Covering the entire spectrum of this fast-changing field, Diagnostic Imaging: Obstetrics, fourth edition, is an invaluable resource for radiologists, perinatologists, and trainees—anyone who requires an easily accessible, highly visual reference on today’s obstetric imaging. Dr. Paula J. Woodward and a team of highly regarded experts provide up-to-date information on recent advances in technology and the understanding of fetal development and disease processes to help you make informed decisions at the point of care. The text is lavishly illustrated, delineated, and referenced, making it a useful learning tool as well as a handy reference for daily practice.
1. INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW - p. xiii 2. Chapter 1: Embryology and Anatomy of the First Trimester - p. xiii 3. Chapter 2: Approach to the First Trimester - p. 15 4. ABNORMAL INTRAUTERINE GESTATION - p. 19 5. Chapter 3: Failed First-Trimester Pregnancy - p. 19 6. Chapter 4: Perigestational Hemorrhage - p. 23 7. Chapter 5: Chorionic Bump - p. 25 8. Chapter 6: Complete Hydatidiform Mole - p. 27 9. ECTOPIC GESTATION - p. 31 10. Chapter 7: Tubal Ectopic - p. 31 11. Chapter 8: Interstitial Ectopic - p. 37 12. Chapter 9: Cesarean Section Scar Pregnancy - p. 41 13. Chapter 10: Cervical Ectopic - p. 43 14. Chapter 11: Ovarian Ectopic - p. 45 15. Chapter 12: Heterotopic Pregnancy - p. 47 16. Chapter 13: Abdominal Ectopic - p. 49 17. PERTINENT DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES - p. 51 18. Chapter 14: Abnormal Gestational Sac and Contents - p. 51 19. SECTION 2: BRAIN - p. 57 20. INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW - p. 57 21. Chapter 15: Embryology and Anatomy of the Brain - p. 57 22. Chapter 16: Approach to the Supratentorial Brain - p. 75 23. Chapter 17: Approach to the Posterior Fossa - p. 81 24. CRANIAL DEFECTS - p. 87 25. Chapter 18: Exencephaly, Anencephaly - p. 87 26. Chapter 19: Occipital, Parietal Cephalocele - p. 91 27. Chapter 20: Atretic Cephalocele - p. 95 28. Chapter 21: Frontal Cephalocele - p. 97 29. MIDLINE DEVELOPMENTAL ANOMALIES - p. 99 30. Chapter 22: Agenesis/Dysgenesis of the Corpus Callosum - p. 99 31. Chapter 23: Interhemispheric Cyst/AVID - p. 103 32. Chapter 24: Aprosencephaly, Atelencephaly - p. 107 33. Chapter 25: Alobar Holoprosencephaly - p. 109 34. Chapter 26: Semilobar Holoprosencephaly - p. 113 35. Chapter 27: Lobar Holoprosencephaly - p. 115 36. Chapter 28: Septo-Optic Dysplasia - p. 117 37. Chapter 29: Syntelencephaly - p. 121 38. CORTICAL DEVELOPMENTAL ANOMALIES - p. 125 39. Chapter 30: Schizencephaly - p. 125 40. Chapter 31: Lissencephaly - p. 129 41. Chapter 32: Gray Matter Heterotopia - p. 133 42. Chapter 33: Pachygyria, Polymicrogyria - p. 135 43. Chapter 34: Tuberous Sclerosis - p. 139 44. CYSTS - p. 143 45. Chapter 35: Choroid Plexus Cyst - p. 143 46. Chapter 36: Arachnoid Cyst - p. 145 47. DESTRUCTIVE LESIONS - p. 149 48. Chapter 37: Intracranial Hemorrhage - p. 149 49. Chapter 38: Encephalomalacia, Porencephaly - p. 153 50. Chapter 39: Hydranencephaly - p. 157 51. POSTERIOR FOSSA MALFORMATIONS - p. 159 52. Chapter 40: Aqueductal Stenosis - p. 159 53. Chapter 41: Chiari 2 Malformation - p. 163 54. Chapter 42: Chiari 3 Malformation - p. 167 55. Chapter 43: Dandy-Walker Malformation - p. 169 56. Chapter 44: Vermian Dysgenesis - p. 173 57. Chapter 45: Blake Pouch Cyst - p. 175 58. Chapter 46: Mega Cisterna Magna - p. 179 59. Chapter 47: Cerebellar Hypoplasia - p. 181 60. Chapter 48: Rhombencephalosynapsis - p. 185 61. VASCULAR MALFORMATIONS - p. 189 62. Chapter 49: Vein of Galen Aneurysmal Malformation - p. 189 63. Chapter 50: Arteriovenous Fistula - p. 193 64. Chapter 51: Dural Sinus Malformation - p. 195 65. TUMORS - p. 197 66. Chapter 52: Brain Tumors - p. 197 67. Chapter 53: Choroid Plexus Papilloma - p. 199 68. Chapter 54: Intracranial Lipoma - p. 201 69. PERTINENT DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES - p. 203 70. Chapter 55: Absent Cavum Septi Pellucidi - p. 203 71. Chapter 56: Mild Ventriculomegaly - p. 207 72. Chapter 57: Microcephaly - p. 211 73. Chapter 58: Abnormal Calvarium - p. 215 74. Chapter 59: Posterior Fossa Cyst/Fluid Collection - p. 221 75. SECTION 3: SPINE - p. 225 76. Chapter 60: Embryology and Anatomy of the Spine - p. 225 77. Chapter 61: Approach to the Fetal Spine - p. 233 78. Chapter 62: Spina Bifida - p. 235 79. Chapter 63: Iniencephaly - p. 241 80. Chapter 64: Caudal Regression Sequence - p. 243 81. Chapter 65: Kyphosis, Scoliosis - p. 247 82. Chapter 66: Tethered Cord - p. 249 83. Chapter 67: Diastematomyelia - p. 251 84. Chapter 68: Sacrococcygeal Teratoma - p. 253 85. SECTION 4: FACE AND NECK - p. 259 86. Chapter 69: Embryology and Anatomy of the Face and Neck - p. 259 87. Chapter 70: Approach to the Fetal Face and Neck - p. 273 88. Chapter 71: Cleft Lip, Palate - p. 277 89. Chapter 72: Dacryocystocele - p. 283 90. Chapter 73: Coloboma - p. 285 91. Chapter 74: Epignathus - p. 287 92. Chapter 75: Epulis - p. 289 93. Chapter 76: Goiter - p. 291 94. Chapter 77: Cystic Hygroma - p. 295 95. Chapter 78: Cervical Teratoma - p. 299 96. PERTINENT DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES - p. 301 97. Chapter 79: Abnormal Orbits/Eyes - p. 301 98. Chapter 80: Abnormal Ears - p. 307 99. Chapter 81: Micrognathia - p. 311 100. Chapter 82: Macroglossia - p. 315 101. SECTION 5: CHEST - p. 317 102. Chapter 83: Embryology and Anatomy of the Chest - p. 317 103. Chapter 84: Approach to the Fetal Chest - p. 325 104. Chapter 85: Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia - p. 327 105. Chapter 86: Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation - p. 331 106. Chapter 87: Bronchopulmonary Sequestration - p. 335 107. Chapter 88: Bronchogenic Cyst - p. 339 108. Chapter 89: Congenital High Airway Obstruction Sequence (CHAOS) - p. 341 109. Chapter 90: Congenital Lobar Overinflation - p. 343 110. Chapter 91: Pulmonary Agenesis - p. 345 111. Chapter 92: Lymphangioma - p. 347 112. Chapter 93: Mediastinal Teratoma - p. 351 113. PERTINENT DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES - p. 353 114. Chapter 94: Solid/Echogenic Chest Mass - p. 353 115. Chapter 95: Cystic Chest Mass - p. 357 116. SECTION 6: HEART - p. 359 117. INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW - p. 359 118. Chapter 96: Embryology and Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System - p. 359 119. Chapter 97: Approach to the Fetal Heart - p. 369 120. ABNORMAL LOCATION - p. 375 121. Chapter 98: Heterotaxy, Cardiosplenic Syndromes - p. 375 122. Chapter 99: Ectopia Cordis - p. 379 123. SEPTAL DEFECTS - p. 383 124. Chapter 100: Ventricular Septal Defect - p. 383 125. Chapter 101: Atrioventricular Septal Defect - p. 385 126. Chapter 102: Atrial Septal Aneurysm - p. 389 127. RIGHT HEART MALFORMATIONS - p. 391 128. Chapter 103: Ebstein Anomaly - p. 391 129. Chapter 104: Tricuspid Dysplasia - p. 395 130. Chapter 105: Tricuspid Atresia - p. 397 131. Chapter 106: Pulmonary Stenosis, Atresia - p. 399 132. LEFT HEART MALFORMATIONS - p. 403 133. Chapter 107: Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome - p. 403 134. Chapter 108: Coarctation and Interrupted Aortic Arch - p. 407 135. Chapter 109: Aortic Stenosis - p. 411 136. Chapter 110: Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return - p. 415 137. CONOTRUNCAL MALFORMATIONS - p. 419 138. Chapter 111: Tetralogy of Fallot - p. 419 139. Chapter 112: Transposition of the Great Arteries - p. 423 140. Chapter 113: Truncus Arteriosus - p. 427 141. Chapter 114: Double-Outlet Right Ventricle - p. 431 142. MYOCARDIAL AND PERICARDIAL ABNORMALITIES - p. 433 143. Chapter 115: Echogenic Cardiac Focus - p. 433 144. Chapter 116: Cardiomyopathy - p. 435 145. Chapter 117: Rhabdomyoma - p. 439 146. Chapter 118: Pericardial Effusion - p. 443 147. Chapter 119: Pericardial Teratoma - p. 445 148. ABNORMAL RHYTHM - p. 447 149. Chapter 120: Irregular Rhythm - p. 447 150. Chapter 121: Tachyarrhythmia - p. 449 151. Chapter 122: Bradyarrhythmia - p. 453 152. PERTINENT DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES - p. 457 153. Chapter 123: Abnormal Cardiac Axis - p. 457 154. Chapter 124: Chamber Asymmetry - p. 463 155. CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE SURGERY - p. 467 156. Chapter 125: Blalock-Taussig Shunt - p. 467 157. Chapter 126: Norwood Procedure - p. 468 158. Chapter 127: Glenn Procedure - p. 469 159. Chapter 128: Fontan Procedure - p. 470 160. SECTION 7: ABDOMINAL WALL AND GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT - p. 471 161. INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW - p. 471 162. Chapter 129: Embryology and Anatomy of the Abdominal Wall and GI Tract - p. 471 163. Chapter 130: Approach to the Abdominal Wall and GI Tract - p. 483 164. ABDOMINAL WALL DEFECTS - p. 487 165. Chapter 131: Gastroschisis - p. 487 166. Chapter 132: Omphalocele - p. 493 167. Chapter 133: Pentalogy of Cantrell - p. 499 168. Chapter 134: Body Stalk Anomaly - p. 501 169. Chapter 135: Bladder Exstrophy - p. 505 170. Chapter 136: Cloacal Exstrophy/OEIS Syndrome - p. 509 171. BOWEL ABNORMALITIES - p. 513 172. Chapter 137: Esophageal Atresia - p. 513 173. Chapter 138: Duodenal Atresia - p. 517 174. Chapter 139: Jejunal, Ileal Atresia - p. 521 175. Chapter 140: Colonic Atresia - p. 525 176. Chapter 141: Anal Atresia - p. 527 177. Chapter 142: Cloacal Malformation/Urogenital Sinus - p. 529 178. Chapter 143: Volvulus - p. 533 179. Chapter 144: Enteric Duplication Cyst - p. 535 180. PERITONEAL ABNORMALITIES - p. 537 181. Chapter 145: Meconium Peritonitis, Pseudocyst - p. 537 182. Chapter 146: Mesenteric Lymphangioma - p. 541 183. HEPATOBILIARY ABNORMALITIES - p. 543 184. Chapter 147: Gallstones - p. 543 185. Chapter 148: Choledochal Cyst - p. 545 186. Chapter 149: Splenic Cyst - p. 547 187. Chapter 150: Gestational Alloimmune Liver Disease - p. 549 188. Chapter 151: Biliary Atresia - p. 551 189. Chapter 152: Congenital Hepatic Hemangioma - p. 553 190. Chapter 153: Mesenchymal Hamartoma - p. 555 191. Chapter 154: Hepatoblastoma - p. 557 192. PERTINENT DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES - p. 559 193. Chapter 155: Echogenic Bowel - p. 559 194. Chapter 156: Ascites - p. 561 195. Chapter 157: Cystic Abdominal Mass - p. 563 196. Chapter 158: Hepatomegaly - p. 569 197. SECTION 8: GENITOURINARY TRACT - p. 573 198. INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW - p. 573 199. Chapter 159: Embryology and Anatomy of the Genitourinary Tract - p. 573 200. Chapter 160: Approach to the Fetal Genitourinary Tract - p. 583 201. Chapter 161: Urinary Tract Dilation - p. 587 202. RENAL DEVELOPMENTAL VARIANTS - p. 591 203. Chapter 162: Unilateral Renal Agenesis - p. 591 204. Chapter 163: Duplicated Collecting System - p. 593 205. Chapter 164: Pelvic Kidney - p. 597 206. Chapter 165: Horseshoe Kidney - p. 599 207. Chapter 166: Crossed Fused Ectopia - p. 601 208. RENAL MALFORMATIONS - p. 603 209. Chapter 167: Bilateral Renal Agenesis - p. 603 210. Chapter 168: Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction - p. 607 211. Chapter 169: Urinoma - p. 611 212. Chapter 170: Obstructive Renal Dysplasia - p. 613 213. Chapter 171: Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney - p. 617 214. Chapter 172: Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease - p. 621 215. Chapter 173: Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease - p. 625 216. Chapter 174: Mesoblastic Nephroma - p. 627 217. ADRENAL ABNORMALITIES - p. 631 218. Chapter 175: Adrenal Hemorrhage - p. 631 219. Chapter 176: Neuroblastoma - p. 633 220. Chapter 177: Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia - p. 639 221. BLADDER MALFORMATIONS - p. 641 222. Chapter 178: Posterior Urethral Valves - p. 641 223. Chapter 179: Prune-Belly Syndrome - p. 645 224. Chapter 180: Ureterocele - p. 649 225. Chapter 181: Urachal Anomalies - p. 653 226. GENITAL ABNORMALITIES - p. 657 227. Chapter 182: Disorders of Sex Development - p. 657 228. Chapter 183: Hypospadias - p. 663 229. Chapter 184: Ovarian Cyst - p. 665 230. Chapter 185: Hydrocolpos - p. 669 231. PERTINENT DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES - p. 671 232. Chapter 186: Hydronephrosis - p. 671 233. Chapter 187: Echogenic Kidneys - p. 675 234. Chapter 188: Unilateral Enlarged Kidney - p. 679 235. Chapter 189: Suprarenal Mass - p. 683 236. Chapter 190: Scrotal Mass - p. 685 237. SECTION 9: MUSCULOSKELETAL - p. 689 238. DYSPLASIAS - p. 689 239. Chapter 191: Approach to Skeletal Dysplasias - p. 689 240. Chapter 192: Bone Length Charts - p. 695 241. Chapter 193: Achondrogenesis, Hypochondrogenesis - p. 697 242. Chapter 194: Achondroplasia - p. 703 243. Chapter 195: Amelia/Phocomelia - p. 707 244. Chapter 196: Atelosteogenesis - p. 711 245. Chapter 197: Campomelic Dysplasia - p. 715 246. Chapter 198: Chondrodysplasia Punctata - p. 719 247. Chapter 199: Cleidocranial Dysplasia - p. 723 248. Chapter 200: Greenberg Dysplasia - p. 725 249. Chapter 201: Hypophosphatasia - p. 727 250. Chapter 202: Metaphyseal Chondrodysplasia - p. 731 251. Chapter 203: Osteogenesis Imperfecta - p. 733 252. Chapter 204: Short Rib-Polydactyly Syndromes - p. 737 253. Chapter 205: Thanatophoric Dysplasia - p. 741 254. EXTREMITY MALFORMATIONS - p. 747 255. Chapter 206: Clubfoot - p. 747 256. Chapter 207: Rocker-Bottom Foot - p. 751 257. Chapter 208: Radial Ray Malformation - p. 753 258. Chapter 209: Clinodactyly - p. 757 259. Chapter 210: Polydactyly - p. 759 260. Chapter 211: Syndactyly - p. 763 261. Chapter 212: Split Hand/Foot Malformation - p. 767 262. Chapter 213: Arthrogryposis, Akinesia Sequence - p. 771 263. Chapter 214: Proximal Focal Femoral Dysplasia - p. 777 264. Chapter 215: Fibular/Tibial Hemimelia - p. 781 265. PERTINENT DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES - p. 783 266. Chapter 216: Mildly Short Femur/Humerus - p. 783 267. Chapter 217: Curved/Angulated Bones - p. 787 268. Chapter 218: Abnormal Ossification - p. 793 269. SECTION 10: PLACENTA, MEMBRANES, AND UMBILICAL CORD - p. 795 270. INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW - p. 795 271. Chapter 219: Approach to the Placenta and Umbilical Cord - p. 795 272. PLACENTA AND MEMBRANE ABNORMALITIES - p. 803 273. Chapter 220: Placental Abruption - p. 803 274. Chapter 221: Placenta Previa/Low-Lying Placenta - p. 807 275. Chapter 222: Vasa Previa - p. 809 276. Chapter 223: Placenta Accreta Spectrum - p. 811 277. Chapter 224: Placental Lake, Intervillous Thrombus - p. 817 278. Chapter 225: Succenturiate Lobe - p. 821 279. Chapter 226: Circumvallate Placenta - p. 823 280. Chapter 227: Marginal and Velamentous Cord Insertion - p. 825 281. Chapter 228: Chorioangioma - p. 827 282. Chapter 229: Placental Teratoma - p. 831 283. Chapter 230: Placental Mesenchymal Dysplasia - p. 833 284. UMBILICAL CORD ABNORMALITIES - p. 835 285. Chapter 231: Single Umbilical Artery - p. 835 286. Chapter 232: Umbilical Vein Varix - p. 837 287. Chapter 233: Persistent Right Umbilical Vein - p. 839 288. PERTINENT DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES - p. 841 289. Chapter 234: Placental Cysts and Masses - p. 841 290. Chapter 235: Umbilical Cord Cysts and Masses - p. 845 291. SECTION 11: MULTIPLE GESTATIONS - p. 851 292. Chapter 236: Approach to Multiple Gestations - p. 851 293. Chapter 237: Dichorionic Diamniotic Twins - p. 859 294. Chapter 238: Monochorionic Diamniotic Twins - p. 863 295. Chapter 239: Monochorionic Monoamniotic Twins - p. 867 296. Chapter 240: Selective Fetal Growth Restriction - p. 871 297. Chapter 241: Twin-Twin Transfusion Syndrome - p. 875 298. Chapter 242: Twin Anemia-Polycythemia Sequence - p. 879 299. Chapter 243: Twin Reversed Arterial Perfusion - p. 883 300. Chapter 244: Conjoined Twins - p. 887 301. Chapter 245: Triplets and Beyond - p. 891 302. Chapter 246: Fetus-in-Fetu - p. 895 303. SECTION 12: ANEUPLOIDY - p. 899 304. Chapter 247: Approach to Genetic Screening - p. 899 305. Chapter 248: Trisomy 21 - p. 907 306. Chapter 249: Trisomy 18 - p. 913 307. Chapter 250: Trisomy 13 - p. 919 308. Chapter 251: Turner Syndrome - p. 925 309. Chapter 252: Triploidy - p. 929 310. SECTION 13: SYNDROMES AND MULTISYSTEM DISORDERS - p. 933 311. Chapter 253: Approach to Syndromes - p. 933 312. Chapter 254: 22q11 Deletion Syndrome - p. 937 313. Chapter 255: Aicardi Syndrome - p. 941 314. Chapter 256: Amniotic Band Syndrome - p. 945 315. Chapter 257: Apert Syndrome - p. 949 316. Chapter 258: Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome - p. 953 317. Chapter 259: Carpenter Syndrome - p. 957 318. Chapter 260: CHARGE Syndrome - p. 959 319. Chapter 261: Cornelia de Lange Syndrome - p. 961 320. Chapter 262: Cystic Fibrosis - p. 965 321. Chapter 263: Crouzon Syndrome - p. 967 322. Chapter 264: Diabetic Embryopathy - p. 969 323. Chapter 265: Fraser Syndrome - p. 973 324. Chapter 266: Fryns Syndrome - p. 975 325. Chapter 267: Holt-Oram Syndrome - p. 977 326. Chapter 268: Idiopathic Infantile Arterial Calcification - p. 981 327. Chapter 269: Joubert Syndrome - p. 983 328. Chapter 270: Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome - p. 987 329. Chapter 271: Meckel-Gruber Syndrome - p. 991 330. Chapter 272: Muenke Syndrome - p. 995 331. Chapter 273: Miller-Dieker Syndrome - p. 997 332. Chapter 274: Multiple Pterygium Syndromes - p. 999 333. Chapter 275: Neu-Laxova Syndrome - p. 1001 334. Chapter 276: Niemann-Pick Disease Type C - p. 1003 335. Chapter 277: Noonan Syndrome - p. 1005 336. Chapter 278: Oculo-Auriculo-Vertebral Spectrum (OAVS) - p. 1007 337. Chapter 279: PHACES Syndrome - p. 1009 338. Chapter 280: Pfeiffer Syndrome - p. 1011 339. Chapter 281: Pierre Robin Sequence - p. 1015 340. Chapter 282: Sirenomelia - p. 1017 341. Chapter 283: Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome - p. 1021 342. Chapter 284: Treacher Collins Syndrome - p. 1025 343. Chapter 285: VACTERL Association - p. 1029 344. Chapter 286: Valproate Embryopathy - p. 1033 345. Chapter 287: Warfarin (Coumadin) Embryopathy - p. 1035 346. Chapter 288: Walker-Warburg Syndrome - p. 1037 347. Chapter 289: Wolf-Hirschorn Syndrome - p. 1039 348. Chapter 290: Zellweger Spectrum Disorder - p. 1041 349. SECTION 14: INFECTION - p. 1043 350. Chapter 291: Cytomegalovirus - p. 1043 351. Chapter 292: Parvovirus - p. 1049 352. Chapter 293: Toxoplasmosis - p. 1053 353. Chapter 294: Varicella - p. 1055 354. Chapter 295: Congenital Syphilis - p. 1057 355. SECTION 15: FLUID, GROWTH, AND WELL-BEING - p. 1061 356. Chapter 296: Approach to Fetal Well-Being - p. 1061 357. Chapter 297: Fetal Growth Restriction - p. 1069 358. Chapter 298: Macrosomia - p. 1073 359. Chapter 299: Fetal Anemia - p. 1075 360. PERTINENT DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES - p. 1079 361. Chapter 300: Polyhydramnios - p. 1079 362. Chapter 301: Oligohydramnios - p. 1083 363. Chapter 302: Hydrops - p. 1087 364. SECTION 16: MATERNAL CONDITIONS IN PREGNANCY - p. 1093 365. Chapter 303: Cervical Insufficiency/Short Cervix - p. 1093 366. Chapter 304: Myoma in Pregnancy - p. 1101 367. Chapter 305: Adenomyosis in Pregnancy - p. 1105 368. Chapter 306: Müllerian Duct Anomalies in Pregnancy - p. 1109 369. Chapter 307: Synechiae - p. 1113 370. Chapter 308: Uterine Dehiscence/Rupture - p. 1115 371. Chapter 309: Retained Products of Conception - p. 1119 372. PERTINENT DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES - p. 1121 373. Chapter 310: Adnexal Mass in Pregnancy - p. 1121 374. Chapter 311: Acute Abdomen in Pregnancy - p. 1125 375. Chapter 312: Intrauterine Linear Echoes - p. 1129 376. Chapter 313: Postpartum Hemorrhage - p. 1133 377. Chapter 314: Postpartum Pain/Fever - p. 1137 378. INDEX - p. 1139
Covering the entire spectrum of this fast-changing field, Diagnostic Imaging: Obstetrics, fourth edition, is an invaluable resource for radiologists, perinatologists, and trainees—anyone who requires an easily accessible, highly visual reference on today’s obstetric imaging. Dr. Paula J. Woodward and a team of highly regarded experts provide up-to-date information on recent advances in technology and the understanding of fetal development and disease processes to help you make informed decisions at the point of care. The text is lavishly illustrated, delineated, and referenced, making it a useful learning tool as well as a handy reference for daily practice.
1. INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW - p. xiii 2. Chapter 1: Embryology and Anatomy of the First Trimester - p. xiii 3. Chapter 2: Approach to the First Trimester - p. 15 4. ABNORMAL INTRAUTERINE GESTATION - p. 19 5. Chapter 3: Failed First-Trimester Pregnancy - p. 19 6. Chapter 4: Perigestational Hemorrhage - p. 23 7. Chapter 5: Chorionic Bump - p. 25 8. Chapter 6: Complete Hydatidiform Mole - p. 27 9. ECTOPIC GESTATION - p. 31 10. Chapter 7: Tubal Ectopic - p. 31 11. Chapter 8: Interstitial Ectopic - p. 37 12. Chapter 9: Cesarean Section Scar Pregnancy - p. 41 13. Chapter 10: Cervical Ectopic - p. 43 14. Chapter 11: Ovarian Ectopic - p. 45 15. Chapter 12: Heterotopic Pregnancy - p. 47 16. Chapter 13: Abdominal Ectopic - p. 49 17. PERTINENT DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES - p. 51 18. Chapter 14: Abnormal Gestational Sac and Contents - p. 51 19. SECTION 2: BRAIN - p. 57 20. INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW - p. 57 21. Chapter 15: Embryology and Anatomy of the Brain - p. 57 22. Chapter 16: Approach to the Supratentorial Brain - p. 75 23. Chapter 17: Approach to the Posterior Fossa - p. 81 24. CRANIAL DEFECTS - p. 87 25. Chapter 18: Exencephaly, Anencephaly - p. 87 26. Chapter 19: Occipital, Parietal Cephalocele - p. 91 27. Chapter 20: Atretic Cephalocele - p. 95 28. Chapter 21: Frontal Cephalocele - p. 97 29. MIDLINE DEVELOPMENTAL ANOMALIES - p. 99 30. Chapter 22: Agenesis/Dysgenesis of the Corpus Callosum - p. 99 31. Chapter 23: Interhemispheric Cyst/AVID - p. 103 32. Chapter 24: Aprosencephaly, Atelencephaly - p. 107 33. Chapter 25: Alobar Holoprosencephaly - p. 109 34. Chapter 26: Semilobar Holoprosencephaly - p. 113 35. Chapter 27: Lobar Holoprosencephaly - p. 115 36. Chapter 28: Septo-Optic Dysplasia - p. 117 37. Chapter 29: Syntelencephaly - p. 121 38. CORTICAL DEVELOPMENTAL ANOMALIES - p. 125 39. Chapter 30: Schizencephaly - p. 125 40. Chapter 31: Lissencephaly - p. 129 41. Chapter 32: Gray Matter Heterotopia - p. 133 42. Chapter 33: Pachygyria, Polymicrogyria - p. 135 43. Chapter 34: Tuberous Sclerosis - p. 139 44. CYSTS - p. 143 45. Chapter 35: Choroid Plexus Cyst - p. 143 46. Chapter 36: Arachnoid Cyst - p. 145 47. DESTRUCTIVE LESIONS - p. 149 48. Chapter 37: Intracranial Hemorrhage - p. 149 49. Chapter 38: Encephalomalacia, Porencephaly - p. 153 50. Chapter 39: Hydranencephaly - p. 157 51. POSTERIOR FOSSA MALFORMATIONS - p. 159 52. Chapter 40: Aqueductal Stenosis - p. 159 53. Chapter 41: Chiari 2 Malformation - p. 163 54. Chapter 42: Chiari 3 Malformation - p. 167 55. Chapter 43: Dandy-Walker Malformation - p. 169 56. Chapter 44: Vermian Dysgenesis - p. 173 57. Chapter 45: Blake Pouch Cyst - p. 175 58. Chapter 46: Mega Cisterna Magna - p. 179 59. Chapter 47: Cerebellar Hypoplasia - p. 181 60. Chapter 48: Rhombencephalosynapsis - p. 185 61. VASCULAR MALFORMATIONS - p. 189 62. Chapter 49: Vein of Galen Aneurysmal Malformation - p. 189 63. Chapter 50: Arteriovenous Fistula - p. 193 64. Chapter 51: Dural Sinus Malformation - p. 195 65. TUMORS - p. 197 66. Chapter 52: Brain Tumors - p. 197 67. Chapter 53: Choroid Plexus Papilloma - p. 199 68. Chapter 54: Intracranial Lipoma - p. 201 69. PERTINENT DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES - p. 203 70. Chapter 55: Absent Cavum Septi Pellucidi - p. 203 71. Chapter 56: Mild Ventriculomegaly - p. 207 72. Chapter 57: Microcephaly - p. 211 73. Chapter 58: Abnormal Calvarium - p. 215 74. Chapter 59: Posterior Fossa Cyst/Fluid Collection - p. 221 75. SECTION 3: SPINE - p. 225 76. Chapter 60: Embryology and Anatomy of the Spine - p. 225 77. Chapter 61: Approach to the Fetal Spine - p. 233 78. Chapter 62: Spina Bifida - p. 235 79. Chapter 63: Iniencephaly - p. 241 80. Chapter 64: Caudal Regression Sequence - p. 243 81. Chapter 65: Kyphosis, Scoliosis - p. 247 82. Chapter 66: Tethered Cord - p. 249 83. Chapter 67: Diastematomyelia - p. 251 84. Chapter 68: Sacrococcygeal Teratoma - p. 253 85. SECTION 4: FACE AND NECK - p. 259 86. Chapter 69: Embryology and Anatomy of the Face and Neck - p. 259 87. Chapter 70: Approach to the Fetal Face and Neck - p. 273 88. Chapter 71: Cleft Lip, Palate - p. 277 89. Chapter 72: Dacryocystocele - p. 283 90. Chapter 73: Coloboma - p. 285 91. Chapter 74: Epignathus - p. 287 92. Chapter 75: Epulis - p. 289 93. Chapter 76: Goiter - p. 291 94. Chapter 77: Cystic Hygroma - p. 295 95. Chapter 78: Cervical Teratoma - p. 299 96. PERTINENT DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES - p. 301 97. Chapter 79: Abnormal Orbits/Eyes - p. 301 98. Chapter 80: Abnormal Ears - p. 307 99. Chapter 81: Micrognathia - p. 311 100. Chapter 82: Macroglossia - p. 315 101. SECTION 5: CHEST - p. 317 102. Chapter 83: Embryology and Anatomy of the Chest - p. 317 103. Chapter 84: Approach to the Fetal Chest - p. 325 104. Chapter 85: Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia - p. 327 105. Chapter 86: Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation - p. 331 106. Chapter 87: Bronchopulmonary Sequestration - p. 335 107. Chapter 88: Bronchogenic Cyst - p. 339 108. Chapter 89: Congenital High Airway Obstruction Sequence (CHAOS) - p. 341 109. Chapter 90: Congenital Lobar Overinflation - p. 343 110. Chapter 91: Pulmonary Agenesis - p. 345 111. Chapter 92: Lymphangioma - p. 347 112. Chapter 93: Mediastinal Teratoma - p. 351 113. PERTINENT DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES - p. 353 114. Chapter 94: Solid/Echogenic Chest Mass - p. 353 115. Chapter 95: Cystic Chest Mass - p. 357 116. SECTION 6: HEART - p. 359 117. INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW - p. 359 118. Chapter 96: Embryology and Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System - p. 359 119. Chapter 97: Approach to the Fetal Heart - p. 369 120. ABNORMAL LOCATION - p. 375 121. Chapter 98: Heterotaxy, Cardiosplenic Syndromes - p. 375 122. Chapter 99: Ectopia Cordis - p. 379 123. SEPTAL DEFECTS - p. 383 124. Chapter 100: Ventricular Septal Defect - p. 383 125. Chapter 101: Atrioventricular Septal Defect - p. 385 126. Chapter 102: Atrial Septal Aneurysm - p. 389 127. RIGHT HEART MALFORMATIONS - p. 391 128. Chapter 103: Ebstein Anomaly - p. 391 129. Chapter 104: Tricuspid Dysplasia - p. 395 130. Chapter 105: Tricuspid Atresia - p. 397 131. Chapter 106: Pulmonary Stenosis, Atresia - p. 399 132. LEFT HEART MALFORMATIONS - p. 403 133. Chapter 107: Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome - p. 403 134. Chapter 108: Coarctation and Interrupted Aortic Arch - p. 407 135. Chapter 109: Aortic Stenosis - p. 411 136. Chapter 110: Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return - p. 415 137. CONOTRUNCAL MALFORMATIONS - p. 419 138. Chapter 111: Tetralogy of Fallot - p. 419 139. Chapter 112: Transposition of the Great Arteries - p. 423 140. Chapter 113: Truncus Arteriosus - p. 427 141. Chapter 114: Double-Outlet Right Ventricle - p. 431 142. MYOCARDIAL AND PERICARDIAL ABNORMALITIES - p. 433 143. Chapter 115: Echogenic Cardiac Focus - p. 433 144. Chapter 116: Cardiomyopathy - p. 435 145. Chapter 117: Rhabdomyoma - p. 439 146. Chapter 118: Pericardial Effusion - p. 443 147. Chapter 119: Pericardial Teratoma - p. 445 148. ABNORMAL RHYTHM - p. 447 149. Chapter 120: Irregular Rhythm - p. 447 150. Chapter 121: Tachyarrhythmia - p. 449 151. Chapter 122: Bradyarrhythmia - p. 453 152. PERTINENT DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES - p. 457 153. Chapter 123: Abnormal Cardiac Axis - p. 457 154. Chapter 124: Chamber Asymmetry - p. 463 155. CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE SURGERY - p. 467 156. Chapter 125: Blalock-Taussig Shunt - p. 467 157. Chapter 126: Norwood Procedure - p. 468 158. Chapter 127: Glenn Procedure - p. 469 159. Chapter 128: Fontan Procedure - p. 470 160. SECTION 7: ABDOMINAL WALL AND GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT - p. 471 161. INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW - p. 471 162. Chapter 129: Embryology and Anatomy of the Abdominal Wall and GI Tract - p. 471 163. Chapter 130: Approach to the Abdominal Wall and GI Tract - p. 483 164. ABDOMINAL WALL DEFECTS - p. 487 165. Chapter 131: Gastroschisis - p. 487 166. Chapter 132: Omphalocele - p. 493 167. Chapter 133: Pentalogy of Cantrell - p. 499 168. Chapter 134: Body Stalk Anomaly - p. 501 169. Chapter 135: Bladder Exstrophy - p. 505 170. Chapter 136: Cloacal Exstrophy/OEIS Syndrome - p. 509 171. BOWEL ABNORMALITIES - p. 513 172. Chapter 137: Esophageal Atresia - p. 513 173. Chapter 138: Duodenal Atresia - p. 517 174. Chapter 139: Jejunal, Ileal Atresia - p. 521 175. Chapter 140: Colonic Atresia - p. 525 176. Chapter 141: Anal Atresia - p. 527 177. Chapter 142: Cloacal Malformation/Urogenital Sinus - p. 529 178. Chapter 143: Volvulus - p. 533 179. Chapter 144: Enteric Duplication Cyst - p. 535 180. PERITONEAL ABNORMALITIES - p. 537 181. Chapter 145: Meconium Peritonitis, Pseudocyst - p. 537 182. Chapter 146: Mesenteric Lymphangioma - p. 541 183. HEPATOBILIARY ABNORMALITIES - p. 543 184. Chapter 147: Gallstones - p. 543 185. Chapter 148: Choledochal Cyst - p. 545 186. Chapter 149: Splenic Cyst - p. 547 187. Chapter 150: Gestational Alloimmune Liver Disease - p. 549 188. Chapter 151: Biliary Atresia - p. 551 189. Chapter 152: Congenital Hepatic Hemangioma - p. 553 190. Chapter 153: Mesenchymal Hamartoma - p. 555 191. Chapter 154: Hepatoblastoma - p. 557 192. PERTINENT DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES - p. 559 193. Chapter 155: Echogenic Bowel - p. 559 194. Chapter 156: Ascites - p. 561 195. Chapter 157: Cystic Abdominal Mass - p. 563 196. Chapter 158: Hepatomegaly - p. 569 197. SECTION 8: GENITOURINARY TRACT - p. 573 198. INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW - p. 573 199. Chapter 159: Embryology and Anatomy of the Genitourinary Tract - p. 573 200. Chapter 160: Approach to the Fetal Genitourinary Tract - p. 583 201. Chapter 161: Urinary Tract Dilation - p. 587 202. RENAL DEVELOPMENTAL VARIANTS - p. 591 203. Chapter 162: Unilateral Renal Agenesis - p. 591 204. Chapter 163: Duplicated Collecting System - p. 593 205. Chapter 164: Pelvic Kidney - p. 597 206. Chapter 165: Horseshoe Kidney - p. 599 207. Chapter 166: Crossed Fused Ectopia - p. 601 208. RENAL MALFORMATIONS - p. 603 209. Chapter 167: Bilateral Renal Agenesis - p. 603 210. Chapter 168: Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction - p. 607 211. Chapter 169: Urinoma - p. 611 212. Chapter 170: Obstructive Renal Dysplasia - p. 613 213. Chapter 171: Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney - p. 617 214. Chapter 172: Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease - p. 621 215. Chapter 173: Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease - p. 625 216. Chapter 174: Mesoblastic Nephroma - p. 627 217. ADRENAL ABNORMALITIES - p. 631 218. Chapter 175: Adrenal Hemorrhage - p. 631 219. Chapter 176: Neuroblastoma - p. 633 220. Chapter 177: Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia - p. 639 221. BLADDER MALFORMATIONS - p. 641 222. Chapter 178: Posterior Urethral Valves - p. 641 223. Chapter 179: Prune-Belly Syndrome - p. 645 224. Chapter 180: Ureterocele - p. 649 225. Chapter 181: Urachal Anomalies - p. 653 226. GENITAL ABNORMALITIES - p. 657 227. Chapter 182: Disorders of Sex Development - p. 657 228. Chapter 183: Hypospadias - p. 663 229. Chapter 184: Ovarian Cyst - p. 665 230. Chapter 185: Hydrocolpos - p. 669 231. PERTINENT DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES - p. 671 232. Chapter 186: Hydronephrosis - p. 671 233. Chapter 187: Echogenic Kidneys - p. 675 234. Chapter 188: Unilateral Enlarged Kidney - p. 679 235. Chapter 189: Suprarenal Mass - p. 683 236. Chapter 190: Scrotal Mass - p. 685 237. SECTION 9: MUSCULOSKELETAL - p. 689 238. DYSPLASIAS - p. 689 239. Chapter 191: Approach to Skeletal Dysplasias - p. 689 240. Chapter 192: Bone Length Charts - p. 695 241. Chapter 193: Achondrogenesis, Hypochondrogenesis - p. 697 242. Chapter 194: Achondroplasia - p. 703 243. Chapter 195: Amelia/Phocomelia - p. 707 244. Chapter 196: Atelosteogenesis - p. 711 245. Chapter 197: Campomelic Dysplasia - p. 715 246. Chapter 198: Chondrodysplasia Punctata - p. 719 247. Chapter 199: Cleidocranial Dysplasia - p. 723 248. Chapter 200: Greenberg Dysplasia - p. 725 249. Chapter 201: Hypophosphatasia - p. 727 250. Chapter 202: Metaphyseal Chondrodysplasia - p. 731 251. Chapter 203: Osteogenesis Imperfecta - p. 733 252. Chapter 204: Short Rib-Polydactyly Syndromes - p. 737 253. Chapter 205: Thanatophoric Dysplasia - p. 741 254. EXTREMITY MALFORMATIONS - p. 747 255. Chapter 206: Clubfoot - p. 747 256. Chapter 207: Rocker-Bottom Foot - p. 751 257. Chapter 208: Radial Ray Malformation - p. 753 258. Chapter 209: Clinodactyly - p. 757 259. Chapter 210: Polydactyly - p. 759 260. Chapter 211: Syndactyly - p. 763 261. Chapter 212: Split Hand/Foot Malformation - p. 767 262. Chapter 213: Arthrogryposis, Akinesia Sequence - p. 771 263. Chapter 214: Proximal Focal Femoral Dysplasia - p. 777 264. Chapter 215: Fibular/Tibial Hemimelia - p. 781 265. PERTINENT DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES - p. 783 266. Chapter 216: Mildly Short Femur/Humerus - p. 783 267. Chapter 217: Curved/Angulated Bones - p. 787 268. Chapter 218: Abnormal Ossification - p. 793 269. SECTION 10: PLACENTA, MEMBRANES, AND UMBILICAL CORD - p. 795 270. INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW - p. 795 271. Chapter 219: Approach to the Placenta and Umbilical Cord - p. 795 272. PLACENTA AND MEMBRANE ABNORMALITIES - p. 803 273. Chapter 220: Placental Abruption - p. 803 274. Chapter 221: Placenta Previa/Low-Lying Placenta - p. 807 275. Chapter 222: Vasa Previa - p. 809 276. Chapter 223: Placenta Accreta Spectrum - p. 811 277. Chapter 224: Placental Lake, Intervillous Thrombus - p. 817 278. Chapter 225: Succenturiate Lobe - p. 821 279. Chapter 226: Circumvallate Placenta - p. 823 280. Chapter 227: Marginal and Velamentous Cord Insertion - p. 825 281. Chapter 228: Chorioangioma - p. 827 282. Chapter 229: Placental Teratoma - p. 831 283. Chapter 230: Placental Mesenchymal Dysplasia - p. 833 284. UMBILICAL CORD ABNORMALITIES - p. 835 285. Chapter 231: Single Umbilical Artery - p. 835 286. Chapter 232: Umbilical Vein Varix - p. 837 287. Chapter 233: Persistent Right Umbilical Vein - p. 839 288. PERTINENT DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES - p. 841 289. Chapter 234: Placental Cysts and Masses - p. 841 290. Chapter 235: Umbilical Cord Cysts and Masses - p. 845 291. SECTION 11: MULTIPLE GESTATIONS - p. 851 292. Chapter 236: Approach to Multiple Gestations - p. 851 293. Chapter 237: Dichorionic Diamniotic Twins - p. 859 294. Chapter 238: Monochorionic Diamniotic Twins - p. 863 295. Chapter 239: Monochorionic Monoamniotic Twins - p. 867 296. Chapter 240: Selective Fetal Growth Restriction - p. 871 297. Chapter 241: Twin-Twin Transfusion Syndrome - p. 875 298. Chapter 242: Twin Anemia-Polycythemia Sequence - p. 879 299. Chapter 243: Twin Reversed Arterial Perfusion - p. 883 300. Chapter 244: Conjoined Twins - p. 887 301. Chapter 245: Triplets and Beyond - p. 891 302. Chapter 246: Fetus-in-Fetu - p. 895 303. SECTION 12: ANEUPLOIDY - p. 899 304. Chapter 247: Approach to Genetic Screening - p. 899 305. Chapter 248: Trisomy 21 - p. 907 306. Chapter 249: Trisomy 18 - p. 913 307. Chapter 250: Trisomy 13 - p. 919 308. Chapter 251: Turner Syndrome - p. 925 309. Chapter 252: Triploidy - p. 929 310. SECTION 13: SYNDROMES AND MULTISYSTEM DISORDERS - p. 933 311. Chapter 253: Approach to Syndromes - p. 933 312. Chapter 254: 22q11 Deletion Syndrome - p. 937 313. Chapter 255: Aicardi Syndrome - p. 941 314. Chapter 256: Amniotic Band Syndrome - p. 945 315. Chapter 257: Apert Syndrome - p. 949 316. Chapter 258: Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome - p. 953 317. Chapter 259: Carpenter Syndrome - p. 957 318. Chapter 260: CHARGE Syndrome - p. 959 319. Chapter 261: Cornelia de Lange Syndrome - p. 961 320. Chapter 262: Cystic Fibrosis - p. 965 321. Chapter 263: Crouzon Syndrome - p. 967 322. Chapter 264: Diabetic Embryopathy - p. 969 323. Chapter 265: Fraser Syndrome - p. 973 324. Chapter 266: Fryns Syndrome - p. 975 325. Chapter 267: Holt-Oram Syndrome - p. 977 326. Chapter 268: Idiopathic Infantile Arterial Calcification - p. 981 327. Chapter 269: Joubert Syndrome - p. 983 328. Chapter 270: Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome - p. 987 329. Chapter 271: Meckel-Gruber Syndrome - p. 991 330. Chapter 272: Muenke Syndrome - p. 995 331. Chapter 273: Miller-Dieker Syndrome - p. 997 332. Chapter 274: Multiple Pterygium Syndromes - p. 999 333. Chapter 275: Neu-Laxova Syndrome - p. 1001 334. Chapter 276: Niemann-Pick Disease Type C - p. 1003 335. Chapter 277: Noonan Syndrome - p. 1005 336. Chapter 278: Oculo-Auriculo-Vertebral Spectrum (OAVS) - p. 1007 337. Chapter 279: PHACES Syndrome - p. 1009 338. Chapter 280: Pfeiffer Syndrome - p. 1011 339. Chapter 281: Pierre Robin Sequence - p. 1015 340. Chapter 282: Sirenomelia - p. 1017 341. Chapter 283: Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome - p. 1021 342. Chapter 284: Treacher Collins Syndrome - p. 1025 343. Chapter 285: VACTERL Association - p. 1029 344. Chapter 286: Valproate Embryopathy - p. 1033 345. Chapter 287: Warfarin (Coumadin) Embryopathy - p. 1035 346. Chapter 288: Walker-Warburg Syndrome - p. 1037 347. Chapter 289: Wolf-Hirschorn Syndrome - p. 1039 348. Chapter 290: Zellweger Spectrum Disorder - p. 1041 349. SECTION 14: INFECTION - p. 1043 350. Chapter 291: Cytomegalovirus - p. 1043 351. Chapter 292: Parvovirus - p. 1049 352. Chapter 293: Toxoplasmosis - p. 1053 353. Chapter 294: Varicella - p. 1055 354. Chapter 295: Congenital Syphilis - p. 1057 355. SECTION 15: FLUID, GROWTH, AND WELL-BEING - p. 1061 356. Chapter 296: Approach to Fetal Well-Being - p. 1061 357. Chapter 297: Fetal Growth Restriction - p. 1069 358. Chapter 298: Macrosomia - p. 1073 359. Chapter 299: Fetal Anemia - p. 1075 360. PERTINENT DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES - p. 1079 361. Chapter 300: Polyhydramnios - p. 1079 362. Chapter 301: Oligohydramnios - p. 1083 363. Chapter 302: Hydrops - p. 1087 364. SECTION 16: MATERNAL CONDITIONS IN PREGNANCY - p. 1093 365. Chapter 303: Cervical Insufficiency/Short Cervix - p. 1093 366. Chapter 304: Myoma in Pregnancy - p. 1101 367. Chapter 305: Adenomyosis in Pregnancy - p. 1105 368. Chapter 306: Müllerian Duct Anomalies in Pregnancy - p. 1109 369. Chapter 307: Synechiae - p. 1113 370. Chapter 308: Uterine Dehiscence/Rupture - p. 1115 371. Chapter 309: Retained Products of Conception - p. 1119 372. PERTINENT DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES - p. 1121 373. Chapter 310: Adnexal Mass in Pregnancy - p. 1121 374. Chapter 311: Acute Abdomen in Pregnancy - p. 1125 375. Chapter 312: Intrauterine Linear Echoes - p. 1129 376. Chapter 313: Postpartum Hemorrhage - p. 1133 377. Chapter 314: Postpartum Pain/Fever - p. 1137 378. INDEX - p. 1139
