Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2026

1. Introduction - p. 1458 2. Clinical Algorithms - p. 1459 3. ABDOMINAL ABSCESS - p. 1459 4. ABDOMINAL PAIN, ACUTE - p. 1461 5. ABDOMINAL PAIN, RIGHT UPPER QUADRANT - p. 1470 6. ACID-BASE HOMEOSTASIS - p. 1471 7. ACIDOSIS, METABOLIC - p. 1474 8. ACIDOSIS, RESPIRATORY, ACUTE - p. 1477 9. ACIDOSIS, RESPIRATORY, CHRONIC - p. 1478 10. AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION, MALIGNANT - p. 1480 11. ALKALOSIS, METABOLIC - p. 1480.e1 12. ALKALOSIS, RESPIRATORY TREATMENT - p. 1482 13. ALLERGIC REACTION TO VACCINES - p. 1483 14. ALTERED MENTAL STATUS AND COMA - p. 1483.e1 15. ALVEOLAR FILLING DISORDERS - p. 1484 16. ALVEOLAR HEMORRHAGE - p. 1484.e1 17. AMBIGUOUS GENITALIA - p. 1484.e3 18. ANEMIA - p. 1484.e5 19. ANEMIA, MACROCYTIC - p. 1486 20. ANEMIA, MICROCYTIC - p. 1487 21. ANISOCORIA - p. 1489 22. ANORECTAL COMPLAINTS - p. 1490.e1 23. AZOOSPERMIA - p. 1492 24. BACK PAIN - p. 1492.e1 25. BLEEDING AND BRUISING PROBLEMS - p. 1498 26. BLEEDING DISORDERS - p. 1502 27. BLEEDING, PATIENT ON DABIGATRAN - p. 1503 28. BLEEDING, PATIENT ON ORAL FACTOR XA INHIBITORS - p. 1503.e2 29. BRADYCARDIA - p. 1503.e4 30. BREAST LUMP - p. 1504 31. BULLAE ON LOWER EXTREMITIES - p. 1505 32. CAFÉ-AU-LAIT MACULES - p. 1505.e1 33. CARDIAC ARREST - p. 1505.e3 34. CARDIOGENIC SHOCK - p. 1509 35. CARDIOMEGALY ON CHEST X-RAY EXAMINATION - p. 1509.e1 36. CARDIOMYOPATHY - p. 1512 37. CAUSTIC INGESTION - p. 1514 38. CHEST PAIN - p. 1514.e1 39. CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM INFECTION, PRESUMED - p. 1517 40. CONFUSION - p. 1518 41. CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISORDER, SUSPECTED - p. 1521 42. CONNECTIVE TISSUE LABORATORY TESTS - p. 1522 43. CONVULSIVE DISORDER, SUSPECTED, PEDIATRIC PATIENT - p. 1524 44. COUGH, CHRONIC - p. 1524.e1 45. CYSTITIS, ACUTE - p. 1528 46. DAYTIME SLEEPINESS, PEDIATRIC PATIENT - p. 1528.e1 47. DEFECATION DISORDER, PEDIATRIC AGE - p. 1528.e2 48. DIARRHEA, ACUTE - p. 1528.e3 49. DIARRHEA, WATERY - p. 1531 50. DILATED PUPIL - p. 1531.e1 51. DYSPNEA - p. 1531.e2 52. EDEMA - p. 1535 53. EPILEPSY - p. 1536 54. ERYTHROCYTOSIS, ACQUIRED - p. 1536.e2 55. ESOPHAGEAL FOREIGN BODY - p. 1537 56. ESOPHAGEAL PERFORATION - p. 1537.e2 57. EXANTHEMATOUS DRUG REACTION - p. 1537.e4 58. FEVER AND INFECTION IN HIGH-RISK HEMATOLOGY PATIENT WITHOUT OBVIOUS SOURCE - p. 1539 59. FEVER AND NEUTROPENIA - p. 1539.e1 60. FEVER AND NEUTROPENIA, PEDIATRIC PATIENT - p. 1543 61. FEVER AND RASH - p. 1543.e1 62. GASTROINTESTINAL BLEEDING - p. 1544 63. GASTROINTESTINAL FISTULA - p. 1549 64. GOITER EVALUATION AND MANAGEMENT - p. 1549.e1 65. GRANULOMA, NONINFECTIOUS - p. 1549.e2 66. HEADACHE - p. 1549.e4 67. HEARING LOSS - p. 1554 68. HEMATOCHEZIA, MANAGEMENT - p. 1561 69. HEMATURIA, PEDIATRIC PATIENT - p. 1561.e1 70. HEPATIC MASS - p. 1563 71. HEPATOMEGALY - p. 1564 72. HYPERCALCEMIA - p. 1566 73. HYPERCAPNIA - p. 1569 74. HYPERPIGMENTATION - p. 1570 75. HYPOTENSION - p. 1570.e3 76. HYPOTENSION, POSTOPERATIVE - p. 1571 77. HYPOVOLEMIC SHOCK - p. 1571.e1 78. HYPOXEMIA - p. 1571.e2 79. HYPOXEMIA, POSTOPERATIVE - p. 1572 80. INFECTIONS OF SOFT TISSUE, JOINTS, AND BONE - p. 1572.e1 81. INTRAABDOMINAL INFECTION, SUSPECTED - p. 1573 82. JOINT EFFUSION - p. 1574 83. JOINT PAIN AND SWELLING - p. 1575 84. LEG ULCERS - p. 1579 85. LIMB ISCHEMIA, ACUTE - p. 1580 86. LIVER FUNCTION TEST ELEVATIONS - p. 1581 87. LIVER MASS - p. 1582.e1 88. MEDIASTINAL MASS - p. 1583 89. MENTAL STATUS CHANGE, ELDERLY PATIENT - p. 1585 90. MUSCULOSKELETAL COMPLAINTS - p. 1586 91. MUSCULOSKELETAL PAIN, CHRONIC - p. 1587 92. NAUSEA AND VOMITING - p. 1589 93. NECK MASS - p. 1595 94. NECK PAIN - p. 1596 95. OLIGURIA - p. 1600 96. OTALGIA AND OTORRHEA - p. 1602 97. PALPITATIONS, DIZZINESS, AND/OR SYNCOPE - p. 1603 98. PANCREATIC ISLET CELL TUMORS - p. 1604 99. PANCREATIC MASS - p. 1604.e2 100. PELVIC PAIN, WOMEN, DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION - p. 1605 101. PELVIC PAIN, WOMEN, MANAGEMENT - p. 1607 102. PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY - p. 1608 103. PHOTOSENSITIVITY - p. 1612 104. PLEURAL INFECTION - p. 1612.e1 105. PNEUMOTHORAX, TRAUMATIC - p. 1614 106. POLYURIA - p. 1615 107. PREMATURE VENTRICULAR COMPLEXES - p. 1616 108. PROTEINURIA IN CHILDREN - p. 1616.e1 109. PRURITUS IN PREGNANT WOMAN - p. 1616.e2 110. PULMONARY NODULE - p. 1616.e3 111. PURPURA - p. 1620 112. RASH, ACUTE GENERALIZED SKIN ERUPTION - p. 1620.e1 113. RECTAL ULCER - p. 1620.e2 114. RED AND PAINFUL EYE - p. 1620.e3 115. RED EYE - p. 1621 116. RENAL MASS - p. 1621.e3 117. RENAL TRAUMA - p. 1622.e1 118. RHINITIS - p. 1622.e2 119. SCROTAL MASS - p. 1622.e3 120. SEIZURES, NEWBORN - p. 1623 121. SHOCK - p. 1623.e2 122. SHORT STATURE - p. 1623.e7 123. SHOULDER PAIN - p. 1623.e8 124. SKIN AND SOFT TISSUE INFECTIONS - p. 1623.e12 125. SLEEP DISORDERS ASSOCIATED WITH PREGNANCY - p. 1623.e15 126. SLEEP DISORDERS NOT CHARACTERIZED BY HYPERSOMNIA - p. 1623.e16 127. SLEEP-RELATED MOVEMENT DISORDERS - p. 1623.e17 128. SORE THROAT - p. 1624 129. SPINAL METASTATIC DISEASE - p. 1626 130. SPLENIC INJURY - p. 1626.e2 131. TACHYCARDIA, DIAGNOSTIC APPROACH - p. 1626.e4 132. TACHYCARDIA, NARROW COMPLEX - p. 1628 133. TACHYCARDIA, PEDIATRIC PATIENT - p. 1629 134. TACHYCARDIA, WIDE QRS - p. 1629.e1 135. TESTICULAR MASS - p. 1630 136. THROMBOTIC MICROANGIOPATHIES, DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS - p. 1631 137. TRAUMA IN PREGNANCY - p. 1631.e1 138. TRAUMATIC AORTIC INJURY - p. 1631.e2 139. URETHRAL DISCHARGE OR DYSURIA - p. 1631.e3 140. URINARY SYMPTOMS, LOWER URINARY TRACT - p. 1632 141. URINARY TRACT OBSTRUCTION - p. 1634 142. VAGINAL DISCHARGE, EVALUATION - p. 1635 143. VAGINITIS, PEDIATRIC - p. 1636 144. VENTILATOR-ASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA - p. 1637 145. VENTRICULAR FIBRILLATION OR PULSELESS VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA - p. 1637.e1 146. VERTIGO - p. 1637.e2 147. VIRAL EXANTHEM - p. 1640 148. VOMITING, ACUTE, MANAGEMENT - p. 1640.e1 149. WEAKNESS - p. 1640.e3 150. WEIGHT LOSS, UNINTENTIONAL - p. 1645 151. SECTION IV.  Laboratory Tests and Interpretation of Results - p. 1649 152. Introduction - p. 1650 153. Laboratory Tests and Interpretation of Results - p. 1650 154. ACE LEVEL - p. 1650 155. ACETONE (SERUM OR PLASMA) - p. 1651 156. ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR (AChR) ANTIBODY - p. 1651 157. ACID-BASE REFERENCE VALUES - p. 1651 158. ACID PHOSPHATASE (SERUM) - p. 1651 159. ACID SERUM TEST - p. 1651 160. ACTIVATED CLOTTING TIME (ACT) - p. 1651 161. ACTIVATED PARTIAL THROMBOPLASTIN TIME (APTT, aPTT) - p. 1651 162. ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE (ACTH) - p. 1651 163. ALANINE AMINOPEPTIDASE - p. 1651.e1 164. ALANINE AMINOTRANSFERASE (ALT, SGPT) - p. 1651.e1 165. ALBUMIN (SERUM) - p. 1651.e3 166. ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE - p. 1652 167. ALDOLASE (SERUM) - p. 1652 168. ALDOSTERONE - p. 1653 169. ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE (ALP) (SERUM) - p. 1653.e1 170. ALPHA-1-ANTITRYPSIN (SERUM) - p. 1653.e3 171. ALPHA-1-FETOPROTEIN (SERUM) - p. 1653.e3 172. ALT - p. 1653.e3 173. ALUMINUM (SERUM) - p. 1653.e3 174. AMA - p. 1653.e3 175. AMEBIASIS SEROLOGIC TEST - p. 1653.e3 176. AMINOLEVULINIC ACID (δ-ALA) (24-H URINE COLLECTION) - p. 1653.e3 177. AMMONIA (SERUM) - p. 1653.e3 178. AMYLASE (SERUM) - p. 1653.e4 179. AMYLASE, URINE - p. 1653.e5 180. AMYLOID A PROTEIN (SERUM) - p. 1653.e5 181. ANA - p. 1653.e5 182. ANCA - p. 1653.e5 183. ANDROSTENEDIONE (SERUM) - p. 1653.e5 184. ANGIOTENSIN II - p. 1653.e5 185. ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME (ACE LEVEL) - p. 1653.e5 186. ANH - p. 1654 187. ANION GAP (AG) - p. 1654 188. ANTICARDIOLIPIN ANTIBODY (ACA) - p. 1654.e1 189. ANTICOAGULANT - p. 1654.e1 190. ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE - p. 1654.e1 191. ANTI-DNA - p. 1654.e3 192. ANTI-DS DNA - p. 1654.e3 193. ANTIGLOBULIN TEST - p. 1654.e3 194. ANTIGLOMERULAR BASEMENT ANTIBODY - p. 1654.e3 195. ANTIHISTONE - p. 1654.e3 196. ANTIMITOCHONDRIAL ANTIBODY (AMA, MITOCHONDRIAL ANTIBODY) - p. 1654.e3 197. ANTINEUTROPHIL CYTOPLASMIC ANTIBODY (ANCA) - p. 1654.e3 198. ANTINUCLEAR ANTIBODY (ANA) - p. 1654.e4 199. ANTI-RNP ANTIBODY - p. 1654.e7 200. ANTI-SCL-70 - p. 1654.e7 201. ANTI-SM (ANTI-SMITH) ANTIBODY - p. 1654.e7 202. ANTI-SMOOTH MUSCLE ANTIBODY - p. 1654.e7 203. ANTISTREPTOLYSIN O TITER (STREPTOZYME, ASLO TITER) - p. 1654.e7 204. ANTITHROMBIN III - p. 1655 205. APOLIPOPROTEIN A-1 (APO A-1) - p. 1655.e1 206. APOLIPOPROTEIN B (APO B) - p. 1655.e1 207. ARTERIAL BLOOD GASES - p. 1655.e1 208. ARTHROCENTESIS FLUID - p. 1655.e1 209. ASO TITER - p. 1655.e2 210. ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE (AST, SGOT) - p. 1655.e2 211. ATRIAL NATRIURETIC HORMONE (ANH) - p. 1656.e1 212. B-TYPE NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE (BNP) - p. 1656.e1 213. BASOPHIL COUNT - p. 1657 214. BICARBONATE - p. 1657 215. BILE, URINE - p. 1657 216. BILIRUBIN, DIRECT (CONJUGATED BILIRUBIN) - p. 1657 217. BILIRUBIN, INDIRECT (UNCONJUGATED BILIRUBIN) - p. 1657 218. BILIRUBIN, TOTAL - p. 1657 219. BILIRUBIN, URINE - p. 1657.e2 220. BLADDER TUMOR ASSOCIATED ANTIGEN - p. 1657.e2 221. BLEEDING TIME (MODIFIED IVY METHOD) - p. 1657.e2 222. BLOOD TYPE - p. 1657.e3 223. BLOOD VOLUME, TOTAL - p. 1657.e3 224. BNP - p. 1657.e3 225. BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS SEROLOGY - p. 1657.e3 226. BRCA ANALYSIS - p. 1657.e3 227. BREATH HYDROGEN TEST (HYDROGEN BREATH TEST) - p. 1658 228. BUN - p. 1658 229. C282Y AND H63D MUTATION ANALYSIS - p. 1658 230. C3 - p. 1658 231. C4 - p. 1658 232. CALCITONIN (SERUM) - p. 1658 233. CALCIUM (SERUM) - p. 1658 234. CALCIUM, URINE - p. 1658.e4 235. CANCER ANTIGEN 15-3 (CA 15-3) - p. 1659 236. CANCER ANTIGEN 27-29 (CA 27-29) - p. 1659 237. CANCER ANTIGEN 72-4 (CA 72-4) - p. 1659 238. CANCER ANTIGEN 125 (CA 125) - p. 1659 239. CAPTOPRIL STIMULATION TEST - p. 1659 240. CARBAMAZEPINE (TEGRETOL) - p. 1659 241. CARBAMAZEPINE LEVEL - p. 1659 242. CARBOHYDRATE ANTIGEN 19-9 - p. 1659 243. CARBON DIOXIDE, PARTIAL PRESSURE - p. 1659 244. CARBON MONOXIDE - p. 1659 245. CARBOXYHEMOGLOBIN - p. 1659 246. CARCINOEMBRYONIC ANTIGEN (CEA) - p. 1659 247. CAROTENE (SERUM) - p. 1660 248. CATECHOLAMINES, URINE - p. 1660 249. CBC - p. 1660 250. CD40 LIGAND - p. 1660 251. CEA - p. 1660.e1 252. CEREBROSPINAL FLUID (CSF) - p. 1660.e1 253. CERULOPLASMIN (SERUM) - p. 1661.e3 254. CHLAMYDIA GROUP ANTIBODY SEROLOGIC TEST - p. 1661.e3 255. CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS PCR - p. 1661.e3 256. CHLORIDE (SERUM) - p. 1661.e3 257. CHLORIDE (SWEAT) - p. 1662 258. CHLORIDE, URINE - p. 1662 259. CHOLECYSTOKININ-PANCREOZYMIN (CCK, CCK-PZ) - p. 1662 260. CHOLESTEROL, HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN - p. 1662 261. CHOLESTEROL, LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN - p. 1662 262. CHOLESTEROL, TOTAL - p. 1662 263. CHORIONIC GONADOTROPINS, HUMAN (SERUM) (hCG) - p. 1662.e1 264. CHYMOTRYPSIN - p. 1662.e1 265. CIRCULATING ANTICOAGULANT (LUPUS ANTICOAGULANT) - p. 1662.e1 266. CK - p. 1662.e1 267. CLONIDINE SUPPRESSION TEST - p. 1662.e1 268. CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE TOXIN ASSAY (STOOL) - p. 1662.e1 269. Co - p. 1662.e1 270. COAGULATION FACTORS - p. 1662.e1 271. COBALAMIN, SERUM - p. 1663.e1 272. COLD AGGLUTININS TITER - p. 1663.e1 273. COMPLEMENT - p. 1663.e1 274. COMPLETE BLOOD COUNT (CBC) - p. 1663.e2 275. CONJUGATED BILIRUBIN - p. 1663.e3 276. COPPER (SERUM) - p. 1663.e3 277. COPPER, URINE - p. 1663.e3 278. CORTICOTROPIN RELEASING HORMONE (CRH) STIMULATION TEST - p. 1663.e3 279. CORTISOL, PLASMA - p. 1663.e3 280. COOMBS DIRECT - p. 1663.e3 281. COOMBS INDIRECT - p. 1663.e3 282. COVID-19 - p. 1663.e3 283. C-PEPTIDE - p. 1663.e3 284. CPK - p. 1663.e3 285. C-REACTIVE PROTEIN - p. 1663.e3 286. C-REACTIVE PROTEIN, HIGH SENSITIVITY (hs-CRP, CARDIO-CRP) - p. 1665 287. CREATINE KINASE (CK, CPK) - p. 1665 288. CREATINE KINASE ISOENZYMES - p. 1665.e2 289. CREATININE (SERUM) - p. 1665.e2 290. CREATININE CLEARANCE - p. 1665.e3 291. CREATININE, URINE - p. 1665.e3 292. CRYOGLOBULINS (SERUM) - p. 1665.e3 293. CRYPTOSPORIDIUM ANTIGEN BY EIA (STOOL) - p. 1665.e3 294. CSF - p. 1665.e3 295. CYSTATIN C - p. 1665.e3 296. CYSTIC FIBROSIS PCR - p. 1665.e3 297. CYTOMEGALOVIRUS BY PCR - p. 1665.e3 298. d-DIMER - p. 1665.e3 299. DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULFATE - p. 1666 300. DEOXYCORTICOSTERONE (11-DEOXYCORTICOSTERONE, DOC) (SERUM) - p. 1666 301. DEXAMETHASONE SUPPRESSION TEST, OVERNIGHT - p. 1666 302. DIGOXIN - p. 1666 303. DIGOXIN LEVEL - p. 1666.e1 304. DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE (SERUM, URINE) - p. 1666.e1 305. DILANTIN - p. 1666.e1 306. DIRECT ANTIGLOBULIN (COOMBS DIRECT) - p. 1666.e1 307. DISACCHARIDE ABSORPTION TESTS - p. 1666.e1 308. DOC - p. 1666.e1 309. DONATH-LANDSTEINER (D-L) TEST FOR PAROXYSMAL COLD HEMOGLOBINURIA - p. 1666.e1 310. DOPAMINE - p. 1666.e1 311. D-XYLOSE ABSORPTION - p. 1666.e1 312. D-XYLOSE ABSORPTION TEST - p. 1667 313. ELECTROPHORESIS, HEMOGLOBIN - p. 1667 314. ELECTROPHORESIS, PROTEIN - p. 1667 315. ENA COMPLEX - p. 1667 316. ENDOMYSIAL ANTIBODIES - p. 1667 317. EOSINOPHIL COUNT - p. 1667 318. EPINEPHRINE, PLASMA - p. 1667.e2 319. EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS SEROLOGY - p. 1667.e2 320. ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMENTATION RATE (ESR, SED RATE, SEDIMENTATION RATE) - p. 1667.e3 321. ERYTHROPOIETIN (EP) - p. 1667.e3 322. ESTRADIOL (SERUM) - p. 1667.e3 323. ESTROGEN - p. 1668 324. ETHANOL (BLOOD) - p. 1668 325. EXTRACTABLE NUCLEAR ANTIGEN (ENA COMPLEX, ANTI-RNP ANTIBODY, ANTI-SM, ANTI-SMITH) - p. 1668.e1 326. FACTOR V LEIDEN - p. 1668.e1 327. FASTING BLOOD SUGAR - p. 1668.e1 328. FBS - p. 1668.e1 329. FDP - p. 1668.e1 330. FECAL FAT, QUANTITATIVE (72-H COLLECTION) - p. 1668.e1 331. FECAL GLOBIN IMMUNOCHEMICAL TEST - p. 1668.e1 332. FERRITIN (SERUM) - p. 1668.e1 333. α-1 FETOPROTEIN - p. 1668.e1 334. FIBRIN DEGRADATION PRODUCT (FDP) - p. 1668.e1 335. FIBRINOGEN - p. 1668.e1 336. FOLATE (FOLIC ACID) - p. 1668.e1 337. FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE (FSH) - p. 1668.e2 338. FREE T4 - p. 1668.e2 339. FREE THYROXINE INDEX - p. 1668.e2 340. FTA-ABS (SERUM) - p. 1669 341. FUROSEMIDE STIMULATION TEST - p. 1669 342. GAMMA-GLUTAMYL TRANSFERASE (GGT) - p. 1669 343. GASTRIN (SERUM) - p. 1669 344. GASTRIN STIMULATION TEST - p. 1669 345. GLIADIN ANTIBODIES, IGA AND IGG - p. 1669 346. GLOMERULAR BASEMENT MEMBRANE (GBM) ANTIBODY - p. 1669 347. GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE - p. 1669 348. GLUCAGON - p. 1669.e1 349. GLUCOSE, FASTING (FBS, FASTING BLOOD SUGAR) - p. 1669.e1 350. GLUCOSE, POSTPRANDIAL - p. 1670 351. GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST - p. 1670 352. GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE (G6PD) SCREEN (BLOOD) - p. 1670 353. γ-GLUTAMYL TRANSFERASE (GGT) - p. 1670 354. GLYCOHEMOGLOBIN (GLYCATED GLYCOSYLATED HEMOGLOBIN), (HBA1C) - p. 1670 355. GROWTH HORMONE - p. 1670.e1 356. GROWTH HORMONE–RELEASING HORMONE (GHRH) - p. 1670.e1 357. GROWTH HORMONE SUPPRESSION TEST (AFTER GLUCOSE) - p. 1670.e1 358. HAM TEST (ACID SERUM TEST) - p. 1670.e1 359. HAPTOGLOBIN (SERUM) - p. 1670.e1 360. HBA1c - p. 1670.e1 361. HDL - p. 1670.e1 362. HELICOBACTER PYLORI (SEROLOGY, STOOL ANTIGEN) - p. 1670.e1 363. HEMATOCRIT - p. 1670.e1 364. HEMOGLOBIN - p. 1670.e1 365. HEMOGLOBIN A1C - p. 1670.e1 366. HEMOGLOBIN ELECTROPHORESIS - p. 1670.e1 367. HEMOGLOBIN, GLYCATED - p. 1671 368. HEMOGLOBIN, GLYCOSYLATED - p. 1671 369. HEMOGLOBIN H - p. 1671 370. HEMOGLOBIN, URINE - p. 1671 371. HEMOSIDERIN, URINE - p. 1671 372. HEPARIN-INDUCED THROMBOCYTOPENIA ANTIBODIES - p. 1671 373. HEPATITIS A ANTIBODY - p. 1671 374. HEPATITIS A VIRUS-IGM ANTIBODY - p. 1671.e1 375. HEPATITIS A VIRUS TOTAL ANTIBODY - p. 1671.e1 376. HEPATITIS B SURFACE ANTIGEN (HBSAG) - p. 1671.e1 377. HEPATITIS B VIRAL INFECTION - p. 1671.e1 378. HEPATITIS C RNA - p. 1672 379. HEPATITIS C VIRAL INFECTION - p. 1672 380. HEPATITIS D VIRAL INFECTION - p. 1673 381. HEPATITIS DELTA COINFECTION (ACUTE HDV1 ACUTE HBV) OR SUPERINFECTION (ACUTE HDV1 CHRONIC HBV) - p. 1673 382. HEPATITIS D VIRUS-AB (IGM) - p. 1673 383. HEPATITIS D VIRUS-AG - p. 1673 384. HEPATITIS D VIRUS-AB (TOTAL) - p. 1673 385. HER-2/NEU - p. 1673 386. HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS (HSV) - p. 1673 387. HETEROPHIL ANTIBODY - p. 1673 388. HFE SCREEN FOR HEREDITARY HEMOCHROMATOSIS - p. 1673 389. HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN (HDL) CHOLESTEROL - p. 1673 390. HLA ANTIGENS - p. 1674.e1 391. HOMOCYSTEINE (PLASMA) - p. 1674.e1 392. HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN (HCG) - p. 1674.e1 393. HUMAN HERPES VIRUS 8 (HHV8) - p. 1674.e1 394. HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS ANTIBODY, TYPE 1 (HIV-1) - p. 1674.e1 395. HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS TYPE 1 (HIV-1) ANTIGEN (P24), QUALITATIVE (P24 ANTIGEN) - p. 1675 396. HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS TYPE 1 (HIV-1) VIRAL LOAD - p. 1675 397. HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS (HPV) - p. 1675 398. HUNTINGTON DISEASE PCR - p. 1675 399. HYDROGEN BREATH TEST - p. 1675 400. 5-HYDROXYINDOLE-ACETIC ACID, URINE - p. 1675 401. IMMUNE COMPLEX ASSAY - p. 1675 402. IMMUNOGLOBULINS - p. 1675 403. INDIRECT ANTIGLOBULIN (COOMBS INDIRECT) - p. 1675.e2 404. INFLUENZA A AND B TESTS - p. 1675.e2 405. INSULIN AUTOANTIBODIES - p. 1675.e2 406. INSULIN, FREE - p. 1676 407. INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR-1 (IGF-1) (SERUM) - p. 1676 408. INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR-II - p. 1676 409. INTERNATIONAL NORMALIZED RATIO (INR) - p. 1676 410. INTRINSIC FACTOR ANTIBODIES - p. 1676 411. IRON (SERUM) - p. 1676 412. IRON-BINDING CAPACITY, TOTAL (TIBC) - p. 1676 413. IRON SATURATION (% TRANSFERRIN SATURATION) - p. 1676.e1 414. LACTATE (BLOOD) - p. 1676.e1 415. LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE (LDH) - p. 1676.e1 416. LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE ISOENZYMES - p. 1676.e1 417. LACTOSE TOLERANCE TEST (SERUM) - p. 1676.e1 418. LAP SCORE - p. 1676.e1 419. LEAD - p. 1677 420. LDH - p. 1677 421. LDL - p. 1677 422. LEGIONELLA PNEUMOPHILA PCR - p. 1677 423. LEGIONELLA TITER - p. 1677 424. LEUKOCYTE ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE (LAP) - p. 1677 425. LEUKOCYTE COUNT - p. 1677 426. LIPASE - p. 1677 427. LIPOPROTEIN(A) - p. 1677 428. LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL, HIGH-DENSITY - p. 1677.e1 429. LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL, LOW-DENSITY - p. 1677.e1 430. LIVER KIDNEY MICROSOME TYPE 1 ANTIBODIES (LKM1) - p. 1677.e1 431. LKM1 - p. 1677.e1 432. LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN (LDL) CHOLESTEROL - p. 1677.e1 433. LUPUS ANTICOAGULANT - p. 1677.e2 434. LUTEINIZING HORMONE - p. 1677.e2 435. LYME DISEASE ANTIBODY TITER - p. 1677.e4 436. LYMPHOCYTES - p. 1677.e4 437. MAGNESIUM (SERUM) - p. 1677.e5 438. MEAN CORPUSCULAR VOLUME (MCV) - p. 1678 439. METANEPHRINES, URINE - p. 1678.e2 440. METHYLMALONIC ACID (SERUM) - p. 1678.e2 441. MITOCHONDRIAL ANTIBODY (AMA) - p. 1678.e2 442. MONOCYTE COUNT - p. 1678.e2 443. MYCOPLASMA PNEUMONIAE PCR - p. 1678.e3 444. MYELIN BASIC PROTEIN, CEREBROSPINAL FLUID - p. 1678.e3 445. MYOGLOBIN, URINE - p. 1678.e3 446. NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE PCR - p. 1678.e3 447. NEUTROPHIL COUNT - p. 1678.e3 448. NOREPINEPHRINE - p. 1678.e4 449. 5′-NUCLEOTIDASE - p. 1678.e4 450. OSMOLALITY (SERUM) - p. 1679 451. OSMOLALITY, URINE - p. 1679.e1 452. OSMOTIC FRAGILITY TEST - p. 1679.e2 453. PARACENTESIS FLUID - p. 1679.e2 454. PARATHYROID HORMONE (PTH) - p. 1679.e2 455. PARIETAL CELL ANTIBODIES - p. 1679.e3 456. PARTIAL THROMBOPLASTIN TIME (PTT), ACTIVATED PARTIAL THROMBOPLASTIN TIME (APTT) - p. 1679.e3 457. PEPSINOGEN I - p. 1679.e3 458. PH, BLOOD - p. 1679.e3 459. Ph, Urine - p. 1679.e3 460. PHENOBARBITAL - p. 1679.e3 461. PHENYTOIN (DILANTIN) - p. 1679.e3 462. PHOSPHATASE, ACID - p. 1680 463. PHOSPHATASE, ALKALINE - p. 1680 464. PHOSPHATE (SERUM) - p. 1680 465. PLASMA CELLS - p. 1680.e1 466. PLASMINOGEN - p. 1680.e1 467. PLATELET AGGREGATION - p. 1680.e1 468. PLATELET ANTIBODIES - p. 1680.e1 469. PLATELET COUNT - p. 1680.e1 470. PLATELET FUNCTION ANALYSIS 100 ASSAY (PFA) - p. 1681.e1 471. PLEURAL FLUID - p. 1681.e1 472. POTASSIUM (SERUM) - p. 1681.e1 473. POTASSIUM, URINE - p. 1682 474. PROCAINAMIDE - p. 1683 475. PROGESTERONE (SERUM) - p. 1683 476. PROLACTIN - p. 1683 477. PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN (PSA) - p. 1683.e1 478. PROSTATIC ACID PHOSPHATASE - p. 1683.e1 479. PROTEIN (SERUM) - p. 1683.e1 480. PROTEIN C ASSAY - p. 1683.e1 481. PROTEIN ELECTROPHORESIS (SERUM) - p. 1683.e1 482. PROTEIN S ASSAY - p. 1683.e2 483. PROTHROMBIN TIME (PT) - p. 1683.e3 484. PROTOPORPHYRIN (FREE ERYTHROCYTE) - p. 1684.e1 485. PSA - p. 1684.e1 486. PT - p. 1684.e1 487. PTH - p. 1684.e1 488. PTT - p. 1684.e1 489. RAPID PLASMA REAGIN (RPR) - p. 1684.e1 490. RDW - p. 1684.e1 491. RED BLOOD CELL (RBC) COUNT - p. 1684.e1 492. RED BLOOD CELL DISTRIBUTION WIDTH (RDW) - p. 1684.e1 493. RED BLOOD CELL FOLATE - p. 1684.e1 494. RED BLOOD CELL MASS (VOLUME) - p. 1684.e1 495. RED BLOOD CELL MORPHOLOGY - p. 1684.e1 496. RENIN (SERUM) - p. 1684.e3 497. RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS (RSV) SCREEN - p. 1684.e4 498. RETICULOCYTE COUNT - p. 1684.e4 499. RHEUMATOID FACTOR - p. 1685 500. RPR - p. 1685 501. ROTAVIRUS SEROLOGY - p. 1685 502. SARS-COV-2 ANTIBODIES - p. 1685 503. SED RATE - p. 1685 504. SEDIMENTATION RATE - p. 1685 505. SEMEN ANALYSIS - p. 1685 506. SGOT - p. 1685 507. SGPT - p. 1685 508. SICKLE CELL TEST - p. 1685 509. SMOOTH MUSCLE ANTIBODY - p. 1685 510. SODIUM (SERUM) - p. 1685 511. STREPTOZYME - p. 1686.e1 512. SUCROSE HEMOLYSIS TEST (SUGAR WATER TEST) - p. 1686.e1 513. SUDAN III STAIN (QUALITATIVE SCREENING FOR FECAL FAT) - p. 1686.e1 514. SYNOVIAL FLUID ANALYSIS - p. 1686.e1 515. T3 (TRIIODOTHYRONINE) - p. 1686.e2 516. T3 RESIN UPTAKE (T3RU) - p. 1686.e2 517. T4, FREE (FREE THYROXINE) - p. 1686.e2 518. T4, SERUM T4 - p. 1686.e2 519. TEGRETOL - p. 1687.e1 520. TESTOSTERONE (TOTAL TESTOSTERONE) - p. 1687.e1 521. THEOPHYLLINE - p. 1687.e1 522. THORACENTESIS FLUID - p. 1687.e1 523. THROMBIN TIME (TT), THROMBIN CLOTTING TIME (TCT) - p. 1687.e1 524. THYROGLOBULIN - p. 1687.e1 525. THYROID MICROSOMAL ANTIBODIES - p. 1687.e1 526. THYROID-STIMULATING HORMONE (TSH) - p. 1687.e1 527. THYROTROPIN (TSH) RECEPTOR ANTIBODIES - p. 1688 528. THYROTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE (TRH) STIMULATION TEST - p. 1688 529. THYROXINE (T4) - p. 1688 530. TIBC - p. 1688 531. TISSUE TRANSGLUTAMINASE ANTIBODY - p. 1688 532. TRANSFERRIN - p. 1688 533. TRIGLYCERIDES - p. 1688 534. TRIIODOTHYRONINE - p. 1688 535. TROPONINS (SERUM) - p. 1688 536. TSH - p. 1688.e1 537. TT - p. 1688.e1 538. TUBERCULIN TEST (PPD) - p. 1688.e1 539. UNCONJUGATED BILIRUBIN - p. 1688.e1 540. UREA NITROGEN, BLOOD (BUN) - p. 1689 541. URIC ACID (SERUM) - p. 1689.e1 542. URINALYSIS - p. 1689.e1 543. URINE AMYLASE - p. 1689.e2 544. URINE BILE - p. 1689.e2 545. URINE CALCIUM - p. 1689.e2 546. URINE CAMP - p. 1689.e2 547. URINE CATECHOLAMINES - p. 1689.e2 548. URINE CHLORIDE - p. 1689.e2 549. URINE COPPER - p. 1689.e2 550. URINE CORTISOL, FREE - p. 1689.e2 551. URINE CREATININE (24 H) - p. 1689.e2 552. URINE CRYSTALS - p. 1689.e2 553. URINE EOSINOPHILS - p. 1689.e2 554. URINE GLUCOSE (QUALITATIVE) - p. 1689.e2 555. URINE HEMOGLOBIN, FREE - p. 1689.e2 556. URINE HEMOSIDERIN - p. 1689.e2 557. URINE 5-HYDROXYINDOLE-ACETIC ACID (URINE 5-HIAA) - p. 1689.e2 558. URINE INDICAN - p. 1690.e1 559. URINE KETONES (SEMIQUANTITATIVE) - p. 1690.e1 560. URINE METANEPHRINES - p. 1690.e1 561. URINE MYOGLOBIN - p. 1690.e1 562. URINE NITRITE - p. 1690.e1 563. URINE OCCULT BLOOD - p. 1690.e1 564. URINE OSMOLALITY - p. 1690.e1 565. URINE PH - p. 1690.e1 566. URINE PHOSPHATE - p. 1690.e1 567. URINE POTASSIUM - p. 1690.e1 568. URINE PROTEIN (QUANTITATIVE) - p. 1690.e1 569. URINE SEDIMENT - p. 1690.e1 570. URINE SODIUM (QUANTITATIVE) - p. 1690.e2 571. URINE SPECIFIC GRAVITY - p. 1691 572. URINE VANILLYLMANDELIC ACID (VMA) - p. 1691 573. VARICELLA-ZOSTER VIRUS (VZV) SEROLOGY - p. 1691 574. VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE (VIP) - p. 1691 575. VDRL - p. 1691 576. VISCOSITY (SERUM) - p. 1691.e1 577. VITAMIN B12 (COBALAMIN) - p. 1691.e1 578. VITAMIN D, 1,25 DIHYDROXY CALCIFEROL - p. 1691.e2 579. VITAMIN K - p. 1691.e2 580. VON WILLEBRAND FACTOR - p. 1691.e2 581. SECTION V.  Clinical Practice Guidelines - p. 1693 582. Introduction - p. 1694 583. CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES—IMMUNIZATIONS AND CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS - p. 1695 584. Appendix - p. 1736.e1 585. Appendix Ia. Definitions of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Terms - p. 1736.e3 586. Appendix Ib. Relaxation Techniques - p. 1736.e5 587. Appendix Ic. Overview of Selected Natural Products - p. 1736.e7 588. Appendix Id. Natural Products and Drug Interactions - p. 1736.e10 589. Appendix Ie. Commonly Ingested Plants with Significant Toxic Potential - p. 1736.e14 590. Appendix If. Herbs Associated with Toxicity - p. 1736.e15 591. Appendix Ig. Websites Providing Data on Herbal Therapy Hazards - p. 1736.e17 592. Appendix Ih. Common Herbs in Integrated Medicine - p. 1736.e18 593. Appendix Ii. Herbal Activities Against Pain and Chronic Diseases - p. 1736.e23 594. Appendix IIa. Dietary Supplements: What Every Primary Care Provider Should Know - p. 1736.e26 595. Appendix IIb. Vitamins and Their Functions - p. 1736.e28 596. Appendix IIc. Nutritional Trace Elements and Their Clinical Implications - p. 1736.e33 597. Appendix IId. Summary of Vitamin and Mineral Deficiencies - p. 1736.e36 598. Appendix IIIa. Selected Historical and Physical Findings in Poisoning - p. 1736.e38 599. Appendix IIIb. Toxidromes - p. 1736.e40 600. Appendix IIIc. Antidotes and Indications for Use - p. 1736.e42 601. Appendix IIId. Management of Acute Poisoning - p. 1736.e47 602. Appendix IIIe. Pathophysiology, Clinical Effects, and Management of Specific Drugs and Toxicants - p. 1736.e50 603. Appendix IIIf. Accidental Poisoning by Exposure to Other Drugs Acting on the Autonomic Nervous System - p. 1736.e54 604. Appendix IV. Impairment and Disability Issues - p. 1736.e56 605. Appendix V. Protection of Travelers - p. 1736.e58 606. Appendix VI. Care of the Transgender Patient - p. 1736.e68 607. Appendix VIII. Palliative Care - p. 1736.e74 608. Appendix IX. Preoperative Evaluation - p. 1736.e79 609. Index - p. 1737 610. End sheet - p. ES3