Gastrointestinal Pathology and Liver Metastasis :A Case-Based Approach to Diagnosis

1. Cover image - p. c 2. Title page - p. iii 3. Copyright - p. iv 4. Dedications - p. v 5. Contributors - p. vi 6. Preface - p. x 7. Contents - p. xi 8. Part 1 Esophagus - p. p1 9. 1.1 Eosinophilic Esophagitis Versus Reflux Esophagitis - p. 1 10. 1.2 Lymphocytic Esophagitis Versus Candida Esophagitis Versus Lichen Planus Esophagitis - p. 7 11. 1.3 Candida Esophagitis Versus Other Neutrophil-Predominant Esophagitis - p. 12 12. 1.4 Viral Esophagitis Versus Pill and Corrosive Esophagitis - p. 15 13. 1.5 Epidermoid Metaplasia Versus Glycogenic Acanthosis - p. 19 14. 1.6 Melanosis or Melanocytosis (“Brown” Esophagus) Versus Acute Necrosis (“Black” Esophagus) - p. 22 15. 1.7 Columnar-Lined Esophagus Versus Barrett’s Esophagus - p. 25 16. 1.8 Multilayered Epithelium Versus Barrett’s Esophagus - p. 29 17. 1.9 Ancillary Stains for the Diagnosis of Barrett’s Esophagus - p. 30 18. 1.10 Barrett’s Esophagus Versus Carditis With Intestinal Metaplasia - p. 33 19. 1.11 Reactive Changes Versus Dysplasia (Including “Crypt Dysplasia”) in Barrett’s Esophagus - p. 36 20. 1.12 Low-Grade Versus High-Grade Conventional Dysplasia - p. 39 21. 1.13 Conventional Versus Foveolar Dysplasia - p. 41 22. 1.14 p53 Immunohistochemistry for Diagnosis of Dysplasia in Barrett’s Esophagus - p. 43 23. 1.15 High-Grade Dysplasia Versus Intramucosal Adenocarcinoma - p. 46 24. 1.16 Early Adenocarcinoma Reporting in Endoscopic Mucosal Resection and Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection Specimens - p. 48 25. 1.17 Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Variants - p. 51 26. 1.18 Grading and Management of Squamous Dysplasia - p. 54 27. 1.19 Typical and Variant Squamous Cell Carcinoma - p. 57 28. 1.20 Giant Fibrovascular Polyp Versus Atypical Lipomatous Tumor - p. 60 29. 1.21 Leiomyoma Versus Granular Cell Tumor - p. 63 30. 1.22 Poorly Differentiated and Undifferentiated Esophageal Carcinomas - p. 66 31. 1.23 Diagnostic Challenges in Post-neoadjuvant Esophageal Cancer Resection Specimens - p. 70 32. 1.24 Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Versus Salivary Gland–Type Tumors - p. 74 33. 1.25 Primary Versus Secondary Esophageal Carcinomas - p. 77 34. Part 2 Stomach - p. p81 35. 2.1 Normal Stomach Versus Chronic Gastritis - p. 81 36. 2.2 Chronic Gastritis Versus Reactive Gastropathy - p. 86 37. 2.3 Helicobacter Pylori Gastritis: To Stain or Not to Stain - p. 88 38. 2.4 Autoimmune Gastritis Versus Helicobacter Gastritis - p. 93 39. 2.5 Iron Pill Gastropathy Versus Other Gastric Siderosis - p. 98 40. 2.6 Doxycycline Injury Versus Nonspecific Erosion - p. 100 41. 2.7 Lanthanum Injury Versus Other Histiocytic Infiltration - p. 102 42. 2.8 Lymphocytic Versus Collagenous Gastritis - p. 105 43. 2.9 Gastric Biopsy With Increase in Eosinophils - p. 108 44. 2.10 Acute Gastritis With Ulcer Versus Cytomegalovirus Gastritis - p. 110 45. 2.11 Acute Gastritis With Ulcer Versus Adenovirus Gastritis - p. 113 46. 2.12 Phlegmonous Gastritis - p. 115 47. 2.13 Chronic Gastritis With Intestinal Metaplasia: To Type or Not to Type - p. 117 48. 2.14 Chronic Gastritis With Reactive Changes Versus Intestinal-Type Dysplasia - p. 121 49. 2.15 Chronic Gastritis With Reactive Changes Versus Foveolar Dysplasia - p. 125 50. 2.16 High-Grade Dysplasia Versus Intramucosal Adenocarcinoma - p. 128 51. 2.17 Hyperplastic Polyp Versus Fundic Gland Polyp - p. 130 52. 2.18 Hyperplastic Polyp With Dysplasia Versus Intestinal-Type Adenoma - p. 133 53. 2.19 Pyloric Gland Adenoma Versus Foveolar-Type Adenoma - p. 135 54. 2.20 Oxyntic Gland Adenoma Versus Other Adenomas - p. 139 55. 2.21 Hyperplastic Polyp Versus Peutz-Jeghers Polyp - p. 142 56. 2.22 Multiple Fundic Polyps Versus Gastric Adenocarcinoma and Proximal Polyposis of the Stomach - p. 144 57. 2.23 Gastric Adenocarcinoma: Intestinal Versus Diffuse Type - p. 147 58. 2.24 Lymphocyte-Rich/Epstein-Barr Virus-Positive Versus Mismatch Repair Deficient Adenocarcinoma - p. 151 59. 2.25 Hepatoid Carcinoma Versus Poorly-Differentiated Adenocarcinoma - p. 155 60. 2.26 Enteroblastic Adenocarcinoma Versus Conventional Adenocarcinoma - p. 158 61. 2.27 Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma Versus Pseudo Signet Ring Cells - p. 161 62. 2.28 Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma: Sporadic Versus Familial - p. 164 63. 2.29 Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma: Primary Versus Metastatic - p. 168 64. 2.30 Sarcomatoid Carcinoma Versus Sarcoma - p. 171 65. 2.31 Gastroblastoma Versus Adenocarcinoma - p. 173 66. 2.32 Gastric Adenocarcinoma With HER2 Staining - p. 175 67. 2.33 Gastric Adenocarcinoma With Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1 Staining - p. 178 68. 2.34 Well-Differentiated Neuroendocrine Tumor in Autoimmune Gastritis (Type 1) Versus Neuroendocrine Hyperplasia - p. 181 69. 2.35 Well-Differentiated Neuroendocrine Tumor: Sporadic (Type 3) Versus Other Types (Types 1 and 2) and Neuroendocrine Carcinoma - p. 184 70. Part 3 Small Intestine - p. p189 71. 3.1 Gastric Heterotopia Versus Neoplasm - p. 189 72. 3.2 Pediatric Small Intestinal Biopsies in Intractable Diarrhea - p. 193 73. 3.3 Small Bowel Disorders: Celiac Disease and Mimics - p. 197 74. 3.4 Small Bowel Infection: Protozoal, Microsporidial, Viral - p. 208 75. 3.5 Macrophage Infiltrates: Infectious Versus Non-Infectious Etiologies - p. 214 76. 3.6 Heterotopic Pancreas Versus Neoplasm - p. 220 77. 3.7 Active Ileitis With Crystals Versus Crohn’s Disease - p. 223 78. 3.8 Adenoma With High-Grade Dysplasia Versus Invasive Adenocarcinoma - p. 226 79. 3.9 Pyloric Gland Adenoma Versus Brunner Gland Hamartoma - p. 229 80. 3.10 Dystrophic Fat Versus Adenocarcinoma - p. 233 81. 3.11 Well-Differentiated Neuroendocrine Tumor Versus Neuroendocrine Carcinoma - p. 237 82. 3.12 Multilocular Peritoneal Inclusion Cyst Versus Malignant Mesothelioma - p. 243 83. 3.13 Gangliocytic Paraganglioma Versus Well-Differentiated Neuroendocrine Tumor of the Small Intestine - p. 247 84. 3.14 Ampullary Adenocarcinoma (pT2 Vs pT3) - p. 252 85. 3.15 Small Intestinal Adenocarcinoma Versus Metastatic Adenocarcinoma - p. 257 86. Part 4 Appendix - p. p263 87. 4.1 Acute Appendicitis With Diverticulitis Versus Low-Grade Appendiceal Mucinous Neoplasm - p. 263 88. 4.2 Sessile Serrated Adenoma Versus Mucosal Hyperplasia - p. 266 89. 4.3 Benign Subserosal Glands (Endosalpingiosis) Versus Adenocarcinoma - p. 269 90. 4.4 Low-Grade Appendiceal Mucinous Neoplasm Versus Appendiceal Adenoma - p. 272 91. 4.5 Low-Grade Appendiceal Mucinous Neoplasm Versus Distended Appendix With Mucin - p. 274 92. 4.6 Low-Grade Appendiceal Mucinous Neoplasm With Serosal Acellular Mucin and Other Risk Factors in Low-Grade Appendiceal Mucinous Neoplasm - p. 278 93. 4.7 Low-Grade Appendiceal Mucinous Neoplasm Versus High-Grade Appendiceal Mucinous Neoplasm - p. 282 94. 4.8 Mucinous Carcinoma Peritonei (Pseudomyxoma Peritonei), Low Grade (Grade 1) Versus High Grade (Grade 2) - p. 286 95. 4.9 Mucinous Carcinoma Peritonei (Pseudomyxoma Peritonei), Grade 2 Versus Grade 3 - p. 292 96. 4.10 Goblet Cell Adenocarcinoma Versus Neuroendocrine Neoplasms and Conventional Adenocarcinoma - p. 295 97. 4.11 Appendiceal Neuroendocrine Tumor: Low- Versus High-Risk Features - p. 300 98. 4.12 Tubular Neuroendocrine Tumor Versus Adenocarcinoma - p. 304 99. Part 5 Colon - p. p307 100. 5.1 Infectious Colitis Versus Inflammatory Bowel Disease - p. 307 101. 5.2 Ischemic Versus Pseudomembranous Colitis - p. 312 102. 5.3 Graft-Versus-Host Disease Versus Bowel Prep Effect - p. 316 103. 5.4 Eosinophilic Colitis Versus Infiltrative Disorders With Prominent Eosinophils - p. 318 104. 5.5 Enterocolic Lymphocytic Phlebitis Versus Inflammatory Bowel Disease - p. 322 105. 5.6 Lymphocytic Versus Collagenous Colitis - p. 326 106. 5.7 Diverticular Disease-Associated Colitis Versus Inflammatory Bowel Disease - p. 330 107. 5.8 Diversion Colitis Versus Inflammatory Bowel Disease - p. 333 108. 5.9 Isolated Asymptomatic Chronic Colitis and Ileitis Versus Inflammatory Bowel Disease - p. 336 109. 5.10 Drug-Induced Colitis Versus Inflammatory Bowel Disease - p. 339 110. 5.11 Radiation Colitis Versus Inflammatory Bowel Disease - p. 343 111. 5.12 Solitary Rectal Ulcer Syndrome Versus Inflammatory Bowel Disease - p. 346 112. 5.13 Ulcerative Colitis Versus Crohn’s Disease - p. 348 113. 5.14 Fulminant Colitis Versus Infectious Colitis - p. 353 114. 5.15 Crohn’s Disease Versus Sarcoidosis - p. 356 115. 5.16 Pouchitis Versus Crohn’s Disease - p. 359 116. 5.17 Isolated and Multiple Ulcers: Crohn’s Disease Versus Drug Versus Other Etiologies - p. 362 117. 5.18 Reactive Epithelial Changes Versus Dysplasia in Inflammatory Bowel Disease - p. 364 118. 5.19 Conventional Low- Versus High-Grade Dysplasia in Inflammatory Bowel Disease - p. 367 119. 5.20 Conventional Dysplasia Versus Dysplasia Variants in Inflammatory Bowel Disease - p. 369 120. 5.21 Microscopic Colitis and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Overlap - p. 373 121. 5.22 Kayexelate Versus Other Crystals - p. 375 122. 5.23 Chronic Intestinal Pseudo-obstruction Versus Hirschsprung Disease - p. 379 123. 5.24 Serrated Polyps Versus Adenomas - p. 386 124. 5.25 Tubular Adenoma With Squamoid Morules Versus Composite Adenoma-Microcarcinoid - p. 392 125. 5.26 Tubular Adenoma Versus Endometriosis and Mucosal Colonization by Cancer - p. 395 126. 5.27 Adenoma With Misplaced Epithelium (“Pseudoinvasion”) Versus Adenocarcinoma - p. 397 127. 5.28 Endoscopic Mucosal Resection and Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection Reporting of Adenocarcinoma in Polyp - p. 400 128. 5.29 Familial Adenomatous Polyposis Versus Other Adenomatous Polyposis Syndromes - p. 403 129. 5.30 Serrated Polyposis Syndrome Versus Multiple Hyperplastic Polyps - p. 407 130. 5.31 Mucosal Prolapse Versus Peutz-Jeghers Polyp - p. 410 131. 5.32 Juvenile Polyps Versus Inflammatory Polyps - p. 413 132. 5.33 Cowden Syndrome Versus Cronkhite-Canada Syndrome - p. 416 133. 5.34 Tailgut Cyst Versus Other Retrorectal Cysts - p. 420 134. 5.35 Adenocarcinoma Not Otherwise Specified Versus Special Types - p. 423 135. 5.36 Well- Versus Moderately Versus Poorly Differentiated Adenocarcinoma - p. 428 136. 5.37 pT3 Versus pT4a Colorectal Cancer - p. 432 137. 5.38 Lymphovascular Invasion in Colorectal Carcinoma - p. 436 138. 5.39 Tumor Deposits Versus Nodal Metastasis Versus Venous Invasion - p. 440 139. 5.40 Poorly Differentiated Neuroendocrine Carcinomas Versus Well-Differentiated Neuroendocrine Tumors Versus Mixed Neuroendocrine–Nonneuroendocrine Neoplasm - p. 444 140. 5.41 Primary Versus Metastatic Carcinoma - p. 448 141. 5.42 Isolated Tumor Cells Versus Micrometastasis Versus Positive Lymph Nodes - p. 452 142. 5.43 Positive Versus Negative Radial Margins - p. 455 143. Part 6 Anal Canal - p. p459 144. 6.1 Treponema pallidum Versus Other Infections - p. 459 145. 6.2 Condyloma Versus Reactive Changes - p. 463 146. 6.3 Low-Grade Versus High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion - p. 467 147. 6.4 High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion Versus Superficially Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma - p. 471 148. 6.5 Squamous Cell Carcinoma Versus Basal Cell Carcinoma - p. 473 149. 6.6 Squamous Cell Carcinoma Versus Neuroendocrine Carcinoma - p. 477 150. 6.7 Anal Gland Adenocarcinoma Versus Rectal Adenocarcinoma - p. 479 151. 6.8 Paget Disease Versus High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion - p. 482 152. 6.9 Anal Melanoma - p. 485 153. Part 7 Hematopoietic Neoplasms and Mimics - p. p489 154. 7.1 Gastric Extranodal Marginal Zone Lymphoma Versus Helicobacter pylori Gastritis With Lymphoid Hyperplasia - p. 489 155. 7.2 Colonic Polypoid Extranodal Marginal Zone Lymphoma Versus Reactive Lymphoid Hyperplasia - p. 495 156. 7.3 Mantle Cell Lymphoma - p. 499 157. 7.4 Duodenal Follicular Lymphoma Versus Reactive Follicles - p. 502 158. 7.5 Colonic Polypoid Follicular Lymphoma Versus Reactive Lymphoid Infiltrates - p. 505 159. 7.6 Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Versus Other Large B-Cell Lymphomas - p. 508 160. 7.7 High-Grade B-Cell Lymphoma Versus Other High-Grade Neoplasms - p. 511 161. 7.8 Enteropathy-Associated T-Cell Lymphoma Versus Other Lymphoma - p. 514 162. 7.9 Monomorphic Epitheliotropic Intestinal T-Cell Lymphoma Versus Other Lymphoma - p. 517 163. 7.10 Indolent Clonal T-Cell Lymphoproliferative Disorder of the Gastrointestinal Tract Versus Lymphoma - p. 522 164. 7.11 Systemic T-Cell Lymphoma Involvement of the Gastrointestinal Tract Versus Primary Gastrointestinal Lymphoma - p. 525 165. 7.12 Reactive Marginal Zone Hyperplasia Versus Extranodal Marginal Zone Lymphoma - p. 529 166. 7.13 Natural Killer Cell Enteropathy Versus Extranodal Natural Killer/T-Cell Lymphoma - p. 532 167. 7.14 Myeloid Sarcoma Versus Other Hematopoietic or Small Round Blue Cell Tumors - p. 536 168. 7.15 Systemic Mastocytosis Versus Benign Mast Cells - p. 541 169. 7.16 Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma Versus Mimics - p. 544 170. 7.17 Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Versus Langerhans Cell Sarcoma - p. 547 171. 7.18 Burkitt Lymphoma Versus Other Lymphoma - p. 550 172. 7.19 Plasmablastic Lymphoma Versus Other Lymphoma - p. 553 173. 7.20 Posttransplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder Versus Reactive Lymphoid Lesions - p. 555 174. 7.21 Rectal Tonsil or Reactive Lymphoid Aggregate Versus Rectal Lymphoma - p. 559 175. Part 8 Mesenchymal Tumors - p. p561 176. 8.1 Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Versus Smooth Muscle or Neurogenic Tumor - p. 561 177. 8.2 Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor Versus Other Spindle Cell Neoplasms - p. 568 178. 8.3 Intraabdominal Desmoid (Mesenteric Fibromatosis) Versus Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor - p. 571 179. 8.4 Solitary Fibrous Tumor Versus Other Spindle Cell Neoplasms - p. 575 180. 8.5 Lipoma Versus Liposarcoma - p. 579 181. 8.6 Inflammatory Fibroid Polyp (Gastric or Small Intestine) Versus Other Spindle Cell Polyps - p. 584 182. 8.7 Plexiform Fibromyxoma (Gastric or Duodenum) Versus Other Spindle Cell Lesions - p. 589 183. 8.8 Leiomyoma and Atypical Smooth Muscle Tumor - p. 593 184. 8.9 Leiomyosarcoma Versus Other Spindle Cell Neoplasms - p. 597 185. 8.10 Hemangioma or Arteriovenous Malformation Versus Other Vascular Lesions - p. 600 186. 8.11 Kaposi Sarcoma (Any Gastrointestinal Site) Versus Other Spindle Cell Lesions - p. 604 187. 8.12 Angiosarcoma (Any Gastrointestinal Site) Versus Other Sarcomas - p. 607 188. 8.13 Glomus Tumor (Stomach) Versus Other Neoplasms - p. 611 189. 8.14 Vascular Malformations (Lymphatic, Venous, Arteriovenous) Versus Hemangioma - p. 614 190. 8.15 Schwannoma (Stomach) Versus Other Spindle Cell Lesions - p. 619 191. 8.16 Granular Cell Tumor Versus Atypical Granular Cell Tumor (Esophagus or Large Bowel) - p. 622 192. 8.17 Perineurioma or Benign Fibroblastic Polyp (Large Bowel) - p. 627 193. 8.18 Ganglioneuroma and Ganglioneuromatosis (Large Bowel) - p. 631 194. 8.19 Perivascular Epithelioid Cell Tumor or Angiomyolipoma Versus Other Neoplasms - p. 634 195. 8.20 Synovial Sarcoma (Stomach) Versus Other Sarcomas - p. 638 196. 8.21 Malignant Gastrointestinal Neuroectodermal Tumor and Gastrointestinal Clear Cell Sarcoma (Small Intestine, Stomach, Large Intestine) Versus Melanoma - p. 642 197. 8.22 Colonic Ulceration With Pseudomalignant Change - p. 648 198. 8.23 Endometrial Lesions and Their Mimics in the Gastrointestinal Tract - p. 651 199. Part 9 Systemic Disorders Involving the Gastrointestinal Tract - p. p659 200. 9.1 Amyloidosis Versus Normal Biopsy - p. 659 201. 9.2 Graft-Versus-Host Disease Versus Mycophenolate Injury - p. 665 202. 9.3 Scleroderma Versus Other Autoimmune Disorders - p. 669 203. 9.4 Human Immunodeficiency Virus Enteritis Versus Other Immune Deficiency Disorders - p. 672 204. 9.5 Esophageal Stricture Versus Immunoglobulin G4 Disease - p. 675 205. Part 10 Liver Metastasis - p. p677 206. 10.1 Metastatic Adenocarcinoma Versus Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma - p. 677 207. 10.2 Resection of Colorectal Cancer Metastasis - p. 684 208. 10.3 Metastatic Small Intestinal Well-Differentiated NET Versus HCC Versus Other Neoplasms - p. 691 209. 10.4 Metastatic Neuroendocrine Carcinoma Versus Adenocarcinoma With Neuroendocrine Features - p. 699 210. 10.5 Metastatic Hepatoid Carcinoma Versus Yolk Sac Tumor Versus HCC - p. 705 211. 10.6 Metastatic Epithelioid GIST Versus Primary/Metastatic Carcinoma - p. 710 212. 10.7 Metastatic Anorectal Melanoma Versus Primary/Metastatic Tumors - p. 716 213. Index - p. 720