International Encyclopedia of Public Health

1. Introduction - p. iii 2. Public Health and Epidemiology in a Perilous World - p. iii 3. History of Epidemiology and Public Health - p. iii 4. Historical Epidemiology - p. iii 5. Historical Bacteriology - p. iii 6. History of Antibiotic Development and Resistance - p. iii 7. Classic Concepts of Disease - p. iii 8. Schools of Public Health - p. iii 9. History of Public Health in the Ancient World - p. iii 10. History of Public Health during Colonialism - p. iii 11. Historical Influenza - p. iii 12. Historical Leprosy - p. iii 13. Historical Views of Mental Illness - p. iii 14. Historical Plague - p. iii 15. Historical Poliomyelitis - p. iii 16. History of Malaria and its Control - p. iii 17. Historical Yellow Fever - p. iii 18. History of Vaccines - p. iii 19. Quarantine Through History - p. iii 20. Demography, Epidemiology, and Public Health - p. iii 21. Demography, Epidemiology, and Public Health - p. iii 22. Compression of Morbidity: Consumerism, Education, Outreach - p. iii 23. Genetic Epidemiology in the Era of Genomic Medicine - p. iii 24. Methods and Measurement in Epidemiology and Public Health - p. iii 25. Rethinking the WHO Definition of Health - p. iii 26. Concepts of Health and Disease - p. iii 27. Classical Disease Classification - p. iii 28. International Classification Systems for Health – Historical Overview - p. iii 29. Epidemic Investigation - p. iii 30. Surveillance of Disease: Overview - p. iii 31. Quality-Adjusted Life Years - p. iii 32. Global Burden of Disease - p. iii 33. Observational Epidemiology - p. iii 34. Biostatistics in Epidemiology - p. iii 35. Human Health Risk Assessment - p. iii 36. Measurement and Modeling of Health-Related Quality of Life - p. iii 37. Measuring Quality of Life of Children and Adolescents - p. iii 38. Clinical Trials - p. iii 39. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) in Public Health - p. iii 40. Health Surveys - p. iii 41. Infectious Disease Modeling - p. iii 42. Chronic Disease Modeling - p. iii 43. Decision Analytic Modeling - p. iii 44. Economic Models of Hospital Behaviour - p. iii 45. Meta-Analysis - p. iii 46. Epidemiology of Diseases: Cancer - p. iii 47. Cancer Epidemiology - p. iii 48. Bladder Cancer - p. iii 49. Breast Cancer - p. iii 50. Colorectal Cancer - p. iii 51. Esophageal Cancer - p. iii 52. Gastric Cancer - p. iii 53. Leukemia - p. iii 54. Liver Cancer - p. iii 55. Advances and Ongoing Challenges in the Prevention and Control of Lung Cancer - p. iii 56. Lymphomas - p. iii 57. Oral Cancer - p. iii 58. Epidemiology of Gynaecological Cancer: Ovarian, Endometrial and Cervical - p. iii 59. Epidemiology of Pancreatic Cancer - p. iii 60. Epidemiology of Pedriatic Cancer - p. iii 61. Epidemiology of Prostate Cancer - p. iii 62. Cancer Mortality - p. iii 63. Cancer Survival - p. iii 64. Cancer Screening: Theory and Applications - p. iii 65. Cancer Prevention - p. iii 66. Familial Cancers - p. iii 67. Cancer Treatment - Radiation Therapy - p. iii 68. Future Organization of Cancer Care - p. iii 69. Epidemiology of Diseases: Cardiovascular Diseases - p. iii 70. Coronary Heart Disease - p. iii 71. Heart Failure - p. iii 72. Global Trends in Cardiovascular Disease - p. iii 73. Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease - p. iii 74. Sudden Cardiac Arrest - p. iii 75. Peripheral Arterial Disease - p. iii 76. Hypertension - p. iii 77. Venous Thromboembolism - p. iii 78. Cardiovascular Disease Prevention - p. iii 79. Risk Factors in Cardiovascular Disease - p. iii 80. Epidemiology of Diseases: Respiratory Diseases - p. iii 81. Asthma - p. iii 82. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease - p. iii 83. Adult Obstructive Sleep Apnea - p. iii 84. Epidemiology of Diseases: Emerging and Re-emerging Diseases - p. iii 85. Principles of infectious diseases: Transmission, Diagnosis, Prevention and Control - p. iii 86. Re-Emerging Diseases: Overview - p. iii 87. Emergence of Novel Human Infections: New Insights and New Challenges - p. iii 88. Antimicrobial Resistance in a One Health and One World Perspective – Mechanisms and Perspectives - p. iii 89. Infectious Disease Surveillance - p. iii 90. Overview of Childhood Infectious Diseases - p. iii 91. Lyme Disease - p. iii 92. Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies - p. iii 93. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) - p. iii 94. COVID-19 Vaccine development and distribution - p. iii 95. Viral Infections: Overview with a focus on Prevention of Transmission - p. iii 96. HIV/AIDS of the Central Nervous System - p. iii 97. Geographical Distribution and Global Trends of HIV and TB Disease Burdens - p. iii 98. Arboviruses - p. iii 99. Bacterial Infections: Overview - p. iii 100. Botulism - p. iii 101. Brucellosis - p. iii 102. Cholera and other Vibrioses - p. iii 103. Dengue, Dengue hemorrhagic fever - p. iii 104. Diphtheria - p. iii 105. Enteroviruses - p. iii 106. Environmental Opportunistic Nontuberculous Mycobacteria - p. iii 107. Escherichia coli - p. iii 108. Foodborne Diseases - p. iii 109. Helicobacter Pylori - p. iii 110. Herpes Viruses - p. iii 111. Intestinal infections: Overview - p. iii 112. Leprosy - p. iii 113. Measles - p. iii 114. Mumps - p. iii 115. Pneumonia - p. iii 116. Poliomyelitis - p. iii 117. Rhinoviruses - p. iii 118. The Rickettsiales and Coxiella burnetii - p. iii 119. Rabies - p. iii 120. Rubella - p. iii 121. Shigellosis - p. iii 122. Smallpox - p. iii 123. Streptococcal Diseases - p. iii 124. Syphilis - p. iii 125. Tetanus - p. iii 126. Viral hepatitis - p. iii 127. Viral diarrhea - p. iii 128. Yaws, Bejel and Pinta - p. iii 129. Yellow Fever - p. iii 130. Epidemiology of Diseases: Parasitic Diseases - p. iii 131. Parasitic Diseases: Overview - p. iii 132. Arthropod Ectoparasites - p. iii 133. Helminthic Diseases: Dracunculiasis - p. iii 134. Helminthic Diseases: Echinococcosis - p. iii 135. Helminthic Diseases: Filariasis - p. iii 136. Helminthic Diseases: Foodborne Trematode Infections - p. iii 137. Helminthic Diseases: Intestinal Nematode Infection - p. iii 138. Helminthic Diseases: Onchocerciasis and Loiasis - p. iii 139. Helminthic Diseases: Schistosomiasis - p. iii 140. Helminthic Diseases: Taeniasis and Cysticercosis due to Taenia solium - p. iii 141. Helminthic Diseases: Trichinellosis and Zoonotic Helminthic Infections - p. iii 142. Protozoan Diseases: Chagas Disease - p. iii 143. Protozoan Diseases: Cryptosporidiosis, Giardiasis, and other Intestinal Protozoan Diseases - p. iii 144. Protozoan Diseases: Leishmaniasis - p. iii 145. Protozoan Diseases: Malaria, Clinical Features, Management and Prevention - p. iii 146. Protozoan Diseases: Toxoplasmosis - p. iii 147. Mycobacterium ulcerans Disease: Buruli ulcer - p. iii 148. Epidemiology of Diseases: Neurological & Brain disorders - p. iii 149. Cerebrovascular Disease - p. iii 150. Head Trauma - p. iii 151. Huntington’s Disease - p. iii 152. Bacterial Meningitis - p. iii 153. Metabolic Myopathies - p. iii 154. Migraine Update - p. iii 155. Multiple Sclerosis - p. iii 156. Muscular Dystrophies - p. iii 157. Neurodevelopmental Disorders - p. iii 158. Parkinson’s Disease - p. iii 159. Seizure Disorders - p. iii 160. Sleep Disorders - p. iii 161. Wilson’s Disease - p. iii 162. Epidemiology of Diseases: Psychiatric & Psychological disorders - p. iii 163. Measurement of Psychiatric and Psychological Disorders and Outcomes in Populations - p. iii 164. Mental Health Etiology: Biological and Genetic Determinants - p. iii 165. Mental Health Etiology: Social Determinants - p. iii 166. Mental Health and Physical Health - p. iii 167. Mental Health Policy - p. iii 168. Mental Health Promotion - p. iii 169. Principles: Mental Health Resources and Services - p. iii 170. Mental Health: Morbidity and Impact - p. iii 171. Depressive and Anxiety Disorders - p. iii 172. Eating Disorders - p. iii 173. Mental Health Disorders associated with Aging - p. iii 174. Dementia and Cognitive Impairment - p. iii 175. Personality Disorders - p. iii 176. Psychotic Disorders - p. iii 177. Stigma of Mental Illness, Principles - p. iii 178. Women’s Mental Health - p. iii 179. Epidemiology of Diseases: Metabolic and Sensory Disorders - p. iii 180. Epidemiology of Diabetes Mellitus - p. iii 181. Diabetes Mellitus Treatment - p. iii 182. Autoimmune Diseases - p. iii 183. Endocrine Diseases: Overview - p. iii 184. Kidney Diseases - p. iii 185. Lupus Erythematosus: Pathogenesis of Cutaneous Manifestations - p. iii 186. Sickle-Cell Diseases - p. iii 187. Skin Diseases (Noncancerous) - p. iii 188. Large Fiber Neuropathy - p. iii 189. Small Fiber Neuropathy - p. iii 190. Public Health Burden of Blindness - p. iii 191. Hearing Disorders - p. iii 192. Sexual and Reproductory Health - p. iii 193. Sexual and Reproductive Health: Overview, Infertility, Family Planning, and Gynaecological Morbidity - p. iii 194. Female Reproductive Physiology and Function - p. iii 195. Male Reproductive Function - p. iii 196. Gender Aspects of Sexual and Reproductive Health - p. iii 197. Maternal Mortality and Morbidity - p. iii 198. Menopause - p. iii 199. Puberty - p. iii 200. Reproductive Rights - p. iii 201. Trends in Human Fertility - p. iii 202. Reproductive Health: Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs): Overview - p. iii 203. Violence Against Women - p. iii 204. Public Health of Population Subgroups - p. iii 205. Longevity of Specific Populations - p. iii 206. Perinatal Epidemiology - p. iii 207. Neonatal and Infant Mortality - p. iii 208. Child Obesity and Health - p. iii 209. Adolescent Health - p. iii 210. Child Abuse/Treatment - p. iii 211. Child Labor - p. iii 212. Child Witness to Violence - p. iii 213. School Health Promotion - p. iii 214. Populations at Special Health Risk: Displaced Populations - p. iii 215. Populations at special risk: Homeless Populations - p. iii 216. Incarceration and Health: An Overview of Conditions and Solutions - p. iii 217. Populations at special risk: Indigenous Populations - p. iii 218. Populations at Special Health Risk: Men - p. iii 219. Populations at Special Health Risk: Women - p. iii 220. Populations at Special Health Risk: Migrants - p. iii 221. Populations at Special Health Risk: Rural Populations - p. iii 222. Populations at Special Risk: Workers - p. iii 223. Stress and Public Health - p. iii 224. Populations at Special Risk: Children and Children's Mental Health Services - p. iii 225. Public Health Dimensions of Disability - p. iii 226. Behavioural Factors and Public Health: Socio-cultural Behavior - p. iii 227. Social Science Contributions to Public Health: Overview - p. iii 228. Anthropological Perspectives on the Health Transition - p. iii 229. Cultural Epidemiology - p. iii 230. Medical Pluralism - p. iii 231. Medical Sciences and Technology in Socio-Cultural Context - p. iii 232. Social and Cultural Perspectives on Ecology and Health - p. iii 233. Social Dimensions of Epidemics - p. iii 234. Cultural Contexts of Reproductive Health - p. iii 235. Health Care of Indigenous Nations - p. iii 236. Ethnic Conflict and Public Health - p. iii 237. Gender in Health and Illness - p. iii 238. Religion and Healing - p. iii 239. Health-Related Stigma - p. iii 240. Cultural Issues and Linguistic Complications in Health Communication - p. iii 241. Risk Communication: A Contemporary Perspective - p. iii 242. Trust and Public Communication of Science-Based Evidence: Crucial Public Health Components of the Management of Epidemics - p. iii 243. Media and Health - p. iii 244. Patient Empowerment in Health Care - p. iii 245. People’s Health Movement - p. iii 246. The Interaction of Race, Racism, Human Variation and Health - p. iii 247. Health Behavior and Risk Factors - p. iii 248. New Public Health - p. iii 249. Social Gradients and Child Health - p. iii 250. Concept, Science and Practice of Health Promotion - p. iii 251. UN Commission on Social Determinants of Health - p. iii 252. Behavioural Factors and Public Health: Diet, Obesity and Health - p. iii 253. Diet and Obesity - p. iii 254. Physical Activity and Health - p. iii 255. Health Consequences of Obesity/Overweight - p. iii 256. Cholesterol and Lipids - p. iii 257. Fatty Acids - p. iii 258. Diet and Heart Disease - p. iii 259. Behavioural Factors and Public Health: Nutrition, Malnutrion and Poverty - p. iii 260. International Dietary Guidelines Background - p. iii 261. Community-Based Nutrition Programmes: Selected Lessons From Asia - p. iii 262. Undernutrition and its Social Determinants - p. iii 263. Facility-Based Treatment of Severe Acute Malnutrition - p. iii 264. Infant Malnutrition: Breastfeeding - p. iii 265. Food Fortification - p. iii 266. Functions and Deficiencies of B-Vitamins and their Prevention - p. iii 267. Iodine Deficiency and Its Prevention - p. iii 268. Iron Deficiency and its Prevention - p. iii 269. The Epidemiology of Vitamin C - p. iii 270. Vitamin A Deficiency and its Prevention - p. iii 271. Vitamin D - p. iii 272. Nutrition and HIV - p. iii 273. Behavioural Factors and Public Health: Tobacco Use and Public Health - p. iii 274. Tobacco Control: An Integrated Approach - p. iii 275. Tobacco Control Strategies - p. iii 276. Smoking Cessation - p. iii 277. Preventing Uptake of Smoking - p. iii 278. Secondhand Smoke - p. iii 279. E-Cigarettes and Vaping - p. iii 280. Global Tobacco Industry - p. iii 281. Behavioural Factors and Public Health: Alcohol Use and Public Health - p. iii 282. Background Overview of International Trends in Alcohol Consumption - p. iii 283. Social and Economic Impact of Alcohol Consumption - p. iii 284. Treatment of Alcoholism - p. iii 285. The Alcohol Industry - p. iii 286. Behavioural Factors and Public Health: Psychoactive Drug Use - p. iii 287. Historical and Sociocultural Context of Psychoactive Substance Use - p. iii 288. Illicit Drugs: Patterns of Use, Dependence, and Contribution to Disease Burden in Developed Countries - p. iii 289. Psychoactive Substance Use and Harm Prevention - p. iii 290. Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders - p. iii 291. Primary Prevention Strategies Against Psychoactive Substance Use - p. iii 292. Public Health and the Harm Reduction Approach to Illegal Psychoactive Substances - p. iii 293. Behavioural Factors and Public Health: Epidemiology of Injuries and Violence - p. iii 294. Prevention and Control of Violence and Intentional Injuries - p. iii 295. Elder Abuse - p. iii 296. Young People and Violence - p. iii 297. Sexual Violence - p. iii 298. Serial and Mass Murderers - Historical Perspective - p. iii 299. Terrorism - p. iii 300. Weapons of Mass Destruction: Chemical, Biological, and Nuclear Weapons - p. iii 301. Arms Control Measures - p. iii 302. Occupational Injuries and Workplace Violence - p. iii 303. Burns and Scalds - p. iii 304. Drowning - p. iii 305. Falls - p. iii 306. Disasters and Emergency Planning - p. iii 307. Humanitarian Response to Complex Emergencies and Natural Disasters - p. iii 308. Road Traffic Injuries - p. iii 309. Epidemiology and Prevention of Sports Injuries - p. iii 310. Forced Migration and Health - p. iii 311. Suicide and Self-Directed Violence - p. iii 312. Environmental and Occupational Epidemiology - p. iii 313. Environmental and Occupational Epidemiology - p. iii 314. Environmental and Occupational Epidemiology: Environmental Public Health - p. iii 315. Environmental Health: Overview - p. iii 316. Agricultural Health and Safety - p. iii 317. Environmental Protection Laws - p. iii 318. Environmental Carcinogens - p. iii 319. Asbestos - p. iii 320. Cadmium - p. iii 321. Mercury - p. iii 322. Lead Hazards and Poisoning - p. iii 323. Drinking Water and Sanitation - p. iii 324. Pesticides - p. iii 325. Extreme Weather Events and Public Health - p. iii 326. Natural Disasters - p. iii 327. Famine - p. iii 328. Outdoor Air Pollution: Sources, Atmospheric Transport and Human Health Effects - p. iii 329. Review of Indoor Air Pollution in Developing Countries - p. iii 330. Organohalogen Pollutants and Human Health - p. iii 331. Environmental and Occupational Epidemiology: Occupational Public Health - p. iii 332. Occupational Health: Introduction - p. iii 333. Occupational Lung diseases - p. iii 334. Sick Building Syndrome - p. iii 335. Military Health Issues - p. iii 336. International Issues on Workers’ Health and Safety - p. iii 337. Clinical Epidemiology - p. iii 338. Dental Health Epidemiology - p. iii 339. Health Services - p. iii 340. Acute Care Hospitals - p. iii 341. Primary Health Care - p. iii 342. Maternal Health Services - p. iii 343. Long-Term Care Organization and Financing - p. iii 344. Hospice and Palliative Care - p. iii 345. Disability and Rehabilitation Services - p. iii 346. Immunization - p. iii 347. Public Health Aspects of Transfusion - p. iii 348. Managed Care - p. iii 349. Public Health Professionals - p. iii 350. Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics - p. iii 351. Community Health Workers - p. iii 352. Human Resources for Oral Health and Dentistry: Time for Action - p. iii 353. Home Care - p. iii 354. Integrative, Traditional and Complementary Medicine - p. iii 355. Non-governmental Organizations (NGOs) and Public Health - p. iii 356. Biotechnology, ICT and Health: Overview - p. iii 357. Technology Solutions for Physical Mobility Challenges - p. iii 358. Structure Switching Bioreceptors as Novel Tools for Point-of-Care Diagnostics - p. iii 359. Biotechnology Advances in Disease Treatment - p. iii 360. Health Systems - p. iii 361. National Health Systems: A Historical OverView - p. iii 362. Health-Care Delivery Systems - p. iii 363. Comparative Health Systems in the 21st Century - p. iii 364. Urban Health Systems: Overview - p. iii 365. Global Issues: Urban Health in Low- and Middle-income Countries - p. iii 366. Health Systems of Australia and New Zealand - p. iii 367. Health System of Canada - p. iii 368. Health Systems of Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean - p. iii 369. Health Systems of East Asia and Pacific States - p. iii 370. Health System of Japan - p. iii 371. Medical and Healthcare Systems in Taiwan - p. iii 372. Health Systems of South Asia - p. iii 373. Health Systems of Scandinavia - p. iii 374. Health System in the United Kingdom: Past, Present and Future - p. iii 375. Health System of the United States - p. iii 376. Latin American Social Medicine and Collective Health - p. iii 377. Historical and Future Perspectives of One Health University Networks - p. iii 378. World Health Organization - p. iii 379. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - p. iii 380. Public Health and Public Policy - p. iii 381. Role of the State in Public Health Policy - p. iii 382. Agenda Setting in Public Health Policy - p. iii 383. Evidence-Informed Public Health Policy - p. iii 384. Global Health Law: International Law and Public Health Policy - p. iii 385. Foundations of Public Health Law - p. iii 386. Governance Issues in Health Financing - p. iii 387. Essential Medicines, Pharmaceutical Policy and Global Health - p. iii 388. Public Health and Law Enforcement: Regulation of Drugs and Drug Use - p. iii 389. Food Safety - p. iii 390. Interest Groups and Civil Society in Public Health Policy - p. iii 391. Public Health Law and Policy: Dual Tools for Public Health - p. iii 392. Planning for Public Health Policy - p. iii 393. Public Participation in Policy and Research - p. iii 394. Transition to Universal Coverage in Developing Countries - p. iii 395. Environmental Justice and Health - p. iii 396. Relief Operations - p. iii 397. Ethical and Professional Issues in Epidemiology and Public Health - p. iii 398. Codes of Ethics for Public Health - p. iii 399. Foundations in Public Health Ethics - p. iii 400. Ethics of Public Health Research: Moral Obligations to Communities - p. iii 401. Health and Human Rights Overview: The Nexus of Health and Human Rights in Times of Peace and Crisis - p. iii 402. Resource Allocation: Justice and Resource Allocation in Public Health - p. iii 403. The Ethics of Disease Prevention & Control - p. iii 404. Ethics of Immunization - p. iii 405. Ethics of Infectious Disease Control - p. iii 406. Ethics of Screening - p. iii 407. Assisted Dying and Public Health - p. iii 408. Health Technology Assessment: Ethical, Legal and Social Issues - p. iii 409. Legal Issues in Public Health - p. iii 410. New Technologies: Ethics of Genomics - p. iii 411. Torture and public health - p. iii 412. Public Health Approaches at the End of Life - p. iii 413. Anthropological Perspectives in Bioethics - p. iii 414. The Ethical, Legal and Social Implications of Artificial Intelligence in Public Health - p. iii 415. Health Inequalities - p. iii 416. Health Inequalities - p. iii 417. International Perspectives on Resource Allocation - p. iii 418. Determinants of National Health Expenditure - p. iii 419. Community Health Insurance in Low- and Middle-Income Countries - p. iii 420. Equity in Health Financing - p. iii 421. Demand for Health Care - p. iii 422. Provider Payment Systems and Incentives - p. iii 423. Consumerism and the Study of Consumer Insights in Health - p. iii 424. Health Literacy - p. iii 425. Corruption and the Consequences for Public Health - p. iii 426. Health Implications of Energy Use - p. iii 427. Health Equity and Community Engagement - p. iii 428. Index - p. iii 429. Authors - p. iii