Introduction to Fiber-Optic Communications, Second Edition provides students with a comprehensive understanding of modern optical fiber communication and its applications. The book strikes a balanced approach between theory and practice, avoiding excessive mathematics and derivations. Unlike other textbooks, it covers recent technologies and developments, such as electro-optic modulators, coherent optical systems, and silicon integrated photonic circuits. Practical worked examples and exercises help solidify understanding, and coverage ensures that students have a broad and deep knowledge base, making them ready to tackle modern challenges in optical and communications engineering.
In addition to foundational principles, the book covers optical transmission system design, advanced modulation formats, high-speed DSP, and important application areas like passive optical networks, datacenters, and optical interconnections.
1. Chapter 1. Introduction - p. 3 2. Chapter 2. Optical fibers - p. 17 3. Introduction - p. 18 4. 2.3 Propagation modes in optical fibers - p. 28 5. 2.3.1 Geometric optics analysis - p. 29 6. 2.3.2 Mode analysis using electromagnetic field theory - p. 32 7. 2.3.3 Mode classification - p. 37 8. 2.3.4 Numerical aperture - p. 38 9. 2.3.5 Field distribution profile of single-mode fiber - p. 42 10. 2.4 Optical fiber attenuation - p. 43 11. 2.5 Group velocity and dispersion - p. 47 12. 2.5.1 Phase velocity and group velocity - p. 47 13. 2.5.2 Group velocity dispersion - p. 48 14. 2.5.3 Sources of chromatic dispersion - p. 50 15. 2.5.4 Modal dispersion - p. 52 16. 2.5.5 Polarization mode dispersion - p. 52 17. 2.5.6 Mode division multiplexing - p. 54 18. 2.6 Nonlinear effects in an optical fiber - p. 55 19. 2.7 Different types of optical fibers - p. 62 20. Summary - p. 70 21. Problems - p. 72 22. Chapter 3. Light sources for optical communications - p. 77 23. Introduction - p. 77 24. 3.3 Laser Diodes - p. 88 25. 3.3.1 Amplitude and phase conditions for self-sustained oscillation - p. 88 26. 3.3.2 Rate equations - p. 90 27. 3.3.3 Steady-state solutions of rate equations - p. 92 28. 3.3.4 Side-mode suppression ratio - p. 95 29. 3.3.5 Far-field emission pattern - p. 96 30. 3.3.6 Modulation response - p. 97 31. 3.3.7 Laser noises - p. 101 32. 3.4 Single-frequency semiconductor lasers - p. 107 33. 3.5 Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers and arrays - p. 114 34. 3.6 Laser diode biasing and packaging - p. 118 35. Summary - p. 122 36. Problems - p. 124 37. Chapter 4. Photodetectors - p. 129 38. Chapter 5. Passive optical components - p. 161 39. Chapter 6. Optical amplifiers - p. 189 40. Introduction - p. 189 41. 6.1 Optical gain, gain bandwidth, and saturation - p. 189 42. 6.2 Optical noise and noise figure - p. 189 43. 6.3 Semiconductor optical amplifiers - p. 189 44. 6.3.1 Steady-state analysis - p. 189 45. 6.3.2 Gain dynamics of a semiconductor optical amplifier - p. 189 46. 6.3.3 All-optical signal processing based on cross-gain and cross-phase modulation - p. 189 47. 6.3.4 Wavelength conversion based on four-wave mixing in a semiconductor optical amplifier - p. 189 48. 6.4 Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers - p. 189 49. 6.5 Summary - p. 189 50. Problems - p. 189 51. Chapter 7. External electro-optic modulators - p. 235 52. Introduction - p. 235 53. 7.2 Optical single-sideband modulation - p. 249 54. 7.3 Optical I/Q modulator - p. 252 55. 7.4 Optical modulators using electro-absorption effect - p. 254 56. Summary - p. 259 57. Problems - p. 260 58. Chapter 8. Optical transmission system - p. 267 59. Introduction - p. 267 60. 8.1 Bit error rate versus Q-value for binary modulated systems - p. 269 61. 8.2 Impacts of noise and waveform distortion on system Q-value - p. 277 62. 8.3 Receiver sensitivity and required optical signal-to-noise ratio - p. 282 63. 8.4 Concept of wavelength-division multiplexing - p. 289 64. 8.5 System performance degradation caused by linear sources - p. 291 65. 8.5.1 Eye closure penalty caused by chromatic dispersion - p. 291 66. 8.5.2 Eye closure penalty caused by polarization-mode dispersion - p. 295 67. 8.5.3 Amplified spontaneous emission noise accumulation in fiber systems with in-line optical amplifiers - p. 298 68. 8.5.4 Multipath interference - p. 300 69. 8.6 Optical system link budgeting - p. 302 70. 8.7 Summary - p. 306 71. Problems - p. 307 72. Chapter 9. Coherent optical communication systems - p. 313 73. Part II. Advanced topics in fiber-optic communications - p. 335 74. Chapter 10. Passive optical components and integrated photonic circuits - p. 335 75. Introduction - p. 335 76. Solution: - p. 342 77. Solution: - p. 347 78. 10.3 Acousto-optic filters - p. 348 79. 10.4 Optical isolators and circulators - p. 351 80. 10.5 Planar lightwave circuits and silicon photonics - p. 357 81. 10.5.1 Slab optical waveguides - p. 359 82. 10.5.2 Rectangle optical waveguides - p. 367 83. 10.5.3 Directional couplers - p. 371 84. 10.5.4 Silicon photonics - p. 374 85. 10.6 Electro-optic modulator based on ring resonators - p. 378 86. 10.7 Optical switches - p. 384 87. 10.8 Summary - p. 400 88. Chapter 11. Modulation formats for optical communications - p. 411 89. Introduction - p. 411 90. 11.1 Binary non-return-to-zero versus return-to-zero modulation formats - p. 412 91. 11.2 Generation of pseudorandom binary sequence patterns and clock recovery - p. 416 92. 11.3 Polybinary, duobinary, and carrier-suppressed return-to-zero modulation - p. 420 93. 11.4 Binary and differential phase-shift keying optical systems - p. 430 94. 11.5 High-level phase-shift keying and quadrature amplitude modulation - p. 436 95. 11.6 Analog optical systems and radio over fiber - p. 441 96. 11.7 Summary - p. 455 97. Problems - p. 456 98. Chapter 12. Optical performance degradation caused by fiber nonlinearities - p. 461 99. Introduction - p. 461 100. 12.1 Nonlinear Schrödinger equation and split-step numerical solution - p. 462 101. 12.2 Semi-analytical approaches to evaluate nonlinear cross talk in fiber-optic systems - p. 466 102. 12.2.1 XPM-induced signal phase modulation - p. 466 103. 12.2.2 XPM-induced intensity modulation and impact on intensity-modulation and direct-detection optical systems - p. 469 104. 12.2.3 FWM-induced cross talk in intensity-modulation and direct-detection optical systems - p. 479 105. 12.2.4 Comparison between cross-phase modulation and four-wave mixing - p. 484 106. 12.2.5 Modulation instability and its impact in wavelength-division multiplexing optical systems - p. 486 107. 12.3 Gaussian noise model for nonlinear interference estimation - p. 499 108. Conclusion - p. 508 109. Problems - p. 509 110. Chapter 13. Application of high-speed DSP in optical communications - p. 515 111. Introduction - p. 515 112. 13.1 Enabling technologies for optical transmission based on digital signal processing - p. 516 113. 13.2 Electrical domain compensation of transmission impairments - p. 517 114. 13.3 Digital subcarrier multiplexing: OFDM and Nyquist FDM - p. 530 115. Summary - p. 564 116. Problems - p. 564 117. Chapter 14. Raman amplification - p. 569 118. Introduction - p. 569 119. 14.1 Gain and noise figure of Raman amplification - p. 572 120. 14.2 High-order Raman pumping - p. 581 121. 14.3 Impact of pump relative intensity noise transfer into signal intensity and phase noises - p. 589 122. 14.4 Optical system performance using distributed Raman amplification - p. 598 123. Summary - p. 614 124. Problems - p. 615 125. Chapter 15. Optical networking - p. 619 126. Chapter 16. Basic fiber-optic measurement techniques - p. 683 127. Introduction - p. 683 128. 16.1 Fiber-attenuation measurement and optical time-domain reflectometers - p. 685 129. 16.2 Fiber dispersion measurements - p. 694 130. 16.3 Polarimeter and polarization mode dispersion measurement - p. 705 131. 16.3.1 The Stokes parameters and the Poincare sphere - p. 705 132. 16.3.2 Optical polarimeter - p. 709 133. 16.3.3 Fiber birefringence and polarization mode dispersion parameters - p. 711 134. 16.3.4 Poincare arc method - p. 714 135. 16.3.5 Jones matrix method - p. 716 136. 16.4 Fiber core and cladding size measurements based on electrostriction - p. 723 137. 16.5 Characterization of relative intensity noise, linewidth, and phase noise of semiconductor lasers - p. 734 138. Solution: - p. 741 139. Index - p. 761
Introduction to Fiber-Optic Communications, Second Edition provides students with a comprehensive understanding of modern optical fiber communication and its applications. The book strikes a balanced approach between theory and practice, avoiding excessive mathematics and derivations. Unlike other textbooks, it covers recent technologies and developments, such as electro-optic modulators, coherent optical systems, and silicon integrated photonic circuits. Practical worked examples and exercises help solidify understanding, and coverage ensures that students have a broad and deep knowledge base, making them ready to tackle modern challenges in optical and communications engineering.
In addition to foundational principles, the book covers optical transmission system design, advanced modulation formats, high-speed DSP, and important application areas like passive optical networks, datacenters, and optical interconnections.
1. Chapter 1. Introduction - p. 3 2. Chapter 2. Optical fibers - p. 17 3. Introduction - p. 18 4. 2.3 Propagation modes in optical fibers - p. 28 5. 2.3.1 Geometric optics analysis - p. 29 6. 2.3.2 Mode analysis using electromagnetic field theory - p. 32 7. 2.3.3 Mode classification - p. 37 8. 2.3.4 Numerical aperture - p. 38 9. 2.3.5 Field distribution profile of single-mode fiber - p. 42 10. 2.4 Optical fiber attenuation - p. 43 11. 2.5 Group velocity and dispersion - p. 47 12. 2.5.1 Phase velocity and group velocity - p. 47 13. 2.5.2 Group velocity dispersion - p. 48 14. 2.5.3 Sources of chromatic dispersion - p. 50 15. 2.5.4 Modal dispersion - p. 52 16. 2.5.5 Polarization mode dispersion - p. 52 17. 2.5.6 Mode division multiplexing - p. 54 18. 2.6 Nonlinear effects in an optical fiber - p. 55 19. 2.7 Different types of optical fibers - p. 62 20. Summary - p. 70 21. Problems - p. 72 22. Chapter 3. Light sources for optical communications - p. 77 23. Introduction - p. 77 24. 3.3 Laser Diodes - p. 88 25. 3.3.1 Amplitude and phase conditions for self-sustained oscillation - p. 88 26. 3.3.2 Rate equations - p. 90 27. 3.3.3 Steady-state solutions of rate equations - p. 92 28. 3.3.4 Side-mode suppression ratio - p. 95 29. 3.3.5 Far-field emission pattern - p. 96 30. 3.3.6 Modulation response - p. 97 31. 3.3.7 Laser noises - p. 101 32. 3.4 Single-frequency semiconductor lasers - p. 107 33. 3.5 Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers and arrays - p. 114 34. 3.6 Laser diode biasing and packaging - p. 118 35. Summary - p. 122 36. Problems - p. 124 37. Chapter 4. Photodetectors - p. 129 38. Chapter 5. Passive optical components - p. 161 39. Chapter 6. Optical amplifiers - p. 189 40. Introduction - p. 189 41. 6.1 Optical gain, gain bandwidth, and saturation - p. 189 42. 6.2 Optical noise and noise figure - p. 189 43. 6.3 Semiconductor optical amplifiers - p. 189 44. 6.3.1 Steady-state analysis - p. 189 45. 6.3.2 Gain dynamics of a semiconductor optical amplifier - p. 189 46. 6.3.3 All-optical signal processing based on cross-gain and cross-phase modulation - p. 189 47. 6.3.4 Wavelength conversion based on four-wave mixing in a semiconductor optical amplifier - p. 189 48. 6.4 Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers - p. 189 49. 6.5 Summary - p. 189 50. Problems - p. 189 51. Chapter 7. External electro-optic modulators - p. 235 52. Introduction - p. 235 53. 7.2 Optical single-sideband modulation - p. 249 54. 7.3 Optical I/Q modulator - p. 252 55. 7.4 Optical modulators using electro-absorption effect - p. 254 56. Summary - p. 259 57. Problems - p. 260 58. Chapter 8. Optical transmission system - p. 267 59. Introduction - p. 267 60. 8.1 Bit error rate versus Q-value for binary modulated systems - p. 269 61. 8.2 Impacts of noise and waveform distortion on system Q-value - p. 277 62. 8.3 Receiver sensitivity and required optical signal-to-noise ratio - p. 282 63. 8.4 Concept of wavelength-division multiplexing - p. 289 64. 8.5 System performance degradation caused by linear sources - p. 291 65. 8.5.1 Eye closure penalty caused by chromatic dispersion - p. 291 66. 8.5.2 Eye closure penalty caused by polarization-mode dispersion - p. 295 67. 8.5.3 Amplified spontaneous emission noise accumulation in fiber systems with in-line optical amplifiers - p. 298 68. 8.5.4 Multipath interference - p. 300 69. 8.6 Optical system link budgeting - p. 302 70. 8.7 Summary - p. 306 71. Problems - p. 307 72. Chapter 9. Coherent optical communication systems - p. 313 73. Part II. Advanced topics in fiber-optic communications - p. 335 74. Chapter 10. Passive optical components and integrated photonic circuits - p. 335 75. Introduction - p. 335 76. Solution: - p. 342 77. Solution: - p. 347 78. 10.3 Acousto-optic filters - p. 348 79. 10.4 Optical isolators and circulators - p. 351 80. 10.5 Planar lightwave circuits and silicon photonics - p. 357 81. 10.5.1 Slab optical waveguides - p. 359 82. 10.5.2 Rectangle optical waveguides - p. 367 83. 10.5.3 Directional couplers - p. 371 84. 10.5.4 Silicon photonics - p. 374 85. 10.6 Electro-optic modulator based on ring resonators - p. 378 86. 10.7 Optical switches - p. 384 87. 10.8 Summary - p. 400 88. Chapter 11. Modulation formats for optical communications - p. 411 89. Introduction - p. 411 90. 11.1 Binary non-return-to-zero versus return-to-zero modulation formats - p. 412 91. 11.2 Generation of pseudorandom binary sequence patterns and clock recovery - p. 416 92. 11.3 Polybinary, duobinary, and carrier-suppressed return-to-zero modulation - p. 420 93. 11.4 Binary and differential phase-shift keying optical systems - p. 430 94. 11.5 High-level phase-shift keying and quadrature amplitude modulation - p. 436 95. 11.6 Analog optical systems and radio over fiber - p. 441 96. 11.7 Summary - p. 455 97. Problems - p. 456 98. Chapter 12. Optical performance degradation caused by fiber nonlinearities - p. 461 99. Introduction - p. 461 100. 12.1 Nonlinear Schrödinger equation and split-step numerical solution - p. 462 101. 12.2 Semi-analytical approaches to evaluate nonlinear cross talk in fiber-optic systems - p. 466 102. 12.2.1 XPM-induced signal phase modulation - p. 466 103. 12.2.2 XPM-induced intensity modulation and impact on intensity-modulation and direct-detection optical systems - p. 469 104. 12.2.3 FWM-induced cross talk in intensity-modulation and direct-detection optical systems - p. 479 105. 12.2.4 Comparison between cross-phase modulation and four-wave mixing - p. 484 106. 12.2.5 Modulation instability and its impact in wavelength-division multiplexing optical systems - p. 486 107. 12.3 Gaussian noise model for nonlinear interference estimation - p. 499 108. Conclusion - p. 508 109. Problems - p. 509 110. Chapter 13. Application of high-speed DSP in optical communications - p. 515 111. Introduction - p. 515 112. 13.1 Enabling technologies for optical transmission based on digital signal processing - p. 516 113. 13.2 Electrical domain compensation of transmission impairments - p. 517 114. 13.3 Digital subcarrier multiplexing: OFDM and Nyquist FDM - p. 530 115. Summary - p. 564 116. Problems - p. 564 117. Chapter 14. Raman amplification - p. 569 118. Introduction - p. 569 119. 14.1 Gain and noise figure of Raman amplification - p. 572 120. 14.2 High-order Raman pumping - p. 581 121. 14.3 Impact of pump relative intensity noise transfer into signal intensity and phase noises - p. 589 122. 14.4 Optical system performance using distributed Raman amplification - p. 598 123. Summary - p. 614 124. Problems - p. 615 125. Chapter 15. Optical networking - p. 619 126. Chapter 16. Basic fiber-optic measurement techniques - p. 683 127. Introduction - p. 683 128. 16.1 Fiber-attenuation measurement and optical time-domain reflectometers - p. 685 129. 16.2 Fiber dispersion measurements - p. 694 130. 16.3 Polarimeter and polarization mode dispersion measurement - p. 705 131. 16.3.1 The Stokes parameters and the Poincare sphere - p. 705 132. 16.3.2 Optical polarimeter - p. 709 133. 16.3.3 Fiber birefringence and polarization mode dispersion parameters - p. 711 134. 16.3.4 Poincare arc method - p. 714 135. 16.3.5 Jones matrix method - p. 716 136. 16.4 Fiber core and cladding size measurements based on electrostriction - p. 723 137. 16.5 Characterization of relative intensity noise, linewidth, and phase noise of semiconductor lasers - p. 734 138. Solution: - p. 741 139. Index - p. 761
