Encyclopedia of Soils in the Environment, Second Edition, Five Volume Set updates and expands the previous version to ensure coverage of topics relevant to current world problems such as population pressure, food security and global change.
Since publication of the previous edition there has been a huge change in our ability to carry out bioinformatics related to soil organisms and their functioning. Major developments in next generation DNA sequencing techniques have made it possible to identify both the diversity of microbial populations and their functioning. Furthermore, it allows the management of microbes within the soil. Imaging is changing our perceptions and improving our knowledge of soil aggregation. This also applies to remote and proximal sensing of laboratory and field soils, which is undergoing rapid change. Soil physics is a core area of soil science, but new techniques and technology have increased our understanding of processes.
This reference work covers the entire field of soil science, bridging the gap between basic science and applications, and is designed to serve students and expert researchers. It is organized around four core topics, the main components of soil science – biology, chemistry, physics and environment and management.
Soil science is becoming a crucial subject as world governments realize its importance in food production, water quality, flood control, greenhouse gas management, source of antibiotics and other drugs. As such this work is of interest not only to academics but to policy makers, government researchers and the geographical and environmental community who are not necessarily in research roles but need information on soil to support their core work.
1. Chapter 187: Ecozones and soils – An introduction - p. iii 2. Chapter 188: Cold Region Soils: Part I—Distribution, Properties and Processes - p. iii 3. Chapter 189: Cold region soils: Part II – Genesis and classification - p. iii 4. Chapter 190: Boreal forest soils - p. iii 5. Chapter 191: Soils of humid cool temperate regions - p. iii 6. Chapter 192: Grassland soils in the cool–arid–temperate ecozone (Steppe, grassland) - p. iii 7. Chapter 193: Soils from a warm-temperate semi-tropical ecozone (Mediterranean) with humid winter months - p. iii 8. Chapter 194: Arid and semi-arid subtropical and tropical ecozone (II) - p. iii 9. Chapter 195: Humid subtropical ecozone with emphasis on Acrisols and Alisols - p. iii 10. Chapter 196: Soils of the humid and sub-humid tropics - p. iii 11. Classification of soils by properties and environmental settings - p. iii 12. Chapter 197: Sodic soils - p. iii 13. Chapter 198: Organic soils - p. iii 14. Chapter 199: The pedology of anaerobic soils - p. iii 15. Chapter 200: Alluvium and alluvial soils - p. iii 16. Chapter 201: Hydric Soils - p. iii 17. Chapter 202: Wetland soils - p. iii 18. Chapter 203: Paddy soils: Characteristics, productivity and management - p. iii 19. Chapter 204: Volcanic soils and non-volcanic andic soils - p. iii 20. Pedometrics - p. iii 21. Chapter 205: Overview of Pedometrics - p. iii 22. Statistics and soil data analysis - p. iii 23. Chapter 206: Statistics in soil science - p. iii 24. Chapter 207: Multivariate analysis for soil science - p. iii 25. Chapter 208: Machine learning and processing of large data - p. iii 26. Chapter 209: The issue of scale and change of support in the spatial analysis of environmental data - p. iii 27. Soil measurements in space and time - p. iii 28. Chapter 210: Sampling for soil survey - p. iii 29. Chapter 211: Handling of soil samples in the field, in transport to the laboratory and in the laboratory - p. iii 30. Chapter 212: Digital Soil Morphometrics - p. iii 31. Chapter 213: Proximal soil sensing in the field - p. iii 32. Chapter 214: Proximal sensing of soil moisture - p. iii 33. Chapter 215: Proximal sensing of land surface temperature - p. iii 34. Chapter 216: Proximal sensing of evapotranspiration - p. iii 35. Chapter 217: Remote sensing of soil moisture - p. iii 36. Chapter 218: Remote Sensing of Soil Organic Carbon - p. iii 37. Chapter 219: Pedotransfer functions and their application to soil water dynamics - p. iii 38. Spatial and temporal soil variation - p. iii 39. Chapter 220: Geostatistics: Modelling spatial variation - p. iii 40. Chapter 221: Uncertainty assessment of spatial soil information - p. iii 41. Chapter 222: Digital soil mapping: Evolution, current state and future directions of the science - p. iii 42. Chapter 223: Geographical information systems (GIS) and soils - p. iii 43. Chapter 224: Precision agriculture - p. iii 44. Chapter 225: Foundations, measurements and trends in pedodiversity - p. iii 45. Soil landscape modelling - p. iii 46. Chapter 226: Modeling soil development in a landscape context - p. iii 47. Chapter 227: Climate and land surface models: Role of soil - p. iii 48. Volume 5: Soil Physics - p. iii 49. Soil structure & mechanics - p. iii 50. Chapter 228: Soil structure - p. iii 51. Chapter 229: Aggregation - p. iii 52. Chapter 230: Porosity and pore-size distribution - p. iii 53. Chapter 231: Pore-scale modelling of flow and transport phenomena in soils - p. iii 54. Chapter 232: Soil texture: Its relevance, measurement and representation internationally - p. iii 55. Chapter 233: Soil tilth - p. iii 56. Chapter 234: Crusts and seals: Structural - p. iii 57. Chapter 235: Soil mechanics - p. iii 58. Chapter 236: Compaction - p. iii 59. Chapter 237: Bioturbation—Physical processes - p. iii 60. Chapter 238: The reinforcement of soil by plant roots - p. iii 61. Chapter 239: Physical effects of soil salinity - p. iii 62. Chapter 240: Shrink-Swell processes in soils - p. iii 63. Water retention - p. iii 64. Chapter 241: Water properties - p. iii 65. Chapter 242: Water potential - p. iii 66. Chapter 243: Water content and water potential measurement - p. iii 67. Chapter 244: Soil water retention and characteristic curve - p. iii 68. Chapter 245: Soil water repellency - p. iii 69. Flow & transport processes - p. iii 70. Chapter 246: Aeration - p. iii 71. Chapter 247: Capillarity - p. iii 72. Chapter 248: Darcy's law - p. iii 73. Chapter 249: Diffusion - p. iii 74. Chapter 250: Hydrodynamics in soil - p. iii 75. Chapter 251: Thermodynamics of soil water - p. iii 76. Chapter 252: Immiscible Fluids - p. iii 77. Chapter 253: Overland flow - p. iii 78. Chapter 254: Direction-dependency of soil hydraulic and mechanical properties - p. iii 79. Chapter 255: Macropores and macropore flow - p. iii 80. Chapter 256: Unstable preferential flow in porous media - p. iii 81. Chapter 257: Leaching processes - p. iii 82. Chapter 258: Colloid transport - p. iii 83. Chapter 259: Scaling of transport properties - p. iii 84. Chapter 260: Soil influence on groundwater - p. iii 85. Thermal properties and behaviour - p. iii 86. Chapter 261: Temperature effects of soil hydraulic properties - p. iii 87. Chapter 262: Heat and vapor transfer - p. iii 88. Chapter 263: Radiation Balance - p. iii 89. Chapter 264: Freezing and thawing cycles - p. iii 90. Chapter 265: Arctic permafrost - p. iii 91. Chapter 266: Permafrost and cold region hydrology - p. iii 92. Sensing Techniques - p. iii 93. Chapter 267: Soil water sensing by neutron scattering - p. iii 94. Chapter 268: Time-domain reflectometry - p. iii 95. Chapter 269: Geophysical methods for soil applications - p. iii 96. Chapter 270: Non-invasive imaging of soil processes - p. iii 97. Hydrology & water balance - p. iii 98. Chapter 271: Soil processes in the hydrologic cycle - p. iii 99. Chapter 272: Global water cycle from a soil perspective - p. iii 100. Chapter 273: Water evaporation from bare soil - p. iii 101. Chapter 274: Evapotranspiration - p. iii 102. Chapter 275: Plant available water - p. iii 103. Chapter 276: Plant-water relations - p. iii 104. Chapter 277: Water use efficiency: A review of spatial and temporal variability - p. iii 105. Chapter 278: Root water uptake and myco-rhizosphere hydraulic properties - p. iii 106. Chapter 279: Plant-soil-water relations - p. iii 107. Chapter 280: Crop and landscape water requirements - p. iii 108. Chapter 281: Water harvesting - p. iii 109. Chapter 282: Irrigation methods - p. iii 110. Chapter 283: Soil–plant–atmosphere continuum - p. iii 111. Chapter 284: The Penman-Monteith equation - p. iii 112. Chapter 285: Infiltration - p. iii 113. Chapter 286: Solute transport - p. iii 114. Chapter 287: Lysimetry - p. iii 115. Chapter 288: Recognition of notable past soil scientists - p. iii 116. Index - p. iii 117. Authors - p. iii
Encyclopedia of Soils in the Environment, Second Edition, Five Volume Set updates and expands the previous version to ensure coverage of topics relevant to current world problems such as population pressure, food security and global change.
Since publication of the previous edition there has been a huge change in our ability to carry out bioinformatics related to soil organisms and their functioning. Major developments in next generation DNA sequencing techniques have made it possible to identify both the diversity of microbial populations and their functioning. Furthermore, it allows the management of microbes within the soil. Imaging is changing our perceptions and improving our knowledge of soil aggregation. This also applies to remote and proximal sensing of laboratory and field soils, which is undergoing rapid change. Soil physics is a core area of soil science, but new techniques and technology have increased our understanding of processes.
This reference work covers the entire field of soil science, bridging the gap between basic science and applications, and is designed to serve students and expert researchers. It is organized around four core topics, the main components of soil science – biology, chemistry, physics and environment and management.
Soil science is becoming a crucial subject as world governments realize its importance in food production, water quality, flood control, greenhouse gas management, source of antibiotics and other drugs. As such this work is of interest not only to academics but to policy makers, government researchers and the geographical and environmental community who are not necessarily in research roles but need information on soil to support their core work.
1. Chapter 187: Ecozones and soils – An introduction - p. iii 2. Chapter 188: Cold Region Soils: Part I—Distribution, Properties and Processes - p. iii 3. Chapter 189: Cold region soils: Part II – Genesis and classification - p. iii 4. Chapter 190: Boreal forest soils - p. iii 5. Chapter 191: Soils of humid cool temperate regions - p. iii 6. Chapter 192: Grassland soils in the cool–arid–temperate ecozone (Steppe, grassland) - p. iii 7. Chapter 193: Soils from a warm-temperate semi-tropical ecozone (Mediterranean) with humid winter months - p. iii 8. Chapter 194: Arid and semi-arid subtropical and tropical ecozone (II) - p. iii 9. Chapter 195: Humid subtropical ecozone with emphasis on Acrisols and Alisols - p. iii 10. Chapter 196: Soils of the humid and sub-humid tropics - p. iii 11. Classification of soils by properties and environmental settings - p. iii 12. Chapter 197: Sodic soils - p. iii 13. Chapter 198: Organic soils - p. iii 14. Chapter 199: The pedology of anaerobic soils - p. iii 15. Chapter 200: Alluvium and alluvial soils - p. iii 16. Chapter 201: Hydric Soils - p. iii 17. Chapter 202: Wetland soils - p. iii 18. Chapter 203: Paddy soils: Characteristics, productivity and management - p. iii 19. Chapter 204: Volcanic soils and non-volcanic andic soils - p. iii 20. Pedometrics - p. iii 21. Chapter 205: Overview of Pedometrics - p. iii 22. Statistics and soil data analysis - p. iii 23. Chapter 206: Statistics in soil science - p. iii 24. Chapter 207: Multivariate analysis for soil science - p. iii 25. Chapter 208: Machine learning and processing of large data - p. iii 26. Chapter 209: The issue of scale and change of support in the spatial analysis of environmental data - p. iii 27. Soil measurements in space and time - p. iii 28. Chapter 210: Sampling for soil survey - p. iii 29. Chapter 211: Handling of soil samples in the field, in transport to the laboratory and in the laboratory - p. iii 30. Chapter 212: Digital Soil Morphometrics - p. iii 31. Chapter 213: Proximal soil sensing in the field - p. iii 32. Chapter 214: Proximal sensing of soil moisture - p. iii 33. Chapter 215: Proximal sensing of land surface temperature - p. iii 34. Chapter 216: Proximal sensing of evapotranspiration - p. iii 35. Chapter 217: Remote sensing of soil moisture - p. iii 36. Chapter 218: Remote Sensing of Soil Organic Carbon - p. iii 37. Chapter 219: Pedotransfer functions and their application to soil water dynamics - p. iii 38. Spatial and temporal soil variation - p. iii 39. Chapter 220: Geostatistics: Modelling spatial variation - p. iii 40. Chapter 221: Uncertainty assessment of spatial soil information - p. iii 41. Chapter 222: Digital soil mapping: Evolution, current state and future directions of the science - p. iii 42. Chapter 223: Geographical information systems (GIS) and soils - p. iii 43. Chapter 224: Precision agriculture - p. iii 44. Chapter 225: Foundations, measurements and trends in pedodiversity - p. iii 45. Soil landscape modelling - p. iii 46. Chapter 226: Modeling soil development in a landscape context - p. iii 47. Chapter 227: Climate and land surface models: Role of soil - p. iii 48. Volume 5: Soil Physics - p. iii 49. Soil structure & mechanics - p. iii 50. Chapter 228: Soil structure - p. iii 51. Chapter 229: Aggregation - p. iii 52. Chapter 230: Porosity and pore-size distribution - p. iii 53. Chapter 231: Pore-scale modelling of flow and transport phenomena in soils - p. iii 54. Chapter 232: Soil texture: Its relevance, measurement and representation internationally - p. iii 55. Chapter 233: Soil tilth - p. iii 56. Chapter 234: Crusts and seals: Structural - p. iii 57. Chapter 235: Soil mechanics - p. iii 58. Chapter 236: Compaction - p. iii 59. Chapter 237: Bioturbation—Physical processes - p. iii 60. Chapter 238: The reinforcement of soil by plant roots - p. iii 61. Chapter 239: Physical effects of soil salinity - p. iii 62. Chapter 240: Shrink-Swell processes in soils - p. iii 63. Water retention - p. iii 64. Chapter 241: Water properties - p. iii 65. Chapter 242: Water potential - p. iii 66. Chapter 243: Water content and water potential measurement - p. iii 67. Chapter 244: Soil water retention and characteristic curve - p. iii 68. Chapter 245: Soil water repellency - p. iii 69. Flow & transport processes - p. iii 70. Chapter 246: Aeration - p. iii 71. Chapter 247: Capillarity - p. iii 72. Chapter 248: Darcy's law - p. iii 73. Chapter 249: Diffusion - p. iii 74. Chapter 250: Hydrodynamics in soil - p. iii 75. Chapter 251: Thermodynamics of soil water - p. iii 76. Chapter 252: Immiscible Fluids - p. iii 77. Chapter 253: Overland flow - p. iii 78. Chapter 254: Direction-dependency of soil hydraulic and mechanical properties - p. iii 79. Chapter 255: Macropores and macropore flow - p. iii 80. Chapter 256: Unstable preferential flow in porous media - p. iii 81. Chapter 257: Leaching processes - p. iii 82. Chapter 258: Colloid transport - p. iii 83. Chapter 259: Scaling of transport properties - p. iii 84. Chapter 260: Soil influence on groundwater - p. iii 85. Thermal properties and behaviour - p. iii 86. Chapter 261: Temperature effects of soil hydraulic properties - p. iii 87. Chapter 262: Heat and vapor transfer - p. iii 88. Chapter 263: Radiation Balance - p. iii 89. Chapter 264: Freezing and thawing cycles - p. iii 90. Chapter 265: Arctic permafrost - p. iii 91. Chapter 266: Permafrost and cold region hydrology - p. iii 92. Sensing Techniques - p. iii 93. Chapter 267: Soil water sensing by neutron scattering - p. iii 94. Chapter 268: Time-domain reflectometry - p. iii 95. Chapter 269: Geophysical methods for soil applications - p. iii 96. Chapter 270: Non-invasive imaging of soil processes - p. iii 97. Hydrology & water balance - p. iii 98. Chapter 271: Soil processes in the hydrologic cycle - p. iii 99. Chapter 272: Global water cycle from a soil perspective - p. iii 100. Chapter 273: Water evaporation from bare soil - p. iii 101. Chapter 274: Evapotranspiration - p. iii 102. Chapter 275: Plant available water - p. iii 103. Chapter 276: Plant-water relations - p. iii 104. Chapter 277: Water use efficiency: A review of spatial and temporal variability - p. iii 105. Chapter 278: Root water uptake and myco-rhizosphere hydraulic properties - p. iii 106. Chapter 279: Plant-soil-water relations - p. iii 107. Chapter 280: Crop and landscape water requirements - p. iii 108. Chapter 281: Water harvesting - p. iii 109. Chapter 282: Irrigation methods - p. iii 110. Chapter 283: Soil–plant–atmosphere continuum - p. iii 111. Chapter 284: The Penman-Monteith equation - p. iii 112. Chapter 285: Infiltration - p. iii 113. Chapter 286: Solute transport - p. iii 114. Chapter 287: Lysimetry - p. iii 115. Chapter 288: Recognition of notable past soil scientists - p. iii 116. Index - p. iii 117. Authors - p. iii
