor of Cerebrum - p. 551 142. Chapter 159: Diffuse Leptomeningeal Glioneuronal Tumor - p. 553 143. Chapter 160: Cerebellar Dysplastic Gangliocytoma - p. 555 144. Chapter 161: PLNTY - p. 559 145. PINEAL PARENCHYMAL TUMORS - p. 561 146. Chapter 162: Pineocytoma - p. 561 147. Chapter 163: Pineal Parenchymal Tumor of Intermediate Differentiation - p. 565 148. Chapter 164: Pineoblastoma - p. 567 149. Chapter 165: Papillary Tumor of Pineal Region - p. 571 150. EMBRYONAL AND NEUROBLASTIC TUMORS - p. 573 151. Chapter 166: Medulloblastoma - p. 573 152. Chapter 167: Other Embryonal Tumors - p. 579 153. Chapter 168: Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumor - p. 583 154. Chapter 169: Metastatic Neuroblastoma - p. 587 155. TUMORS OF CRANIAL/PERIPHERAL NERVES - p. 591 156. Chapter 170: Vestibular Schwannoma - p. 591 157. Chapter 171: Nonvestibular Schwannoma - p. 595 158. Chapter 172: Neurofibroma - p. 599 159. BLOOD VESSEL AND HEMOPOIETIC TUMORS - p. 601 160. Chapter 173: Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma - p. 601 161. Chapter 174: Immunodeficiency-Associated CNS Lymphoma - p. 605 162. Chapter 175: Intravascular (Angiocentric) Lymphoma - p. 609 163. Chapter 176: Leukemia - p. 613 164. Chapter 177: Hemangioblastoma - p. 617 165. HISTIOCYTIC TUMORS - p. 621 166. Chapter 178: Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis, Skull and Brain - p. 621 167. Chapter 179: Erdheim-Chester Disease - p. 625 168. Chapter 180: Rosai-Dorfman Disease - p. 627 169. Chapter 181: Miscellaneous Histiocytoses - p. 629 170. GERM CELL TUMORS - p. 631 171. Chapter 182: Germinoma - p. 631 172. Chapter 183: Teratoma - p. 637 173. Chapter 184: Miscellaneous Malignant Germ Cell Neoplasms - p. 641 174. METASTATIC TUMORS - p. 645 175. Chapter 185: Parenchymal Metastases - p. 645 176. Chapter 186: Miscellaneous Intracranial Metastases - p. 649 177. Chapter 187: Metastatic Intracranial Lymphoma - p. 651 178. TUMOR-LIKE CONDITIONS - p. 653 179. Chapter 188: Ecchordosis Physaliphora - p. 653 180. Chapter 189: Calcifying Pseudoneoplasm of Neuraxis (CAPNON) - p. 655 181. Chapter 190: Lipoma - p. 657 182. SECTION 7: PRIMARY NONNEOPLASTIC CYSTS - p. 661 183. Chapter 191: Primary Nonneoplastic Cysts Overview - p. 661 184. Chapter 192: Arachnoid Cyst - p. 667 185. Chapter 193: Colloid Cyst - p. 673 186. Chapter 194: Dermoid Cyst - p. 677 187. Chapter 195: Epidermoid Cyst - p. 681 188. Chapter 196: Neuroglial Cyst - p. 685 189. Chapter 197: Periventricular Cyst - p. 687 190. Chapter 198: Choroid Fissure Cyst - p. 691 191. Chapter 199: Hippocampal Sulcus Remnant Cysts - p. 692 192. Chapter 200: Enlarged Perivascular Spaces - p. 693 193. Chapter 201: Pineal Cyst - p. 697 194. Chapter 202: Choroid Plexus Cyst - p. 701 195. Chapter 203: Ependymal Cyst - p. 705 196. Chapter 204: Porencephalic Cyst - p. 707 197. Chapter 205: Neurenteric Cyst - p. 711 198. Chapter 206: Nonneoplastic Tumor-Associated Cysts - p. 713 199. SECTION 8: INFECTIOUS, INFLAMMATORY, AND DEMYELINATING DISEASE - p. 715 200. Chapter 207: CNS Infectious Disease Overview - p. 715 201. CONGENITAL/NEONATAL INFECTIONS - p. 719 202. Chapter 208: TORCH Infections, Overview - p. 719 203. Chapter 209: Congenital CMV - p. 723 204. Chapter 210: Congenital HIV - p. 727 205. Chapter 211: Neonatal Herpes Encephalitis - p. 729 206. ACQUIRED INFECTIONS - p. 731 207. Chapter 212: Group B Streptococcal Meningitis - p. 731 208. Chapter 213: Citrobacter Meningitis - p. 735 209. Chapter 214: Meningitis - p. 739 210. Chapter 215: Abscess - p. 743 211. Chapter 216: Ventriculitis - p. 747 212. Chapter 217: Empyema - p. 749 213. Chapter 218: Herpes Encephalitis - p. 753 214. Chapter 219: Miscellaneous Encephalitis - p. 757 215. Chapter 220: West Nile Virus Encephalitis - p. 761 216. Chapter 221: HHV-6 Encephalitis - p. 763 217. Chapter 222: Cerebellitis - p. 765 218. Chapter 223: Rasmussen Encephalitis - p. 767 219. Chapter 224: Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis - p. 771 220. Chapter 225: Tuberculosis - p. 773 221. Chapter 226: Neurocysticercosis - p. 777 222. Chapter 227: Hydatid Disease - p. 781 223. Chapter 228: Amebiasis - p. 783 224. Chapter 229: Cerebral Malaria - p. 785 225. Chapter 230: Miscellaneous Parasites - p. 787 226. Chapter 231: Fungal Diseases - p. 791 227. Chapter 232: Rickettsial Diseases - p. 795 228. Chapter 233: Lyme Disease - p. 797 229. Chapter 234: Acquired HIV Encephalitis - p. 799 230. Chapter 235: Acquired Toxoplasmosis - p. 803 231. Chapter 236: Acquired CMV - p. 805 232. Chapter 237: Cryptococcosis - p. 807 233. Chapter 238: Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) - p. 809 234. Chapter 239: Miscellaneous JC Virus Infection - p. 811 235. Chapter 240: Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS) - p. 813 236. Chapter 241: HIV/AIDS, Miscellaneous Manifestations - p. 815 237. Chapter 242: Zika Virus Infection - p. 819 238. Chapter 243: Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers - p. 821 239. INFLAMMATORY AND DEMYELINATING DISEASE - p. 825 240. Chapter 244: Multiple Sclerosis - p. 825 241. Chapter 245: ADEM - p. 829 242. Chapter 246: AHLE - p. 833 243. Chapter 247: Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders - p. 835 244. Chapter 248: Autoimmune Encephalitis - p. 839 245. Chapter 249: Guillain-Barré Spectrum Disorders - p. 843 246. Chapter 250: CIDP - p. 845 247. Chapter 251: CLIPPERS - p. 847 248. SECTION 9: INHERITED METABOLIC/DEGENERATIVE DISORDERS - p. 849 249. Chapter 252: Approach to Normal Brain Development and Metabolic Disorders - p. 849 250. NORMAL VARIANTS - p. 857 251. Chapter 253: Hypomyelination - p. 857 252. Chapter 254: Mitochondrial Encephalopathies - p. 861 253. MITOCHONDRIAL DISORDERS - p. 865 254. Chapter 255: Mucopolysaccharidoses - p. 865 255. LYSOSOMAL DISORDERS - p. 869 256. Chapter 256: Gangliosidosis (GM2) - p. 869 257. Chapter 257: Metachromatic Leukodystrophy - p. 873 258. Chapter 258: Globoid Cell Leukodystrophy - p. 877 259. Chapter 259: Fabry Disease - p. 881 260. PEROXISOMAL DISORDERS - p. 883 261. Chapter 260: Zellweger Syndrome and Peroxisomal Biogenesis Disorders - p. 883 262. Chapter 261: X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy - p. 885 263. ORGANIC AND AMINOACIDOPATHIES - p. 889 264. Chapter 262: Maple Syrup Urine Disease - p. 889 265. Chapter 263: Urea Cycle Disorders - p. 893 266. Chapter 264: Glutaric Aciduria Type 1 - p. 895 267. Chapter 265: Canavan Disease - p. 899 268. Chapter 266: Alexander Disease - p. 901 269. Chapter 267: Miscellaneous Organic/Aminoacidopathies - p. 905 270. MISCELLANEOUS - p. 909 271. Chapter 268: Megalencephaly With Leukoencephalopathy and Cysts - p. 909 272. Chapter 269: Neurodegeneration With Brain Iron Accumulation (NBIA) - p. 913 273. Chapter 270: PKAN - p. 917 274. Chapter 271: Huntington Disease - p. 921 275. Chapter 272: Wilson Disease - p. 925 276. SECTION 10: ACQUIRED TOXIC/METABOLIC/DEGENERATIVE DISORDERS - p. 929 277. Chapter 273: Acquired Toxic/Metabolic Disorders Overview - p. 929 278. TOXIC, METABOLIC, NUTRITIONAL, SYSTEMIC DISEASES WITH CNS MANIFESTATIONS - p. 935 279. Chapter 274: Pediatric Hypoglycemia - p. 935 280. Chapter 275: Adult Hypoglycemia - p. 939 281. Chapter 276: Hyperglycemia - p. 941 282. Chapter 277: Kernicterus - p. 945 283. Chapter 278: Thyroid Disorders - p. 947 284. Chapter 279: Parathyroid Disorders - p. 951 285. Chapter 280: Fahr Disease - p. 953 286. Chapter 281: Alcoholic Encephalopathy - p. 957 287. Chapter 282: Hepatic Encephalopathy - p. 961 288. Chapter 283: Uremic Encephalopathy - p. 965 289. Chapter 284: Hyperthermic Encephalopathy (Heatstroke) - p. 967 290. Chapter 285: Acute Hypertensive Encephalopathy, PRES - p. 969 291. Chapter 286: Chronic Hypertensive Encephalopathy - p. 973 292. Chapter 287: Carbon Monoxide Poisoning - p. 977 293. Chapter 288: Drug Abuse - p. 981 294. Chapter 289: Methanol Poisoning - p. 985 295. Chapter 290: Cyanide Poisoning - p. 987 296. Chapter 291: Metronidazole Toxicity - p. 989 297. Chapter 292: Gadolinium Deposition - p. 991 298. Chapter 293: Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome - p. 993 299. Chapter 294: Radiation and Chemotherapy - p. 997 300. Chapter 295: Pseudoprogression - p. 1001 301. Chapter 296: Pseudoresponse - p. 1003 302. Chapter 297: Mesial Temporal Sclerosis - p. 1005 303. Chapter 298: Status Epilepticus - p. 1009 304. Chapter 299: Transient Global Amnesia (TGA) - p. 1013 305. DEMENTIAS AND DEGENERATIVE DISORDERS - p. 1015 306. Chapter 300: Normal Aging Brain - p. 1015 307. Chapter 301: Alzheimer Disease - p. 1019 308. Chapter 302: Vascular Dementia - p. 1023 309. Chapter 303: Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration - p. 1027 310. Chapter 304: Dementia With Lewy Bodies - p. 1031 311. Chapter 305: Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) - p. 1033 312. Chapter 306: Parkinson Disease - p. 1037 313. Chapter 307: Multiple System Atrophy - p. 1041 314. Chapter 308: Corticobasal Degeneration - p. 1045 315. Chapter 309: Progressive Supranuclear Palsy - p. 1049 316. Chapter 310: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) - p. 1053 317. Chapter 311: Wallerian Degeneration - p. 1057 318. Chapter 312: Crossed Cerebellar Diaschisis - p. 1061 319. Chapter 313: Hypertrophic Olivary Degeneration - p. 1063 320. Chapter 314: Spinocerebellar Ataxia - p. 1067 321. Chapter 315: Fragile X-Associated Tremor/Ataxia (FXTAS) - p. 1071 322. Part II: Anatomy-Based Diagnoses - p. 1073 323. SECTION 1: VENTRICLES AND CISTERNS - p. 1073 324. Chapter 316: Ventricles and Cisterns Overview - p. 1073 325. NORMAL VARIANTS - p. 1081 326. Chapter 317: Cavum Septi Pellucidi (CSP) - p. 1081 327. Chapter 318: Cavum Velum Interpositum (CVI) - p. 1082 328. Chapter 319: Benign Enlarged Subarachnoid Spaces - p. 1083 329. HYDROCEPHALUS - p. 1087 330. Chapter 320: Intraventricular Obstructive Hydrocephalus - p. 1087 331. Chapter 321: Extraventricular Obstructive Hydrocephalus - p. 1091 332. Chapter 322: Aqueductal Stenosis - p. 1093 333. Chapter 323: Normal-Pressure Hydrocephalus - p. 1097 334. Chapter 324: CSF Shunts and Complications - p. 1101 335. Chapter 325: Corpus Callosum Impingement Syndrome - p. 1105 336. CSF DISORDERS - p. 1107 337. Chapter 326: Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension - p. 1107 338. Chapter 327: Intracranial Hypotension - p. 1111 339. SECTION 2: SELLA AND PITUITARY - p. 1115 340. Chapter 328: Sella and Pituitary Overview - p. 1115 341. CONGENITAL - p. 1121 342. Chapter 329: Pituitary Anomalies - p. 1121 343. Chapter 330: Hypothalamic Hamartoma - p. 1125 344. Chapter 331: Rathke Cleft Cyst - p. 1129 345. NEOPLASMS - p. 1133 346. Chapter 332: Pituitary Microadenoma - p. 1133 347. Chapter 333: Pituitary Macroadenoma - p. 1137 348. Chapter 334: Pituitary Apoplexy - p. 1141 349. Chapter 335: Craniopharyngioma - p. 1145 350. Chapter 336: Pituicytoma - p. 1149 351. Chapter 337: Spindle Cell Oncocytoma - p. 1151 352. Chapter 338: Granular Cell Tumor - p. 1152 353. MISCELLANEOUS - p. 1153 354. Chapter 339: Empty Sella - p. 1153 355. Chapter 340: Pituitary Hyperplasia - p. 1157 356. Chapter 341: Lymphocytic Hypophysitis - p. 1159 357. SECTION 3: SKULL, SCALP, AND MENINGES - p. 1161 358. Chapter 342: Skull, Scalp, and Meninges Overview - p. 1161 359. CONGENITAL - p. 1167 360. Chapter 343: Congenital Calvarial Defects - p. 1167 361. Chapter 344: Craniosynostoses - p. 1171 362. Chapter 345: Cephalocele - p. 1175 363. Chapter 346: Atretic Cephalocele - p. 1177 364. NONNEOPLASTIC AND TUMOR-LIKE DISORDERS - p. 1181 365. Chapter 347: Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor - p. 1181 366. Chapter 348: IgG4-Related Disease - p. 1183 367. Chapter 349: Fibrous Dysplasia - p. 1185 368. Chapter 350: Paget Disease - p. 1189 369. Chapter 351: Extramedullary Hematopoiesis - p. 1193 370. Chapter 352: Thick Skull - p. 1197 371. Chapter 353: Neurosarcoid - p. 1199 372. Chapter 354: Sebaceous Cyst - p. 1205 373. NEOPLASMS - p. 1207 374. Chapter 355: Meningioma - p. 1207 375. Chapter 356: Atypical and Malignant Meningioma - p. 1213 376. Chapter 357: Solitary Fibrous Tumor/Hemangiopericytoma - p. 1217 377. Chapter 358: Miscellaneous Benign Mesenchymal Tumors - p. 1221 378. Chapter 359: Miscellaneous Malignant Mesenchymal Tumors - p. 1225 379. Chapter 360: Calvarial Hemangioma - p. 1229 380. Chapter 361: Dura/Venous Sinuses Hemangioma - p. 1233 381. Chapter 362: Myeloma - p. 1235 382. Chapter 363: Skull and Meningeal Metastases - p. 1239 383. INDEX - p. 1243
