Medicinal Plant Research in Africa, second edition is an updated and complete reference on the pharmacology of most relevant African species and their phytochemical properties. Although pharmacopoeias of most African countries are available and contain an impressive number of medicinal plants used for various therapeutic purposes, however there was no global standard book on the nature and specificity of chemicals isolated in African medicinal plants. This book has set the standard when it first published in 2013 and now is updated with novel phytochemicals belonging to diverse classes of terpenoids, phenolics, and alkaloids. The first chapter cover monoterpenes and related phytochemicals and is followed by sesquiterpenes on chapter two. Chapter tri reviews diterpenoids and chapter four provides an overview of triterpenes and steroids. Essential oils, simple phenols, phenolic acids and related esters come next in chapters five and six, respectively. The following chapters cover coumarins, flavonoids, quinones, xanthones, lignans and stilbenes. Tannins, alkaloids, and ceramides. Chapters 15 to 20 focus on specific health conditions starting with antibiotic infection, antimalarial and other antiprotozoal diseases, cytotoxic and anticancer activity, anti-inflammatory and analgesic action, antidiabetic botanicals and the applications of African plant phytochemicals on reproductive, cardiovascular, and central nervous systems conditions. The final chapter covers the market and industry updates since the first edition published. "Medicinal Plant Research in Africa, 2 Ed." provides a complete overview of the main phytochemical principles present in the African flora and their pharmaceutical use. Pharmaceutical scientists, Ethnopharmacists, botanists, and medicinal chemists will benefit from the content organization and the inclusion of the most recent methods for structural identification of phytochemicals, pharmacological techniques, and data interpretation.
1. Introduction - p. 1 2. Structural elucidation of monoterpenes - p. 1 3. Update of monoterpenes identified by GC-MS and isolated from African medicinal plants - p. 8 4. Update of pharmacological activities of monoterpenes isolated from African medicinal plants and essential oils from African medicinal plants from 2013 to 2023 - p. 40 5. Conclusion - p. 52 6. Chapter 2. Sesquiterpenes reported from the medicinal plants of Africa from 2013 to 2023 and their pharmacology - p. 55 7. Chapter 3. Review of diterpenoids from the medicinal plants of Africa - p. 93 8. Chapter 4. Triterpenes and steroids from the medicinal plants of Africa - p. 115 9. Introduction - p. 115 10. Method of purification and isolation of triterpenes and steroids - p. 115 11. New triterpenes and steroids isolated from the medicinal plants of Africa - p. 130 12. Triterpenes and steroids isolated from African medicinal plants with their biological activities - p. 130 13. Conclusions - p. 153 14. List of abbreviations - p. 154 15. Chapter 5. Essential oils from the medicinal plants of Africa - p. 159 16. Introduction - p. 159 17. Chemical characterization of essential - p. 159 18. Established essential oils from African medicinal plants - p. 161 19. Biological activity of essential oils from African medicinal plants: An update of 2013–23 findings - p. 161 20. Antimicrobial activities - p. 161 21. Antidiabetic activities - p. 221 22. Antihypertensive activity - p. 221 23. Antioxidant activities - p. 221 24. Antimalarial effects - p. 223 25. Anxiolytic, sedative, and anticonvulsant activities - p. 223 26. Brine shrimp assay - p. 223 27. Cytotoxicity - p. 224 28. Insecticidal activity - p. 224 29. Pain model: Antiinflammatory and antinociceptive activities - p. 225 30. Conclusions - p. 226 31. Chapter 6. Simple phenols, phenolic acids, related esters from the medicinal plants of Africa, and potential drug discovery since 2013 - p. 251 32. Introduction - p. 251 33. Structural elucidation of simple phenols, phenolic acids, and related esters - p. 251 34. Update of phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of new and known simple phenols, phenolic acids, and related esters isolated from African medicinal plants - p. 252 35. Conclusions - p. 278 36. Chapter 7. Coumarins and related compounds from the medicinal plants of Africa and drug discovery - p. 287 37. Chapter 8. Flavonoids, isoflavonoids, and related phytochemicals from the medicinal plants of Africa - p. 325 38. Introduction - p. 325 39. Structural elucidation of flavonoids, isoflavonoids, and related phytochemicals - p. 325 40. Update of flavonoids, isoflavonoids, and related compounds isolated from African medicinal plants - p. 328 41. Update of pharmacological activities of flavonoids, isoflavonoids, and related compounds isolated from African medicinal plants - p. 328 42. Conclusions - p. 405 43. Chapter 9. Quinones and benzophenones identified from the medicinal plants of Africa - p. 415 44. Chapter 10. Xanthones identified in the medicinal plants of Africa - p. 435 45. Chapter 11. Chemistry and pharmacology of lignans and stilbenes reported in African medicinal plants - p. 465 46. Chapter 12. Tannins and related compounds from medicinal plants of Africa - p. 499 47. Introduction - p. 499 48. Biosynthesis and structural diversity - p. 519 49. Pharmacological activity of tannins and their monomers isolated from African plants - p. 525 50. New tannins isolated in African medicinal plants - p. 529 51. Other tannins or tannin monomers from African medicinal plants - p. 544 52. Chapter 13. Alkaloids from the medicinal plants of Africa - p. 571 53. Chapter 14. Ceramides, cerebrosides, and related long chains containing derivatives identified from the medicinal plants of Africa - p. 605 54. Chapter 15. Update of the antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral botanicals and phytochemicals from the flora of Africa - p. 617 55. Chapter 16. Antimalarial and other antiprotozoal products from African medicinal plants - p. 643 56. Chapter 17. Cytotoxic and anticancer botanicals and phytochemicals of the flora of Africa - p. 661 57. Chapter 18. Antiinflammatory, modulatory and analgesic activities of African medicinal plants and their derivatives - p. 689 58. Chapter 19. Antidiabetic botanicals and phytochemicals from African medicinal plants: An update of 10years findings - p. 709 59. Introduction - p. 709 60. State-of-the-art in global treatment of diabetes - p. 710 61. Antidiabetic activity of African medicinal plants: An update - p. 714 62. Anthocleista djalonensis (Gentianaceae) - p. 730 63. Artemisia herba-alba (Asteraceae) - p. 730 64. Citrus sinensis (Rutaceae) - p. 730 65. Gongronema latifolium (Asclepiadaceae) - p. 730 66. Moringa oleifera (Moringaceae) - p. 731 67. Ocimum gratissimum (Lamiaceae) - p. 731 68. Picralima nitida (Apocynaceae) - p. 731 69. Vernonia amygdalina (Asteraceae) - p. 731 70. Warionia saharae (Compositae) - p. 732 71. Xylopia aethiopica (Annonaceae) - p. 732 72. Polyherbal formulations from African medicinal plants - p. 732 73. Clinical trials on the antidiabetic potential of African medicinal plants - p. 734 74. Antidiabetic compounds identified in African medicinal plants - p. 736 75. Future perspectives for antidiabetics from African medicinal plants - p. 739 76. Conclusion - p. 739 77. Abbreviations - p. 739 78. Chapter 20. African medicinal plants acting on the reproductive, cardiovascular, and central nervous systems - p. 749 79. Introduction - p. 749 80. The central nervous system - p. 750 81. The reproductive system - p. 767 82. Cardiovascular system - p. 779 83. Conclusion - p. 789 84. Abbreviations - p. 789 85. Chapter 21. Progress in the medicinal plants market and industry in Africa from 2013 - p. 805 86. Index - p. 823
Medicinal Plant Research in Africa, second edition is an updated and complete reference on the pharmacology of most relevant African species and their phytochemical properties. Although pharmacopoeias of most African countries are available and contain an impressive number of medicinal plants used for various therapeutic purposes, however there was no global standard book on the nature and specificity of chemicals isolated in African medicinal plants. This book has set the standard when it first published in 2013 and now is updated with novel phytochemicals belonging to diverse classes of terpenoids, phenolics, and alkaloids. The first chapter cover monoterpenes and related phytochemicals and is followed by sesquiterpenes on chapter two. Chapter tri reviews diterpenoids and chapter four provides an overview of triterpenes and steroids. Essential oils, simple phenols, phenolic acids and related esters come next in chapters five and six, respectively. The following chapters cover coumarins, flavonoids, quinones, xanthones, lignans and stilbenes. Tannins, alkaloids, and ceramides. Chapters 15 to 20 focus on specific health conditions starting with antibiotic infection, antimalarial and other antiprotozoal diseases, cytotoxic and anticancer activity, anti-inflammatory and analgesic action, antidiabetic botanicals and the applications of African plant phytochemicals on reproductive, cardiovascular, and central nervous systems conditions. The final chapter covers the market and industry updates since the first edition published. "Medicinal Plant Research in Africa, 2 Ed." provides a complete overview of the main phytochemical principles present in the African flora and their pharmaceutical use. Pharmaceutical scientists, Ethnopharmacists, botanists, and medicinal chemists will benefit from the content organization and the inclusion of the most recent methods for structural identification of phytochemicals, pharmacological techniques, and data interpretation.
1. Introduction - p. 1 2. Structural elucidation of monoterpenes - p. 1 3. Update of monoterpenes identified by GC-MS and isolated from African medicinal plants - p. 8 4. Update of pharmacological activities of monoterpenes isolated from African medicinal plants and essential oils from African medicinal plants from 2013 to 2023 - p. 40 5. Conclusion - p. 52 6. Chapter 2. Sesquiterpenes reported from the medicinal plants of Africa from 2013 to 2023 and their pharmacology - p. 55 7. Chapter 3. Review of diterpenoids from the medicinal plants of Africa - p. 93 8. Chapter 4. Triterpenes and steroids from the medicinal plants of Africa - p. 115 9. Introduction - p. 115 10. Method of purification and isolation of triterpenes and steroids - p. 115 11. New triterpenes and steroids isolated from the medicinal plants of Africa - p. 130 12. Triterpenes and steroids isolated from African medicinal plants with their biological activities - p. 130 13. Conclusions - p. 153 14. List of abbreviations - p. 154 15. Chapter 5. Essential oils from the medicinal plants of Africa - p. 159 16. Introduction - p. 159 17. Chemical characterization of essential - p. 159 18. Established essential oils from African medicinal plants - p. 161 19. Biological activity of essential oils from African medicinal plants: An update of 2013–23 findings - p. 161 20. Antimicrobial activities - p. 161 21. Antidiabetic activities - p. 221 22. Antihypertensive activity - p. 221 23. Antioxidant activities - p. 221 24. Antimalarial effects - p. 223 25. Anxiolytic, sedative, and anticonvulsant activities - p. 223 26. Brine shrimp assay - p. 223 27. Cytotoxicity - p. 224 28. Insecticidal activity - p. 224 29. Pain model: Antiinflammatory and antinociceptive activities - p. 225 30. Conclusions - p. 226 31. Chapter 6. Simple phenols, phenolic acids, related esters from the medicinal plants of Africa, and potential drug discovery since 2013 - p. 251 32. Introduction - p. 251 33. Structural elucidation of simple phenols, phenolic acids, and related esters - p. 251 34. Update of phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of new and known simple phenols, phenolic acids, and related esters isolated from African medicinal plants - p. 252 35. Conclusions - p. 278 36. Chapter 7. Coumarins and related compounds from the medicinal plants of Africa and drug discovery - p. 287 37. Chapter 8. Flavonoids, isoflavonoids, and related phytochemicals from the medicinal plants of Africa - p. 325 38. Introduction - p. 325 39. Structural elucidation of flavonoids, isoflavonoids, and related phytochemicals - p. 325 40. Update of flavonoids, isoflavonoids, and related compounds isolated from African medicinal plants - p. 328 41. Update of pharmacological activities of flavonoids, isoflavonoids, and related compounds isolated from African medicinal plants - p. 328 42. Conclusions - p. 405 43. Chapter 9. Quinones and benzophenones identified from the medicinal plants of Africa - p. 415 44. Chapter 10. Xanthones identified in the medicinal plants of Africa - p. 435 45. Chapter 11. Chemistry and pharmacology of lignans and stilbenes reported in African medicinal plants - p. 465 46. Chapter 12. Tannins and related compounds from medicinal plants of Africa - p. 499 47. Introduction - p. 499 48. Biosynthesis and structural diversity - p. 519 49. Pharmacological activity of tannins and their monomers isolated from African plants - p. 525 50. New tannins isolated in African medicinal plants - p. 529 51. Other tannins or tannin monomers from African medicinal plants - p. 544 52. Chapter 13. Alkaloids from the medicinal plants of Africa - p. 571 53. Chapter 14. Ceramides, cerebrosides, and related long chains containing derivatives identified from the medicinal plants of Africa - p. 605 54. Chapter 15. Update of the antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral botanicals and phytochemicals from the flora of Africa - p. 617 55. Chapter 16. Antimalarial and other antiprotozoal products from African medicinal plants - p. 643 56. Chapter 17. Cytotoxic and anticancer botanicals and phytochemicals of the flora of Africa - p. 661 57. Chapter 18. Antiinflammatory, modulatory and analgesic activities of African medicinal plants and their derivatives - p. 689 58. Chapter 19. Antidiabetic botanicals and phytochemicals from African medicinal plants: An update of 10years findings - p. 709 59. Introduction - p. 709 60. State-of-the-art in global treatment of diabetes - p. 710 61. Antidiabetic activity of African medicinal plants: An update - p. 714 62. Anthocleista djalonensis (Gentianaceae) - p. 730 63. Artemisia herba-alba (Asteraceae) - p. 730 64. Citrus sinensis (Rutaceae) - p. 730 65. Gongronema latifolium (Asclepiadaceae) - p. 730 66. Moringa oleifera (Moringaceae) - p. 731 67. Ocimum gratissimum (Lamiaceae) - p. 731 68. Picralima nitida (Apocynaceae) - p. 731 69. Vernonia amygdalina (Asteraceae) - p. 731 70. Warionia saharae (Compositae) - p. 732 71. Xylopia aethiopica (Annonaceae) - p. 732 72. Polyherbal formulations from African medicinal plants - p. 732 73. Clinical trials on the antidiabetic potential of African medicinal plants - p. 734 74. Antidiabetic compounds identified in African medicinal plants - p. 736 75. Future perspectives for antidiabetics from African medicinal plants - p. 739 76. Conclusion - p. 739 77. Abbreviations - p. 739 78. Chapter 20. African medicinal plants acting on the reproductive, cardiovascular, and central nervous systems - p. 749 79. Introduction - p. 749 80. The central nervous system - p. 750 81. The reproductive system - p. 767 82. Cardiovascular system - p. 779 83. Conclusion - p. 789 84. Abbreviations - p. 789 85. Chapter 21. Progress in the medicinal plants market and industry in Africa from 2013 - p. 805 86. Index - p. 823
