Advances in Insect Physiology, Volume 62, the latest release in this ongoing series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on a variety of timely topics. Each chapter is written by an international board of authors.
1. 1 Introduction - p. 3 2. 2 General organization of chitin in the cuticle - p. 8 3. 3 Developmental stage-specific differences: Serosal, larval, pupal and adult stages - p. 10 4. 4 Tissue-specific differences: Dorsal vs ventral; body wall, wings and appendages - p. 14 5. 5 Differences in composition of cuticular proteins from hard and soft cuticles - p. 16 6. 6 Growth and development of insect cuticle - p. 17 7. 7 Cuticles at muscle attachment sites and tendon cells - p. 20 8. 8 Internal tendon cells and associated cuticle - p. 24 9. 9 Biosynthetic pathway, precursors, genes, enzymes and regulation of chitin synthesis - p. 23 10. 10 Mechanism of insect cuticle chitin synthesis and extrusion - p. 30 11. 11 Chitin binding proteins that assist in the processing and organization of chitin in the cuticle - p. 33 12. 12 Modification of chitin in the cuticle - p. 43 13. 13 Chitin turnover during molting and egg hatching - p. 46 14. 14 Proteases that assist in the turnover of cuticle - p. 56 15. 15 Proteins involved in cuticle turnover: Changes in composition during development - p. 62 16. 16 Enzymes involved in cuticular chitin degradation - p. 60 17. 17 GH20 β-N-acetylhexosaminidases - p. 70 18. 18 Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOS) - p. 73 19. 19 Cuticular chitin as a target of pest control including inhibitors - p. 75 20. 20 Conclusions - p. 85 21. Acknowledgments - p. 86 22. References - p. 86 23. Chapter Two: Cuticular sclerotization in insects – A critical review - p. 121 24. Abstract - p. 112 25. Abbreviations - p. 112 26. 1 Introduction - p. 113 27. 2 Cuticular components pertinent to sclerotization - p. 115 28. 3 Sclerotizing enzymes - p. 116 29. 4 Sclerotizing precursors and sclerotizing agents - p. 119 30. 5 Quinone tanning process - p. 122 31. 6 Peroxidase mediated crosslinking - p. 125 32. 7 Initial proposal on β-sclerotization - p. 128 33. 8 α,β-Sclerotization process - p. 131 34. 9 Quinone methide sclerotization - p. 132 35. 10 Properties of quinone isomerase - p. 139 36. 11 Can nonenzymatic isomerization possible? - p. 138 37. 12 Tritium release studies offer pivotal support for quinone methide sclerotization - p. 141 38. 13 Reactions of quinone methide - p. 145 39. 14 Biosynthesis of dehydro NADA - p. 147 40. 15 The reactive compound formed from dehydro NADA - p. 146 41. 16 Laccase and dehydro NADA - p. 149 42. 17 Nonenzymatic oxidation of dehydro NADA - p. 152 43. 18 Internal reactivity of QMIA - p. 153 44. 19 External reactivity of QMIA—Reactions with water - p. 154 45. 20 Reaction of QMIA with thiols - p. 161 46. 21 Arterenone formation - p. 164 47. 22 Dehydro NBAD formation - p. 163 48. 23 Reactivity of dehydro NBAD - p. 163 49. 24 Colourless versus coloured cuticle - p. 172 50. 25 A possible intramolecular cyclization of dehydro NADA - p. 173 51. 26 Unified mechanism for sclerotization insect cuticle - p. 173 52. 27 Use of catechols other than NADA and NBAD - p. 177 53. 28 Genes associated with sclerotization and melanisation - p. 181 54. 29 Sclerotization in peptidyl dopa - p. 184 55. 30 Dehydro dopamine units in other systems - p. 185 56. 31 Melanin formation in insects - p. 185 57. 32 Control mechanism of melanin formation during defence reactions - p. 194 58. 33 A final thought on sclerotization - p. 197 59. Acknowledgements - p. 199 60. References - p. 200 61. Chapter Three: Hardening and tanning of insect ootheca, egg cases, egg sac, chorion, and silk - p. 215 62. Chapter Four: Insect multicopper oxidase-2: Molecular properties, roles in cuticle formation, and impacts on evolutionary success of insects - p. 295 63. Chapter Five: Diversity of melanin synthesis genes in insects - p. 357
Advances in Insect Physiology, Volume 62, the latest release in this ongoing series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on a variety of timely topics. Each chapter is written by an international board of authors.
1. 1 Introduction - p. 3 2. 2 General organization of chitin in the cuticle - p. 8 3. 3 Developmental stage-specific differences: Serosal, larval, pupal and adult stages - p. 10 4. 4 Tissue-specific differences: Dorsal vs ventral; body wall, wings and appendages - p. 14 5. 5 Differences in composition of cuticular proteins from hard and soft cuticles - p. 16 6. 6 Growth and development of insect cuticle - p. 17 7. 7 Cuticles at muscle attachment sites and tendon cells - p. 20 8. 8 Internal tendon cells and associated cuticle - p. 24 9. 9 Biosynthetic pathway, precursors, genes, enzymes and regulation of chitin synthesis - p. 23 10. 10 Mechanism of insect cuticle chitin synthesis and extrusion - p. 30 11. 11 Chitin binding proteins that assist in the processing and organization of chitin in the cuticle - p. 33 12. 12 Modification of chitin in the cuticle - p. 43 13. 13 Chitin turnover during molting and egg hatching - p. 46 14. 14 Proteases that assist in the turnover of cuticle - p. 56 15. 15 Proteins involved in cuticle turnover: Changes in composition during development - p. 62 16. 16 Enzymes involved in cuticular chitin degradation - p. 60 17. 17 GH20 β-N-acetylhexosaminidases - p. 70 18. 18 Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOS) - p. 73 19. 19 Cuticular chitin as a target of pest control including inhibitors - p. 75 20. 20 Conclusions - p. 85 21. Acknowledgments - p. 86 22. References - p. 86 23. Chapter Two: Cuticular sclerotization in insects – A critical review - p. 121 24. Abstract - p. 112 25. Abbreviations - p. 112 26. 1 Introduction - p. 113 27. 2 Cuticular components pertinent to sclerotization - p. 115 28. 3 Sclerotizing enzymes - p. 116 29. 4 Sclerotizing precursors and sclerotizing agents - p. 119 30. 5 Quinone tanning process - p. 122 31. 6 Peroxidase mediated crosslinking - p. 125 32. 7 Initial proposal on β-sclerotization - p. 128 33. 8 α,β-Sclerotization process - p. 131 34. 9 Quinone methide sclerotization - p. 132 35. 10 Properties of quinone isomerase - p. 139 36. 11 Can nonenzymatic isomerization possible? - p. 138 37. 12 Tritium release studies offer pivotal support for quinone methide sclerotization - p. 141 38. 13 Reactions of quinone methide - p. 145 39. 14 Biosynthesis of dehydro NADA - p. 147 40. 15 The reactive compound formed from dehydro NADA - p. 146 41. 16 Laccase and dehydro NADA - p. 149 42. 17 Nonenzymatic oxidation of dehydro NADA - p. 152 43. 18 Internal reactivity of QMIA - p. 153 44. 19 External reactivity of QMIA—Reactions with water - p. 154 45. 20 Reaction of QMIA with thiols - p. 161 46. 21 Arterenone formation - p. 164 47. 22 Dehydro NBAD formation - p. 163 48. 23 Reactivity of dehydro NBAD - p. 163 49. 24 Colourless versus coloured cuticle - p. 172 50. 25 A possible intramolecular cyclization of dehydro NADA - p. 173 51. 26 Unified mechanism for sclerotization insect cuticle - p. 173 52. 27 Use of catechols other than NADA and NBAD - p. 177 53. 28 Genes associated with sclerotization and melanisation - p. 181 54. 29 Sclerotization in peptidyl dopa - p. 184 55. 30 Dehydro dopamine units in other systems - p. 185 56. 31 Melanin formation in insects - p. 185 57. 32 Control mechanism of melanin formation during defence reactions - p. 194 58. 33 A final thought on sclerotization - p. 197 59. Acknowledgements - p. 199 60. References - p. 200 61. Chapter Three: Hardening and tanning of insect ootheca, egg cases, egg sac, chorion, and silk - p. 215 62. Chapter Four: Insect multicopper oxidase-2: Molecular properties, roles in cuticle formation, and impacts on evolutionary success of insects - p. 295 63. Chapter Five: Diversity of melanin synthesis genes in insects - p. 357
