Now fully revised and up-to-date, Expert DDx: Chest, second edition, quickly guides you to the most likely differential diagnoses based on key imaging findings and clinical information. Expert radiologists Melissa L. Rosado-de-Christenson, Brett W. Carter, and John P. Lichtenberger III present more than 120 cases across a broad cardiothoracic spectrum, classified by general imaging features, modality-specific findings, and clinically-based indications. Readers will find authoritative, superbly illustrated guidance for defining and reporting useful, actionable differential diagnoses that lead to definitive findings for the entire gamut of chest disorders.
1. SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION - p. xiii 2. APPROACH TO CLINICAL PRESENTATION - p. xiii 3. Chapter 1: Approach to Clinical Presentation - p. xiii 4. Chapter 2: Chest Pain - p. 5 5. Chapter 3: Chest Trauma - p. 11 6. Chapter 4: Cough - p. 17 7. Chapter 5: Acute Dyspnea - p. 23 8. Chapter 6: Chronic Dyspnea - p. 29 9. Chapter 7: Hemoptysis - p. 33 10. Chapter 8: Immunosuppression - p. 37 11. Chapter 9: Stridor - p. 41 12. Chapter 10: Wheezing - p. 45 13. SECTION 2: LUNGS AND AIRSPACES - p. 47 14. APPROACH TO LUNGS AND AIRSPACES - p. 47 15. Chapter 11: Approach to Lungs and Airspaces - p. 47 16. GENERAL IMAGING PATTERNS - p. 51 17. Chapter 12: Acinar Nodules - p. 51 18. Chapter 13: Air Bronchogram - p. 53 19. Chapter 14: Apical Opacity - p. 55 20. Chapter 15: Architectural Distortion - p. 57 21. Chapter 16: Atelectasis - p. 61 22. Chapter 17: Bullous Disease - p. 65 23. Chapter 18: Calcification/Ossification - p. 67 24. Chapter 19: Cavity - p. 71 25. Chapter 20: Consolidation - p. 75 26. Chapter 21: Cysts - p. 81 27. Chapter 22: Lucencies - p. 85 28. Chapter 23: Migratory Opacities - p. 87 29. Chapter 24: Micronodules - p. 89 30. Chapter 25: Peripheral (Subpleural) Consolidation - p. 91 31. Chapter 26: Pulmonary Mass - p. 95 32. Chapter 27: Solitary Pulmonary Nodule - p. 101 33. Chapter 28: Multiple Pulmonary Nodules - p. 107 34. Chapter 29: Pulmonary Nodules With Cavitation - p. 113 35. MODALITY-SPECIFIC IMAGING FINDINGS: RADIOGRAPHY - p. 117 36. Chapter 30: Low Lung Volume - p. 117 37. Chapter 31: Large Lung Volume - p. 119 38. Chapter 32: Lucent Hemithorax - p. 121 39. Chapter 33: Opaque Hemithorax - p. 123 40. Chapter 34: Luftsichel Sign - p. 125 41. Chapter 35: Silhouette Sign - p. 127 42. Chapter 36: S-Sign of Golden - p. 129 43. MODALITY-SPECIFIC IMAGING FINDINGS: COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY - p. 131 44. Chapter 37: Air Crescent Sign - p. 131 45. Chapter 38: CT Halo Sign - p. 133 46. Chapter 39: Ground-Glass Opacity - p. 135 47. Chapter 40: Reversed Halo Sign - p. 139 48. SECTION 3: INTERSTITIUM - p. 141 49. APPROACH TO INTERSTITIUM - p. 141 50. Chapter 41: Approach to Interstitium - p. 141 51. GENERAL IMAGING PATTERNS - p. 145 52. Chapter 42: Reticular Opacities - p. 145 53. Chapter 43: Honeycombing - p. 147 54. Chapter 44: Upper Lung Zone Predominant Lung Disease - p. 151 55. Chapter 45: Lower Lung Zone Predominant Lung Disease - p. 155 56. MODALITY-SPECIFIC IMAGING FINDINGS: COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY - p. 159 57. Chapter 46: Interlobular Septal Thickening and Crazy Paving - p. 159 58. Chapter 47: Mass-Like Fibrosis - p. 163 59. Chapter 48: Miliary Nodules - p. 165 60. Chapter 49: Perilymphatic Nodules - p. 167 61. SECTION 4: AIRWAYS - p. 169 62. APPROACH TO AIRWAYS - p. 169 63. Chapter 50: Approach to Airways - p. 169 64. GENERAL IMAGING PATTERNS - p. 173 65. Chapter 51: Tracheal Dilatation - p. 173 66. Chapter 52: Tracheal Narrowing - p. 175 67. Chapter 53: Finger-in-Glove Sign - p. 177 68. MODALITY-SPECIFIC IMAGING FINDINGS: COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY - p. 179 69. Chapter 54: Airway Wall Thickening (Focal) - p. 179 70. Chapter 55: Airway Wall Thickening (Diffuse) - p. 183 71. Chapter 56: Tracheal Lesion - p. 187 72. Chapter 57: Endobronchial Lesion - p. 191 73. Chapter 58: Mosaic Attenuation and Air-Trapping - p. 193 74. Chapter 59: Centrilobular Nodules - p. 197 75. Chapter 60: Tree-in-Bud Opacities - p. 201 76. Chapter 61: Bronchiectasis - p. 205 77. SECTION 5: MEDIASTINUM AND HILA - p. 211 78. APPROACH TO MEDIASTINUM AND HILA - p. 211 79. Chapter 62: Approach to Mediastinum and Hila - p. 211 80. GENERAL IMAGING PATTERNS - p. 217 81. Chapter 63: Focal Mediastinal Enlargement - p. 217 82. Chapter 64: Diffuse Mediastinal Enlargement - p. 221 83. Chapter 65: Anterior/Prevascular Compartment Lesion - p. 225 84. Chapter 66: Middle/Visceral Compartment Lesion - p. 229 85. Chapter 67: Posterior/Paravertebral Compartment Lesion - p. 233 86. Chapter 68: Cardiophrenic Angle Lesion - p. 237 87. Chapter 69: Azygoesophageal Recess Lesion - p. 239 88. Chapter 70: Lymphadenopathy - p. 241 89. Chapter 71: Pneumomediastinum - p. 245 90. MODALITY-SPECIFIC IMAGING FINDINGS: RADIOGRAPHY - p. 247 91. Chapter 72: Hilum Overlay Sign - p. 247 92. Chapter 73: Unilateral Hilar Enlargement - p. 251 93. Chapter 74: Bilateral Hilar Enlargement - p. 255 94. Chapter 75: Mediastinal Shift - p. 259 95. MODALITY-SPECIFIC IMAGING FINDINGS: COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY - p. 263 96. Chapter 76: Fat-Containing Mediastinal Lesion - p. 263 97. Chapter 77: Cystic Mediastinal Lesion - p. 265 98. Chapter 78: Soft Tissue Lesion - p. 269 99. Chapter 79: Enhancing Soft Tissue Lesion - p. 273 100. Chapter 80: Mediastinal Calcification - p. 277 101. MODALITY-SPECIFIC IMAGING FINDINGS: MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING - p. 281 102. Chapter 81: Mediastinal Mass - p. 281 103. SECTION 6: PULMONARY ARTERIES - p. 285 104. APPROACH TO PULMONARY ARTERIES - p. 285 105. Chapter 82: Approach to Pulmonary Arteries - p. 285 106. GENERAL IMAGING PATTERNS - p. 291 107. Chapter 83: Pulmonary Artery Enlargement - p. 291 108. MODALITY-SPECIFIC IMAGING FINDINGS: COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY - p. 293 109. Chapter 84: Pulmonary Artery Filling Defect - p. 293 110. Chapter 85: Pulmonary Artery Mass - p. 295 111. Chapter 86: Pulmonary Artery Invasion - p. 297 112. Chapter 87: Focal Pulmonary Artery Enlargement - p. 301 113. SECTION 7: THORACIC AORTA - p. 305 114. APPROACH TO THORACIC AORTA - p. 305 115. Chapter 88: Approach to Thoracic Aorta - p. 305 116. GENERAL IMAGING PATTERNS - p. 309 117. Chapter 89: Dilatation of Thoracic Aorta - p. 309 118. Chapter 90: Dilatation of Ascending Thoracic Aorta - p. 311 119. Chapter 91: Aortic Calcification - p. 313 120. MODALITY-SPECIFIC IMAGING FINDINGS: COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY - p. 315 121. Chapter 92: Aortic Wall Thickening - p. 315 122. Chapter 93: Acute Aortic Syndrome - p. 317 123. SECTION 8: PLEURA - p. 319 124. APPROACH TO PLEURA - p. 319 125. Chapter 94: Approach to Pleura - p. 319 126. GENERAL IMAGING PATTERNS - p. 325 127. Chapter 95: Free Pleural Effusion - p. 325 128. Chapter 96: Loculated Pleural Effusion - p. 329 129. Chapter 97: Pleural Thickening - p. 331 130. Chapter 98: Pleural Nodule/Mass - p. 335 131. Chapter 99: Pleural Calcification - p. 339 132. Chapter 100: Pneumothorax - p. 341 133. Chapter 101: Pleural Air-Fluid Level - p. 345 134. SECTION 9: CHEST WALL AND DIAPHRAGM - p. 347 135. APPROACH TO CHEST WALL AND DIAPHRAGM - p. 347 136. Chapter 102: Approach to Chest Wall and Diaphragm - p. 347 137. GENERAL IMAGING PATTERNS - p. 353 138. Chapter 103: Elevated Hemidiaphragm - p. 353 139. Chapter 104: Chest Wall Asymmetry - p. 357 140. Chapter 105: Hernia - p. 361 141. MODALITY-SPECIFIC IMAGING FINDINGS: RADIOGRAPHY - p. 365 142. Chapter 106: Incomplete Border Sign - p. 365 143. MODALITY-SPECIFIC IMAGING FINDINGS: COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY - p. 369 144. Chapter 107: Chest Wall Mass (Soft Tissue) - p. 369 145. Chapter 108: Chest Wall Mass (Osseous) - p. 373 146. Chapter 109: Chest Wall Fluid Collection - p. 377 147. MODALITY-SPECIFIC IMAGING FINDINGS: MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING - p. 381 148. Chapter 110: Chest Wall Mass - p. 381 149. SECTION 10: HEART - p. 385 150. APPROACH TO HEART - p. 385 151. Chapter 111: Approach to Heart - p. 385 152. GENERAL IMAGING PATTERNS - p. 389 153. Chapter 112: Left Atrial Enlargement - p. 389 154. Chapter 113: Right Atrial Enlargement - p. 391 155. Chapter 114: Left Ventricular Enlargement - p. 393 156. Chapter 115: Right Ventricular Enlargement - p. 397 157. Chapter 116: Wall Motion Abnormality - p. 401 158. Chapter 117: Myocardial Thickening - p. 403 159. Chapter 118: Atrial Mass - p. 405 160. Chapter 119: Ventricular Mass - p. 409 161. Chapter 120: Valvular Mass - p. 413 162. MODALITY-SPECIFIC IMAGING FINDINGS: COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY - p. 415 163. Chapter 121: Atrial Calcification - p. 415 164. Chapter 122: Ventricular Calcification - p. 417 165. Chapter 123: Valve Calcification - p. 419 166. Chapter 124: Coronary Artery Anomaly - p. 421 167. MODALITY-SPECIFIC IMAGING FINDINGS: MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING - p. 423 168. Chapter 125: Late Gadolinium Enhancement - p. 423 169. SECTION 11: PERICARDIUM - p. 427 170. APPROACH TO PERICARDIUM - p. 427 171. Chapter 126: Approach to Pericardium - p. 427 172. GENERAL IMAGING PATTERNS - p. 431 173. Chapter 127: Pericardial Thickening - p. 431 174. Chapter 128: Pericardial Calcification - p. 433 175. Chapter 129: Pericardial Effusion - p. 435 176. MODALITY-SPECIFIC IMAGING FINDINGS: COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY - p. 437 177. Chapter 130: Pericardial Nodules/Masses - p. 437 178. INDEX - p. 441
Now fully revised and up-to-date, Expert DDx: Chest, second edition, quickly guides you to the most likely differential diagnoses based on key imaging findings and clinical information. Expert radiologists Melissa L. Rosado-de-Christenson, Brett W. Carter, and John P. Lichtenberger III present more than 120 cases across a broad cardiothoracic spectrum, classified by general imaging features, modality-specific findings, and clinically-based indications. Readers will find authoritative, superbly illustrated guidance for defining and reporting useful, actionable differential diagnoses that lead to definitive findings for the entire gamut of chest disorders.
1. SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION - p. xiii 2. APPROACH TO CLINICAL PRESENTATION - p. xiii 3. Chapter 1: Approach to Clinical Presentation - p. xiii 4. Chapter 2: Chest Pain - p. 5 5. Chapter 3: Chest Trauma - p. 11 6. Chapter 4: Cough - p. 17 7. Chapter 5: Acute Dyspnea - p. 23 8. Chapter 6: Chronic Dyspnea - p. 29 9. Chapter 7: Hemoptysis - p. 33 10. Chapter 8: Immunosuppression - p. 37 11. Chapter 9: Stridor - p. 41 12. Chapter 10: Wheezing - p. 45 13. SECTION 2: LUNGS AND AIRSPACES - p. 47 14. APPROACH TO LUNGS AND AIRSPACES - p. 47 15. Chapter 11: Approach to Lungs and Airspaces - p. 47 16. GENERAL IMAGING PATTERNS - p. 51 17. Chapter 12: Acinar Nodules - p. 51 18. Chapter 13: Air Bronchogram - p. 53 19. Chapter 14: Apical Opacity - p. 55 20. Chapter 15: Architectural Distortion - p. 57 21. Chapter 16: Atelectasis - p. 61 22. Chapter 17: Bullous Disease - p. 65 23. Chapter 18: Calcification/Ossification - p. 67 24. Chapter 19: Cavity - p. 71 25. Chapter 20: Consolidation - p. 75 26. Chapter 21: Cysts - p. 81 27. Chapter 22: Lucencies - p. 85 28. Chapter 23: Migratory Opacities - p. 87 29. Chapter 24: Micronodules - p. 89 30. Chapter 25: Peripheral (Subpleural) Consolidation - p. 91 31. Chapter 26: Pulmonary Mass - p. 95 32. Chapter 27: Solitary Pulmonary Nodule - p. 101 33. Chapter 28: Multiple Pulmonary Nodules - p. 107 34. Chapter 29: Pulmonary Nodules With Cavitation - p. 113 35. MODALITY-SPECIFIC IMAGING FINDINGS: RADIOGRAPHY - p. 117 36. Chapter 30: Low Lung Volume - p. 117 37. Chapter 31: Large Lung Volume - p. 119 38. Chapter 32: Lucent Hemithorax - p. 121 39. Chapter 33: Opaque Hemithorax - p. 123 40. Chapter 34: Luftsichel Sign - p. 125 41. Chapter 35: Silhouette Sign - p. 127 42. Chapter 36: S-Sign of Golden - p. 129 43. MODALITY-SPECIFIC IMAGING FINDINGS: COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY - p. 131 44. Chapter 37: Air Crescent Sign - p. 131 45. Chapter 38: CT Halo Sign - p. 133 46. Chapter 39: Ground-Glass Opacity - p. 135 47. Chapter 40: Reversed Halo Sign - p. 139 48. SECTION 3: INTERSTITIUM - p. 141 49. APPROACH TO INTERSTITIUM - p. 141 50. Chapter 41: Approach to Interstitium - p. 141 51. GENERAL IMAGING PATTERNS - p. 145 52. Chapter 42: Reticular Opacities - p. 145 53. Chapter 43: Honeycombing - p. 147 54. Chapter 44: Upper Lung Zone Predominant Lung Disease - p. 151 55. Chapter 45: Lower Lung Zone Predominant Lung Disease - p. 155 56. MODALITY-SPECIFIC IMAGING FINDINGS: COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY - p. 159 57. Chapter 46: Interlobular Septal Thickening and Crazy Paving - p. 159 58. Chapter 47: Mass-Like Fibrosis - p. 163 59. Chapter 48: Miliary Nodules - p. 165 60. Chapter 49: Perilymphatic Nodules - p. 167 61. SECTION 4: AIRWAYS - p. 169 62. APPROACH TO AIRWAYS - p. 169 63. Chapter 50: Approach to Airways - p. 169 64. GENERAL IMAGING PATTERNS - p. 173 65. Chapter 51: Tracheal Dilatation - p. 173 66. Chapter 52: Tracheal Narrowing - p. 175 67. Chapter 53: Finger-in-Glove Sign - p. 177 68. MODALITY-SPECIFIC IMAGING FINDINGS: COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY - p. 179 69. Chapter 54: Airway Wall Thickening (Focal) - p. 179 70. Chapter 55: Airway Wall Thickening (Diffuse) - p. 183 71. Chapter 56: Tracheal Lesion - p. 187 72. Chapter 57: Endobronchial Lesion - p. 191 73. Chapter 58: Mosaic Attenuation and Air-Trapping - p. 193 74. Chapter 59: Centrilobular Nodules - p. 197 75. Chapter 60: Tree-in-Bud Opacities - p. 201 76. Chapter 61: Bronchiectasis - p. 205 77. SECTION 5: MEDIASTINUM AND HILA - p. 211 78. APPROACH TO MEDIASTINUM AND HILA - p. 211 79. Chapter 62: Approach to Mediastinum and Hila - p. 211 80. GENERAL IMAGING PATTERNS - p. 217 81. Chapter 63: Focal Mediastinal Enlargement - p. 217 82. Chapter 64: Diffuse Mediastinal Enlargement - p. 221 83. Chapter 65: Anterior/Prevascular Compartment Lesion - p. 225 84. Chapter 66: Middle/Visceral Compartment Lesion - p. 229 85. Chapter 67: Posterior/Paravertebral Compartment Lesion - p. 233 86. Chapter 68: Cardiophrenic Angle Lesion - p. 237 87. Chapter 69: Azygoesophageal Recess Lesion - p. 239 88. Chapter 70: Lymphadenopathy - p. 241 89. Chapter 71: Pneumomediastinum - p. 245 90. MODALITY-SPECIFIC IMAGING FINDINGS: RADIOGRAPHY - p. 247 91. Chapter 72: Hilum Overlay Sign - p. 247 92. Chapter 73: Unilateral Hilar Enlargement - p. 251 93. Chapter 74: Bilateral Hilar Enlargement - p. 255 94. Chapter 75: Mediastinal Shift - p. 259 95. MODALITY-SPECIFIC IMAGING FINDINGS: COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY - p. 263 96. Chapter 76: Fat-Containing Mediastinal Lesion - p. 263 97. Chapter 77: Cystic Mediastinal Lesion - p. 265 98. Chapter 78: Soft Tissue Lesion - p. 269 99. Chapter 79: Enhancing Soft Tissue Lesion - p. 273 100. Chapter 80: Mediastinal Calcification - p. 277 101. MODALITY-SPECIFIC IMAGING FINDINGS: MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING - p. 281 102. Chapter 81: Mediastinal Mass - p. 281 103. SECTION 6: PULMONARY ARTERIES - p. 285 104. APPROACH TO PULMONARY ARTERIES - p. 285 105. Chapter 82: Approach to Pulmonary Arteries - p. 285 106. GENERAL IMAGING PATTERNS - p. 291 107. Chapter 83: Pulmonary Artery Enlargement - p. 291 108. MODALITY-SPECIFIC IMAGING FINDINGS: COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY - p. 293 109. Chapter 84: Pulmonary Artery Filling Defect - p. 293 110. Chapter 85: Pulmonary Artery Mass - p. 295 111. Chapter 86: Pulmonary Artery Invasion - p. 297 112. Chapter 87: Focal Pulmonary Artery Enlargement - p. 301 113. SECTION 7: THORACIC AORTA - p. 305 114. APPROACH TO THORACIC AORTA - p. 305 115. Chapter 88: Approach to Thoracic Aorta - p. 305 116. GENERAL IMAGING PATTERNS - p. 309 117. Chapter 89: Dilatation of Thoracic Aorta - p. 309 118. Chapter 90: Dilatation of Ascending Thoracic Aorta - p. 311 119. Chapter 91: Aortic Calcification - p. 313 120. MODALITY-SPECIFIC IMAGING FINDINGS: COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY - p. 315 121. Chapter 92: Aortic Wall Thickening - p. 315 122. Chapter 93: Acute Aortic Syndrome - p. 317 123. SECTION 8: PLEURA - p. 319 124. APPROACH TO PLEURA - p. 319 125. Chapter 94: Approach to Pleura - p. 319 126. GENERAL IMAGING PATTERNS - p. 325 127. Chapter 95: Free Pleural Effusion - p. 325 128. Chapter 96: Loculated Pleural Effusion - p. 329 129. Chapter 97: Pleural Thickening - p. 331 130. Chapter 98: Pleural Nodule/Mass - p. 335 131. Chapter 99: Pleural Calcification - p. 339 132. Chapter 100: Pneumothorax - p. 341 133. Chapter 101: Pleural Air-Fluid Level - p. 345 134. SECTION 9: CHEST WALL AND DIAPHRAGM - p. 347 135. APPROACH TO CHEST WALL AND DIAPHRAGM - p. 347 136. Chapter 102: Approach to Chest Wall and Diaphragm - p. 347 137. GENERAL IMAGING PATTERNS - p. 353 138. Chapter 103: Elevated Hemidiaphragm - p. 353 139. Chapter 104: Chest Wall Asymmetry - p. 357 140. Chapter 105: Hernia - p. 361 141. MODALITY-SPECIFIC IMAGING FINDINGS: RADIOGRAPHY - p. 365 142. Chapter 106: Incomplete Border Sign - p. 365 143. MODALITY-SPECIFIC IMAGING FINDINGS: COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY - p. 369 144. Chapter 107: Chest Wall Mass (Soft Tissue) - p. 369 145. Chapter 108: Chest Wall Mass (Osseous) - p. 373 146. Chapter 109: Chest Wall Fluid Collection - p. 377 147. MODALITY-SPECIFIC IMAGING FINDINGS: MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING - p. 381 148. Chapter 110: Chest Wall Mass - p. 381 149. SECTION 10: HEART - p. 385 150. APPROACH TO HEART - p. 385 151. Chapter 111: Approach to Heart - p. 385 152. GENERAL IMAGING PATTERNS - p. 389 153. Chapter 112: Left Atrial Enlargement - p. 389 154. Chapter 113: Right Atrial Enlargement - p. 391 155. Chapter 114: Left Ventricular Enlargement - p. 393 156. Chapter 115: Right Ventricular Enlargement - p. 397 157. Chapter 116: Wall Motion Abnormality - p. 401 158. Chapter 117: Myocardial Thickening - p. 403 159. Chapter 118: Atrial Mass - p. 405 160. Chapter 119: Ventricular Mass - p. 409 161. Chapter 120: Valvular Mass - p. 413 162. MODALITY-SPECIFIC IMAGING FINDINGS: COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY - p. 415 163. Chapter 121: Atrial Calcification - p. 415 164. Chapter 122: Ventricular Calcification - p. 417 165. Chapter 123: Valve Calcification - p. 419 166. Chapter 124: Coronary Artery Anomaly - p. 421 167. MODALITY-SPECIFIC IMAGING FINDINGS: MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING - p. 423 168. Chapter 125: Late Gadolinium Enhancement - p. 423 169. SECTION 11: PERICARDIUM - p. 427 170. APPROACH TO PERICARDIUM - p. 427 171. Chapter 126: Approach to Pericardium - p. 427 172. GENERAL IMAGING PATTERNS - p. 431 173. Chapter 127: Pericardial Thickening - p. 431 174. Chapter 128: Pericardial Calcification - p. 433 175. Chapter 129: Pericardial Effusion - p. 435 176. MODALITY-SPECIFIC IMAGING FINDINGS: COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY - p. 437 177. Chapter 130: Pericardial Nodules/Masses - p. 437 178. INDEX - p. 441