Mader's Reptile and Amphibian Medicine and Surgery Known as "the bible" of herpetological medicine and surgery, Mader’s Reptile and Amphibian Medicine and Surgery, 3rd Edition edited by Stephen Divers and Scott Stahl provides a complete veterinary reference for reptiles and amphibians, including specific sections on practice management and development; taxonomy, anatomy, physiology, behavior, stress and welfare; captive husbandry and management including nutrition, heating and lighting; infectious diseases and laboratory sciences; clinical techniques and procedures; sedation, anesthesia and analgesia; diagnostic imaging; endoscopy; medicine; surgery; therapy; differential diagnoses by clinical signs; specific disease/condition summaries; population health and public health; and legal topics. Well-organized and concise, this new edition covers just about everything related to reptiles and amphibians by utilizing an international array of contributing authors that were selected based on their recognized specialization and expertise, bringing a truly global perspective to this essential text!
1. Cover image - p. i 2. Title Page - p. i 3. Table of Contents - p. i 4. Copyright - p. iv 5. Dedication - p. v 6. Contributors - p. vii 7. Foreword - p. xviii 8. Preface - p. xix 9. Acknowledgments - p. xx 10. Section 1 Practice Management and Development - p. xxii 11. 1 Developing a Successful Herpetological Veterinary Service - p. 1 12. 2 Reference Resources for the Herpetological Clinician - p. 8 13. 3 Understanding the Human-Herp Relationship - p. 11 14. 4 Specialization - p. 16 15. 5 The Importance of Herpetological Publication by Clinicians and Academics - p. 22 16. 6 Statistics for the Clinician Scientist - p. 26 17. Section 2 Biology (Taxonomy, Anatomy, Physiology, and Behavior) - p. 30.e1 18. 7 Chelonian Taxonomy, Anatomy, and Physiology - p. 31 19. 8 Snake Taxonomy, Anatomy, and Physiology - p. 50 20. 9 Lizard Taxonomy, Anatomy, and Physiology - p. 63 21. 10 Crocodilian Taxonomy, Anatomy, and Physiology - p. 75 22. 11 Tuatara Taxonomy, Anatomy, and Physiology - p. 83 23. 12 Amphibian Taxonomy, Anatomy, and Physiology - p. 86 24. 13 Natural Behavior - p. 90 25. 14 Behavioral Training and Enrichment of Reptiles - p. 100 26. 15 Stress and Welfare - p. 105 27. Section 3 Husbandry and Management - p. 108.e1 28. 16 General Husbandry and Management - p. 109 29. 17 Environmental Lighting - p. 131 30. 18 Disinfection - p. 139 31. 19 Quarantine - p. 142 32. 20 Snakes - p. 145 33. 21 Lizards - p. 152 34. 22 Venomous Species - p. 162 35. 23 Tortoises, Freshwater Turtles, and Terrapins - p. 168 36. 24 Sea Turtles - p. 180 37. 25 Crocodilians - p. 194 38. 26 Tuatara - p. 199 39. 27 Nutrition - p. 201 40. 28 Amphibians - p. 224 41. Section 4 Infectious Diseases and Laboratory Sciences - p. 234.e1 42. 29 Bacteriology - p. 235 43. 30 Virology - p. 247 44. 31 Mycology - p. 270 45. 32 Parasitology (Including Hemoparasites) - p. 281 46. 33 Hematology - p. 301 47. 34 Clinical Chemistry - p. 319 48. 35 Hematology and Biochemistry Tables - p. 333 49. 36 Molecular Infectious Disease Diagnostics - p. 351 50. 37 Immunopathology - p. 356 51. 38 Cytology - p. 361 52. 39 Biopsy - p. 365 53. 40 Necropsy - p. 368 54. 41 Diagnostic Laboratory Listing - p. 376 55. Section 5 Techniques and Procedures - p. 384 56. 42 Medical History and Physical Examination - p. 385 57. 43 Diagnostic Techniques and Sample Collection - p. 405 58. 44 Catheter Placement - p. 422 59. 45 Esophagostomy Tube Placement - p. 429 60. 46 Hospitalization - p. 432 61. 47 Euthanasia - p. 437 62. Section 6 Anesthesia - p. 440.e1 63. 48 Sedation - p. 441 64. 49 General Anesthesia - p. 447 65. 50 Analgesia - p. 465 66. 51 Regional Anesthesia and Analgesia - p. 475 67. 52 Amphibian Anesthesia - p. 480 68. Section 7 Diagnostic Imaging - p. 485.e1 69. 53 Radiography—General Principles - p. 486 70. 54 Radiography—Lizards - p. 491 71. 55 Radiography—Snakes - p. 503 72. 56 Radiography—Chelonians - p. 514 73. 57 Radiography—Crocodilians - p. 528 74. 58 Ultrasonography - p. 543 75. 59 Computed Tomography - p. 560 76. 60 Magnetic Resonance Imaging - p. 571 77. 61 Scintigraphy - p. 586 78. Section 8 Endoscopy - p. 588.e1 79. 62 Diagnostic and Surgical Endoscopy Equipment - p. 589 80. 63 Endoscopy Practice Management (Fee Structures and Marketing) - p. 600 81. 64 Diagnostic Endoscopy - p. 604 82. 65 Endoscope-Assisted and Endoscopic Surgery - p. 615 83. Section 9 Medicine - p. 623.e1 84. 66 Urology - p. 624 85. 67 Hepatology - p. 649 86. 68 Cardiology - p. 669 87. 69 Dermatology—Skin - p. 699 88. 70 Dermatology—Shell - p. 712 89. 71 Ophthalmology - p. 721 90. 72 Otorhinolaryngology - p. 736 91. 73 Gastroenterology—Oral Cavity, Esophagus, and Stomach - p. 752 92. 74 Gastroenterology—Small Intestine, Exocrine Pancreas, and Large Intestine - p. 761 93. 75 Gastroenterology—Cloaca - p. 775 94. 76 Pulmonology - p. 786 95. 77 Neurology - p. 805 96. 78 Oncology - p. 827 97. 79 Endocrinology - p. 835 98. 80 Theriogenology - p. 849 99. Anatomy and Physiology - p. 849 100. Reproductive Cycles - p. 853 101. Fecundity and Clutch Dynamics - p. 854 102. Courtship - p. 854 103. Copulation - p. 855 104. Fertilization - p. 855 105. Reproductive Strategies - p. 855 106. Sexual Maturity - p. 857 107. Sex Identification - p. 857 108. Captive Breeding - p. 865 109. Artificial Insemination - p. 870 110. Reproductive Diseases - p. 872 111. Common Reproductive Diseases/Disorders - p. 876 112. References - p. 893.e1 113. 81 Musculoskeletal System - p. 894 114. 82 Vascular, Hematopoietic, and Immune Systems - p. 917 115. 83 Clinical Behavioral Medicine - p. 922 116. 84 Nutritional Diseases - p. 932 117. 85 Perinatology - p. 951 118. 86 Geriatric Medicine - p. 960 119. 87 Emergency and Critical Care - p. 967 120. 88 Toxicology - p. 977 121. 89 Amphibian Medicine - p. 992 122. Section 10 Surgery - p. 1013.e3 123. 90 Surgical Equipment, Instrumentation, and General Principles - p. 1014 124. 91 Eye - p. 1024 125. 92 Ear - p. 1028 126. 93 Rhinarium - p. 1031 127. 94 Oral Cavity, Mandible, Maxilla, and Beak - p. 1033 128. 95 Venomoid Surgery - p. 1040 129. 96 Integument - p. 1042 130. 97 Snake Coeliotomy - p. 1044 131. 98 Lizard Coeliotomy - p. 1047 132. 99 Chelonian Prefemoral Coeliotomy - p. 1054 133. 100 Chelonian Transplastron Coeliotomy - p. 1057 134. 101 Crocodilian Coeliotomy - p. 1062 135. 102 Lower Respiratory Tract - p. 1065 136. 103 Gastrointestinal Tract - p. 1068 137. 104 Urinary Tract - p. 1071 138. 105 Reproductive Tract - p. 1077 139. 106 Cloacal Prolapse - p. 1090 140. 107 Amphibian Soft Tissue Surgery - p. 1096 141. 108 Orthopedic Principles and External Coaptation - p. 1100 142. 109 Fracture Fixation and Arthrodesis - p. 1104 143. 110 Skull and Spinal Fracture Repair - p. 1109 144. 111 Limb Amputation - p. 1111 145. 112 Tail Amputation - p. 1113 146. 113 Shell Surgery and Repair - p. 1116 147. Section 11 Therapy - p. 1126.e1 148. 114 Therapeutic Overview and General Approach - p. 1127 149. 115 Routes of Administration - p. 1130 150. 116 Antibiotic Therapy - p. 1139 151. 117 Antifungal Therapy - p. 1155 152. 118 Antiviral Therapy - p. 1160 153. 119 Antiinflammatory Therapy - p. 1162 154. 120 Antiparasitic Therapy - p. 1165 155. 121 Mental Health Treatment (Psychopharmacology and Behavior Therapy) - p. 1171 156. 122 Nutritional Therapy - p. 1173 157. 123 Cancer Chemotherapy - p. 1177 158. 124 Radiation Therapy - p. 1182 159. 125 Miscellaneous Drug Therapy - p. 1185 160. 126 Allometric Scaling - p. 1186 161. 127 Reptile Formulary - p. 1191 162. 128 Amphibian Formulary - p. 1212 163. 129 Photobiomodulation (Low-Level Laser Therapy) - p. 1221 164. 130 Wound Management - p. 1225 165. 131 Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation - p. 1232 166. 132 Complementary and Integrative Veterinary Therapies - p. 1240 167. Section 12 Differential Diagnoses by Clinical Signs - p. 1248.e1 168. 133 Differential Diagnoses by Clinical Signs—Snakes - p. 1249 169. 134 Differential Diagnoses by Clinical Signs—Lizards - p. 1257 170. 135 Differential Diagnoses by Clinical Signs—Chelonians - p. 1266 171. 136 Differential Diagnoses by Clinical Signs—Crocodilians - p. 1276 172. 137 Differential Diagnoses by Clinical Signs—Amphibians - p. 1283 173. Section 13 Specific Disease/Case Summary - p. 1287.e1 174. 138 Abscesses/Fibriscesses - p. 1288 175. 139 Acariasis - p. 1290 176. 140 Amphibian Chytridiomycosis - p. 1292 177. 141 Aural/Tympanic Abscessation - p. 1294 178. 142 Bite Wounds and Prey-Induced Trauma - p. 1295 179. 143 Cloacal Prolapse - p. 1297 180. 144 Cloacal Scent Gland Adenitis - p. 1299 181. 145 Diarrhea - p. 1301 182. 146 Digit Abnormalities - p. 1302 183. 147 Dysecdysis - p. 1304 184. 148 Dystocia and Follicular Stasis - p. 1306 185. 149 Gout - p. 1308 186. 150 Hemoparasites - p. 1310 187. 151 Hepatic Lipidosis - p. 1312 188. 152 Hyperglycemia - p. 1314 189. 153 Hypovitaminosis and Hypervitaminosis A - p. 1316 190. 154 Inclusion Body Disease (Reptarenavirus) - p. 1318 191. 155 Lizard Cryptosporidiosis - p. 1320 192. 156 Neurological Disorders - p. 1322 193. 157 Nutritional Secondary Hyperparathyroidism - p. 1326 194. 158 Paramyxoviruses (Ferlaviruses) - p. 1328 195. 159 Periodontal Disease - p. 1329 196. 160 Pneumonia - p. 1331 197. 161 Pseudogout - p. 1333 198. 162 Renal Disease - p. 1335 199. 163 Salmonellosis - p. 1337 200. 164 Shell Abnormalities - p. 1339 201. 165 Snake Cryptosporidiosis - p. 1341 202. 166 Spinal Osteopathy - p. 1343 203. 167 Stomatitis - p. 1345 204. 168 Tail Abnormalities - p. 1347 205. 169 Testudinid Herpesviruses - p. 1349 206. 170 Thermal Burns - p. 1351 207. 171 Tortoise Mycoplasmosis - p. 1353 208. 172 Urolithiasis (Cystic Calculi and Cloacal Uroliths) - p. 1355 209. 173 Vomiting and Regurgitation - p. 1357 210. Section 14 Population and Public Health - p. 1358 211. 174 Zoonoses and Public Health - p. 1359 212. 175 Working With Free-Ranging Amphibians and Reptiles - p. 1366 213. 176 Medical Management and Rehabilitation of Sea Turtles - p. 1382 214. 177 Commercial Reptile Farming - p. 1389 215. 178 Large Zoo and Private Collection Management - p. 1398 216. 179 Breeders, Wholesalers, and Retailers - p. 1406 217. 180 Laboratory Management and Medicine - p. 1414 218. 181 Conservation - p. 1421 219. 182 Herpetofauna and Ecosystem Health - p. 1429 220. Section 15 Legal Topics - p. 1432.e2 221. 183 Laws and Regulations—International - p. 1433 222. 184 Laws and Regulations—Europe - p. 1447 223. 185 Laws and Regulations—Americas - p. 1456 224. 186 Forensics - p. 1464 225. 187 Jurisprudence, Expert Reports, Testimony, and Court Appearance - p. 1476 226. Index - p. 1481
Mader's Reptile and Amphibian Medicine and Surgery Known as "the bible" of herpetological medicine and surgery, Mader’s Reptile and Amphibian Medicine and Surgery, 3rd Edition edited by Stephen Divers and Scott Stahl provides a complete veterinary reference for reptiles and amphibians, including specific sections on practice management and development; taxonomy, anatomy, physiology, behavior, stress and welfare; captive husbandry and management including nutrition, heating and lighting; infectious diseases and laboratory sciences; clinical techniques and procedures; sedation, anesthesia and analgesia; diagnostic imaging; endoscopy; medicine; surgery; therapy; differential diagnoses by clinical signs; specific disease/condition summaries; population health and public health; and legal topics. Well-organized and concise, this new edition covers just about everything related to reptiles and amphibians by utilizing an international array of contributing authors that were selected based on their recognized specialization and expertise, bringing a truly global perspective to this essential text!
1. Cover image - p. i 2. Title Page - p. i 3. Table of Contents - p. i 4. Copyright - p. iv 5. Dedication - p. v 6. Contributors - p. vii 7. Foreword - p. xviii 8. Preface - p. xix 9. Acknowledgments - p. xx 10. Section 1 Practice Management and Development - p. xxii 11. 1 Developing a Successful Herpetological Veterinary Service - p. 1 12. 2 Reference Resources for the Herpetological Clinician - p. 8 13. 3 Understanding the Human-Herp Relationship - p. 11 14. 4 Specialization - p. 16 15. 5 The Importance of Herpetological Publication by Clinicians and Academics - p. 22 16. 6 Statistics for the Clinician Scientist - p. 26 17. Section 2 Biology (Taxonomy, Anatomy, Physiology, and Behavior) - p. 30.e1 18. 7 Chelonian Taxonomy, Anatomy, and Physiology - p. 31 19. 8 Snake Taxonomy, Anatomy, and Physiology - p. 50 20. 9 Lizard Taxonomy, Anatomy, and Physiology - p. 63 21. 10 Crocodilian Taxonomy, Anatomy, and Physiology - p. 75 22. 11 Tuatara Taxonomy, Anatomy, and Physiology - p. 83 23. 12 Amphibian Taxonomy, Anatomy, and Physiology - p. 86 24. 13 Natural Behavior - p. 90 25. 14 Behavioral Training and Enrichment of Reptiles - p. 100 26. 15 Stress and Welfare - p. 105 27. Section 3 Husbandry and Management - p. 108.e1 28. 16 General Husbandry and Management - p. 109 29. 17 Environmental Lighting - p. 131 30. 18 Disinfection - p. 139 31. 19 Quarantine - p. 142 32. 20 Snakes - p. 145 33. 21 Lizards - p. 152 34. 22 Venomous Species - p. 162 35. 23 Tortoises, Freshwater Turtles, and Terrapins - p. 168 36. 24 Sea Turtles - p. 180 37. 25 Crocodilians - p. 194 38. 26 Tuatara - p. 199 39. 27 Nutrition - p. 201 40. 28 Amphibians - p. 224 41. Section 4 Infectious Diseases and Laboratory Sciences - p. 234.e1 42. 29 Bacteriology - p. 235 43. 30 Virology - p. 247 44. 31 Mycology - p. 270 45. 32 Parasitology (Including Hemoparasites) - p. 281 46. 33 Hematology - p. 301 47. 34 Clinical Chemistry - p. 319 48. 35 Hematology and Biochemistry Tables - p. 333 49. 36 Molecular Infectious Disease Diagnostics - p. 351 50. 37 Immunopathology - p. 356 51. 38 Cytology - p. 361 52. 39 Biopsy - p. 365 53. 40 Necropsy - p. 368 54. 41 Diagnostic Laboratory Listing - p. 376 55. Section 5 Techniques and Procedures - p. 384 56. 42 Medical History and Physical Examination - p. 385 57. 43 Diagnostic Techniques and Sample Collection - p. 405 58. 44 Catheter Placement - p. 422 59. 45 Esophagostomy Tube Placement - p. 429 60. 46 Hospitalization - p. 432 61. 47 Euthanasia - p. 437 62. Section 6 Anesthesia - p. 440.e1 63. 48 Sedation - p. 441 64. 49 General Anesthesia - p. 447 65. 50 Analgesia - p. 465 66. 51 Regional Anesthesia and Analgesia - p. 475 67. 52 Amphibian Anesthesia - p. 480 68. Section 7 Diagnostic Imaging - p. 485.e1 69. 53 Radiography—General Principles - p. 486 70. 54 Radiography—Lizards - p. 491 71. 55 Radiography—Snakes - p. 503 72. 56 Radiography—Chelonians - p. 514 73. 57 Radiography—Crocodilians - p. 528 74. 58 Ultrasonography - p. 543 75. 59 Computed Tomography - p. 560 76. 60 Magnetic Resonance Imaging - p. 571 77. 61 Scintigraphy - p. 586 78. Section 8 Endoscopy - p. 588.e1 79. 62 Diagnostic and Surgical Endoscopy Equipment - p. 589 80. 63 Endoscopy Practice Management (Fee Structures and Marketing) - p. 600 81. 64 Diagnostic Endoscopy - p. 604 82. 65 Endoscope-Assisted and Endoscopic Surgery - p. 615 83. Section 9 Medicine - p. 623.e1 84. 66 Urology - p. 624 85. 67 Hepatology - p. 649 86. 68 Cardiology - p. 669 87. 69 Dermatology—Skin - p. 699 88. 70 Dermatology—Shell - p. 712 89. 71 Ophthalmology - p. 721 90. 72 Otorhinolaryngology - p. 736 91. 73 Gastroenterology—Oral Cavity, Esophagus, and Stomach - p. 752 92. 74 Gastroenterology—Small Intestine, Exocrine Pancreas, and Large Intestine - p. 761 93. 75 Gastroenterology—Cloaca - p. 775 94. 76 Pulmonology - p. 786 95. 77 Neurology - p. 805 96. 78 Oncology - p. 827 97. 79 Endocrinology - p. 835 98. 80 Theriogenology - p. 849 99. Anatomy and Physiology - p. 849 100. Reproductive Cycles - p. 853 101. Fecundity and Clutch Dynamics - p. 854 102. Courtship - p. 854 103. Copulation - p. 855 104. Fertilization - p. 855 105. Reproductive Strategies - p. 855 106. Sexual Maturity - p. 857 107. Sex Identification - p. 857 108. Captive Breeding - p. 865 109. Artificial Insemination - p. 870 110. Reproductive Diseases - p. 872 111. Common Reproductive Diseases/Disorders - p. 876 112. References - p. 893.e1 113. 81 Musculoskeletal System - p. 894 114. 82 Vascular, Hematopoietic, and Immune Systems - p. 917 115. 83 Clinical Behavioral Medicine - p. 922 116. 84 Nutritional Diseases - p. 932 117. 85 Perinatology - p. 951 118. 86 Geriatric Medicine - p. 960 119. 87 Emergency and Critical Care - p. 967 120. 88 Toxicology - p. 977 121. 89 Amphibian Medicine - p. 992 122. Section 10 Surgery - p. 1013.e3 123. 90 Surgical Equipment, Instrumentation, and General Principles - p. 1014 124. 91 Eye - p. 1024 125. 92 Ear - p. 1028 126. 93 Rhinarium - p. 1031 127. 94 Oral Cavity, Mandible, Maxilla, and Beak - p. 1033 128. 95 Venomoid Surgery - p. 1040 129. 96 Integument - p. 1042 130. 97 Snake Coeliotomy - p. 1044 131. 98 Lizard Coeliotomy - p. 1047 132. 99 Chelonian Prefemoral Coeliotomy - p. 1054 133. 100 Chelonian Transplastron Coeliotomy - p. 1057 134. 101 Crocodilian Coeliotomy - p. 1062 135. 102 Lower Respiratory Tract - p. 1065 136. 103 Gastrointestinal Tract - p. 1068 137. 104 Urinary Tract - p. 1071 138. 105 Reproductive Tract - p. 1077 139. 106 Cloacal Prolapse - p. 1090 140. 107 Amphibian Soft Tissue Surgery - p. 1096 141. 108 Orthopedic Principles and External Coaptation - p. 1100 142. 109 Fracture Fixation and Arthrodesis - p. 1104 143. 110 Skull and Spinal Fracture Repair - p. 1109 144. 111 Limb Amputation - p. 1111 145. 112 Tail Amputation - p. 1113 146. 113 Shell Surgery and Repair - p. 1116 147. Section 11 Therapy - p. 1126.e1 148. 114 Therapeutic Overview and General Approach - p. 1127 149. 115 Routes of Administration - p. 1130 150. 116 Antibiotic Therapy - p. 1139 151. 117 Antifungal Therapy - p. 1155 152. 118 Antiviral Therapy - p. 1160 153. 119 Antiinflammatory Therapy - p. 1162 154. 120 Antiparasitic Therapy - p. 1165 155. 121 Mental Health Treatment (Psychopharmacology and Behavior Therapy) - p. 1171 156. 122 Nutritional Therapy - p. 1173 157. 123 Cancer Chemotherapy - p. 1177 158. 124 Radiation Therapy - p. 1182 159. 125 Miscellaneous Drug Therapy - p. 1185 160. 126 Allometric Scaling - p. 1186 161. 127 Reptile Formulary - p. 1191 162. 128 Amphibian Formulary - p. 1212 163. 129 Photobiomodulation (Low-Level Laser Therapy) - p. 1221 164. 130 Wound Management - p. 1225 165. 131 Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation - p. 1232 166. 132 Complementary and Integrative Veterinary Therapies - p. 1240 167. Section 12 Differential Diagnoses by Clinical Signs - p. 1248.e1 168. 133 Differential Diagnoses by Clinical Signs—Snakes - p. 1249 169. 134 Differential Diagnoses by Clinical Signs—Lizards - p. 1257 170. 135 Differential Diagnoses by Clinical Signs—Chelonians - p. 1266 171. 136 Differential Diagnoses by Clinical Signs—Crocodilians - p. 1276 172. 137 Differential Diagnoses by Clinical Signs—Amphibians - p. 1283 173. Section 13 Specific Disease/Case Summary - p. 1287.e1 174. 138 Abscesses/Fibriscesses - p. 1288 175. 139 Acariasis - p. 1290 176. 140 Amphibian Chytridiomycosis - p. 1292 177. 141 Aural/Tympanic Abscessation - p. 1294 178. 142 Bite Wounds and Prey-Induced Trauma - p. 1295 179. 143 Cloacal Prolapse - p. 1297 180. 144 Cloacal Scent Gland Adenitis - p. 1299 181. 145 Diarrhea - p. 1301 182. 146 Digit Abnormalities - p. 1302 183. 147 Dysecdysis - p. 1304 184. 148 Dystocia and Follicular Stasis - p. 1306 185. 149 Gout - p. 1308 186. 150 Hemoparasites - p. 1310 187. 151 Hepatic Lipidosis - p. 1312 188. 152 Hyperglycemia - p. 1314 189. 153 Hypovitaminosis and Hypervitaminosis A - p. 1316 190. 154 Inclusion Body Disease (Reptarenavirus) - p. 1318 191. 155 Lizard Cryptosporidiosis - p. 1320 192. 156 Neurological Disorders - p. 1322 193. 157 Nutritional Secondary Hyperparathyroidism - p. 1326 194. 158 Paramyxoviruses (Ferlaviruses) - p. 1328 195. 159 Periodontal Disease - p. 1329 196. 160 Pneumonia - p. 1331 197. 161 Pseudogout - p. 1333 198. 162 Renal Disease - p. 1335 199. 163 Salmonellosis - p. 1337 200. 164 Shell Abnormalities - p. 1339 201. 165 Snake Cryptosporidiosis - p. 1341 202. 166 Spinal Osteopathy - p. 1343 203. 167 Stomatitis - p. 1345 204. 168 Tail Abnormalities - p. 1347 205. 169 Testudinid Herpesviruses - p. 1349 206. 170 Thermal Burns - p. 1351 207. 171 Tortoise Mycoplasmosis - p. 1353 208. 172 Urolithiasis (Cystic Calculi and Cloacal Uroliths) - p. 1355 209. 173 Vomiting and Regurgitation - p. 1357 210. Section 14 Population and Public Health - p. 1358 211. 174 Zoonoses and Public Health - p. 1359 212. 175 Working With Free-Ranging Amphibians and Reptiles - p. 1366 213. 176 Medical Management and Rehabilitation of Sea Turtles - p. 1382 214. 177 Commercial Reptile Farming - p. 1389 215. 178 Large Zoo and Private Collection Management - p. 1398 216. 179 Breeders, Wholesalers, and Retailers - p. 1406 217. 180 Laboratory Management and Medicine - p. 1414 218. 181 Conservation - p. 1421 219. 182 Herpetofauna and Ecosystem Health - p. 1429 220. Section 15 Legal Topics - p. 1432.e2 221. 183 Laws and Regulations—International - p. 1433 222. 184 Laws and Regulations—Europe - p. 1447 223. 185 Laws and Regulations—Americas - p. 1456 224. 186 Forensics - p. 1464 225. 187 Jurisprudence, Expert Reports, Testimony, and Court Appearance - p. 1476 226. Index - p. 1481
