Covering the entire spectrum of this fast-changing field, Diagnostic Imaging: Head and Neck, fourth edition, is an invaluable resource for neuroradiologists, general radiologists, and trainees—anyone who requires an easily accessible, highly visual reference on today’s head and neck imaging. Dr. Philip R. Chapman and his team of highly regarded experts provide up-to-date information on recent advances in disease identification, imaging techniques, and tumor staging to help you make informed decisions at the point of care. The text is lavishly illustrated, delineated, and referenced, making it a useful learning tool as well as a handy reference for daily practice.
Serves as a one-stop resource for key concepts and information on head and neck imaging, including a wealth of new material and content updates throughout
Features more than 2,800 illustrations including radiologic images, full-color illustrations, clinical and gross pathology photographs, and histology photographs, as well as an additional 2,200 digital images online
Features numerous new chapters and updates from cover to cover including changes to staging of HPV-related/p16( ) oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma; new metastatic disease imaging recommendations, protocols, and treatments; and the latest knowledge on the genetics of various congenital conditions and syndromes
Reflects new Lugano and WHO classifications for staging lymphomas; updates in the AJCC Cancer Staging Manual, 8th Edition; and updates from the 2018 ISSVA Classification regarding avoidance of outdated and inappropriate terminology and nomenclature that can lead to misdiagnosis or inappropriate treatments
Uses bulleted, succinct text and highly templated chapters for quick comprehension of essential information at the point of care
1. SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW OF SUPRAHYOID AND INFRAHYOID NECK - p. xiii 2. Chapter 1: Suprahyoid and Infrahyoid Neck Overview - p. xiii 3. SECTION 2: PARAPHARYNGEAL SPACE - p. 9 4. Chapter 2: Parapharyngeal Space Overview - p. 9 5. BENIGN TUMORS - p. 13 6. Chapter 3: Parapharyngeal Space Benign Mixed Tumor - p. 13 7. SECTION 3: PHARYNGEAL MUCOSAL SPACE - p. 15 8. Chapter 4: Pharyngeal Mucosal Space Overview - p. 15 9. CONGENITAL LESIONS - p. 21 10. Chapter 5: Tornwaldt Cyst - p. 21 11. INFECTIOUS AND INFLAMMATORY LESIONS - p. 23 12. Chapter 6: Retention Cyst of Pharyngeal Mucosal Space - p. 23 13. Chapter 7: Tonsillar Inflammation - p. 25 14. Chapter 8: Tonsillar/Peritonsillar Abscess - p. 27 15. BENIGN AND MALIGNANT TUMORS - p. 29 16. Chapter 9: Benign Mixed Tumor of Pharyngeal Mucosal Space - p. 29 17. Chapter 10: Minor Salivary Gland Malignancy of Pharyngeal Mucosal Space - p. 31 18. Chapter 11: Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma of Pharyngeal Mucosal Space - p. 33 19. SECTION 4: MASTICATOR SPACE - p. 37 20. Chapter 12: Masticator Space Overview - p. 37 21. PSEUDOLESIONS - p. 43 22. Chapter 13: Pterygoid Venous Plexus Asymmetry - p. 43 23. Chapter 14: Benign Masticator Muscle Hypertrophy - p. 45 24. Chapter 15: CNV3 Motor Denervation - p. 47 25. INFECTIOUS LESIONS - p. 51 26. Chapter 16: Masticator Space Abscess - p. 51 27. BENIGN TUMORS - p. 55 28. Chapter 17: Masticator Space CNV3 Schwannoma - p. 55 29. MALIGNANT TUMORS - p. 57 30. Chapter 18: Masticator Space CNV3 Perineural Tumor - p. 57 31. Chapter 19: Masticator Space Chondrosarcoma - p. 61 32. Chapter 20: Masticator Space Sarcoma - p. 65 33. SECTION 5: PAROTID SPACE - p. 69 34. Chapter 21: Parotid Space Overview - p. 69 35. INFECTIOUS AND INFLAMMATORY LESIONS - p. 75 36. Chapter 22: Acute Parotitis - p. 75 37. Chapter 23: Parotid Sjögren Syndrome - p. 79 38. Chapter 24: Benign Lymphoepithelial Cysts of HIV - p. 83 39. BENIGN TUMORS - p. 87 40. Chapter 25: Parotid Benign Mixed Tumor - p. 87 41. Chapter 26: Warthin Tumor - p. 91 42. Chapter 27: Parotid Schwannoma - p. 95 43. MALIGNANT TUMORS - p. 97 44. Chapter 28: Parotid Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma - p. 97 45. Chapter 29: Parotid Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma - p. 101 46. Chapter 30: Parotid Acinic Cell Carcinoma - p. 103 47. Chapter 31: Parotid Malignant Mixed Tumor - p. 105 48. Chapter 32: Parotid Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma - p. 107 49. Chapter 33: Metastatic Disease of Parotid Nodes - p. 111 50. SECTION 6: CAROTID SPACE - p. 115 51. Chapter 34: Carotid Space Overview - p. 115 52. NORMAL VARIANTS - p. 121 53. Chapter 35: Tortuous Carotid Artery in Neck - p. 121 54. VASCULAR LESIONS - p. 123 55. Chapter 36: Carotid Artery Dissection in Neck - p. 123 56. Chapter 37: Carotid Artery Pseudoaneurysm in Neck - p. 127 57. Chapter 38: Carotid Artery Fibromuscular Dysplasia in Neck - p. 129 58. Chapter 39: Acute Idiopathic Carotidynia - p. 131 59. Chapter 40: Jugular Vein Thrombosis - p. 133 60. Chapter 41: Postpharyngitis Venous Thrombosis (Lemierre) - p. 137 61. BENIGN TUMORS - p. 139 62. Chapter 42: Carotid Body Paraganglioma - p. 139 63. Chapter 43: Glomus Vagale Paraganglioma - p. 143 64. Chapter 44: Carotid Space Schwannoma - p. 147 65. Chapter 45: Sympathetic Schwannoma - p. 151 66. Chapter 46: Carotid Space Neurofibroma - p. 153 67. Chapter 47: Carotid Space Meningioma - p. 155 68. SECTION 7: RETROPHARYNGEAL SPACE - p. 157 69. Chapter 48: Retropharyngeal Space Overview - p. 157 70. INFECTIOUS AND INFLAMMATORY LESIONS - p. 163 71. Chapter 49: Reactive Adenopathy of Retropharyngeal Space - p. 163 72. Chapter 50: Suppurative Adenopathy of Retropharyngeal Space - p. 165 73. Chapter 51: Retropharyngeal Space Abscess - p. 167 74. Chapter 52: Retropharyngeal Space Edema - p. 171 75. METASTATIC TUMORS - p. 175 76. Chapter 53: Nodal Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Retropharyngeal Space - p. 175 77. Chapter 54: Nodal Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in Retropharyngeal Space - p. 177 78. Chapter 55: Non-Squamous Cell Carcinoma Metastatic Nodes in Retropharyngeal Space - p. 179 79. SECTION 8: PERIVERTEBRAL SPACE - p. 181 80. Chapter 56: Perivertebral Space Overview - p. 181 81. PSEUDOLESIONS - p. 187 82. Chapter 57: Levator Scapulae Muscle Hypertrophy - p. 187 83. INFECTIOUS AND INFLAMMATORY LESIONS - p. 189 84. Chapter 58: Acute Calcific Longus Colli Tendonitis - p. 189 85. Chapter 59: Perivertebral Space Infection - p. 191 86. VASCULAR LESIONS - p. 195 87. Chapter 60: Vertebral Artery Dissection in Neck - p. 195 88. BENIGN AND MALIGNANT TUMORS - p. 197 89. Chapter 61: Brachial Plexus Schwannoma in Perivertebral Space - p. 197 90. Chapter 62: Chordoma in Perivertebral Space - p. 199 91. Chapter 63: Vertebral Body Metastasis in Perivertebral Space - p. 201 92. SECTION 9: POSTERIOR CERVICAL SPACE - p. 205 93. Chapter 64: Posterior Cervical Space Overview - p. 205 94. BENIGN TUMORS - p. 209 95. Chapter 65: Posterior Cervical Space Schwannoma - p. 209 96. METASTATIC TUMORS - p. 213 97. Chapter 66: Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Spinal Accessory Node - p. 213 98. Chapter 67: Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in Spinal Accessory Node - p. 215 99. SECTION 10: VISCERAL SPACE - p. 217 100. Chapter 68: Visceral Space Overview - p. 217 101. INFLAMMATORY LESIONS - p. 223 102. Chapter 69: Chronic Lymphocytic Thyroiditis (Hashimoto) - p. 223 103. METABOLIC DISEASE - p. 225 104. Chapter 70: Multinodular Goiter - p. 225 105. BENIGN TUMORS - p. 229 106. Chapter 71: Thyroid Adenoma - p. 229 107. Chapter 72: Parathyroid Adenoma in Visceral Space - p. 233 108. MALIGNANT TUMORS - p. 237 109. Chapter 73: Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma - p. 237 110. Chapter 74: Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma - p. 241 111. Chapter 75: Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma - p. 245 112. Chapter 76: Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma of Thyroid - p. 249 113. Chapter 77: Parathyroid Carcinoma - p. 251 114. Chapter 78: Thyroglossal Duct Cyst Carcinoma - p. 253 115. Chapter 79: Cervical Esophageal Carcinoma - p. 257 116. MISCELLANEOUS - p. 259 117. Chapter 80: Esophagopharyngeal Diverticulum (Zenker) - p. 259 118. Chapter 81: Colloid Cyst of Thyroid - p. 261 119. Chapter 82: Lateral Cervical Esophageal Diverticulum - p. 263 120. SECTION 11: HYPOPHARYNX, LARYNX, AND CERVICAL TRACHEA - p. 265 121. Chapter 83: Hypopharynx, Larynx, and Trachea Overview - p. 265 122. INFECTIOUS AND INFLAMMATORY LESIONS - p. 273 123. Chapter 84: Croup - p. 273 124. Chapter 85: Epiglottitis in Child - p. 277 125. Chapter 86: Supraglottitis - p. 278 126. TRAUMA - p. 279 127. Chapter 87: Laryngeal Trauma - p. 279 128. BENIGN AND MALIGNANT TUMORS - p. 283 129. Chapter 88: Upper Airway Infantile Hemangioma - p. 283 130. Chapter 89: Laryngeal Chondrosarcoma - p. 285 131. TREATMENT-RELATED LESIONS - p. 289 132. Chapter 90: Postradiation Larynx - p. 289 133. MISCELLANEOUS - p. 293 134. Chapter 91: Laryngocele - p. 293 135. Chapter 92: Vocal Cord Paralysis - p. 297 136. Chapter 93: Acquired Subglottic-Tracheal Stenosis - p. 301 137. SECTION 12: LYMPH NODES - p. 305 138. Chapter 94: Lymph Node Overview - p. 305 139. INFECTIOUS AND INFLAMMATORY LESIONS - p. 311 140. Chapter 95: Reactive Lymph Nodes - p. 311 141. Chapter 96: Suppurative Lymph Nodes - p. 315 142. Chapter 97: Tuberculous Lymph Nodes - p. 319 143. Chapter 98: Nontuberculous Mycobacterium Nodes - p. 321 144. Chapter 99: Sarcoidosis Lymph Nodes - p. 322 145. Chapter 100: Giant Lymph Node Hyperplasia (Castleman Disease) - p. 323 146. Chapter 101: Histiocytic Necrotizing Lymphadenitis (Kikuchi-Fujimoto) - p. 327 147. Chapter 102: Kimura Disease - p. 329 148. MALIGNANT TUMORS - p. 333 149. Chapter 103: Nodal Hodgkin Lymphoma in Neck - p. 333 150. Chapter 104: Nodal Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in Neck - p. 337 151. Chapter 105: Nodal Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma - p. 341 152. Chapter 106: Systemic Nodal Metastases in Neck - p. 343 153. SECTION 13: TRANSSPATIAL AND MULTISPATIAL - p. 345 154. Chapter 107: Transspatial and Multispatial Overview - p. 345 155. NORMAL VARIANTS - p. 349 156. Chapter 108: Prominent Thoracic Duct in Neck - p. 349 157. BENIGN TUMORS - p. 351 158. Chapter 109: Lipoma of Head and Neck - p. 351 159. Chapter 110: Hemangiopericytoma of Head and Neck - p. 355 160. Chapter 111: Plexiform Neurofibroma of Head and Neck - p. 357 161. MALIGNANT TUMORS - p. 359 162. Chapter 112: Posttransplantation Lymphoproliferative Disorder - p. 359 163. Chapter 113: Extraosseous Chordoma - p. 361 164. Chapter 114: Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma of Head and Neck - p. 363 165. Chapter 115: Liposarcoma of Head and Neck - p. 367 166. Chapter 116: Synovial Sarcoma of Head and Neck - p. 369 167. Chapter 117: Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor of Head and Neck - p. 371 168. MISCELLANEOUS - p. 373 169. Chapter 118: Lymphocele of Neck - p. 373 170. Chapter 119: Sinus Histiocytosis (Rosai-Dorfman) of Head and Neck - p. 375 171. Chapter 120: Fibromatosis of Head and Neck - p. 377 172. Chapter 121: IgG4-Related Disease - p. 381 173. Chapter 122: COVID-19 - p. 384 174. SECTION 14: ORAL CAVITY - p. 389 175. Chapter 123: Oral Cavity Overview - p. 389 176. PSEUDOLESIONS - p. 397 177. Chapter 124: Hypoglossal Nerve Motor Denervation - p. 397 178. CONGENITAL LESIONS - p. 399 179. Chapter 125: Submandibular Space Accessory Salivary Tissue - p. 399 180. Chapter 126: Oral Cavity Dermoid and Epidermoid - p. 401 181. Chapter 127: Oral Cavity Lymphatic Malformation - p. 405 182. Chapter 128: Lingual Thyroid - p. 407 183. INFECTIOUS AND INFLAMMATORY LESIONS - p. 409 184. Chapter 129: Ranula - p. 409 185. Chapter 130: Oral Cavity Sialocele - p. 413 186. Chapter 131: Submandibular Gland Sialadenitis - p. 415 187. Chapter 132: Oral Cavity Abscess - p. 417 188. BENIGN TUMORS - p. 421 189. Chapter 133: Submandibular Gland Benign Mixed Tumor - p. 421 190. Chapter 134: Palate Benign Mixed Tumor - p. 423 191. MALIGNANT TUMORS - p. 425 192. Chapter 135: Sublingual Gland Carcinoma - p. 425 193. Chapter 136: Submandibular Gland Carcinoma - p. 427 194. Chapter 137: Oral Cavity Minor Salivary Gland Malignancy - p. 429 195. Chapter 138: Submandibular Space Nodal Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma - p. 431 196. Chapter 139: Submandibular Space Nodal Squamous Cell Carcinoma - p. 433 197. SECTION 15: MANDIBLE-MAXILLA AND TMJ - p. 435 198. Chapter 140: Mandible-Maxilla and TMJ Overview - p. 435 199. CONGENITAL LESIONS - p. 443 200. Chapter 141: Solitary Median Maxillary Central Incisor - p. 443 201. NONNEOPLASTIC CYSTS - p. 445 202. Chapter 142: Nasolabial Cyst - p. 445 203. Chapter 143: Periapical Cyst (Radicular) - p. 447 204. Chapter 144: Dentigerous Cyst - p. 449 205. Chapter 145: Simple Bone Cyst (Traumatic) - p. 451 206. Chapter 146: Nasopalatine Duct Cyst - p. 453 207. INFECTIOUS AND INFLAMMATORY LESIONS - p. 455 208. Chapter 147: TMJ Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis - p. 455 209. Chapter 148: Mandible-Maxilla Osteomyelitis - p. 457 210. TUMOR-LIKE LESIONS - p. 459 211. Chapter 149: TMJ Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate Deposition Disease - p. 459 212. Chapter 150: TMJ Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis - p. 461 213. Chapter 151: TMJ Synovial Chondromatosis - p. 463 214. Chapter 152: Mandible-Maxilla Central Giant Cell Granuloma - p. 465 215. BENIGN AND MALIGNANT TUMORS - p. 467 216. Chapter 153: Ameloblastoma - p. 467 217. Chapter 154: Odontogenic Keratocyst - p. 471 218. Chapter 155: Mandible-Maxilla Osteosarcoma - p. 475 219. TREATMENT-RELATED LESIONS - p. 477 220. Chapter 156: Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of Jaw (MRONJ) - p. 477 221. SECTION 16: INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW OF SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA - p. 479 222. Chapter 157: Squamous Cell Carcinoma Overview - p. 479 223. SECTION 17: PRIMARY SITES, PERINEURAL TUMOR AND NODES - p. 487 224. NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA - p. 487 225. Chapter 158: Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma - p. 487 226. OROPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA - p. 493 227. Chapter 159: Base of Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma - p. 493 228. Chapter 160: Palatine Tonsil Squamous Cell Carcinoma - p. 497 229. Chapter 161: Posterior Oropharyngeal Wall Squamous Cell Carcinoma - p. 501 230. Chapter 162: HPV-Related Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma - p. 503 231. Chapter 163: Soft Palate Squamous Cell Carcinoma - p. 507 232. ORAL CAVITY CARCINOMA - p. 509 233. Chapter 164: Oral Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma - p. 509 234. Chapter 165: Floor of Mouth Squamous Cell Carcinoma - p. 513 235. Chapter 166: Alveolar Ridge Squamous Cell Carcinoma - p. 515 236. Chapter 167: Retromolar Trigone Squamous Cell Carcinoma - p. 517 237. Chapter 168: Buccal Mucosa Squamous Cell Carcinoma - p. 519 238. Chapter 169: Hard Palate Squamous Cell Carcinoma - p. 521 239. HYPOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA - p. 523 240. Chapter 170: Pyriform Sinus Squamous Cell Carcinoma - p. 523 241. Chapter 171: Postcricoid Region Squamous Cell Carcinoma - p. 527 242. Chapter 172: Posterior Hypopharyngeal Wall Squamous Cell Carcinoma - p. 529 243. LARYNGEAL CARCINOMA - p. 531 244. Chapter 173: Supraglottic Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma - p. 531 245. Chapter 174: Glottic Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma - p. 535 246. Chapter 175: Subglottic Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma - p. 537 247. Chapter 176: Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma With Secondary Laryngocele - p. 539 248. PERINEURAL TUMOR - p. 541 249. Chapter 177: Perineural Tumor Spread - p. 541 250. SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA LYMPH NODES - p. 545 251. Chapter 178: Nodal Squamous Cell Carcinoma - p. 545 252. SECTION 18: POSTTREATMENT NECK - p. 551 253. Chapter 179: Nodal Dissection in Neck - p. 551 254. Chapter 180: Reconstruction Flaps in Neck - p. 557 255. Chapter 181: Expected Changes of Neck Radiation Therapy - p. 561 256. Chapter 182: Complications of Neck Radiation Therapy - p. 565 257. Chapter 183: Osteoradionecrosis - p. 569 258. Chapter 184: Post Laryngectomy - p. 573 259. SECTION 19: PEDIATRIC LESIONS - p. 579 260. Chapter 185: Approach to Congenital Cystic Neck Masses - p. 579 261. CONGENITAL LESIONS - p. 585 262. Chapter 186: Lymphatic Malformation - p. 585 263. Chapter 187: Venous Malformation - p. 589 264. Chapter 188: Congenital Vallecular Cyst - p. 593 265. Chapter 189: Thyroglossal Duct Cyst - p. 595 266. Chapter 190: Cervical Thymic Cyst - p. 599 267. Chapter 191: 1st Branchial Cleft Cyst - p. 603 268. Chapter 192: 2nd Branchial Cleft Cyst - p. 607 269. Chapter 193: 3rd Branchial Cleft Cyst - p. 611 270. Chapter 194: 4th Branchial Cleft Cyst - p. 615 271. Chapter 195: Dermoid and Epidermoid Cysts - p. 619 272. BENIGN TUMORS AND TUMOR-LIKE LESIONS - p. 623 273. Chapter 196: Infantile Hemangioma - p. 623 274. Chapter 197: Fibromatosis Colli - p. 627 275. MALIGNANT TUMORS - p. 629 276. Chapter 198: Rhabdomyosarcoma - p. 629 277. Chapter 199: Primary Cervical Neuroblastoma - p. 630 278. Chapter 200: Metastatic Neuroblastoma - p. 631 279. SECTION 20: SYNDROMIC DISEASES - p. 635 280. Chapter 201: Neurofibromatosis Type 1 - p. 635 281. Chapter 202: Schwannomatosis - p. 641 282. Chapter 203: Neurofibromatosis Type 2 - p. 643 283. Chapter 204: Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome - p. 645 284. Chapter 205: Branchiootorenal Syndrome - p. 647 285. Chapter 206: CHARGE Syndrome - p. 651 286. Chapter 207: Hemifacial Microsomia - p. 655 287. Chapter 208: Treacher Collins Syndrome - p. 657 288. Chapter 209: Pierre Robin Sequence - p. 658 289. Chapter 210: X-Linked Stapes Gusher (DFNX2) - p. 659 290. Chapter 211: McCune-Albright Syndrome - p. 661 291. Chapter 212: Cherubism - p. 662 292. Chapter 213: Mucopolysaccharidosis - p. 663 293. SECTION 21: NOSE AND SINUS - p. 665 294. Chapter 214: Sinonasal Overview - p. 665 295. CONGENITAL LESIONS - p. 673 296. Chapter 215: Nasolacrimal Duct Mucocele - p. 673 297. Chapter 216: Choanal Atresia - p. 675 298. Chapter 217: Nasal Glioma - p. 679 299. Chapter 218: Nasal Dermal Sinus - p. 683 300. Chapter 219: Frontoethmoidal Cephalocele - p. 687 301. Chapter 220: Congenital Nasal Pyriform Aperture Stenosis - p. 691 302. INFECTIOUS AND INFLAMMATORY LESIONS - p. 693 303. Chapter 221: Acute Rhinosinusitis - p. 693 304. Chapter 222: Chronic Rhinosinusitis - p. 697 305. Chapter 223: Complications of Rhinosinusitis - p. 701 306. Chapter 224: Allergic Fungal Sinusitis - p. 705 307. Chapter 225: Sinus Mycetoma - p. 707 308. Chapter 226: Invasive Fungal Sinusitis - p. 709 309. Chapter 227: Sinonasal Polyposis - p. 713 310. Chapter 228: Solitary Sinonasal Polyp - p. 717 311. Chapter 229: Sinonasal Mucocele - p. 721 312. Chapter 230: Sinonasal Organized Hematoma - p. 725 313. Chapter 231: Silent Sinus Syndrome - p. 727 314. Chapter 232: Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis (Wegener) - p. 729 315. Chapter 233: Nasal Cocaine Necrosis - p. 733 316. BENIGN TUMORS AND TUMOR-LIKE LESIONS - p. 735 317. Chapter 234: Sinonasal Fibrous Dysplasia - p. 735 318. Chapter 235: Sinonasal Osteoma - p. 737 319. Chapter 236: Sinonasal Ossifying Fibroma - p. 741 320. Chapter 237: Juvenile Angiofibroma - p. 745 321. Chapter 238: Sinonasal Inverted Papilloma - p. 749 322. Chapter 239: Sinonasal Hemangioma - p. 753 323. Chapter 240: Sinonasal Nerve Sheath Tumor - p. 755 324. Chapter 241: Sinonasal Benign Mixed Tumor - p. 757 325. MALIGNANT TUMORS - p. 759 326. Chapter 242: Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma - p. 759 327. Chapter 243: Esthesioneuroblastoma - p. 763 328. Chapter 244: Sinonasal Melanoma - p. 767 329. Chapter 245: Sinonasal Adenocarcinoma - p. 769 330. Chapter 246: Sinonasal Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma - p. 771 331. Chapter 247: Sinonasal Neuroendocrine Carcinoma - p. 775 332. Chapter 248: Sinonasal Undifferentiated Carcinoma - p. 777 333. Chapter 249: Sinonasal Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma - p. 778 334. Chapter 250: Sinonasal Chondrosarcoma - p. 779 335. Chapter 251: Sinonasal Osteosarcoma - p. 780 336. SECTION 22: ORBIT - p. 782 337. Chapter 252: Orbit Overview - p. 782 338. CONGENITAL LESIONS - p. 787 339. Chapter 253: Coloboma - p. 787 340. Chapter 254: Persistent Hyperplastic Primary Vitreous - p. 791 341. Chapter 255: Coats Disease - p. 793 342. Chapter 256: Orbital Dermoid and Epidermoid - p. 795 343. Chapter 257: Orbital Neurofibromatosis Type 1 - p. 799 344. VASCULAR LESIONS - p. 803 345. Chapter 258: Orbital Lymphatic Malformation - p. 803 346. Chapter 259: Orbital Venous Varix - p. 807 347. Chapter 260: Orbital Cavernous Venous Malformation (Hemangioma) - p. 809 348. INFECTIOUS AND INFLAMMATORY LESIONS - p. 813 349. Chapter 261: Ocular Toxocariasis - p. 813 350. Chapter 262: Orbital Subperiosteal Abscess - p. 815 351. Chapter 263: Orbital Cellulitis - p. 819 352. Chapter 264: Idiopathic Orbital Inflammation (Pseudotumor) - p. 821 353. Chapter 265: Orbital Sarcoidosis - p. 825 354. Chapter 266: Thyroid-Associated Orbitopathy - p. 827 355. Chapter 267: Optic Neuritis - p. 831 356. TUMOR-LIKE LESIONS - p. 835 357. Chapter 268: Orbital Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis - p. 835 358. BENIGN TUMORS - p. 837 359. Chapter 269: Orbital Infantile Hemangioma - p. 837 360. Chapter 270: Optic Pathway Glioma - p. 841 361. Chapter 271: Optic Nerve Sheath Meningioma - p. 845 362. Chapter 272: Lacrimal Gland Benign Mixed Tumor - p. 849 363. MALIGNANT TUMORS - p. 851 364. Chapter 273: Retinoblastoma - p. 851 365. Chapter 274: Ocular Melanoma - p. 855 366. Chapter 275: Orbital Lymphoproliferative Lesions - p. 859 367. Chapter 276: Lacrimal Gland Carcinoma - p. 863 368. SECTION 23: SKULL BASE LESIONS - p. 865 369. Chapter 277: Skull Base Overview - p. 865 370. CLIVUS - p. 873 371. Chapter 278: Ecchordosis Physaliphora - p. 873 372. Chapter 279: Fossa Navicularis Magna - p. 875 373. Chapter 280: Invasive Pituitary Macroadenoma - p. 877 374. Chapter 281: Chordoma - p. 879 375. SPHENOID BONE - p. 883 376. Chapter 282: Persistent Craniopharyngeal Canal - p. 883 377. Chapter 283: Sphenoid Benign Fatty Lesion - p. 885 378. Chapter 284: Central Skull Base Trigeminal Schwannoma - p. 886 379. OCCIPITAL BONE - p. 887 380. Chapter 285: Hypoglossal Nerve Schwannoma - p. 887 381. JUGULAR FORAMEN - p. 889 382. Chapter 286: Jugular Bulb Pseudolesion - p. 889 383. Chapter 287: High Jugular Bulb - p. 891 384. Chapter 288: Dehiscent Jugular Bulb - p. 893 385. Chapter 289: Jugular Bulb Diverticulum - p. 895 386. Chapter 290: Glomus Jugulare Paraganglioma - p. 897 387. Chapter 291: Jugular Foramen Schwannoma - p. 901 388. Chapter 292: Jugular Foramen Meningioma - p. 905 389. DURAL SINUSES - p. 907 390. Chapter 293: Dural Sinus and Aberrant Arachnoid Granulations - p. 907 391. Chapter 294: Skull Base Dural Sinus Thrombosis - p. 911 392. Chapter 295: Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis - p. 915 393. Chapter 296: Dural Arteriovenous Fistula - p. 917 394. DIFFUSE OR MULTIFOCAL SKULL BASE DISEASE - p. 921 395. Chapter 297: Skull Base Cephalocele - p. 921 396. Chapter 298: Skull Base CSF Leak - p. 925 397. Chapter 299: Skull Base Fibrous Dysplasia - p. 927 398. Chapter 300: Skull Base Paget Disease - p. 931 399. Chapter 301: Skull Base Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis - p. 933 400. Chapter 302: Skull Base Osteopetrosis - p. 937 401. Chapter 303: Skull Base Giant Cell Tumor - p. 939 402. Chapter 304: Skull Base Meningioma - p. 941 403. Chapter 305: Skull Base Plasmacytoma - p. 945 404. Chapter 306: Skull Base Multiple Myeloma - p. 949 405. Chapter 307: Skull Base Metastasis - p. 951 406. Chapter 308: Skull Base Chondrosarcoma - p. 953 407. Chapter 309: Skull Base Osteosarcoma - p. 957 408. Chapter 310: Skull Base Osteomyelitis - p. 959 409. SECTION 24: SKULL BASE, FACIAL, AND TEMPORAL BONE TRAUMA - p. 963 410. Chapter 311: Skull Base and Facial Trauma Overview - p. 963 411. SKULL BASE AND TEMPORAL BONE - p. 969 412. Chapter 312: Temporal Bone Fractures - p. 969 413. Chapter 313: Ossicular Dislocations and Disruptions - p. 973 414. Chapter 314: Skull Base Trauma - p. 975 415. FACIAL BONES - p. 979 416. Chapter 315: Orbital Foreign Body - p. 979 417. Chapter 316: Orbital Blowout Fracture - p. 981 418. Chapter 317: Transfacial Fractures (Le Fort) - p. 983 419. Chapter 318: Zygomaticomaxillary Complex Fracture - p. 987 420. Chapter 319: Complex Facial Fracture - p. 989 421. Chapter 320: Nasoorbitoethmoid (NOE) Fracture - p. 991 422. Chapter 321: Mandible Fracture - p. 993 423. Chapter 322: TMJ Disc Displacement - p. 995 424. SECTION 25: TEMPORAL BONE - p. 997 425. Chapter 323: Temporal Bone Overview - p. 997 426. EXTERNAL AUDITORY CANAL - p. 1007 427. CONGENITAL LESIONS - p. 1007 428. Chapter 324: Foramen Tympanicum - p. 1007 429. Chapter 325: Congenital External and Middle Ear Malformation - p. 1009 430. INFECTIOUS AND INFLAMMATORY LESIONS - p. 1013 431. Chapter 326: Necrotizing External Otitis - p. 1013 432. Chapter 327: Keratosis Obturans - p. 1015 433. Chapter 328: Medial Canal Fibrosis - p. 1017 434. Chapter 329: EAC-Acquired Cholesteatoma - p. 1021 435. BENIGN AND MALIGNANT TUMORS - p. 1023 436. Chapter 330: EAC Osteoma - p. 1023 437. Chapter 331: EAC Exostoses - p. 1025 438. Chapter 332: EAC Skin Squamous Cell Carcinoma - p. 1027 439. MIDDLE EAR-MASTOID - p. 1029 440. CONGENITAL LESIONS - p. 1029 441. Chapter 333: Congenital Middle Ear Cholesteatoma - p. 1029 442. Chapter 334: Congenital Mastoid Cholesteatoma - p. 1033 443. Chapter 335: Oval Window Atresia - p. 1035 444. Chapter 336: Lateralized Internal Carotid Artery - p. 1037 445. Chapter 337: Aberrant Internal Carotid Artery - p. 1039 446. Chapter 338: Persistent Stapedial Artery - p. 1043 447. INFECTIOUS AND INFLAMMATORY LESIONS - p. 1045 448. Chapter 339: Coalescent Otomastoiditis With Complications - p. 1045 449. Chapter 340: Chronic Otomastoiditis With Ossicular Erosions - p. 1049 450. Chapter 341: Chronic Otomastoiditis With Tympanosclerosis - p. 1051 451. Chapter 342: Pars Flaccida Cholesteatoma - p. 1053 452. Chapter 343: Pars Tensa Cholesteatoma - p. 1057 453. Chapter 344: Mural Cholesteatoma - p. 1061 454. Chapter 345: Middle Ear Cholesterol Granuloma - p. 1063 455. BENIGN AND MALIGNANT TUMORS - p. 1067 456. Chapter 346: Glomus Tympanicum Paraganglioma - p. 1067 457. Chapter 347: Temporal Bone Meningioma - p. 1071 458. Chapter 348: Middle Ear Schwannoma - p. 1075 459. Chapter 349: Middle Ear Adenoma - p. 1077 460. Chapter 350: Temporal Bone Rhabdomyosarcoma - p. 1079 461. MISCELLANEOUS - p. 1083 462. Chapter 351: Temporal Bone Cephalocele - p. 1083 463. Chapter 352: Ossicular Prosthesis - p. 1085 464. INNER EAR - p. 1089 465. PSEUDOLESIONS - p. 1089 466. Chapter 353: Petromastoid Canal - p. 1089 467. Chapter 354: Cochlear Cleft - p. 1091 468. CONGENITAL LESIONS - p. 1093 469. Chapter 355: Labyrinthine Aplasia - p. 1093 470. Chapter 356: Cochlear Aplasia - p. 1095 471. Chapter 357: Cochlear Hypoplasia - p. 1097 472. Chapter 358: Common Cavity Malformation - p. 1099 473. Chapter 359: Cystic Cochleovestibular Malformation (IP-I) - p. 1101 474. Chapter 360: Cochlear Incomplete Partition Type I (IP-I) - p. 1103 475. Chapter 361: Cochlear Incomplete Partition Type II (IP-II) - p. 1105 476. Chapter 362: Large Vestibular Aqueduct - p. 1107 477. Chapter 363: Cochlear Nerve and Cochlear Nerve Canal Aplasia-Hypoplasia - p. 1111 478. Chapter 364: Semicircular Canal Hypoplasia-Aplasia - p. 1113 479. Chapter 365: Semicircular Canal-Vestibule Globular Anomaly - p. 1117 480. INFECTIOUS AND INFLAMMATORY LESIONS - p. 1119 481. Chapter 366: Labyrinthitis - p. 1119 482. Chapter 367: Otosyphilis - p. 1121 483. Chapter 368: Labyrinthine Ossificans - p. 1123 484. Chapter 369: Otosclerosis - p. 1127 485. Chapter 370: Temporal Bone Osteogenesis Imperfecta - p. 1131 486. BENIGN AND MALIGNANT TUMORS - p. 1133 487. Chapter 371: Intralabyrinthine Schwannoma - p. 1133 488. Chapter 372: Endolymphatic Sac Tumor - p. 1137 489. MISCELLANEOUS - p. 1139 490. Chapter 373: Intralabyrinthine Hemorrhage - p. 1139 491. Chapter 374: Semicircular Canal Dehiscence - p. 1141 492. Chapter 375: Cochlear Implant - p. 1143 493. PETROUS APEX - p. 1147 494. PSEUDOLESIONS - p. 1147 495. Chapter 376: Petrous Apex Asymmetric Marrow - p. 1147 496. Chapter 377: Petrous Apex Cephalocele - p. 1149 497. CONGENITAL LESIONS - p. 1151 498. Chapter 378: Congenital Petrous Apex Cholesteatoma - p. 1151 499. INFECTIOUS AND INFLAMMATORY LESIONS - p. 1155 500. Chapter 379: Petrous Apex Trapped Fluid - p. 1155 501. Chapter 380: Petrous Apex Mucocele - p. 1157 502. Chapter 381: Petrous Apex Cholesterol Granuloma - p. 1159 503. Chapter 382: Apical Petrositis - p. 1163 504. VASCULAR LESIONS - p. 1167 505. Chapter 383: Petrous Internal Carotid Artery Aneurysm - p. 1167 506. INTRATEMPORAL FACIAL NERVE - p. 1169 507. PSEUDOLESIONS - p. 1169 508. Chapter 384: Intratemporal Facial Nerve Enhancement - p. 1169 509. Chapter 385: Middle Ear Prolapsing Facial Nerve - p. 1171 510. INFECTIOUS AND INFLAMMATORY LESIONS - p. 1173 511. Chapter 386: Bell Palsy - p. 1173 512. BENIGN AND MALIGNANT TUMORS - p. 1177 513. Chapter 387: Temporal Bone Facial Nerve Venous Malformation (Hemangioma) - p. 1177 514. Chapter 388: Temporal Bone Facial Nerve Schwannoma - p. 1181 515. Chapter 389: Temporal Bone Perineural Parotid Malignancy - p. 1185 516. TEMPORAL BONE, NO SPECIFIC ANATOMIC LOCATION - p. 1189 517. Chapter 390: Temporal Bone CSF Leak - p. 1189 518. Chapter 391: Temporal Bone Arachnoid Granulations - p. 1191 519. Chapter 392: Temporal Bone Fibrous Dysplasia - p. 1193 520. Chapter 393: Temporal Bone Paget Disease - p. 1195 521. Chapter 394: Temporal Bone Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis - p. 1197 522. Chapter 395: Temporal Bone Metastasis - p. 1199 523. Chapter 396: Temporal Bone Osteoradionecrosis - p. 1201 524. SECTION 26: CPA-IAC - p. 1203 525. INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW - p. 1203 526. Chapter 397: CPA-IAC Overview - p. 1203 527. CONGENITAL LESIONS - p. 1209 528. Chapter 398: CPA-IAC Epidermoid Cyst - p. 1209 529. Chapter 399: CPA-IAC Arachnoid Cyst - p. 1213 530. Chapter 400: Lipoma in CPA-IAC - p. 1217 531. Chapter 401: IAC Venous Malformation - p. 1221 532. INFECTIOUS AND INFLAMMATORY LESIONS - p. 1223 533. Chapter 402: CPA-IAC Meningitis - p. 1223 534. Chapter 403: Ramsay Hunt Syndrome - p. 1225 535. Chapter 404: CPA-IAC Neurosarcoid - p. 1227 536. BENIGN AND MALIGNANT TUMORS - p. 1229 537. Chapter 405: Vestibular Schwannoma - p. 1229 538. Chapter 406: PHACE(S) Syndrome - p. 1233 539. Chapter 407: CPA-IAC Meningioma - p. 1235 540. Chapter 408: CPA-IAC Facial Nerve Schwannoma - p. 1239 541. Chapter 409: CPA-IAC Metastases - p. 1241 542. VASCULAR LESIONS - p. 1245 543. Chapter 410: Trigeminal Neuralgia - p. 1245 544. Chapter 411: Hemifacial Spasm - p. 1247 545. Chapter 412: CPA-IAC Aneurysm - p. 1249 546. Chapter 413: CPA-IAC Superficial Siderosis - p. 1251 547. INDEX - p. 1255
Covering the entire spectrum of this fast-changing field, Diagnostic Imaging: Head and Neck, fourth edition, is an invaluable resource for neuroradiologists, general radiologists, and trainees—anyone who requires an easily accessible, highly visual reference on today’s head and neck imaging. Dr. Philip R. Chapman and his team of highly regarded experts provide up-to-date information on recent advances in disease identification, imaging techniques, and tumor staging to help you make informed decisions at the point of care. The text is lavishly illustrated, delineated, and referenced, making it a useful learning tool as well as a handy reference for daily practice.
Serves as a one-stop resource for key concepts and information on head and neck imaging, including a wealth of new material and content updates throughout
Features more than 2,800 illustrations including radiologic images, full-color illustrations, clinical and gross pathology photographs, and histology photographs, as well as an additional 2,200 digital images online
Features numerous new chapters and updates from cover to cover including changes to staging of HPV-related/p16( ) oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma; new metastatic disease imaging recommendations, protocols, and treatments; and the latest knowledge on the genetics of various congenital conditions and syndromes
Reflects new Lugano and WHO classifications for staging lymphomas; updates in the AJCC Cancer Staging Manual, 8th Edition; and updates from the 2018 ISSVA Classification regarding avoidance of outdated and inappropriate terminology and nomenclature that can lead to misdiagnosis or inappropriate treatments
Uses bulleted, succinct text and highly templated chapters for quick comprehension of essential information at the point of care
1. SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW OF SUPRAHYOID AND INFRAHYOID NECK - p. xiii 2. Chapter 1: Suprahyoid and Infrahyoid Neck Overview - p. xiii 3. SECTION 2: PARAPHARYNGEAL SPACE - p. 9 4. Chapter 2: Parapharyngeal Space Overview - p. 9 5. BENIGN TUMORS - p. 13 6. Chapter 3: Parapharyngeal Space Benign Mixed Tumor - p. 13 7. SECTION 3: PHARYNGEAL MUCOSAL SPACE - p. 15 8. Chapter 4: Pharyngeal Mucosal Space Overview - p. 15 9. CONGENITAL LESIONS - p. 21 10. Chapter 5: Tornwaldt Cyst - p. 21 11. INFECTIOUS AND INFLAMMATORY LESIONS - p. 23 12. Chapter 6: Retention Cyst of Pharyngeal Mucosal Space - p. 23 13. Chapter 7: Tonsillar Inflammation - p. 25 14. Chapter 8: Tonsillar/Peritonsillar Abscess - p. 27 15. BENIGN AND MALIGNANT TUMORS - p. 29 16. Chapter 9: Benign Mixed Tumor of Pharyngeal Mucosal Space - p. 29 17. Chapter 10: Minor Salivary Gland Malignancy of Pharyngeal Mucosal Space - p. 31 18. Chapter 11: Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma of Pharyngeal Mucosal Space - p. 33 19. SECTION 4: MASTICATOR SPACE - p. 37 20. Chapter 12: Masticator Space Overview - p. 37 21. PSEUDOLESIONS - p. 43 22. Chapter 13: Pterygoid Venous Plexus Asymmetry - p. 43 23. Chapter 14: Benign Masticator Muscle Hypertrophy - p. 45 24. Chapter 15: CNV3 Motor Denervation - p. 47 25. INFECTIOUS LESIONS - p. 51 26. Chapter 16: Masticator Space Abscess - p. 51 27. BENIGN TUMORS - p. 55 28. Chapter 17: Masticator Space CNV3 Schwannoma - p. 55 29. MALIGNANT TUMORS - p. 57 30. Chapter 18: Masticator Space CNV3 Perineural Tumor - p. 57 31. Chapter 19: Masticator Space Chondrosarcoma - p. 61 32. Chapter 20: Masticator Space Sarcoma - p. 65 33. SECTION 5: PAROTID SPACE - p. 69 34. Chapter 21: Parotid Space Overview - p. 69 35. INFECTIOUS AND INFLAMMATORY LESIONS - p. 75 36. Chapter 22: Acute Parotitis - p. 75 37. Chapter 23: Parotid Sjögren Syndrome - p. 79 38. Chapter 24: Benign Lymphoepithelial Cysts of HIV - p. 83 39. BENIGN TUMORS - p. 87 40. Chapter 25: Parotid Benign Mixed Tumor - p. 87 41. Chapter 26: Warthin Tumor - p. 91 42. Chapter 27: Parotid Schwannoma - p. 95 43. MALIGNANT TUMORS - p. 97 44. Chapter 28: Parotid Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma - p. 97 45. Chapter 29: Parotid Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma - p. 101 46. Chapter 30: Parotid Acinic Cell Carcinoma - p. 103 47. Chapter 31: Parotid Malignant Mixed Tumor - p. 105 48. Chapter 32: Parotid Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma - p. 107 49. Chapter 33: Metastatic Disease of Parotid Nodes - p. 111 50. SECTION 6: CAROTID SPACE - p. 115 51. Chapter 34: Carotid Space Overview - p. 115 52. NORMAL VARIANTS - p. 121 53. Chapter 35: Tortuous Carotid Artery in Neck - p. 121 54. VASCULAR LESIONS - p. 123 55. Chapter 36: Carotid Artery Dissection in Neck - p. 123 56. Chapter 37: Carotid Artery Pseudoaneurysm in Neck - p. 127 57. Chapter 38: Carotid Artery Fibromuscular Dysplasia in Neck - p. 129 58. Chapter 39: Acute Idiopathic Carotidynia - p. 131 59. Chapter 40: Jugular Vein Thrombosis - p. 133 60. Chapter 41: Postpharyngitis Venous Thrombosis (Lemierre) - p. 137 61. BENIGN TUMORS - p. 139 62. Chapter 42: Carotid Body Paraganglioma - p. 139 63. Chapter 43: Glomus Vagale Paraganglioma - p. 143 64. Chapter 44: Carotid Space Schwannoma - p. 147 65. Chapter 45: Sympathetic Schwannoma - p. 151 66. Chapter 46: Carotid Space Neurofibroma - p. 153 67. Chapter 47: Carotid Space Meningioma - p. 155 68. SECTION 7: RETROPHARYNGEAL SPACE - p. 157 69. Chapter 48: Retropharyngeal Space Overview - p. 157 70. INFECTIOUS AND INFLAMMATORY LESIONS - p. 163 71. Chapter 49: Reactive Adenopathy of Retropharyngeal Space - p. 163 72. Chapter 50: Suppurative Adenopathy of Retropharyngeal Space - p. 165 73. Chapter 51: Retropharyngeal Space Abscess - p. 167 74. Chapter 52: Retropharyngeal Space Edema - p. 171 75. METASTATIC TUMORS - p. 175 76. Chapter 53: Nodal Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Retropharyngeal Space - p. 175 77. Chapter 54: Nodal Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in Retropharyngeal Space - p. 177 78. Chapter 55: Non-Squamous Cell Carcinoma Metastatic Nodes in Retropharyngeal Space - p. 179 79. SECTION 8: PERIVERTEBRAL SPACE - p. 181 80. Chapter 56: Perivertebral Space Overview - p. 181 81. PSEUDOLESIONS - p. 187 82. Chapter 57: Levator Scapulae Muscle Hypertrophy - p. 187 83. INFECTIOUS AND INFLAMMATORY LESIONS - p. 189 84. Chapter 58: Acute Calcific Longus Colli Tendonitis - p. 189 85. Chapter 59: Perivertebral Space Infection - p. 191 86. VASCULAR LESIONS - p. 195 87. Chapter 60: Vertebral Artery Dissection in Neck - p. 195 88. BENIGN AND MALIGNANT TUMORS - p. 197 89. Chapter 61: Brachial Plexus Schwannoma in Perivertebral Space - p. 197 90. Chapter 62: Chordoma in Perivertebral Space - p. 199 91. Chapter 63: Vertebral Body Metastasis in Perivertebral Space - p. 201 92. SECTION 9: POSTERIOR CERVICAL SPACE - p. 205 93. Chapter 64: Posterior Cervical Space Overview - p. 205 94. BENIGN TUMORS - p. 209 95. Chapter 65: Posterior Cervical Space Schwannoma - p. 209 96. METASTATIC TUMORS - p. 213 97. Chapter 66: Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Spinal Accessory Node - p. 213 98. Chapter 67: Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in Spinal Accessory Node - p. 215 99. SECTION 10: VISCERAL SPACE - p. 217 100. Chapter 68: Visceral Space Overview - p. 217 101. INFLAMMATORY LESIONS - p. 223 102. Chapter 69: Chronic Lymphocytic Thyroiditis (Hashimoto) - p. 223 103. METABOLIC DISEASE - p. 225 104. Chapter 70: Multinodular Goiter - p. 225 105. BENIGN TUMORS - p. 229 106. Chapter 71: Thyroid Adenoma - p. 229 107. Chapter 72: Parathyroid Adenoma in Visceral Space - p. 233 108. MALIGNANT TUMORS - p. 237 109. Chapter 73: Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma - p. 237 110. Chapter 74: Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma - p. 241 111. Chapter 75: Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma - p. 245 112. Chapter 76: Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma of Thyroid - p. 249 113. Chapter 77: Parathyroid Carcinoma - p. 251 114. Chapter 78: Thyroglossal Duct Cyst Carcinoma - p. 253 115. Chapter 79: Cervical Esophageal Carcinoma - p. 257 116. MISCELLANEOUS - p. 259 117. Chapter 80: Esophagopharyngeal Diverticulum (Zenker) - p. 259 118. Chapter 81: Colloid Cyst of Thyroid - p. 261 119. Chapter 82: Lateral Cervical Esophageal Diverticulum - p. 263 120. SECTION 11: HYPOPHARYNX, LARYNX, AND CERVICAL TRACHEA - p. 265 121. Chapter 83: Hypopharynx, Larynx, and Trachea Overview - p. 265 122. INFECTIOUS AND INFLAMMATORY LESIONS - p. 273 123. Chapter 84: Croup - p. 273 124. Chapter 85: Epiglottitis in Child - p. 277 125. Chapter 86: Supraglottitis - p. 278 126. TRAUMA - p. 279 127. Chapter 87: Laryngeal Trauma - p. 279 128. BENIGN AND MALIGNANT TUMORS - p. 283 129. Chapter 88: Upper Airway Infantile Hemangioma - p. 283 130. Chapter 89: Laryngeal Chondrosarcoma - p. 285 131. TREATMENT-RELATED LESIONS - p. 289 132. Chapter 90: Postradiation Larynx - p. 289 133. MISCELLANEOUS - p. 293 134. Chapter 91: Laryngocele - p. 293 135. Chapter 92: Vocal Cord Paralysis - p. 297 136. Chapter 93: Acquired Subglottic-Tracheal Stenosis - p. 301 137. SECTION 12: LYMPH NODES - p. 305 138. Chapter 94: Lymph Node Overview - p. 305 139. INFECTIOUS AND INFLAMMATORY LESIONS - p. 311 140. Chapter 95: Reactive Lymph Nodes - p. 311 141. Chapter 96: Suppurative Lymph Nodes - p. 315 142. Chapter 97: Tuberculous Lymph Nodes - p. 319 143. Chapter 98: Nontuberculous Mycobacterium Nodes - p. 321 144. Chapter 99: Sarcoidosis Lymph Nodes - p. 322 145. Chapter 100: Giant Lymph Node Hyperplasia (Castleman Disease) - p. 323 146. Chapter 101: Histiocytic Necrotizing Lymphadenitis (Kikuchi-Fujimoto) - p. 327 147. Chapter 102: Kimura Disease - p. 329 148. MALIGNANT TUMORS - p. 333 149. Chapter 103: Nodal Hodgkin Lymphoma in Neck - p. 333 150. Chapter 104: Nodal Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in Neck - p. 337 151. Chapter 105: Nodal Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma - p. 341 152. Chapter 106: Systemic Nodal Metastases in Neck - p. 343 153. SECTION 13: TRANSSPATIAL AND MULTISPATIAL - p. 345 154. Chapter 107: Transspatial and Multispatial Overview - p. 345 155. NORMAL VARIANTS - p. 349 156. Chapter 108: Prominent Thoracic Duct in Neck - p. 349 157. BENIGN TUMORS - p. 351 158. Chapter 109: Lipoma of Head and Neck - p. 351 159. Chapter 110: Hemangiopericytoma of Head and Neck - p. 355 160. Chapter 111: Plexiform Neurofibroma of Head and Neck - p. 357 161. MALIGNANT TUMORS - p. 359 162. Chapter 112: Posttransplantation Lymphoproliferative Disorder - p. 359 163. Chapter 113: Extraosseous Chordoma - p. 361 164. Chapter 114: Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma of Head and Neck - p. 363 165. Chapter 115: Liposarcoma of Head and Neck - p. 367 166. Chapter 116: Synovial Sarcoma of Head and Neck - p. 369 167. Chapter 117: Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor of Head and Neck - p. 371 168. MISCELLANEOUS - p. 373 169. Chapter 118: Lymphocele of Neck - p. 373 170. Chapter 119: Sinus Histiocytosis (Rosai-Dorfman) of Head and Neck - p. 375 171. Chapter 120: Fibromatosis of Head and Neck - p. 377 172. Chapter 121: IgG4-Related Disease - p. 381 173. Chapter 122: COVID-19 - p. 384 174. SECTION 14: ORAL CAVITY - p. 389 175. Chapter 123: Oral Cavity Overview - p. 389 176. PSEUDOLESIONS - p. 397 177. Chapter 124: Hypoglossal Nerve Motor Denervation - p. 397 178. CONGENITAL LESIONS - p. 399 179. Chapter 125: Submandibular Space Accessory Salivary Tissue - p. 399 180. Chapter 126: Oral Cavity Dermoid and Epidermoid - p. 401 181. Chapter 127: Oral Cavity Lymphatic Malformation - p. 405 182. Chapter 128: Lingual Thyroid - p. 407 183. INFECTIOUS AND INFLAMMATORY LESIONS - p. 409 184. Chapter 129: Ranula - p. 409 185. Chapter 130: Oral Cavity Sialocele - p. 413 186. Chapter 131: Submandibular Gland Sialadenitis - p. 415 187. Chapter 132: Oral Cavity Abscess - p. 417 188. BENIGN TUMORS - p. 421 189. Chapter 133: Submandibular Gland Benign Mixed Tumor - p. 421 190. Chapter 134: Palate Benign Mixed Tumor - p. 423 191. MALIGNANT TUMORS - p. 425 192. Chapter 135: Sublingual Gland Carcinoma - p. 425 193. Chapter 136: Submandibular Gland Carcinoma - p. 427 194. Chapter 137: Oral Cavity Minor Salivary Gland Malignancy - p. 429 195. Chapter 138: Submandibular Space Nodal Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma - p. 431 196. Chapter 139: Submandibular Space Nodal Squamous Cell Carcinoma - p. 433 197. SECTION 15: MANDIBLE-MAXILLA AND TMJ - p. 435 198. Chapter 140: Mandible-Maxilla and TMJ Overview - p. 435 199. CONGENITAL LESIONS - p. 443 200. Chapter 141: Solitary Median Maxillary Central Incisor - p. 443 201. NONNEOPLASTIC CYSTS - p. 445 202. Chapter 142: Nasolabial Cyst - p. 445 203. Chapter 143: Periapical Cyst (Radicular) - p. 447 204. Chapter 144: Dentigerous Cyst - p. 449 205. Chapter 145: Simple Bone Cyst (Traumatic) - p. 451 206. Chapter 146: Nasopalatine Duct Cyst - p. 453 207. INFECTIOUS AND INFLAMMATORY LESIONS - p. 455 208. Chapter 147: TMJ Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis - p. 455 209. Chapter 148: Mandible-Maxilla Osteomyelitis - p. 457 210. TUMOR-LIKE LESIONS - p. 459 211. Chapter 149: TMJ Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate Deposition Disease - p. 459 212. Chapter 150: TMJ Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis - p. 461 213. Chapter 151: TMJ Synovial Chondromatosis - p. 463 214. Chapter 152: Mandible-Maxilla Central Giant Cell Granuloma - p. 465 215. BENIGN AND MALIGNANT TUMORS - p. 467 216. Chapter 153: Ameloblastoma - p. 467 217. Chapter 154: Odontogenic Keratocyst - p. 471 218. Chapter 155: Mandible-Maxilla Osteosarcoma - p. 475 219. TREATMENT-RELATED LESIONS - p. 477 220. Chapter 156: Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of Jaw (MRONJ) - p. 477 221. SECTION 16: INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW OF SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA - p. 479 222. Chapter 157: Squamous Cell Carcinoma Overview - p. 479 223. SECTION 17: PRIMARY SITES, PERINEURAL TUMOR AND NODES - p. 487 224. NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA - p. 487 225. Chapter 158: Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma - p. 487 226. OROPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA - p. 493 227. Chapter 159: Base of Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma - p. 493 228. Chapter 160: Palatine Tonsil Squamous Cell Carcinoma - p. 497 229. Chapter 161: Posterior Oropharyngeal Wall Squamous Cell Carcinoma - p. 501 230. Chapter 162: HPV-Related Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma - p. 503 231. Chapter 163: Soft Palate Squamous Cell Carcinoma - p. 507 232. ORAL CAVITY CARCINOMA - p. 509 233. Chapter 164: Oral Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma - p. 509 234. Chapter 165: Floor of Mouth Squamous Cell Carcinoma - p. 513 235. Chapter 166: Alveolar Ridge Squamous Cell Carcinoma - p. 515 236. Chapter 167: Retromolar Trigone Squamous Cell Carcinoma - p. 517 237. Chapter 168: Buccal Mucosa Squamous Cell Carcinoma - p. 519 238. Chapter 169: Hard Palate Squamous Cell Carcinoma - p. 521 239. HYPOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA - p. 523 240. Chapter 170: Pyriform Sinus Squamous Cell Carcinoma - p. 523 241. Chapter 171: Postcricoid Region Squamous Cell Carcinoma - p. 527 242. Chapter 172: Posterior Hypopharyngeal Wall Squamous Cell Carcinoma - p. 529 243. LARYNGEAL CARCINOMA - p. 531 244. Chapter 173: Supraglottic Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma - p. 531 245. Chapter 174: Glottic Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma - p. 535 246. Chapter 175: Subglottic Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma - p. 537 247. Chapter 176: Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma With Secondary Laryngocele - p. 539 248. PERINEURAL TUMOR - p. 541 249. Chapter 177: Perineural Tumor Spread - p. 541 250. SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA LYMPH NODES - p. 545 251. Chapter 178: Nodal Squamous Cell Carcinoma - p. 545 252. SECTION 18: POSTTREATMENT NECK - p. 551 253. Chapter 179: Nodal Dissection in Neck - p. 551 254. Chapter 180: Reconstruction Flaps in Neck - p. 557 255. Chapter 181: Expected Changes of Neck Radiation Therapy - p. 561 256. Chapter 182: Complications of Neck Radiation Therapy - p. 565 257. Chapter 183: Osteoradionecrosis - p. 569 258. Chapter 184: Post Laryngectomy - p. 573 259. SECTION 19: PEDIATRIC LESIONS - p. 579 260. Chapter 185: Approach to Congenital Cystic Neck Masses - p. 579 261. CONGENITAL LESIONS - p. 585 262. Chapter 186: Lymphatic Malformation - p. 585 263. Chapter 187: Venous Malformation - p. 589 264. Chapter 188: Congenital Vallecular Cyst - p. 593 265. Chapter 189: Thyroglossal Duct Cyst - p. 595 266. Chapter 190: Cervical Thymic Cyst - p. 599 267. Chapter 191: 1st Branchial Cleft Cyst - p. 603 268. Chapter 192: 2nd Branchial Cleft Cyst - p. 607 269. Chapter 193: 3rd Branchial Cleft Cyst - p. 611 270. Chapter 194: 4th Branchial Cleft Cyst - p. 615 271. Chapter 195: Dermoid and Epidermoid Cysts - p. 619 272. BENIGN TUMORS AND TUMOR-LIKE LESIONS - p. 623 273. Chapter 196: Infantile Hemangioma - p. 623 274. Chapter 197: Fibromatosis Colli - p. 627 275. MALIGNANT TUMORS - p. 629 276. Chapter 198: Rhabdomyosarcoma - p. 629 277. Chapter 199: Primary Cervical Neuroblastoma - p. 630 278. Chapter 200: Metastatic Neuroblastoma - p. 631 279. SECTION 20: SYNDROMIC DISEASES - p. 635 280. Chapter 201: Neurofibromatosis Type 1 - p. 635 281. Chapter 202: Schwannomatosis - p. 641 282. Chapter 203: Neurofibromatosis Type 2 - p. 643 283. Chapter 204: Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome - p. 645 284. Chapter 205: Branchiootorenal Syndrome - p. 647 285. Chapter 206: CHARGE Syndrome - p. 651 286. Chapter 207: Hemifacial Microsomia - p. 655 287. Chapter 208: Treacher Collins Syndrome - p. 657 288. Chapter 209: Pierre Robin Sequence - p. 658 289. Chapter 210: X-Linked Stapes Gusher (DFNX2) - p. 659 290. Chapter 211: McCune-Albright Syndrome - p. 661 291. Chapter 212: Cherubism - p. 662 292. Chapter 213: Mucopolysaccharidosis - p. 663 293. SECTION 21: NOSE AND SINUS - p. 665 294. Chapter 214: Sinonasal Overview - p. 665 295. CONGENITAL LESIONS - p. 673 296. Chapter 215: Nasolacrimal Duct Mucocele - p. 673 297. Chapter 216: Choanal Atresia - p. 675 298. Chapter 217: Nasal Glioma - p. 679 299. Chapter 218: Nasal Dermal Sinus - p. 683 300. Chapter 219: Frontoethmoidal Cephalocele - p. 687 301. Chapter 220: Congenital Nasal Pyriform Aperture Stenosis - p. 691 302. INFECTIOUS AND INFLAMMATORY LESIONS - p. 693 303. Chapter 221: Acute Rhinosinusitis - p. 693 304. Chapter 222: Chronic Rhinosinusitis - p. 697 305. Chapter 223: Complications of Rhinosinusitis - p. 701 306. Chapter 224: Allergic Fungal Sinusitis - p. 705 307. Chapter 225: Sinus Mycetoma - p. 707 308. Chapter 226: Invasive Fungal Sinusitis - p. 709 309. Chapter 227: Sinonasal Polyposis - p. 713 310. Chapter 228: Solitary Sinonasal Polyp - p. 717 311. Chapter 229: Sinonasal Mucocele - p. 721 312. Chapter 230: Sinonasal Organized Hematoma - p. 725 313. Chapter 231: Silent Sinus Syndrome - p. 727 314. Chapter 232: Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis (Wegener) - p. 729 315. Chapter 233: Nasal Cocaine Necrosis - p. 733 316. BENIGN TUMORS AND TUMOR-LIKE LESIONS - p. 735 317. Chapter 234: Sinonasal Fibrous Dysplasia - p. 735 318. Chapter 235: Sinonasal Osteoma - p. 737 319. Chapter 236: Sinonasal Ossifying Fibroma - p. 741 320. Chapter 237: Juvenile Angiofibroma - p. 745 321. Chapter 238: Sinonasal Inverted Papilloma - p. 749 322. Chapter 239: Sinonasal Hemangioma - p. 753 323. Chapter 240: Sinonasal Nerve Sheath Tumor - p. 755 324. Chapter 241: Sinonasal Benign Mixed Tumor - p. 757 325. MALIGNANT TUMORS - p. 759 326. Chapter 242: Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma - p. 759 327. Chapter 243: Esthesioneuroblastoma - p. 763 328. Chapter 244: Sinonasal Melanoma - p. 767 329. Chapter 245: Sinonasal Adenocarcinoma - p. 769 330. Chapter 246: Sinonasal Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma - p. 771 331. Chapter 247: Sinonasal Neuroendocrine Carcinoma - p. 775 332. Chapter 248: Sinonasal Undifferentiated Carcinoma - p. 777 333. Chapter 249: Sinonasal Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma - p. 778 334. Chapter 250: Sinonasal Chondrosarcoma - p. 779 335. Chapter 251: Sinonasal Osteosarcoma - p. 780 336. SECTION 22: ORBIT - p. 782 337. Chapter 252: Orbit Overview - p. 782 338. CONGENITAL LESIONS - p. 787 339. Chapter 253: Coloboma - p. 787 340. Chapter 254: Persistent Hyperplastic Primary Vitreous - p. 791 341. Chapter 255: Coats Disease - p. 793 342. Chapter 256: Orbital Dermoid and Epidermoid - p. 795 343. Chapter 257: Orbital Neurofibromatosis Type 1 - p. 799 344. VASCULAR LESIONS - p. 803 345. Chapter 258: Orbital Lymphatic Malformation - p. 803 346. Chapter 259: Orbital Venous Varix - p. 807 347. Chapter 260: Orbital Cavernous Venous Malformation (Hemangioma) - p. 809 348. INFECTIOUS AND INFLAMMATORY LESIONS - p. 813 349. Chapter 261: Ocular Toxocariasis - p. 813 350. Chapter 262: Orbital Subperiosteal Abscess - p. 815 351. Chapter 263: Orbital Cellulitis - p. 819 352. Chapter 264: Idiopathic Orbital Inflammation (Pseudotumor) - p. 821 353. Chapter 265: Orbital Sarcoidosis - p. 825 354. Chapter 266: Thyroid-Associated Orbitopathy - p. 827 355. Chapter 267: Optic Neuritis - p. 831 356. TUMOR-LIKE LESIONS - p. 835 357. Chapter 268: Orbital Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis - p. 835 358. BENIGN TUMORS - p. 837 359. Chapter 269: Orbital Infantile Hemangioma - p. 837 360. Chapter 270: Optic Pathway Glioma - p. 841 361. Chapter 271: Optic Nerve Sheath Meningioma - p. 845 362. Chapter 272: Lacrimal Gland Benign Mixed Tumor - p. 849 363. MALIGNANT TUMORS - p. 851 364. Chapter 273: Retinoblastoma - p. 851 365. Chapter 274: Ocular Melanoma - p. 855 366. Chapter 275: Orbital Lymphoproliferative Lesions - p. 859 367. Chapter 276: Lacrimal Gland Carcinoma - p. 863 368. SECTION 23: SKULL BASE LESIONS - p. 865 369. Chapter 277: Skull Base Overview - p. 865 370. CLIVUS - p. 873 371. Chapter 278: Ecchordosis Physaliphora - p. 873 372. Chapter 279: Fossa Navicularis Magna - p. 875 373. Chapter 280: Invasive Pituitary Macroadenoma - p. 877 374. Chapter 281: Chordoma - p. 879 375. SPHENOID BONE - p. 883 376. Chapter 282: Persistent Craniopharyngeal Canal - p. 883 377. Chapter 283: Sphenoid Benign Fatty Lesion - p. 885 378. Chapter 284: Central Skull Base Trigeminal Schwannoma - p. 886 379. OCCIPITAL BONE - p. 887 380. Chapter 285: Hypoglossal Nerve Schwannoma - p. 887 381. JUGULAR FORAMEN - p. 889 382. Chapter 286: Jugular Bulb Pseudolesion - p. 889 383. Chapter 287: High Jugular Bulb - p. 891 384. Chapter 288: Dehiscent Jugular Bulb - p. 893 385. Chapter 289: Jugular Bulb Diverticulum - p. 895 386. Chapter 290: Glomus Jugulare Paraganglioma - p. 897 387. Chapter 291: Jugular Foramen Schwannoma - p. 901 388. Chapter 292: Jugular Foramen Meningioma - p. 905 389. DURAL SINUSES - p. 907 390. Chapter 293: Dural Sinus and Aberrant Arachnoid Granulations - p. 907 391. Chapter 294: Skull Base Dural Sinus Thrombosis - p. 911 392. Chapter 295: Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis - p. 915 393. Chapter 296: Dural Arteriovenous Fistula - p. 917 394. DIFFUSE OR MULTIFOCAL SKULL BASE DISEASE - p. 921 395. Chapter 297: Skull Base Cephalocele - p. 921 396. Chapter 298: Skull Base CSF Leak - p. 925 397. Chapter 299: Skull Base Fibrous Dysplasia - p. 927 398. Chapter 300: Skull Base Paget Disease - p. 931 399. Chapter 301: Skull Base Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis - p. 933 400. Chapter 302: Skull Base Osteopetrosis - p. 937 401. Chapter 303: Skull Base Giant Cell Tumor - p. 939 402. Chapter 304: Skull Base Meningioma - p. 941 403. Chapter 305: Skull Base Plasmacytoma - p. 945 404. Chapter 306: Skull Base Multiple Myeloma - p. 949 405. Chapter 307: Skull Base Metastasis - p. 951 406. Chapter 308: Skull Base Chondrosarcoma - p. 953 407. Chapter 309: Skull Base Osteosarcoma - p. 957 408. Chapter 310: Skull Base Osteomyelitis - p. 959 409. SECTION 24: SKULL BASE, FACIAL, AND TEMPORAL BONE TRAUMA - p. 963 410. Chapter 311: Skull Base and Facial Trauma Overview - p. 963 411. SKULL BASE AND TEMPORAL BONE - p. 969 412. Chapter 312: Temporal Bone Fractures - p. 969 413. Chapter 313: Ossicular Dislocations and Disruptions - p. 973 414. Chapter 314: Skull Base Trauma - p. 975 415. FACIAL BONES - p. 979 416. Chapter 315: Orbital Foreign Body - p. 979 417. Chapter 316: Orbital Blowout Fracture - p. 981 418. Chapter 317: Transfacial Fractures (Le Fort) - p. 983 419. Chapter 318: Zygomaticomaxillary Complex Fracture - p. 987 420. Chapter 319: Complex Facial Fracture - p. 989 421. Chapter 320: Nasoorbitoethmoid (NOE) Fracture - p. 991 422. Chapter 321: Mandible Fracture - p. 993 423. Chapter 322: TMJ Disc Displacement - p. 995 424. SECTION 25: TEMPORAL BONE - p. 997 425. Chapter 323: Temporal Bone Overview - p. 997 426. EXTERNAL AUDITORY CANAL - p. 1007 427. CONGENITAL LESIONS - p. 1007 428. Chapter 324: Foramen Tympanicum - p. 1007 429. Chapter 325: Congenital External and Middle Ear Malformation - p. 1009 430. INFECTIOUS AND INFLAMMATORY LESIONS - p. 1013 431. Chapter 326: Necrotizing External Otitis - p. 1013 432. Chapter 327: Keratosis Obturans - p. 1015 433. Chapter 328: Medial Canal Fibrosis - p. 1017 434. Chapter 329: EAC-Acquired Cholesteatoma - p. 1021 435. BENIGN AND MALIGNANT TUMORS - p. 1023 436. Chapter 330: EAC Osteoma - p. 1023 437. Chapter 331: EAC Exostoses - p. 1025 438. Chapter 332: EAC Skin Squamous Cell Carcinoma - p. 1027 439. MIDDLE EAR-MASTOID - p. 1029 440. CONGENITAL LESIONS - p. 1029 441. Chapter 333: Congenital Middle Ear Cholesteatoma - p. 1029 442. Chapter 334: Congenital Mastoid Cholesteatoma - p. 1033 443. Chapter 335: Oval Window Atresia - p. 1035 444. Chapter 336: Lateralized Internal Carotid Artery - p. 1037 445. Chapter 337: Aberrant Internal Carotid Artery - p. 1039 446. Chapter 338: Persistent Stapedial Artery - p. 1043 447. INFECTIOUS AND INFLAMMATORY LESIONS - p. 1045 448. Chapter 339: Coalescent Otomastoiditis With Complications - p. 1045 449. Chapter 340: Chronic Otomastoiditis With Ossicular Erosions - p. 1049 450. Chapter 341: Chronic Otomastoiditis With Tympanosclerosis - p. 1051 451. Chapter 342: Pars Flaccida Cholesteatoma - p. 1053 452. Chapter 343: Pars Tensa Cholesteatoma - p. 1057 453. Chapter 344: Mural Cholesteatoma - p. 1061 454. Chapter 345: Middle Ear Cholesterol Granuloma - p. 1063 455. BENIGN AND MALIGNANT TUMORS - p. 1067 456. Chapter 346: Glomus Tympanicum Paraganglioma - p. 1067 457. Chapter 347: Temporal Bone Meningioma - p. 1071 458. Chapter 348: Middle Ear Schwannoma - p. 1075 459. Chapter 349: Middle Ear Adenoma - p. 1077 460. Chapter 350: Temporal Bone Rhabdomyosarcoma - p. 1079 461. MISCELLANEOUS - p. 1083 462. Chapter 351: Temporal Bone Cephalocele - p. 1083 463. Chapter 352: Ossicular Prosthesis - p. 1085 464. INNER EAR - p. 1089 465. PSEUDOLESIONS - p. 1089 466. Chapter 353: Petromastoid Canal - p. 1089 467. Chapter 354: Cochlear Cleft - p. 1091 468. CONGENITAL LESIONS - p. 1093 469. Chapter 355: Labyrinthine Aplasia - p. 1093 470. Chapter 356: Cochlear Aplasia - p. 1095 471. Chapter 357: Cochlear Hypoplasia - p. 1097 472. Chapter 358: Common Cavity Malformation - p. 1099 473. Chapter 359: Cystic Cochleovestibular Malformation (IP-I) - p. 1101 474. Chapter 360: Cochlear Incomplete Partition Type I (IP-I) - p. 1103 475. Chapter 361: Cochlear Incomplete Partition Type II (IP-II) - p. 1105 476. Chapter 362: Large Vestibular Aqueduct - p. 1107 477. Chapter 363: Cochlear Nerve and Cochlear Nerve Canal Aplasia-Hypoplasia - p. 1111 478. Chapter 364: Semicircular Canal Hypoplasia-Aplasia - p. 1113 479. Chapter 365: Semicircular Canal-Vestibule Globular Anomaly - p. 1117 480. INFECTIOUS AND INFLAMMATORY LESIONS - p. 1119 481. Chapter 366: Labyrinthitis - p. 1119 482. Chapter 367: Otosyphilis - p. 1121 483. Chapter 368: Labyrinthine Ossificans - p. 1123 484. Chapter 369: Otosclerosis - p. 1127 485. Chapter 370: Temporal Bone Osteogenesis Imperfecta - p. 1131 486. BENIGN AND MALIGNANT TUMORS - p. 1133 487. Chapter 371: Intralabyrinthine Schwannoma - p. 1133 488. Chapter 372: Endolymphatic Sac Tumor - p. 1137 489. MISCELLANEOUS - p. 1139 490. Chapter 373: Intralabyrinthine Hemorrhage - p. 1139 491. Chapter 374: Semicircular Canal Dehiscence - p. 1141 492. Chapter 375: Cochlear Implant - p. 1143 493. PETROUS APEX - p. 1147 494. PSEUDOLESIONS - p. 1147 495. Chapter 376: Petrous Apex Asymmetric Marrow - p. 1147 496. Chapter 377: Petrous Apex Cephalocele - p. 1149 497. CONGENITAL LESIONS - p. 1151 498. Chapter 378: Congenital Petrous Apex Cholesteatoma - p. 1151 499. INFECTIOUS AND INFLAMMATORY LESIONS - p. 1155 500. Chapter 379: Petrous Apex Trapped Fluid - p. 1155 501. Chapter 380: Petrous Apex Mucocele - p. 1157 502. Chapter 381: Petrous Apex Cholesterol Granuloma - p. 1159 503. Chapter 382: Apical Petrositis - p. 1163 504. VASCULAR LESIONS - p. 1167 505. Chapter 383: Petrous Internal Carotid Artery Aneurysm - p. 1167 506. INTRATEMPORAL FACIAL NERVE - p. 1169 507. PSEUDOLESIONS - p. 1169 508. Chapter 384: Intratemporal Facial Nerve Enhancement - p. 1169 509. Chapter 385: Middle Ear Prolapsing Facial Nerve - p. 1171 510. INFECTIOUS AND INFLAMMATORY LESIONS - p. 1173 511. Chapter 386: Bell Palsy - p. 1173 512. BENIGN AND MALIGNANT TUMORS - p. 1177 513. Chapter 387: Temporal Bone Facial Nerve Venous Malformation (Hemangioma) - p. 1177 514. Chapter 388: Temporal Bone Facial Nerve Schwannoma - p. 1181 515. Chapter 389: Temporal Bone Perineural Parotid Malignancy - p. 1185 516. TEMPORAL BONE, NO SPECIFIC ANATOMIC LOCATION - p. 1189 517. Chapter 390: Temporal Bone CSF Leak - p. 1189 518. Chapter 391: Temporal Bone Arachnoid Granulations - p. 1191 519. Chapter 392: Temporal Bone Fibrous Dysplasia - p. 1193 520. Chapter 393: Temporal Bone Paget Disease - p. 1195 521. Chapter 394: Temporal Bone Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis - p. 1197 522. Chapter 395: Temporal Bone Metastasis - p. 1199 523. Chapter 396: Temporal Bone Osteoradionecrosis - p. 1201 524. SECTION 26: CPA-IAC - p. 1203 525. INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW - p. 1203 526. Chapter 397: CPA-IAC Overview - p. 1203 527. CONGENITAL LESIONS - p. 1209 528. Chapter 398: CPA-IAC Epidermoid Cyst - p. 1209 529. Chapter 399: CPA-IAC Arachnoid Cyst - p. 1213 530. Chapter 400: Lipoma in CPA-IAC - p. 1217 531. Chapter 401: IAC Venous Malformation - p. 1221 532. INFECTIOUS AND INFLAMMATORY LESIONS - p. 1223 533. Chapter 402: CPA-IAC Meningitis - p. 1223 534. Chapter 403: Ramsay Hunt Syndrome - p. 1225 535. Chapter 404: CPA-IAC Neurosarcoid - p. 1227 536. BENIGN AND MALIGNANT TUMORS - p. 1229 537. Chapter 405: Vestibular Schwannoma - p. 1229 538. Chapter 406: PHACE(S) Syndrome - p. 1233 539. Chapter 407: CPA-IAC Meningioma - p. 1235 540. Chapter 408: CPA-IAC Facial Nerve Schwannoma - p. 1239 541. Chapter 409: CPA-IAC Metastases - p. 1241 542. VASCULAR LESIONS - p. 1245 543. Chapter 410: Trigeminal Neuralgia - p. 1245 544. Chapter 411: Hemifacial Spasm - p. 1247 545. Chapter 412: CPA-IAC Aneurysm - p. 1249 546. Chapter 413: CPA-IAC Superficial Siderosis - p. 1251 547. INDEX - p. 1255
