Encyclopedia of Condensed Matter Physics, Second Edition, Five Volume Set is an authoritative and comprehensive expansion of the classic 2005 work, delivering over 300 brand new or fully updated articles focused on core theoretical discoveries and modern applications. Meticulously planned and structured into approximately 60 sections, the book allows the user to quickly gain a solid footing in the key theoretical aspects of quantum mechanics, mechanics, electrodynamics, relativity, statistical mechanics and the elementary particles that form the core physics background for the field. The work also presents useful coverage of experimental techniques, materials processing, and materials systems, as well as applied topics.
Novel topics, including topology in condensed matter, graphene, integer and fractional quantum Hall effect, and other nanoscale phenomena in optics, in semiconductors, and in superconductors are presented in unusual depth. The encyclopedia solves the problem that students and interdisciplinary researchers often have of finding clear, accessible foundational information to answer their initial questions on a topic.
1. Introduction - p. iii 2. Front Matter for Volume 1 - p. iii 3. Front Matter for Volume 2 - p. iii 4. Front Matter for Volume 3 - p. iii 5. Front Matter for Volume 4 - p. iii 6. Front Matter for Volume 5 - p. iii 7. Copyright - p. iii 8. Editor-in-Chief Biography - p. iii 9. Editorial Advisory Board - p. iii 10. List of Illustrations - p. iii 11. List of Tables - p. iii 12. Volume 1 - p. iii 13. Chapter 1: Quantum Hall effect and modern-day metrology - p. iii 14. Chapter 2: The pulse-driven AC Josephson voltage standard of Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) - p. iii 15. Chapter 3: Field theoretic aspects of condensed matter physics: An overview - p. iii 16. Chapter 4: Majorana fermions in condensed-matter physics - p. iii 17. Chapter 5: Majorana fermions in Kitaev spin liquids - p. iii 18. Chapter 6: Fundamental and emergent particles in condensed matter and high-energy physics - p. iii 19. Chapter 7: Phase transitions, spontaneous symmetry breaking, and Goldstone's theorem - p. iii 20. Chapter 8: Higgs and Nambu–Goldstone modes in condensed matter physics - p. iii 21. Chapter 9: Higgs and Goldstone modes in cold atom systems - p. iii 22. Chapter 10: Higgs and Goldstone modes in crystalline solids - p. iii 23. Chapter 11: Quantum mechanics: Foundations - p. iii 24. Chapter 12: Aharonov–Bohm and Aharonov–Casher effects in condensed matter physics: A brief review - p. iii 25. Chapter 13: Quantum computation of complex systems - p. iii 26. Chapter 14: Quantum information processing with superconducting circuits: A perspective - p. iii 27. Chapter 15: Braids, motions and topological quantum computing - p. iii 28. Chapter 16: Fibonacci anyon based topological quantum computer - p. iii 29. Chapter 17: Fractional quantum Hall effect in semiconductor systems - p. iii 30. Chapter 18: From the integer to the fractional quantum hall effect in graphene - p. iii 31. Chapter 19: Fractional quantum Hall effect at the filling factor ν = 5/2 - p. iii 32. Chapter 20: Interacting Dirac fermions and the rise of Pfaffians in graphene - p. iii 33. Chapter 21: On the stability of Laughlin's fractional quantum hall phase - p. iii 34. Chapter 22: Fractional statistics in low-dimensional systems - p. iii 35. Chapter 23: Anyon collisions and fractional statistics - p. iii 36. Chapter 24: Fractional statistics, gauge invariance and anomalies in condensed matter physics - p. iii 37. Chapter 25: Properties of 2D anyon gas - p. iii 38. Chapter 26: Abelian and non-abelian anyons - p. iii 39. Chapter 27: Statistical anyons - p. iii 40. Chapter 28: Recent developments in fractional Chern insulators - p. iii 41. Chapter 29: Quantum Hall states in higher Landau levels - p. iii 42. Chapter 30: Quantum Hall effect - p. iii 43. Chapter 31: The network model and the integer quantum Hall effect - p. iii 44. Chapter 32: Photonic quantum Hall effects - p. iii 45. Chapter 33: The Anomalous Hall Effect - p. iii 46. Chapter 34: Monolayer and bilayer graphene - p. iii 47. Chapter 35: Quantum spin Hall effect - p. iii 48. Chapter 36: Quantum hall and synthetic magnetic-field effects in ultra-cold atomic systems - p. iii 49. Chapter 37: Quantum Hall phases of cold Bose gases - p. iii 50. Chapter 38: Valley Currents in Graphene - p. iii 51. Chapter 39: Bulk-edge correspondence - p. iii 52. Chapter 40: Berry phase and geometrical observables - p. iii 53. Chapter 41: Topological properties of Dirac and Weyl semimetals - p. iii 54. Chapter 42: Topological insulators - p. iii 55. Chapter 43: Bloch electrons in a magnetic field - p. iii 56. Chapter 44: The Ten Martini problem - p. iii 57. Chapter 45: Hofstadter butterfly in graphene - p. iii 58. Chapter 46: Tight-binding method in electronic structure - p. iii 59. Chapter 47: Electronic Structure Calculations: Plane-Wave Methods - p. iii 60. Chapter 48: Plasmons in monolayer and bilayer graphene - p. iii 61. Chapter 49: Electron gas (theory) - p. iii 62. Chapter 50: The Jahn-Teller effects - p. iii 63. Chapter 51: Fermi surface measurements - p. iii 64. Chapter 52: Pseudopotential methods - p. iii 65. Chapter 53: Effective masses - p. iii 66. Chapter 54: Electronic structure: Impurity and defect states in insulators - p. iii 67. Chapter 55: Density functional theory - p. iii 68. Chapter 56: The sign problem in quantum Monte Carlo simulations - p. iii 69. Chapter 57: Quantum transport and electron-electron interactions in one dimension - p. iii 70. Chapter 58: Quantum physics in one dimension - p. iii 71. Chapter 59: The Hubbard model and the Mott–Hubbard transition - p. iii 72. Chapter 60: Electron quantum optics: A testbed for the Luttinger paradigma - p. iii 73. Chapter 61: Theoretical approaches to liquid helium - p. iii 74. Chapter 62: The dynamics of quantum fluids - p. iii 75. Chapter 63: Quantum fluids of light - p. iii 76. Chapter 64: Floquet states - p. iii 77. Chapter 65: Pump-probe spectroscopy for non-equilibrium condensed matter - p. iii 78. Chapter 66: Nonequilibirum physics, numerical methods - p. iii 79. Chapter 67: 1/f noise in quantum nanoscience - p. iii 80. Volume 2 - p. iii 81. Chapter 68: History of magnetism - p. iii 82. Chapter 69: Disordered magnetic systems - p. iii 83. Chapter 70: Magnetic Order - p. iii 84. Chapter 71: Paramagnetism - p. iii 85. Chapter 72: Diamagnetism - p. iii 86. Chapter 73: Ferromagnetism - p. iii 87. Chapter 74: Localized and Itinerant Magnetism - p. 0040 88. Chapter 75: Magnetic Domains - p. 0040 89. Chapter 76: Magnetic Interactions - p. 0130 90. Chapter 77: Magnetic Materials and Applications - p. 0130 91. Chapter 78: Magnetocaloric Effect - p. 0130 92. Chapter 79: Manganites - p. 0130 93. Chapter 80: Magnetic oxides - p. 0130 94. Chapter 81: Magnetic nanostructures - p. 0130 95. Chapter 82: The spin Hall effect - p. 0130 96. Chapter 83: The spin-transfer torque effect - p. 0130 97. Chapter 84: Quantum magnonics - p. 0130 98. Chapter 85: Spintronic materials - p. 0130 99. Chapter 86: The spin galvanic effect - p. 0130 100. Chapter 87: Spin–orbit coupling in solids - p. 0130 101. Chapter 88: Spin-orbit interaction based spintronics - p. 0130 102. Chapter 89: Spintronics in 2D graphene-based van der Waals heterostructures - p. 0130 103. Chapter 90: Optical orientation of spins in semiconductors - p. 0130 104. Chapter 91: Raman spectroscopy of graphene and related materials - p. 0130 105. Chapter 92: Quantum devices in graphene - p. 0130 106. Chapter 93: Surfaces and Interfaces, Electronic Structure of - p. 0130 107. Chapter 94: Graphene, electronic properties and topological properties - p. 0130 108. Chapter 95: Twisted bilayer graphene - p. 0130 109. Chapter 96: Graphene, transport - p. 0130 110. Chapter 97: van der Waals heterostructures - p. 0130 111. Chapter 98: Dirac materials beyond graphene - p. 0130 112. Chapter 99: Quantum confinement in Dirac-like nanostructures - p. 0130 113. Chapter 100: Theory of edge states in graphene-like systems - p. 0130 114. Chapter 101: An introduction to the theory of spin glasses - p. 0130 115. Chapter 102: Spin glass experiments - p. 0130 116. Chapter 103: Ferroic glasses - p. 0130 117. Chapter 104: Semiconductors, general properties - p. 0130 118. Chapter 105: Semiconductors: Exciton theory - p. 0130 119. Chapter 106: Polarons in condensed matter - p. 0130 120. Chapter 107: Semiconductors: Spin-density waves - p. 0130 121. Chapter 108: Electrons and holes - p. 0130 122. Chapter 109: Electron–phonon coupling and polarons in low-dimensional structures - p. 0130 123. Chapter 110: Electronic states of elemental semiconductors - p. 0130 124. Chapter 111: Semiconductors: Isotope effects in solids - p. 0130 125. Chapter 112: Polaritons - p. 0130 126. Chapter 113: Semiconductor Heterojunctions, Electronic Properties of - p. 0130 127. Chapter 114: Semiconductors, Impurity and Defect States in - p. 0130 128. Chapter 115: Semiconductor Nanostructures - p. 0130 129. Chapter 116: Epitaxy - p. 0130 130. Chapter 117: Epitaxy (classical MBE) - p. 0130 131. Chapter 118: Superconductivity: Critical currents - p. 0130 132. Chapter 119: High-temperature superconductors - p. 0130 133. Chapter 120: Phase diagrams of high-temperature superconductors - p. 0130 134. Chapter 121: Superconductors, hydrogen-based - p. 0130 135. Chapter 122: Unconventional superconductivity - p. 0130 136. Chapter 123: Superconducting density of states from scanning tunneling microscopy - p. 0130 137. Chapter 124: Josephson junctions - p. 0130 138. Chapter 125: Superconductivity: Electronic mechanisms - p. 0130 139. Chapter 126: Electrodynamics of superconductors - p. 0130 140. Chapter 127: Superconductivity: BCS theory - p. 0130 141. Chapter 128: Quantum fluctuations in superconducting nanowires - p. 0130 142. Chapter 129: Superconductor-ferromagnet hybrid structures - p. 0130 143. Chapter 130: Superconductivity: Ginzburg-Landau theory and vortex lattice - p. 0130 144. Chapter 131: Nanodimensional superconducting quantum interference devices - p. 0130 145. Chapter 132: Perspective in the twistronics of high-temperature superconductors - p. 0130 146. Chapter 133: Critical current fluctuations in Josephson junctions - p. 0130 147. Chapter 134: Fast dynamics of vortices in superconductors - p. 0130 148. Chapter 135: Non-Abelian anyons and non-Abelian vortices in topological superconductors - p. 0130 149. Chapter 136: Topological superconductors - p. 0130 150. Chapter 137: Superinsulation - p. 0130 151. Volume 3 - p. 0130 152. Chapter 138: Superfluidity - p. 0130 153. Chapter 139: BEC-BCS crossover in ultracold atomic gases and neutron stars - p. 0130 154. Chapter 140: Superconductivity and superfluidity in neutron stars - p. 0130 155. Chapter 141: BEC-BCS crossover, condensed matter experiments - p. 0130 156. Chapter 142: Excitonic superfluidity in electron-hole bilayer systems - p. 0130 157. Chapter 143: Spin superfluidity - p. 0130 158. Chapter 144: Bose–Einstein condensation - p. 0130 159. Chapter 145: Universality of Bose–Einstein condensation and quenched formation dynamics - p. 0130 160. Chapter 146: Interacting Bose-condensed gases - p. 0130 161. Chapter 147: Cold-atom systems as condensed matter physics emulation - p. 0130 162. Chapter 148: Ionic and mixed conductivity in condensed phases - p. 0130 163. Chapter 149: Electronic structure of liquids - p. 0130 164. Chapter 150: Supercooled liquids - p. 0130 165. Chapter 151: Glasses - p. 0130 166. Chapter 152: Disordered solids and glasses, electronic structure of - p. 0130 167. Chapter 153: Acoustics: Physical principles and applications to condensed matter physics - p. 0130 168. Chapter 154: Numerical methods for localization - p. 0130 169. Chapter 155: Disordered electron liquid with interactions: Theoretical aspects - p. 0130 170. Chapter 156: Basics of simulations and carrier localization effects in semiconductor materials - p. 0130 171. Chapter 157: Conductivity, electrical - p. 0130 172. Chapter 158: Coulomb blockade - p. 0130 173. Chapter 159: Conductivity, thermal - p. 0130 174. Chapter 160: Transport properties: Mass transport - p. 0130 175. Chapter 161: Ferroelectricity - p. 0130 176. Chapter 162: Planar quantum dots: Theoretical approaches - p. 0130 177. Chapter 163: Quantum dots: Optical properties - p. 0130 178. Chapter 164: The physics of quantum dots - p. 0130 179. Chapter 165: Self-organized semiconductor nanostructures (quantum dots, quantum rings and their arrays) - p. 0130 180. Chapter 166: Optical properties in rolled-up structures - p. 0130 181. Chapter 167: Nanostructured superconductors - p. 0130 182. Chapter 168: Kondo effects in quantum dots: Theory - p. 0130 183. Chapter 169: Kondo effects in quantum dots: Experiment - p. 0130 184. Chapter 170: Spin textures in quantum dots and quantum rings - p. 0130 185. Chapter 171: Quantum rings: Electronic properties - p. 0130 186. Chapter 172: Aharonov-Bohm effect in self-assembled InAs/GaAs Quantum Rings: Fabrication, formation mechanism and optical characterization - p. 0130 187. Chapter 173: Superstripes landscape in perovskites high Tc superconductors - p. 0130 188. Chapter 174: Additive nanofabrication using focused ion and electron beams - p. 0130 189. Chapter 175: Microstucture and macrostructure - p. 0130 190. Chapter 176: Structures: Orientation texture - p. 0130 191. Chapter 177: Nanostructures, Electronic Structure of - p. 0130 192. Chapter 178: THz light and manipulations of matter - p. 0130 193. Chapter 179: The importance of full-scale experiments for the study of seismic metamaterials - p. 0130 194. Chapter 180: Quantum devices of reduced dimensionality - p. 0130 195. Chapter 181: Thermoelectric energy conversion devices - p. 0130 196. Chapter 182: Geometry matters: Gamete transport using magnetic microrobots - p. 0130 197. Chapter 183: Memory devices—Non-volatile memories - p. 0130 198. Chapter 184: Memory devices – Volatile memories - p. 0130 199. Chapter 185: Residual stress and strain evaluation across the scales - p. 0130 200. Chapter 186: Terahertz nondestructive evaluation of additively manufactured and multilayered structures - p. 0130 201. Chapter 187: Excitons in nanoscale semiconductor structures - p. 0130 202. Chapter 188: Bose-Einstein Condensation of Excitons in a bulk semiconductor - p. 0130 203. Chapter 189: Nonlocal optical response of nanostructures - p. 0130 204. Chapter 190: Optical properties of dielectrics and semiconductors - p. 0130 205. Chapter 191: Polarizability and its generalization - p. 0130 206. Chapter 192: Ultrafast spectroscopy of correlated materials - p. 0130 207. Chapter 193: Excitons in crystals - p. 0130 208. Chapter 194: Optical properties of surface enhanced Raman scattering - p. 0130 209. Chapter 195: Photonic Bandgap Materials, Electronic States of - p. 0130 210. Chapter 196: Integrated Circuits - p. 0130 211. Chapter 197: Semiconductor Devices - p. 0130 212. Chapter 198: Semiconductor Lasers - p. 0130 213. Chapter 199: Transistors - p. 0160 214. Chapter 200: Silicon, History of - p. 0160 215. Chapter 201: Local field effects - p. 0160 216. Chapter 202: Dielectric function - p. 0160 217. Chapter 203: Mechanical properties: Fatigue - p. 0160 218. Chapter 204: Mechanical Properties: Elastic Behavior - p. 0160 219. Chapter 205: Mechanical Properties: Plastic Behavior - p. 0160 220. Chapter 206: Mechanical Properties: Strengthening Mechanisms in Metals - p. 0160 221. Volume 4 - p. 0160 222. Chapter 207: Low-energy electron microscopy - p. 0160 223. Chapter 208: Mössbauer spectroscopy - p. 0160 224. Chapter 209: Photoelectron spectromicroscopy - p. 0160 225. Chapter 210: Scanning electron microscopy - p. 0160 226. Chapter 211: Scanning probe microscopy - p. 0160 227. Chapter 212: Microscopy: Transmission electron microscopy - p. 0160 228. Chapter 213: Electron ptychography - p. 0160 229. Chapter 214: Momentum-resolved scanning transmission electron microscopy - p. 0160 230. Chapter 215: Confocal optical sectioning microscopy - p. 0160 231. Chapter 216: Cyclotron resonance in metals, with a focus on quasiparticle scattering rates - p. 0160 232. Chapter 217: Cyclotron resonance: Semiconductors - p. 0160 233. Chapter 218: Scattering, inelastic: Electron - p. 0160 234. Chapter 219: Raman spectroscopy: Nanostructures - p. 0160 235. Chapter 220: Scattering techniques, Compton - p. 0160 236. Chapter 221: Scattering: Inelastic scattering technique—Brillouin - p. 0160 237. Chapter 222: Scattering, inelastic: X-ray (methods and applications) - p. 0160 238. Chapter 223: Nuclear resonant scattering - p. 0160 239. Chapter 224: Scattering, Rayleigh - p. 0160 240. Chapter 225: Shubnikov–de Haas and de Haas–van Alphen Techniques - p. 0160 241. Chapter 226: Core photoemission from graphene to silicene - p. 0210 242. Chapter 227: Harmonic generation frequency conversion - p. 0210 243. Chapter 228: Valence photoemission - p. 0210 244. Chapter 229: Spectroscopy: Impedance spectroscopy and mobility spectra - p. 0210 245. Chapter 230: Plasmon-enhanced Raman spectroscopy: Principles and applications - p. 0210 246. Chapter 231: Optical tweezers: Theory and practice - p. 0210 247. Chapter 232: Angle-resolved photoemission of topological materials - p. 0210 248. Chapter 233: Metals and Metallic Alloys, Optical Properties of - p. 0210 249. Chapter 234: Nonlinear Optics - p. 0355 250. Chapter 235: Surfaces, Optical Properties of - p. 0355 251. Chapter 236: X-Ray Topography - p. 0355 252. Chapter 237: Laser radiation sources - p. 0355 253. Chapter 238: Synchrotron radiation - p. 0355 254. Chapter 239: Radiation sources: X-ray sources - p. 0355 255. Chapter 240: Neutron sources - p. 0355 256. Chapter 241: Electron and positron sources - p. 0355 257. Chapter 242: The fundamental laws of thermodynamics; Role of surroundings in heat and work transfer - p. 0355 258. Chapter 243: Irreversible thermodynamics as applied to basic electron transport theory in solids - p. 0355 259. Chapter 244: Thermodynamics: Phase transformations - p. 0355 260. Chapter 245: Incommensurate phases - p. 0355 261. Chapter 246: Thermodynamics of information - p. 0355 262. Chapter 247: Quantum annealing and computation - p. 0355 263. Chapter 248: Molecular dynamics calculations: Machine learning - p. 0355 264. Chapter 249: Materials informatics with machine learning - p. 0355 265. Chapter 250: Classical statistical mechanics - p. 0355 266. Chapter 251: Statistical mechanics: Quantum - p. 0355 267. Chapter 252: Quantum biology: An overview - p. 0355 268. Chapter 253: Fundamental aspects of quantum biology - p. 0355 269. Chapter 254: Nature's novel materials: A review of quantum biology - p. 0355 270. Chapter 255: Physics of protein folding - p. 0355 271. Chapter 256: How protein fold: Insights from nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy - p. 0355 272. Chapter 257: Solid-State NMR Structural Studies of Proteins - p. 0355 273. Chapter 258: Protein Folding, Engineering of - p. 0355 274. Chapter 259: Protein Folding and Aggregation - p. 0355 275. Chapter 260: Protein Folding and Evolution - p. 0355 276. Chapter 261: DNA and RNA, biophysical aspects - p. 0355 277. Chapter 262: DNA and RNA, electronic and electric properties - p. 0355 278. Chapter 263: Genetic Algorithms for Biological Systems - p. 0355 279. Chapter 264: Ion Transport in Biological Membranes - p. 0355 280. Chapter 265: Electric and Magnetic Fields in Cells and Tissues - p. 0355 281. Chapter 266: Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields - p. 0355 282. Chapter 267: Metalloproteins, Structural Determination of - p. 0355 283. Chapter 268: Photosynthesis, Physics of - p. 0355 284. Chapter 269: Biomedical Materials - p. 0355 285. Volume 5 - p. 0355 286. Chapter 270: Magnetic point groups and space groups - p. 0355 287. Chapter 271: Crystal structure - p. 0355 288. Chapter 272: Periodicity and lattices - p. 0355 289. Chapter 273: Crystal structure determination - p. 0355 290. Chapter 274: Macromolecular crystallography - p. 0355 291. Chapter 275: Point groups - p. 0355 292. Chapter 276: Space Groups - p. 0355 293. Chapter 277: Crystal Symmetry - p. 0255 294. Chapter 278: Crystal optics - p. 0225 295. Chapter 279: Holography - p. 0225 296. Chapter 280: Sum rules and Kramers-Kronig relations in linear and nonlinear optics - p. 0225 297. Chapter 281: Semiconductor optics - p. 0225 298. Chapter 282: Ultrafast optics of topological materials - p. 0225 299. Chapter 283: Electromagnetically induced transparency - p. 0225 300. Chapter 284: Optical properties of materials - p. 0225 301. Chapter 285: Photon statistics and coherence theory - p. 0225 302. Chapter 286: Point defects - p. 0225 303. Chapter 287: Methods for bulk growth of inorganic crystals - p. 0225 304. Chapter 288: Crystal binding (interatomic forces): Ionic bonding and crystals - p. 0225 305. Chapter 289: Crystal binding (interatomic forces): Metallic bonding and crystals - p. 0225 306. Chapter 290: Crystal growth, bulk: Theory and models - p. 0225 307. Chapter 291: Film growth and epitaxy methods - p. 0225 308. Chapter 292: Thin Films, Mechanical Behavior of - p. 0225 309. Chapter 293: Electronic and transport properties of aperiodic media - p. 0225 310. Chapter 294: Lattice dynamics: Aperiodic crystals - p. 0225 311. Chapter 295: Electronic structure of quasicrystals - p. 0225 312. Chapter 296: Vibrational excitations in disordered solids - p. 0225 313. Chapter 297: Atomic structure of quasicrystals - p. 0225 314. Chapter 298: Materials: Composites - p. 0225 315. Chapter 299: Self-organized porous semiconductor compounds - p. 0225 316. Chapter 300: Structures: Liquid crystals - p. 0225 317. Chapter 301: Highly Porous Metals and Ceramics - p. 0225 318. Chapter 302: Dislocations - p. 0225 319. Chapter 303: Lattice Dynamics: Anharmonic Effects - p. 0045 320. Chapter 304: Ceramic Materials - p. 0050 321. Chapter 305: Polymers, History of - p. 0050 322. Chapter 306: Neutrons and Neutron Scattering, History of - p. 0050 323. Chapter 307: Ceramics, History of - p. 0050 324. Chapter 308: Porous Silicon - p. 0050 325. Chapter 309: Electronic states of semiconductor compounds and alloys - p. 0050 326. Chapter 310: Intermetallic Compounds, Electronic States of - p. 0050 327. Chapter 311: Transition-Metal Compounds, Electronic and Magnetic Properties of - p. 0050 328. Chapter 312: Micromechanical Devices and Systems - p. 0050 329. Chapter 313: Alloys: Overview - p. 0050 330. Chapter 314: Alloys: Iron - p. 0050 331. Chapter 315: Alloys: Steel - p. 0050 332. Chapter 316: Alloys: Magnesium - p. 0050 333. Chapter 317: Electronic structure: Impurity and defect states in metals and alloys - p. 0050 334. Chapter 318: Alloys: Aluminum - p. 0050 335. Chapter 319: Alloys: The superalloys - p. 0050 336. Chapter 320: Alloys: Copper - p. 0050 337. Chapter 321: Alloys: Titanium - p. 0050 338. Chapter 322: High-entropy alloys: An overview on the fundamentals, development, and future perspective - p. 0050 339. Chapter 323: Halide perovskites: Properties, synthesis, and applications - p. 0050 340. Chapter 324: Powder processing—Models and simulations - p. 0050 341. Chapter 325: Molecular clusters - p. 0050 342. Chapter 326: Electronic states of carbon materials - p. 0050 343. Chapter 327: Atomic layer deposition of materials - p. 0050 344. Chapter 328: Catalysts: Combinatorial heterogeneous catalysis - p. 0050 345. Chapter 329: Catalysts: Materials - p. 0050 346. Chapter 330: Numerical Approximation and Analysis - p. 0050 347. Chapter 331: Computer Simulation Techniques in Condensed Matter Physics - p. 0115 348. Chapter 332: Multicircle Diffractometry Methods - p. 0240 349. Chapter 333: Disorder and Localization Theory - p. 0140 350. Chapter 334: Optical Properties of Insulators - p. 0140 351. Chapter 335: Ruthenates - p. 0140 352. Chapter 336: Optical Fibers - p. 0140 353. Chapter 337: Light Emitting Diodes - p. 0140 354. Chapter 338: Diamond Anvil Cells - p. 0140 355. Index - p. 0140 356. Authors - p. 0140
Encyclopedia of Condensed Matter Physics, Second Edition, Five Volume Set is an authoritative and comprehensive expansion of the classic 2005 work, delivering over 300 brand new or fully updated articles focused on core theoretical discoveries and modern applications. Meticulously planned and structured into approximately 60 sections, the book allows the user to quickly gain a solid footing in the key theoretical aspects of quantum mechanics, mechanics, electrodynamics, relativity, statistical mechanics and the elementary particles that form the core physics background for the field. The work also presents useful coverage of experimental techniques, materials processing, and materials systems, as well as applied topics.
Novel topics, including topology in condensed matter, graphene, integer and fractional quantum Hall effect, and other nanoscale phenomena in optics, in semiconductors, and in superconductors are presented in unusual depth. The encyclopedia solves the problem that students and interdisciplinary researchers often have of finding clear, accessible foundational information to answer their initial questions on a topic.
1. Introduction - p. iii 2. Front Matter for Volume 1 - p. iii 3. Front Matter for Volume 2 - p. iii 4. Front Matter for Volume 3 - p. iii 5. Front Matter for Volume 4 - p. iii 6. Front Matter for Volume 5 - p. iii 7. Copyright - p. iii 8. Editor-in-Chief Biography - p. iii 9. Editorial Advisory Board - p. iii 10. List of Illustrations - p. iii 11. List of Tables - p. iii 12. Volume 1 - p. iii 13. Chapter 1: Quantum Hall effect and modern-day metrology - p. iii 14. Chapter 2: The pulse-driven AC Josephson voltage standard of Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) - p. iii 15. Chapter 3: Field theoretic aspects of condensed matter physics: An overview - p. iii 16. Chapter 4: Majorana fermions in condensed-matter physics - p. iii 17. Chapter 5: Majorana fermions in Kitaev spin liquids - p. iii 18. Chapter 6: Fundamental and emergent particles in condensed matter and high-energy physics - p. iii 19. Chapter 7: Phase transitions, spontaneous symmetry breaking, and Goldstone's theorem - p. iii 20. Chapter 8: Higgs and Nambu–Goldstone modes in condensed matter physics - p. iii 21. Chapter 9: Higgs and Goldstone modes in cold atom systems - p. iii 22. Chapter 10: Higgs and Goldstone modes in crystalline solids - p. iii 23. Chapter 11: Quantum mechanics: Foundations - p. iii 24. Chapter 12: Aharonov–Bohm and Aharonov–Casher effects in condensed matter physics: A brief review - p. iii 25. Chapter 13: Quantum computation of complex systems - p. iii 26. Chapter 14: Quantum information processing with superconducting circuits: A perspective - p. iii 27. Chapter 15: Braids, motions and topological quantum computing - p. iii 28. Chapter 16: Fibonacci anyon based topological quantum computer - p. iii 29. Chapter 17: Fractional quantum Hall effect in semiconductor systems - p. iii 30. Chapter 18: From the integer to the fractional quantum hall effect in graphene - p. iii 31. Chapter 19: Fractional quantum Hall effect at the filling factor ν = 5/2 - p. iii 32. Chapter 20: Interacting Dirac fermions and the rise of Pfaffians in graphene - p. iii 33. Chapter 21: On the stability of Laughlin's fractional quantum hall phase - p. iii 34. Chapter 22: Fractional statistics in low-dimensional systems - p. iii 35. Chapter 23: Anyon collisions and fractional statistics - p. iii 36. Chapter 24: Fractional statistics, gauge invariance and anomalies in condensed matter physics - p. iii 37. Chapter 25: Properties of 2D anyon gas - p. iii 38. Chapter 26: Abelian and non-abelian anyons - p. iii 39. Chapter 27: Statistical anyons - p. iii 40. Chapter 28: Recent developments in fractional Chern insulators - p. iii 41. Chapter 29: Quantum Hall states in higher Landau levels - p. iii 42. Chapter 30: Quantum Hall effect - p. iii 43. Chapter 31: The network model and the integer quantum Hall effect - p. iii 44. Chapter 32: Photonic quantum Hall effects - p. iii 45. Chapter 33: The Anomalous Hall Effect - p. iii 46. Chapter 34: Monolayer and bilayer graphene - p. iii 47. Chapter 35: Quantum spin Hall effect - p. iii 48. Chapter 36: Quantum hall and synthetic magnetic-field effects in ultra-cold atomic systems - p. iii 49. Chapter 37: Quantum Hall phases of cold Bose gases - p. iii 50. Chapter 38: Valley Currents in Graphene - p. iii 51. Chapter 39: Bulk-edge correspondence - p. iii 52. Chapter 40: Berry phase and geometrical observables - p. iii 53. Chapter 41: Topological properties of Dirac and Weyl semimetals - p. iii 54. Chapter 42: Topological insulators - p. iii 55. Chapter 43: Bloch electrons in a magnetic field - p. iii 56. Chapter 44: The Ten Martini problem - p. iii 57. Chapter 45: Hofstadter butterfly in graphene - p. iii 58. Chapter 46: Tight-binding method in electronic structure - p. iii 59. Chapter 47: Electronic Structure Calculations: Plane-Wave Methods - p. iii 60. Chapter 48: Plasmons in monolayer and bilayer graphene - p. iii 61. Chapter 49: Electron gas (theory) - p. iii 62. Chapter 50: The Jahn-Teller effects - p. iii 63. Chapter 51: Fermi surface measurements - p. iii 64. Chapter 52: Pseudopotential methods - p. iii 65. Chapter 53: Effective masses - p. iii 66. Chapter 54: Electronic structure: Impurity and defect states in insulators - p. iii 67. Chapter 55: Density functional theory - p. iii 68. Chapter 56: The sign problem in quantum Monte Carlo simulations - p. iii 69. Chapter 57: Quantum transport and electron-electron interactions in one dimension - p. iii 70. Chapter 58: Quantum physics in one dimension - p. iii 71. Chapter 59: The Hubbard model and the Mott–Hubbard transition - p. iii 72. Chapter 60: Electron quantum optics: A testbed for the Luttinger paradigma - p. iii 73. Chapter 61: Theoretical approaches to liquid helium - p. iii 74. Chapter 62: The dynamics of quantum fluids - p. iii 75. Chapter 63: Quantum fluids of light - p. iii 76. Chapter 64: Floquet states - p. iii 77. Chapter 65: Pump-probe spectroscopy for non-equilibrium condensed matter - p. iii 78. Chapter 66: Nonequilibirum physics, numerical methods - p. iii 79. Chapter 67: 1/f noise in quantum nanoscience - p. iii 80. Volume 2 - p. iii 81. Chapter 68: History of magnetism - p. iii 82. Chapter 69: Disordered magnetic systems - p. iii 83. Chapter 70: Magnetic Order - p. iii 84. Chapter 71: Paramagnetism - p. iii 85. Chapter 72: Diamagnetism - p. iii 86. Chapter 73: Ferromagnetism - p. iii 87. Chapter 74: Localized and Itinerant Magnetism - p. 0040 88. Chapter 75: Magnetic Domains - p. 0040 89. Chapter 76: Magnetic Interactions - p. 0130 90. Chapter 77: Magnetic Materials and Applications - p. 0130 91. Chapter 78: Magnetocaloric Effect - p. 0130 92. Chapter 79: Manganites - p. 0130 93. Chapter 80: Magnetic oxides - p. 0130 94. Chapter 81: Magnetic nanostructures - p. 0130 95. Chapter 82: The spin Hall effect - p. 0130 96. Chapter 83: The spin-transfer torque effect - p. 0130 97. Chapter 84: Quantum magnonics - p. 0130 98. Chapter 85: Spintronic materials - p. 0130 99. Chapter 86: The spin galvanic effect - p. 0130 100. Chapter 87: Spin–orbit coupling in solids - p. 0130 101. Chapter 88: Spin-orbit interaction based spintronics - p. 0130 102. Chapter 89: Spintronics in 2D graphene-based van der Waals heterostructures - p. 0130 103. Chapter 90: Optical orientation of spins in semiconductors - p. 0130 104. Chapter 91: Raman spectroscopy of graphene and related materials - p. 0130 105. Chapter 92: Quantum devices in graphene - p. 0130 106. Chapter 93: Surfaces and Interfaces, Electronic Structure of - p. 0130 107. Chapter 94: Graphene, electronic properties and topological properties - p. 0130 108. Chapter 95: Twisted bilayer graphene - p. 0130 109. Chapter 96: Graphene, transport - p. 0130 110. Chapter 97: van der Waals heterostructures - p. 0130 111. Chapter 98: Dirac materials beyond graphene - p. 0130 112. Chapter 99: Quantum confinement in Dirac-like nanostructures - p. 0130 113. Chapter 100: Theory of edge states in graphene-like systems - p. 0130 114. Chapter 101: An introduction to the theory of spin glasses - p. 0130 115. Chapter 102: Spin glass experiments - p. 0130 116. Chapter 103: Ferroic glasses - p. 0130 117. Chapter 104: Semiconductors, general properties - p. 0130 118. Chapter 105: Semiconductors: Exciton theory - p. 0130 119. Chapter 106: Polarons in condensed matter - p. 0130 120. Chapter 107: Semiconductors: Spin-density waves - p. 0130 121. Chapter 108: Electrons and holes - p. 0130 122. Chapter 109: Electron–phonon coupling and polarons in low-dimensional structures - p. 0130 123. Chapter 110: Electronic states of elemental semiconductors - p. 0130 124. Chapter 111: Semiconductors: Isotope effects in solids - p. 0130 125. Chapter 112: Polaritons - p. 0130 126. Chapter 113: Semiconductor Heterojunctions, Electronic Properties of - p. 0130 127. Chapter 114: Semiconductors, Impurity and Defect States in - p. 0130 128. Chapter 115: Semiconductor Nanostructures - p. 0130 129. Chapter 116: Epitaxy - p. 0130 130. Chapter 117: Epitaxy (classical MBE) - p. 0130 131. Chapter 118: Superconductivity: Critical currents - p. 0130 132. Chapter 119: High-temperature superconductors - p. 0130 133. Chapter 120: Phase diagrams of high-temperature superconductors - p. 0130 134. Chapter 121: Superconductors, hydrogen-based - p. 0130 135. Chapter 122: Unconventional superconductivity - p. 0130 136. Chapter 123: Superconducting density of states from scanning tunneling microscopy - p. 0130 137. Chapter 124: Josephson junctions - p. 0130 138. Chapter 125: Superconductivity: Electronic mechanisms - p. 0130 139. Chapter 126: Electrodynamics of superconductors - p. 0130 140. Chapter 127: Superconductivity: BCS theory - p. 0130 141. Chapter 128: Quantum fluctuations in superconducting nanowires - p. 0130 142. Chapter 129: Superconductor-ferromagnet hybrid structures - p. 0130 143. Chapter 130: Superconductivity: Ginzburg-Landau theory and vortex lattice - p. 0130 144. Chapter 131: Nanodimensional superconducting quantum interference devices - p. 0130 145. Chapter 132: Perspective in the twistronics of high-temperature superconductors - p. 0130 146. Chapter 133: Critical current fluctuations in Josephson junctions - p. 0130 147. Chapter 134: Fast dynamics of vortices in superconductors - p. 0130 148. Chapter 135: Non-Abelian anyons and non-Abelian vortices in topological superconductors - p. 0130 149. Chapter 136: Topological superconductors - p. 0130 150. Chapter 137: Superinsulation - p. 0130 151. Volume 3 - p. 0130 152. Chapter 138: Superfluidity - p. 0130 153. Chapter 139: BEC-BCS crossover in ultracold atomic gases and neutron stars - p. 0130 154. Chapter 140: Superconductivity and superfluidity in neutron stars - p. 0130 155. Chapter 141: BEC-BCS crossover, condensed matter experiments - p. 0130 156. Chapter 142: Excitonic superfluidity in electron-hole bilayer systems - p. 0130 157. Chapter 143: Spin superfluidity - p. 0130 158. Chapter 144: Bose–Einstein condensation - p. 0130 159. Chapter 145: Universality of Bose–Einstein condensation and quenched formation dynamics - p. 0130 160. Chapter 146: Interacting Bose-condensed gases - p. 0130 161. Chapter 147: Cold-atom systems as condensed matter physics emulation - p. 0130 162. Chapter 148: Ionic and mixed conductivity in condensed phases - p. 0130 163. Chapter 149: Electronic structure of liquids - p. 0130 164. Chapter 150: Supercooled liquids - p. 0130 165. Chapter 151: Glasses - p. 0130 166. Chapter 152: Disordered solids and glasses, electronic structure of - p. 0130 167. Chapter 153: Acoustics: Physical principles and applications to condensed matter physics - p. 0130 168. Chapter 154: Numerical methods for localization - p. 0130 169. Chapter 155: Disordered electron liquid with interactions: Theoretical aspects - p. 0130 170. Chapter 156: Basics of simulations and carrier localization effects in semiconductor materials - p. 0130 171. Chapter 157: Conductivity, electrical - p. 0130 172. Chapter 158: Coulomb blockade - p. 0130 173. Chapter 159: Conductivity, thermal - p. 0130 174. Chapter 160: Transport properties: Mass transport - p. 0130 175. Chapter 161: Ferroelectricity - p. 0130 176. Chapter 162: Planar quantum dots: Theoretical approaches - p. 0130 177. Chapter 163: Quantum dots: Optical properties - p. 0130 178. Chapter 164: The physics of quantum dots - p. 0130 179. Chapter 165: Self-organized semiconductor nanostructures (quantum dots, quantum rings and their arrays) - p. 0130 180. Chapter 166: Optical properties in rolled-up structures - p. 0130 181. Chapter 167: Nanostructured superconductors - p. 0130 182. Chapter 168: Kondo effects in quantum dots: Theory - p. 0130 183. Chapter 169: Kondo effects in quantum dots: Experiment - p. 0130 184. Chapter 170: Spin textures in quantum dots and quantum rings - p. 0130 185. Chapter 171: Quantum rings: Electronic properties - p. 0130 186. Chapter 172: Aharonov-Bohm effect in self-assembled InAs/GaAs Quantum Rings: Fabrication, formation mechanism and optical characterization - p. 0130 187. Chapter 173: Superstripes landscape in perovskites high Tc superconductors - p. 0130 188. Chapter 174: Additive nanofabrication using focused ion and electron beams - p. 0130 189. Chapter 175: Microstucture and macrostructure - p. 0130 190. Chapter 176: Structures: Orientation texture - p. 0130 191. Chapter 177: Nanostructures, Electronic Structure of - p. 0130 192. Chapter 178: THz light and manipulations of matter - p. 0130 193. Chapter 179: The importance of full-scale experiments for the study of seismic metamaterials - p. 0130 194. Chapter 180: Quantum devices of reduced dimensionality - p. 0130 195. Chapter 181: Thermoelectric energy conversion devices - p. 0130 196. Chapter 182: Geometry matters: Gamete transport using magnetic microrobots - p. 0130 197. Chapter 183: Memory devices—Non-volatile memories - p. 0130 198. Chapter 184: Memory devices – Volatile memories - p. 0130 199. Chapter 185: Residual stress and strain evaluation across the scales - p. 0130 200. Chapter 186: Terahertz nondestructive evaluation of additively manufactured and multilayered structures - p. 0130 201. Chapter 187: Excitons in nanoscale semiconductor structures - p. 0130 202. Chapter 188: Bose-Einstein Condensation of Excitons in a bulk semiconductor - p. 0130 203. Chapter 189: Nonlocal optical response of nanostructures - p. 0130 204. Chapter 190: Optical properties of dielectrics and semiconductors - p. 0130 205. Chapter 191: Polarizability and its generalization - p. 0130 206. Chapter 192: Ultrafast spectroscopy of correlated materials - p. 0130 207. Chapter 193: Excitons in crystals - p. 0130 208. Chapter 194: Optical properties of surface enhanced Raman scattering - p. 0130 209. Chapter 195: Photonic Bandgap Materials, Electronic States of - p. 0130 210. Chapter 196: Integrated Circuits - p. 0130 211. Chapter 197: Semiconductor Devices - p. 0130 212. Chapter 198: Semiconductor Lasers - p. 0130 213. Chapter 199: Transistors - p. 0160 214. Chapter 200: Silicon, History of - p. 0160 215. Chapter 201: Local field effects - p. 0160 216. Chapter 202: Dielectric function - p. 0160 217. Chapter 203: Mechanical properties: Fatigue - p. 0160 218. Chapter 204: Mechanical Properties: Elastic Behavior - p. 0160 219. Chapter 205: Mechanical Properties: Plastic Behavior - p. 0160 220. Chapter 206: Mechanical Properties: Strengthening Mechanisms in Metals - p. 0160 221. Volume 4 - p. 0160 222. Chapter 207: Low-energy electron microscopy - p. 0160 223. Chapter 208: Mössbauer spectroscopy - p. 0160 224. Chapter 209: Photoelectron spectromicroscopy - p. 0160 225. Chapter 210: Scanning electron microscopy - p. 0160 226. Chapter 211: Scanning probe microscopy - p. 0160 227. Chapter 212: Microscopy: Transmission electron microscopy - p. 0160 228. Chapter 213: Electron ptychography - p. 0160 229. Chapter 214: Momentum-resolved scanning transmission electron microscopy - p. 0160 230. Chapter 215: Confocal optical sectioning microscopy - p. 0160 231. Chapter 216: Cyclotron resonance in metals, with a focus on quasiparticle scattering rates - p. 0160 232. Chapter 217: Cyclotron resonance: Semiconductors - p. 0160 233. Chapter 218: Scattering, inelastic: Electron - p. 0160 234. Chapter 219: Raman spectroscopy: Nanostructures - p. 0160 235. Chapter 220: Scattering techniques, Compton - p. 0160 236. Chapter 221: Scattering: Inelastic scattering technique—Brillouin - p. 0160 237. Chapter 222: Scattering, inelastic: X-ray (methods and applications) - p. 0160 238. Chapter 223: Nuclear resonant scattering - p. 0160 239. Chapter 224: Scattering, Rayleigh - p. 0160 240. Chapter 225: Shubnikov–de Haas and de Haas–van Alphen Techniques - p. 0160 241. Chapter 226: Core photoemission from graphene to silicene - p. 0210 242. Chapter 227: Harmonic generation frequency conversion - p. 0210 243. Chapter 228: Valence photoemission - p. 0210 244. Chapter 229: Spectroscopy: Impedance spectroscopy and mobility spectra - p. 0210 245. Chapter 230: Plasmon-enhanced Raman spectroscopy: Principles and applications - p. 0210 246. Chapter 231: Optical tweezers: Theory and practice - p. 0210 247. Chapter 232: Angle-resolved photoemission of topological materials - p. 0210 248. Chapter 233: Metals and Metallic Alloys, Optical Properties of - p. 0210 249. Chapter 234: Nonlinear Optics - p. 0355 250. Chapter 235: Surfaces, Optical Properties of - p. 0355 251. Chapter 236: X-Ray Topography - p. 0355 252. Chapter 237: Laser radiation sources - p. 0355 253. Chapter 238: Synchrotron radiation - p. 0355 254. Chapter 239: Radiation sources: X-ray sources - p. 0355 255. Chapter 240: Neutron sources - p. 0355 256. Chapter 241: Electron and positron sources - p. 0355 257. Chapter 242: The fundamental laws of thermodynamics; Role of surroundings in heat and work transfer - p. 0355 258. Chapter 243: Irreversible thermodynamics as applied to basic electron transport theory in solids - p. 0355 259. Chapter 244: Thermodynamics: Phase transformations - p. 0355 260. Chapter 245: Incommensurate phases - p. 0355 261. Chapter 246: Thermodynamics of information - p. 0355 262. Chapter 247: Quantum annealing and computation - p. 0355 263. Chapter 248: Molecular dynamics calculations: Machine learning - p. 0355 264. Chapter 249: Materials informatics with machine learning - p. 0355 265. Chapter 250: Classical statistical mechanics - p. 0355 266. Chapter 251: Statistical mechanics: Quantum - p. 0355 267. Chapter 252: Quantum biology: An overview - p. 0355 268. Chapter 253: Fundamental aspects of quantum biology - p. 0355 269. Chapter 254: Nature's novel materials: A review of quantum biology - p. 0355 270. Chapter 255: Physics of protein folding - p. 0355 271. Chapter 256: How protein fold: Insights from nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy - p. 0355 272. Chapter 257: Solid-State NMR Structural Studies of Proteins - p. 0355 273. Chapter 258: Protein Folding, Engineering of - p. 0355 274. Chapter 259: Protein Folding and Aggregation - p. 0355 275. Chapter 260: Protein Folding and Evolution - p. 0355 276. Chapter 261: DNA and RNA, biophysical aspects - p. 0355 277. Chapter 262: DNA and RNA, electronic and electric properties - p. 0355 278. Chapter 263: Genetic Algorithms for Biological Systems - p. 0355 279. Chapter 264: Ion Transport in Biological Membranes - p. 0355 280. Chapter 265: Electric and Magnetic Fields in Cells and Tissues - p. 0355 281. Chapter 266: Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields - p. 0355 282. Chapter 267: Metalloproteins, Structural Determination of - p. 0355 283. Chapter 268: Photosynthesis, Physics of - p. 0355 284. Chapter 269: Biomedical Materials - p. 0355 285. Volume 5 - p. 0355 286. Chapter 270: Magnetic point groups and space groups - p. 0355 287. Chapter 271: Crystal structure - p. 0355 288. Chapter 272: Periodicity and lattices - p. 0355 289. Chapter 273: Crystal structure determination - p. 0355 290. Chapter 274: Macromolecular crystallography - p. 0355 291. Chapter 275: Point groups - p. 0355 292. Chapter 276: Space Groups - p. 0355 293. Chapter 277: Crystal Symmetry - p. 0255 294. Chapter 278: Crystal optics - p. 0225 295. Chapter 279: Holography - p. 0225 296. Chapter 280: Sum rules and Kramers-Kronig relations in linear and nonlinear optics - p. 0225 297. Chapter 281: Semiconductor optics - p. 0225 298. Chapter 282: Ultrafast optics of topological materials - p. 0225 299. Chapter 283: Electromagnetically induced transparency - p. 0225 300. Chapter 284: Optical properties of materials - p. 0225 301. Chapter 285: Photon statistics and coherence theory - p. 0225 302. Chapter 286: Point defects - p. 0225 303. Chapter 287: Methods for bulk growth of inorganic crystals - p. 0225 304. Chapter 288: Crystal binding (interatomic forces): Ionic bonding and crystals - p. 0225 305. Chapter 289: Crystal binding (interatomic forces): Metallic bonding and crystals - p. 0225 306. Chapter 290: Crystal growth, bulk: Theory and models - p. 0225 307. Chapter 291: Film growth and epitaxy methods - p. 0225 308. Chapter 292: Thin Films, Mechanical Behavior of - p. 0225 309. Chapter 293: Electronic and transport properties of aperiodic media - p. 0225 310. Chapter 294: Lattice dynamics: Aperiodic crystals - p. 0225 311. Chapter 295: Electronic structure of quasicrystals - p. 0225 312. Chapter 296: Vibrational excitations in disordered solids - p. 0225 313. Chapter 297: Atomic structure of quasicrystals - p. 0225 314. Chapter 298: Materials: Composites - p. 0225 315. Chapter 299: Self-organized porous semiconductor compounds - p. 0225 316. Chapter 300: Structures: Liquid crystals - p. 0225 317. Chapter 301: Highly Porous Metals and Ceramics - p. 0225 318. Chapter 302: Dislocations - p. 0225 319. Chapter 303: Lattice Dynamics: Anharmonic Effects - p. 0045 320. Chapter 304: Ceramic Materials - p. 0050 321. Chapter 305: Polymers, History of - p. 0050 322. Chapter 306: Neutrons and Neutron Scattering, History of - p. 0050 323. Chapter 307: Ceramics, History of - p. 0050 324. Chapter 308: Porous Silicon - p. 0050 325. Chapter 309: Electronic states of semiconductor compounds and alloys - p. 0050 326. Chapter 310: Intermetallic Compounds, Electronic States of - p. 0050 327. Chapter 311: Transition-Metal Compounds, Electronic and Magnetic Properties of - p. 0050 328. Chapter 312: Micromechanical Devices and Systems - p. 0050 329. Chapter 313: Alloys: Overview - p. 0050 330. Chapter 314: Alloys: Iron - p. 0050 331. Chapter 315: Alloys: Steel - p. 0050 332. Chapter 316: Alloys: Magnesium - p. 0050 333. Chapter 317: Electronic structure: Impurity and defect states in metals and alloys - p. 0050 334. Chapter 318: Alloys: Aluminum - p. 0050 335. Chapter 319: Alloys: The superalloys - p. 0050 336. Chapter 320: Alloys: Copper - p. 0050 337. Chapter 321: Alloys: Titanium - p. 0050 338. Chapter 322: High-entropy alloys: An overview on the fundamentals, development, and future perspective - p. 0050 339. Chapter 323: Halide perovskites: Properties, synthesis, and applications - p. 0050 340. Chapter 324: Powder processing—Models and simulations - p. 0050 341. Chapter 325: Molecular clusters - p. 0050 342. Chapter 326: Electronic states of carbon materials - p. 0050 343. Chapter 327: Atomic layer deposition of materials - p. 0050 344. Chapter 328: Catalysts: Combinatorial heterogeneous catalysis - p. 0050 345. Chapter 329: Catalysts: Materials - p. 0050 346. Chapter 330: Numerical Approximation and Analysis - p. 0050 347. Chapter 331: Computer Simulation Techniques in Condensed Matter Physics - p. 0115 348. Chapter 332: Multicircle Diffractometry Methods - p. 0240 349. Chapter 333: Disorder and Localization Theory - p. 0140 350. Chapter 334: Optical Properties of Insulators - p. 0140 351. Chapter 335: Ruthenates - p. 0140 352. Chapter 336: Optical Fibers - p. 0140 353. Chapter 337: Light Emitting Diodes - p. 0140 354. Chapter 338: Diamond Anvil Cells - p. 0140 355. Index - p. 0140 356. Authors - p. 0140
