Mass Production of Beneficial Organisms: Invertebrates and Entomopathogens, Second Edition explores the latest advancements and technologies for large-scale rearing and manipulation of natural enemies while presenting ways of improving success rate, predictability of biological control procedures, and demonstrating their safe and effective use. Organized into three sections, Parasitoids and Predators, Pathogens, and Invertebrates for Other Applications, this second edition contains important new information on production technology of predatory mites and hymenopteran parasitoids for biological control, application of insects in the food industry and production methods of insects for feed and food, and production of bumble bees for pollination.
Beneficial organisms include not only insect predators and parasitoids, but also mite predators, nematodes, fungi, bacteria and viruses. In the past two decades, tremendous advances have been achieved in developing technology for producing these organisms. Despite that and the globally growing research and interest in biological control and biotechnology applications, commercialization of these technologies is still in progress. This is an essential reference and teaching tool for researchers in developed and developing countries working to produce “natural enemies in biological control and integrated pest management programs.
1. Chapter 1 Introduction - p. 3 2. Chapter 2 Production of coleopteran predators - p. 13 3. Chapter 3 Production of heteropteran predators - p. 37 4. Chapter 4 Production of dipteran parasitoids - p. 71 5. Chapter 5 Production of hymenopteran parasitoids - p. 101 6. 5.1: Introduction - p. 101 7. 5.2: Mass rearing of aphelinid parasitoids of the silverleaf whitefly - p. 102 8. 5.3: Laboratory culture - p. 102 9. 5.4: Outdoor field cage production - p. 105 10. 5.5: Large-scale greenhouse-based system - p. 106 11. 5.6: Final remarks - p. 112 12. 5.7: Production of Tamarixia radiata Watson parasitoid of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama - p. 112 13. 5.8: Diaphorina citri - p. 113 14. 5.9: Tamarixia radiata - p. 114 15. 5.10: Mass production - p. 116 16. 5.11: Host plant production - p. 117 17. 5.12: Production of Murraya paniculata - p. 122 18. 5.13: Sowing - p. 122 19. 5.14: Host insect production - p. 123 20. 5.15: Parasitoid production - p. 125 21. 5.16: Breeds of Tamarixia radiata established in other countries - p. 128 22. 5.17: Production of parasitoids of muscoid flies - p. 134 23. 5.18: Host production - p. 135 24. 5.19: Parasitoid rearing and housing - p. 136 25. 5.20: Production of Catolaccus grandis (Burks) parasitoid of the boll weevil - p. 140 26. 5.21: Final remarks and future perspective - p. 148 27. USDA disclaimer - p. 148 28. References - p. 148 29. Further reading - p. 155 30. Chapter 6 Mass-production of arthropods for biological control of weeds: a global perspective - p. 157 31. Chapter 7 Mass production of predatory mites: state of the art and future challenges - p. 195 32. Chapter 8 Artificial diet development for entomophagous arthropods - p. 233 33. Chapter 9 Concepts and methods of quality assurance for mass-reared parasitoids and predators - p. 261 34. Chapter 10 Production of entomopathogenic nematodes - p. 293 35. Chapter 11 Mass production of entomopathogenic fungi—state of the art** Mention of trade names or commercial products in this chapter is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the author. - p. 317 36. Chapter 12 Commercial production of entomopathogenic bacteria - p. 359 37. Chapter 13 Production of entomopathogenic viruses - p. 375 38. Chapter 14 Formulations of entomopathogens as bioinsecticides - p. 407 39. Chapter 15 Mass production of entomopathogens in less industrialized countries - p. 431 40. Chapter 16 Potential and challenges for the use of insects as feed for aquaculture - p. 465 41. Chapter 17 The role of insects for poultry feed: present and future perspective - p. 493 42. Chapter 18 Insects as food for insectivores - p. 511 43. Chapter 19 Production of solitary bees for pollination in the United States - p. 541 44. Chapter 20 Production of bumblebees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) for pollination and research - p. 559 45. Chapter 21 Current and potential benefits of mass earthworm culture - p. 581 46. Index - p. 599
Mass Production of Beneficial Organisms: Invertebrates and Entomopathogens, Second Edition explores the latest advancements and technologies for large-scale rearing and manipulation of natural enemies while presenting ways of improving success rate, predictability of biological control procedures, and demonstrating their safe and effective use. Organized into three sections, Parasitoids and Predators, Pathogens, and Invertebrates for Other Applications, this second edition contains important new information on production technology of predatory mites and hymenopteran parasitoids for biological control, application of insects in the food industry and production methods of insects for feed and food, and production of bumble bees for pollination.
Beneficial organisms include not only insect predators and parasitoids, but also mite predators, nematodes, fungi, bacteria and viruses. In the past two decades, tremendous advances have been achieved in developing technology for producing these organisms. Despite that and the globally growing research and interest in biological control and biotechnology applications, commercialization of these technologies is still in progress. This is an essential reference and teaching tool for researchers in developed and developing countries working to produce “natural enemies in biological control and integrated pest management programs.
1. Chapter 1 Introduction - p. 3 2. Chapter 2 Production of coleopteran predators - p. 13 3. Chapter 3 Production of heteropteran predators - p. 37 4. Chapter 4 Production of dipteran parasitoids - p. 71 5. Chapter 5 Production of hymenopteran parasitoids - p. 101 6. 5.1: Introduction - p. 101 7. 5.2: Mass rearing of aphelinid parasitoids of the silverleaf whitefly - p. 102 8. 5.3: Laboratory culture - p. 102 9. 5.4: Outdoor field cage production - p. 105 10. 5.5: Large-scale greenhouse-based system - p. 106 11. 5.6: Final remarks - p. 112 12. 5.7: Production of Tamarixia radiata Watson parasitoid of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama - p. 112 13. 5.8: Diaphorina citri - p. 113 14. 5.9: Tamarixia radiata - p. 114 15. 5.10: Mass production - p. 116 16. 5.11: Host plant production - p. 117 17. 5.12: Production of Murraya paniculata - p. 122 18. 5.13: Sowing - p. 122 19. 5.14: Host insect production - p. 123 20. 5.15: Parasitoid production - p. 125 21. 5.16: Breeds of Tamarixia radiata established in other countries - p. 128 22. 5.17: Production of parasitoids of muscoid flies - p. 134 23. 5.18: Host production - p. 135 24. 5.19: Parasitoid rearing and housing - p. 136 25. 5.20: Production of Catolaccus grandis (Burks) parasitoid of the boll weevil - p. 140 26. 5.21: Final remarks and future perspective - p. 148 27. USDA disclaimer - p. 148 28. References - p. 148 29. Further reading - p. 155 30. Chapter 6 Mass-production of arthropods for biological control of weeds: a global perspective - p. 157 31. Chapter 7 Mass production of predatory mites: state of the art and future challenges - p. 195 32. Chapter 8 Artificial diet development for entomophagous arthropods - p. 233 33. Chapter 9 Concepts and methods of quality assurance for mass-reared parasitoids and predators - p. 261 34. Chapter 10 Production of entomopathogenic nematodes - p. 293 35. Chapter 11 Mass production of entomopathogenic fungi—state of the art** Mention of trade names or commercial products in this chapter is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the author. - p. 317 36. Chapter 12 Commercial production of entomopathogenic bacteria - p. 359 37. Chapter 13 Production of entomopathogenic viruses - p. 375 38. Chapter 14 Formulations of entomopathogens as bioinsecticides - p. 407 39. Chapter 15 Mass production of entomopathogens in less industrialized countries - p. 431 40. Chapter 16 Potential and challenges for the use of insects as feed for aquaculture - p. 465 41. Chapter 17 The role of insects for poultry feed: present and future perspective - p. 493 42. Chapter 18 Insects as food for insectivores - p. 511 43. Chapter 19 Production of solitary bees for pollination in the United States - p. 541 44. Chapter 20 Production of bumblebees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) for pollination and research - p. 559 45. Chapter 21 Current and potential benefits of mass earthworm culture - p. 581 46. Index - p. 599
