Handbook of Cannabis and Related Pathologies: Biology, Pharmacology, Diagnosis, and Treatment is the first book to take an interdisciplinary approach to the understanding of cannabis use and misuse. Recent worldwide trends toward decriminalizing marijuana for medical use have increased legal use of the drug and recreational use remains high, making cannabis one of the most commonly used drugs.
Cannabis has a wide range of adverse neurological effects, and use and abuse can lead to physical, social, and psychopathological issues that are multifarious and complex. Effective understanding and treatment requires knowledge of the drug’s effects from across scientific disciplines.
This book provides an overview of the biological and pharmacological components of the cannabis plant, outlines its neurological, social, and psychopathological effects, assists in the diagnosis and screening for use and dependency, and aids researchers in developing effective treatments for cannabis-related issues and disorders.
Fully illustrated, with contributions from internationally recognized experts, it is the go-to resource for neuroscientists, pharmacologists, pathologists, public-health workers, and any other researcher who needs an in-depth and cross-disciplinary understanding of cannabis and its effects.
1. Cover - p. i 2. Title page - p. iii 3. Table of Contents - p. iii 4. Copyright - p. ii 5. Dedication - p. iv 6. List of Contributors - p. v 7. Preface - p. xxiii 8. Part I: Setting the Scene, Botanical, General and International Aspects - p. xxvi 9. Chapter 1: The Cannabis Plant: Botanical Aspects - p. xxvi 10. Chapter 2: The Biosynthesis of Cannabinoids - p. 12 11. Chapter 3: Increasing Plant Concentrations of THC and Implications on Health Related Disorders - p. 23 12. Chapter 4: Age as a Predictor of Cannabis Use - p. 32 13. Chapter 5: Lifetime Cannabis Use and Cognition in Psychosis Spectrum Disorders - p. 43 14. Chapter 6: A Profile of Synthetic Cannabinoid Users - p. 52 15. Chapter 7: Dual Disorders in Cannabis Misuse - p. 60 16. Chapter 8: Cannabis Use and Cognitive Function - p. 69 17. Chapter 9: Cannabis, Migration, and Psychosis Onset - p. 78 18. Chapter 10: The Global Epidemiology and Disease Burden of Cannabis Use and Dependence - p. 88 19. Chapter 11: International Aspects of Cannabis Use and Misuse: the Australian Perspective - p. 100 20. Chapter 12: International Aspects of Cannabis Use and Misuse: Egypt - p. 109 21. Chapter 13: Cannabis Body Packing: A Caribbean Perspective - p. 121 22. Chapter e1: Tetrahydrocannabinol Concentration and Genetic Characterization of Cannabis - p. 128 23. Part II: Personal, Social and Community Aspects of Cannabis use - p. e10 24. Chapter 14: Gender Differences in Cannabis Use Disorders - p. e10 25. Chapter 15: The Role of Age in the Onset and Further Development of Cannabis Use Disorders - p. 137 26. Chapter 16: Effects of Cannabis Use on Neurocognition in Adolescents and Emerging Adults - p. 150 27. Chapter 17: Correlates and Consequences of Prenatal Cannabis Exposure (PCE): Identifying and Characterizing Vulnerable Maternal Populations and Determining Outcomes for Exposed Offspring - p. 159 28. Chapter 18: Cannabis and Clubbing: Relevance of Cannabis and Polydrug Use in the Clubbing Culture Today - p. 170 29. Chapter 19: Cannabis and Sexual Behavior - p. 179 30. Chapter 20: Friendships and Cannabis Use - p. 187 31. Chapter 21: Students’ Knowledge of Cannabis - p. 197 32. Chapter 22: Childhood Trauma and Cannabis: Risk Factors in Severe Mental Disorders? - p. 207 33. Chapter 23: Parent’s Influence on Children’s Cannabis Use - p. 214 34. Chapter 24: Cannabis Users and Premorbid Intellectual Quotient - p. 222 35. Chapter 25: Cannabis and Traffic Accidents - p. 233 36. Chapter e2: Cannabis Use in Youth Subcultures - p. 243 37. Part III: Cannabis, Behavior, Psychopathology and Neuropathology - p. e18 38. Chapter 26: Drug-Related Pictures, Attentional Bias, and Cannabis Use - p. e18 39. Chapter 27: Cannabis Use and First-Episode Psychosis Patients (FEP) - p. 256 40. Chapter 28: Cannabis, Associative Memory, fMRI, and the Implicit Association Test - p. 266 41. Chapter 29: Stress Response in Cannabis Users and Psychosis - p. 277 42. Chapter 30: Motivation in Chronic Cannabis Use - p. 287 43. Chapter 31: Cannabis Use and Its Association to Mental Illness: A Focus on Mood and Anxiety Disorders - p. 297 44. Chapter 32: Cannabis Use and Well-Being - p. 307 45. Chapter 33: Craving and Cannabis: A Potential Paradox - p. 316 46. Chapter 34: Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and Catalepsy-Like Immobilization - p. 325 47. Chapter 35: The Interactive Nature of Cannabis and Schizophrenia Risk Genes - p. 334 48. Chapter 36: Neuroimaging Findings in Adolescent Cannabis Use and Early Phase Psychosis - p. 344 49. Chapter 37: Cannabis Smoking in Adult Schizophrenia: A Cognitive and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Perspective - p. 356 50. Chapter 38: The Long-Lasting Effects of Cannabis Use on Movement and Brain Regions that Control Movement - p. 371 51. Chapter 39: Assessment of Cannabis Acute Effects on Driving Skills: Laboratory, Simulator, and On-Road Studies - p. 378 52. Chapter 40: Chronic Cannabis Use and Axonal Fiber Connectivity - p. 390 53. Chapter 41: Microglial Activation and Cannabis Exposure - p. 400 54. Chapter 42: Cannabis and Psychosis: Correlation, Causality, and Consequences - p. 412 55. Chapter 43: Cannabis Use in Bipolar Disorder - p. 421 56. Chapter 44: Cannabis Use in Epilepsy—Risks and Benefits - p. 430 57. Chapter 45: Cannabis, Cannabinoids, and Visceral Pain - p. 438 58. Chapter 46: Cannabis and Postoperative Analgesia - p. 449 59. Chapter e3: Aggressive Behavior and Cannabis Use - p. 458 60. Chapter e4: COMT Genotypes, Cannabis Use, and Psychosis: Gene-Environment Interaction Evidence from Human Populations, and Its Methodological Concerns - p. e28 61. Chapter e5: Neuroimaging and Genetics of the Acute and Chronic Effects of Cannabis - p. e41 62. Chapter e6: Gray Matter, Lateral Ventricle Volumes, and Executive Functioning in Cannabis Users with First-Episode Psychosis - p. e52 63. Chapter e7: Cannabis Use and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Potential Moderators - p. e63 64. Part IV: Cannabis, Organs, Tissues and Non-cns Aspects - p. e71 65. Chapter 47: Chronic Cannabis Abuse and Thyroid Function - p. e71 66. Chapter 48: Cannabis Hyperemesis Syndrome - p. 465 67. Chapter 49: Cannabis and Cannabinoids and the Effects on Gastrointestinal Function: An Overview - p. 470 68. Chapter 50: Cardiovascular Effects of Cannabis Usage - p. 480 69. Chapter 51: Cannabis and Stroke - p. 485 70. Chapter 52: Cannabis Smoking and the Lung - p. 493 71. Chapter 53: Cannabis and Hepatic Injury - p. 504 72. Chapter 54: Cannabis Allergy: More Than a Bad Trip - p. 516 73. Chapter 55: Marijuana and Breastfeeding - p. 526 74. Chapter 56: Hypocretins/Orexins and Addiction: Role in Cannabis Dependence - p. 532 75. Chapter 57: Regulatory Role of Cannabinoids for Skin Barrier Functions and Cutaneous Inflammation - p. 542 76. Chapter e8: Cannabis and Oral Health: Deleterious Effects on Periodontitis and Dental Implants - p. 549 77. Chapter e9: Does Cannabis Use Increase the Risk of Developing Cancer in Humans? - p. e79 78. Chapter e10: Cannabis and the Use of Amphetamine-Like Substances - p. e100 79. Part V: Pharmacology and Cellular Activities of Cannabinoids and Endocannabinoids - p. e110 80. Chapter 58: Cannabinoids and the Cannabinoid Receptors: An Overview - p. e110 81. Chapter 59: Signaling and Regulation of the Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor - p. 563 82. Chapter 60: Allosteric Modulation of the Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor - p. 572 83. Chapter 61: Polymorphisms of the CB2 Cannabinoid Receptor - p. 583 84. Chapter 62: Chemistry of Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists - p. 591 85. Chapter 63: The Endocannabinoid System as a Target for New Antiseizure Drugs - p. 605 86. Chapter 64: Pharmacological Aspects of Anandamide and 2-Arachidonoyglycerol as Bioactive Lipids - p. 615 87. Chapter 65: Pharmacological Aspects of NMDA Receptors, mGluR5, and Endocannabinoids - p. 629 88. Chapter 66: Peripheral CB1 Receptors and Ghrelin in Feeding Regulation: Pharmacological Implications - p. 638 89. Chapter 67: Pharmacological Aspects of Novel Antiobesity Agents Related to Cannabinoids - p. 648 90. Chapter 68: Cannabinoid Reward and Dependence: Focus on the Main Psychoactive Ingredients of Marijuana in Preclinical Studies - p. 658 91. Chapter 69: Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors and Cannabinoids - p. 670 92. Chapter 70: The Protein–Protein Interactions of Cannabinoid Receptor Interacting Protein 1a (CRIP1a) and Cannabinoid 1 Receptor: The Molecular Mechanism Study Through an Integrated Molecular Modeling Approach - p. 679 93. Chapter 71: Synthetic Cannabinoids: a Summary of Selected Phenomena With Respect to Behavioral Pharmacology and Abuse Liability - p. 690 94. Chapter e11: Cannabinoid Signaling in Glioma Cells and Therapeutic implications - p. 699 95. Part VI: Effects of Specific Natural and Synthetic Cannabinoids - p. e121 96. Chapter 72: The Role of 5-HT1A Receptor, and Nausea and Vomiting Relief by Cannabidiol (CBD), Cannabidiolic Acid (CBDA), and Cannabigerol (CBG) - p. e121 97. Chapter 73: Genetic and Molecular Aspects of Addiction with Tetrahydrocannabinol - p. 712 98. Chapter 74: Effects of ∆9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Human Breast Cancer - p. 721 99. Chapter 75: ∆9-THC and COX-2 Signaling - p. 728 100. Chapter 76: Cannabinoids and the Addictive Effects of Nicotine - p. 738 101. Chapter 77: Cannabinoid Regulation of Intraocular Pressure: Human and Animal Studies, Cellular and Molecular Targets - p. 747 102. Chapter 78: Ocular Delivery of Tetrahydrocannabinol - p. 759 103. Chapter 79: The Role of γ-Aminobutyric Acid in the Interoceptive Effects of Oral ∆9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Humans - p. 769 104. Chapter 80: The Role of ∆9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Diabetes Mellitus - p. 778 105. Chapter 81: Cannabidiol: An Overview of its Antipsychotic Properties - p. 786 106. Chapter 82: Cannabidiol for the Treatment of Epilepsy: An Overview of Possible Mechanisms of Action and Preclinical and Human Studies - p. 794 107. Chapter 83: Cannabidiol and Neuroprotection: Evidence from Preclinical Studies - p. 801 108. Chapter 84: Cannabinoids as Potent Inhibitors of Human CYP1 Enzymes - p. 812 109. Chapter 85: The Synthetic Analog of ∆9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC): Nabilone. Pharmacology and Clinical Application - p. 820 110. Chapter 86: Synthetic Cannabinoids in Dementia - p. 827 111. Chapter 87: Synthetic Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists (Spice) as New Recreational Psychoactive Substances - p. 838 112. Chapter 88: Accidents and Synthetic Cannabinoids in Blood of Drivers - p. 847 113. Chapter e12: Cannabidiol as an Antioxidant - p. 855 114. Chapter e13: The Anxiolytic Effects of Cannabidiol (CBD) - p. e130 115. Chapter e14: New Ethological and Morphological Perspectives for the Investigation of Panicolytic-Like Effects of Cannabidiol - p. e139 116. Chapter e15: Spice Use Among United States Military Personnel - p. e149 117. Part VII: Medicinal Cannabis use - p. e157 118. Chapter 89: Cannabis and Synthetic Cannabinoids for Cancer Patients: Multiple Palliative Indications Together With Promising Laboratory Antineoplastic Effects - p. e157 119. Chapter 90: The Use of Medical Marijuana in the Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders - p. 868 120. Chapter 91: Beneficial Effects of Cannabis and Related Compounds on Sleep - p. 876 121. Chapter 92: Cannabinoid-Based Medicines for the Treatment of Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome - p. 882 122. Chapter 93: Cannabidiol and Multiple Sclerosis - p. 892 123. Chapter 94: Cannabinoids and Their Effects on Painful Neuropathy - p. 904 124. Chapter 95: Cannabis for Basal Ganglia Disorders (Parkinson Disease and Huntington Disease) - p. 916 125. Chapter 96: Medical Cannabis for the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease - p. 930 126. Chapter 97: Cannabidiol for the Treatment of Drug Use Disorders - p. 938 127. Chapter 98: Cannabinoids and Effects on the Gastrointestinal Tract: A Focus on Motility - p. 946 128. Chapter 99: Potential Medical Uses of Cannabigerol: A Brief Overview - p. 957 129. Chapter e16: Cannabis Use in Fibromyalgia - p. 967 130. Part VIII: Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment - p. e167 131. Chapter 100: The Cannabis Abuse Screening Test (CAST) and Its Applications - p. e167 132. Chapter 101: Screening of Synthetic Cannabinoids - p. 980 133. Chapter 102: On-Site Drug Testing for Cannabis - p. 997 134. Chapter 103: Cannabinoids in Oral Fluid: Identification and Interpretation of Analytical Results - p. 1006 135. Chapter 104: Cannabinoids in Exhaled Breath - p. 1017 136. Chapter 105: Barriers to Treatment Seeking for Cannabis Dependence - p. 1024 137. Chapter 106: Pharmacotherapies for Cannabis Use Disorders - p. 1029 138. Chapter 107: Self-Initiated Cannabis Use Cessation in Adolescents and Emerging Adults - p. 1035 139. Chapter 108: Treating Cannabis-Dependent Adolescents with Family Therapy: The case of Multidimensional Family Therapy - p. 1046 140. Chapter 109: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Cannabis Use Disorder - p. 1055 141. Chapter 110: The Cannabis Withdrawal Syndrome— Symptoms and Time Course - p. 1065 142. Chapter 111: School-Based Cannabis Prevention Programs - p. 1073 143. Chapter 112: The CapOpus Trial for Cannabis Use Disorders - p. 1085 144. Chapter 113: Treating Cannabis Use Disorders Through Technology-Assisted Interventions: the Telephone and Internet - p. 1092 145. Chapter 114: Reducing Cannabis Use With a Real-Time Intervention Using Mobile Technology - p. 1100 146. Chapter e17: Short Instruments to Screen for “Problematic” Cannabis Use in General Population Surveys - p. 1110 147. Chapter e18: Self-report of Cannabis Use - p. e184 148. Chapter e19: CANDIS Program: Modular Treatment of Cannabis Use Disorders - p. e192 149. Chapter e20: Engaging Cannabis Users in Treatment - p. e201 150. Cannabis Neuropathology Resources and Recommended Reading - p. e210 151. Index - p. 1113
Handbook of Cannabis and Related Pathologies: Biology, Pharmacology, Diagnosis, and Treatment is the first book to take an interdisciplinary approach to the understanding of cannabis use and misuse. Recent worldwide trends toward decriminalizing marijuana for medical use have increased legal use of the drug and recreational use remains high, making cannabis one of the most commonly used drugs.
Cannabis has a wide range of adverse neurological effects, and use and abuse can lead to physical, social, and psychopathological issues that are multifarious and complex. Effective understanding and treatment requires knowledge of the drug’s effects from across scientific disciplines.
This book provides an overview of the biological and pharmacological components of the cannabis plant, outlines its neurological, social, and psychopathological effects, assists in the diagnosis and screening for use and dependency, and aids researchers in developing effective treatments for cannabis-related issues and disorders.
Fully illustrated, with contributions from internationally recognized experts, it is the go-to resource for neuroscientists, pharmacologists, pathologists, public-health workers, and any other researcher who needs an in-depth and cross-disciplinary understanding of cannabis and its effects.
1. Cover - p. i 2. Title page - p. iii 3. Table of Contents - p. iii 4. Copyright - p. ii 5. Dedication - p. iv 6. List of Contributors - p. v 7. Preface - p. xxiii 8. Part I: Setting the Scene, Botanical, General and International Aspects - p. xxvi 9. Chapter 1: The Cannabis Plant: Botanical Aspects - p. xxvi 10. Chapter 2: The Biosynthesis of Cannabinoids - p. 12 11. Chapter 3: Increasing Plant Concentrations of THC and Implications on Health Related Disorders - p. 23 12. Chapter 4: Age as a Predictor of Cannabis Use - p. 32 13. Chapter 5: Lifetime Cannabis Use and Cognition in Psychosis Spectrum Disorders - p. 43 14. Chapter 6: A Profile of Synthetic Cannabinoid Users - p. 52 15. Chapter 7: Dual Disorders in Cannabis Misuse - p. 60 16. Chapter 8: Cannabis Use and Cognitive Function - p. 69 17. Chapter 9: Cannabis, Migration, and Psychosis Onset - p. 78 18. Chapter 10: The Global Epidemiology and Disease Burden of Cannabis Use and Dependence - p. 88 19. Chapter 11: International Aspects of Cannabis Use and Misuse: the Australian Perspective - p. 100 20. Chapter 12: International Aspects of Cannabis Use and Misuse: Egypt - p. 109 21. Chapter 13: Cannabis Body Packing: A Caribbean Perspective - p. 121 22. Chapter e1: Tetrahydrocannabinol Concentration and Genetic Characterization of Cannabis - p. 128 23. Part II: Personal, Social and Community Aspects of Cannabis use - p. e10 24. Chapter 14: Gender Differences in Cannabis Use Disorders - p. e10 25. Chapter 15: The Role of Age in the Onset and Further Development of Cannabis Use Disorders - p. 137 26. Chapter 16: Effects of Cannabis Use on Neurocognition in Adolescents and Emerging Adults - p. 150 27. Chapter 17: Correlates and Consequences of Prenatal Cannabis Exposure (PCE): Identifying and Characterizing Vulnerable Maternal Populations and Determining Outcomes for Exposed Offspring - p. 159 28. Chapter 18: Cannabis and Clubbing: Relevance of Cannabis and Polydrug Use in the Clubbing Culture Today - p. 170 29. Chapter 19: Cannabis and Sexual Behavior - p. 179 30. Chapter 20: Friendships and Cannabis Use - p. 187 31. Chapter 21: Students’ Knowledge of Cannabis - p. 197 32. Chapter 22: Childhood Trauma and Cannabis: Risk Factors in Severe Mental Disorders? - p. 207 33. Chapter 23: Parent’s Influence on Children’s Cannabis Use - p. 214 34. Chapter 24: Cannabis Users and Premorbid Intellectual Quotient - p. 222 35. Chapter 25: Cannabis and Traffic Accidents - p. 233 36. Chapter e2: Cannabis Use in Youth Subcultures - p. 243 37. Part III: Cannabis, Behavior, Psychopathology and Neuropathology - p. e18 38. Chapter 26: Drug-Related Pictures, Attentional Bias, and Cannabis Use - p. e18 39. Chapter 27: Cannabis Use and First-Episode Psychosis Patients (FEP) - p. 256 40. Chapter 28: Cannabis, Associative Memory, fMRI, and the Implicit Association Test - p. 266 41. Chapter 29: Stress Response in Cannabis Users and Psychosis - p. 277 42. Chapter 30: Motivation in Chronic Cannabis Use - p. 287 43. Chapter 31: Cannabis Use and Its Association to Mental Illness: A Focus on Mood and Anxiety Disorders - p. 297 44. Chapter 32: Cannabis Use and Well-Being - p. 307 45. Chapter 33: Craving and Cannabis: A Potential Paradox - p. 316 46. Chapter 34: Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol and Catalepsy-Like Immobilization - p. 325 47. Chapter 35: The Interactive Nature of Cannabis and Schizophrenia Risk Genes - p. 334 48. Chapter 36: Neuroimaging Findings in Adolescent Cannabis Use and Early Phase Psychosis - p. 344 49. Chapter 37: Cannabis Smoking in Adult Schizophrenia: A Cognitive and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Perspective - p. 356 50. Chapter 38: The Long-Lasting Effects of Cannabis Use on Movement and Brain Regions that Control Movement - p. 371 51. Chapter 39: Assessment of Cannabis Acute Effects on Driving Skills: Laboratory, Simulator, and On-Road Studies - p. 378 52. Chapter 40: Chronic Cannabis Use and Axonal Fiber Connectivity - p. 390 53. Chapter 41: Microglial Activation and Cannabis Exposure - p. 400 54. Chapter 42: Cannabis and Psychosis: Correlation, Causality, and Consequences - p. 412 55. Chapter 43: Cannabis Use in Bipolar Disorder - p. 421 56. Chapter 44: Cannabis Use in Epilepsy—Risks and Benefits - p. 430 57. Chapter 45: Cannabis, Cannabinoids, and Visceral Pain - p. 438 58. Chapter 46: Cannabis and Postoperative Analgesia - p. 449 59. Chapter e3: Aggressive Behavior and Cannabis Use - p. 458 60. Chapter e4: COMT Genotypes, Cannabis Use, and Psychosis: Gene-Environment Interaction Evidence from Human Populations, and Its Methodological Concerns - p. e28 61. Chapter e5: Neuroimaging and Genetics of the Acute and Chronic Effects of Cannabis - p. e41 62. Chapter e6: Gray Matter, Lateral Ventricle Volumes, and Executive Functioning in Cannabis Users with First-Episode Psychosis - p. e52 63. Chapter e7: Cannabis Use and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Potential Moderators - p. e63 64. Part IV: Cannabis, Organs, Tissues and Non-cns Aspects - p. e71 65. Chapter 47: Chronic Cannabis Abuse and Thyroid Function - p. e71 66. Chapter 48: Cannabis Hyperemesis Syndrome - p. 465 67. Chapter 49: Cannabis and Cannabinoids and the Effects on Gastrointestinal Function: An Overview - p. 470 68. Chapter 50: Cardiovascular Effects of Cannabis Usage - p. 480 69. Chapter 51: Cannabis and Stroke - p. 485 70. Chapter 52: Cannabis Smoking and the Lung - p. 493 71. Chapter 53: Cannabis and Hepatic Injury - p. 504 72. Chapter 54: Cannabis Allergy: More Than a Bad Trip - p. 516 73. Chapter 55: Marijuana and Breastfeeding - p. 526 74. Chapter 56: Hypocretins/Orexins and Addiction: Role in Cannabis Dependence - p. 532 75. Chapter 57: Regulatory Role of Cannabinoids for Skin Barrier Functions and Cutaneous Inflammation - p. 542 76. Chapter e8: Cannabis and Oral Health: Deleterious Effects on Periodontitis and Dental Implants - p. 549 77. Chapter e9: Does Cannabis Use Increase the Risk of Developing Cancer in Humans? - p. e79 78. Chapter e10: Cannabis and the Use of Amphetamine-Like Substances - p. e100 79. Part V: Pharmacology and Cellular Activities of Cannabinoids and Endocannabinoids - p. e110 80. Chapter 58: Cannabinoids and the Cannabinoid Receptors: An Overview - p. e110 81. Chapter 59: Signaling and Regulation of the Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor - p. 563 82. Chapter 60: Allosteric Modulation of the Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor - p. 572 83. Chapter 61: Polymorphisms of the CB2 Cannabinoid Receptor - p. 583 84. Chapter 62: Chemistry of Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists - p. 591 85. Chapter 63: The Endocannabinoid System as a Target for New Antiseizure Drugs - p. 605 86. Chapter 64: Pharmacological Aspects of Anandamide and 2-Arachidonoyglycerol as Bioactive Lipids - p. 615 87. Chapter 65: Pharmacological Aspects of NMDA Receptors, mGluR5, and Endocannabinoids - p. 629 88. Chapter 66: Peripheral CB1 Receptors and Ghrelin in Feeding Regulation: Pharmacological Implications - p. 638 89. Chapter 67: Pharmacological Aspects of Novel Antiobesity Agents Related to Cannabinoids - p. 648 90. Chapter 68: Cannabinoid Reward and Dependence: Focus on the Main Psychoactive Ingredients of Marijuana in Preclinical Studies - p. 658 91. Chapter 69: Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors and Cannabinoids - p. 670 92. Chapter 70: The Protein–Protein Interactions of Cannabinoid Receptor Interacting Protein 1a (CRIP1a) and Cannabinoid 1 Receptor: The Molecular Mechanism Study Through an Integrated Molecular Modeling Approach - p. 679 93. Chapter 71: Synthetic Cannabinoids: a Summary of Selected Phenomena With Respect to Behavioral Pharmacology and Abuse Liability - p. 690 94. Chapter e11: Cannabinoid Signaling in Glioma Cells and Therapeutic implications - p. 699 95. Part VI: Effects of Specific Natural and Synthetic Cannabinoids - p. e121 96. Chapter 72: The Role of 5-HT1A Receptor, and Nausea and Vomiting Relief by Cannabidiol (CBD), Cannabidiolic Acid (CBDA), and Cannabigerol (CBG) - p. e121 97. Chapter 73: Genetic and Molecular Aspects of Addiction with Tetrahydrocannabinol - p. 712 98. Chapter 74: Effects of ∆9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Human Breast Cancer - p. 721 99. Chapter 75: ∆9-THC and COX-2 Signaling - p. 728 100. Chapter 76: Cannabinoids and the Addictive Effects of Nicotine - p. 738 101. Chapter 77: Cannabinoid Regulation of Intraocular Pressure: Human and Animal Studies, Cellular and Molecular Targets - p. 747 102. Chapter 78: Ocular Delivery of Tetrahydrocannabinol - p. 759 103. Chapter 79: The Role of γ-Aminobutyric Acid in the Interoceptive Effects of Oral ∆9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Humans - p. 769 104. Chapter 80: The Role of ∆9-Tetrahydrocannabinol in Diabetes Mellitus - p. 778 105. Chapter 81: Cannabidiol: An Overview of its Antipsychotic Properties - p. 786 106. Chapter 82: Cannabidiol for the Treatment of Epilepsy: An Overview of Possible Mechanisms of Action and Preclinical and Human Studies - p. 794 107. Chapter 83: Cannabidiol and Neuroprotection: Evidence from Preclinical Studies - p. 801 108. Chapter 84: Cannabinoids as Potent Inhibitors of Human CYP1 Enzymes - p. 812 109. Chapter 85: The Synthetic Analog of ∆9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC): Nabilone. Pharmacology and Clinical Application - p. 820 110. Chapter 86: Synthetic Cannabinoids in Dementia - p. 827 111. Chapter 87: Synthetic Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists (Spice) as New Recreational Psychoactive Substances - p. 838 112. Chapter 88: Accidents and Synthetic Cannabinoids in Blood of Drivers - p. 847 113. Chapter e12: Cannabidiol as an Antioxidant - p. 855 114. Chapter e13: The Anxiolytic Effects of Cannabidiol (CBD) - p. e130 115. Chapter e14: New Ethological and Morphological Perspectives for the Investigation of Panicolytic-Like Effects of Cannabidiol - p. e139 116. Chapter e15: Spice Use Among United States Military Personnel - p. e149 117. Part VII: Medicinal Cannabis use - p. e157 118. Chapter 89: Cannabis and Synthetic Cannabinoids for Cancer Patients: Multiple Palliative Indications Together With Promising Laboratory Antineoplastic Effects - p. e157 119. Chapter 90: The Use of Medical Marijuana in the Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders - p. 868 120. Chapter 91: Beneficial Effects of Cannabis and Related Compounds on Sleep - p. 876 121. Chapter 92: Cannabinoid-Based Medicines for the Treatment of Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome - p. 882 122. Chapter 93: Cannabidiol and Multiple Sclerosis - p. 892 123. Chapter 94: Cannabinoids and Their Effects on Painful Neuropathy - p. 904 124. Chapter 95: Cannabis for Basal Ganglia Disorders (Parkinson Disease and Huntington Disease) - p. 916 125. Chapter 96: Medical Cannabis for the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease - p. 930 126. Chapter 97: Cannabidiol for the Treatment of Drug Use Disorders - p. 938 127. Chapter 98: Cannabinoids and Effects on the Gastrointestinal Tract: A Focus on Motility - p. 946 128. Chapter 99: Potential Medical Uses of Cannabigerol: A Brief Overview - p. 957 129. Chapter e16: Cannabis Use in Fibromyalgia - p. 967 130. Part VIII: Screening, Diagnosis, and Treatment - p. e167 131. Chapter 100: The Cannabis Abuse Screening Test (CAST) and Its Applications - p. e167 132. Chapter 101: Screening of Synthetic Cannabinoids - p. 980 133. Chapter 102: On-Site Drug Testing for Cannabis - p. 997 134. Chapter 103: Cannabinoids in Oral Fluid: Identification and Interpretation of Analytical Results - p. 1006 135. Chapter 104: Cannabinoids in Exhaled Breath - p. 1017 136. Chapter 105: Barriers to Treatment Seeking for Cannabis Dependence - p. 1024 137. Chapter 106: Pharmacotherapies for Cannabis Use Disorders - p. 1029 138. Chapter 107: Self-Initiated Cannabis Use Cessation in Adolescents and Emerging Adults - p. 1035 139. Chapter 108: Treating Cannabis-Dependent Adolescents with Family Therapy: The case of Multidimensional Family Therapy - p. 1046 140. Chapter 109: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Cannabis Use Disorder - p. 1055 141. Chapter 110: The Cannabis Withdrawal Syndrome— Symptoms and Time Course - p. 1065 142. Chapter 111: School-Based Cannabis Prevention Programs - p. 1073 143. Chapter 112: The CapOpus Trial for Cannabis Use Disorders - p. 1085 144. Chapter 113: Treating Cannabis Use Disorders Through Technology-Assisted Interventions: the Telephone and Internet - p. 1092 145. Chapter 114: Reducing Cannabis Use With a Real-Time Intervention Using Mobile Technology - p. 1100 146. Chapter e17: Short Instruments to Screen for “Problematic” Cannabis Use in General Population Surveys - p. 1110 147. Chapter e18: Self-report of Cannabis Use - p. e184 148. Chapter e19: CANDIS Program: Modular Treatment of Cannabis Use Disorders - p. e192 149. Chapter e20: Engaging Cannabis Users in Treatment - p. e201 150. Cannabis Neuropathology Resources and Recommended Reading - p. e210 151. Index - p. 1113
