Models of Seizures and Epilepsy, Second Edition, is a valuable, practical reference for investigators who are searching for the most appropriate laboratory models to address key questions in the field. The book also provides an important background for physicians, fellows, and students, offering insight into the potential for advances in epilepsy research as well as R&D drug development. Contents include the current spectrum of models available to model different epilepsy syndromes, epilepsy in transgenic animals, comorbidities in models of epilepsy, and novel technologies to study seizures and epilepsies in animals.
1. Part I: Introduction - p. xxvi 2. Chapter 1: What Can We Model? - p. xxvi 3. Chapter 2: Comparative Biology and Species Effects on Expression of Epilepsy - p. 5 4. Chapter 3: Strain Effects on Expression of Seizures and Epilepsy - p. 19 5. Chapter 4: Good Welfare Practice in Modeling Seizures and Epilepsy - p. 38 6. Chapter 5: Ethics in the Use of Animal Models of Seizures and Epilepsy - p. 46 7. Chapter 6: Regulatory Aspects for Drug Development - p. 68 8. Chapter 7: Use of Animal Models for Epilepsy Research and Therapy Development - p. 82 9. Part II: Technical and Methodological Issues - p. 94 10. Chapter 8: Monitoring for Seizures in Rodents - p. 94 11. Chapter 9: Behavioral Characterization and Scoring of Seizures in Rodents - p. 109 12. Chapter 10: Seizure Mimics - p. 123 13. Chapter 11: Characterization of Pathology - p. 137 14. Chapter 12: Monitoring Cardiorespiratory and Other Physiological Parameters During Seizures in Small Animals - p. 160 15. Chapter 13: Behavioral and Cognitive Testing Procedures in Animal Models of Epilepsy - p. 179 16. Chapter 14: In Vivo Imaging in Rodents - p. 196 17. Part III: In Vitro and In Silico Models - p. 215 18. Chapter 15: Hippocampal In Silico Models of Seizures and Epilepsy - p. 215 19. Chapter 16: Neocortical/Thalamic In Silico Models of Seizures and Epilepsy - p. 232 20. Chapter 17: Genetic Epilepsy Modeling With Human Pluripotent Stem Cells - p. 246 21. Chapter 18: Hippocampus In Vitro - p. 260 22. Chapter 19: Thalamic Models of Seizures In Vitro - p. 272 23. Chapter 20: Brain Slices From Human Resected Tissues - p. 284 24. Chapter 21: Organotypic Hippocampal Slice Cultures as a Model of Posttraumatic Epileptogenesis - p. 299 25. Chapter 22: The In Vitro Isolated Guinea Pig Brain in the Study of Ictogenesis - p. 311 26. Part IV: Nonmammalian In Vivo Models - p. 323 27. Chapter 23: Nematode C. elegans: Genetic Dissection of Pathways Regulating Seizure and Epileptic-Like Behaviors - p. 323 28. Chapter 24: Drosophila - p. 344 29. Chapter 25: Xenopus laevis - p. 358 30. Chapter 26: Zebrafish Models of Epilepsy and Epileptic Seizures - p. 367 31. Part V: Naturally Occurring Seizures and Epilepsies in Animals - p. 384 32. Chapter 27: Naturally Occurring Epilepsy and Status Epilepticus in Dogs - p. 384 33. Chapter 28: Naturally Occurring Temporal Lobe Epilepsy in Cats - p. 398 34. Chapter 29: Naturally Occurring Epilepsy and Status Epilepticus in Sea Lions - p. 411 35. Chapter 30: Baboon Model of Genetic Generalized Epilepsy - p. 425 36. Chapter 31: Genetic Models of Reflex Epilepsy and SUDEP in Rats and Mice - p. 440 37. Chapter 32: Genetic Models of Absence Epilepsy in Rats and Mice - p. 453 38. Part VI: In Vivo Mammalian Models of Induced Seizures and Status Epilepticus - p. 471 39. Chapter 33: Electrical Stimulation Seizure Models - p. 471 40. Chapter 34: Systemic Chemoconvulsants Producing Acute Seizures in Adult Rodents - p. 489 41. Chapter 35: Focally Applied Chemoconvulsants - p. 512 42. Chapter 36: Models of Chemically-Induced Acute Seizures and Epilepsy: Toxic Compounds and Drugs of Addiction - p. 527 43. Chapter 37: Pharmacologically Induced Animal Models of Absence Seizures - p. 551 44. Chapter 38: Models of Seizures and Status Epilepticus Early in Life - p. 567 45. Part VII: In Vivo Mammalian Models of Acquired Epilepsies - p. 586 46. Chapter 39: Tetanus Toxin - p. 586 47. Chapter 40: Post-Status Epilepticus Models: Systemic Kainic Acid - p. 598 48. Chapter 41: Poststatus Epilepticus Models: Focal Kainic Acid - p. 610 49. Chapter 42: The Pilocarpine Model of Acquired Epilepsy - p. 624 50. Chapter 43: Post-Status Epilepticus Models: Electrical Stimulation - p. 636 51. Chapter 44: Poststatus Epilepticus Models: Hyperthermia - p. 650 52. Chapter 45: Epilepsy After Traumatic Brain Injury - p. 660 53. Chapter 46: Postinfectious Epilepsy - p. 681 54. Chapter 47: Modeling Hypoxia-Induced Seizures and Hypoxic Encephalopathy in Developing Brain - p. 696 55. Chapter 48: Perinatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy: A Model of Stroke-Induced Pediatric Epilepsy - p. 711 56. Chapter 49: Poststroke Epilepsy - p. 725 57. Chapter 50: Animal Models of Drug-Refractory Epilepsy - p. 741 58. Part VIII: In Vivo Mammalian Models of Genetic Epilepsies with Identified Gene - p. 760 59. Chapter 51: Spontaneous and Gene-Directed Epilepsy Mutations in the Mouse - p. 760 60. Chapter 52: Dravet and GEFS+ Syndromes - p. 776 61. Chapter 53: Tuberous Sclerosis and Other mTORopathies - p. 795 62. Part IX: Modeling Conditions that Predispose to Seizures or Epilepsy - p. 810 63. Chapter 54: Kindling: A Model and Phenomenon of Epilepsy - p. 810 64. Chapter 55: Human Mutations Associated With Brain Malformations Resulting in Hyperexcitability in Rodents - p. 825 65. Chapter 56: Dysplasias: Cortical Freeze Lesion - p. 844 66. Chapter 57: Dysplasia: MAM, Model of Developmental Epilepsy - p. 859 67. Chapter 58: In Utero Irradiation as a Model of Cortical Dysplasia - p. 876 68. Chapter 59: Undercut Cortex - p. 885 69. Chapter 60: Brain Tumor-Related Epilepsy - p. 898 70. Chapter 61: Withdrawal Seizures - p. 910 71. Chapter 62: Perimenstrual Seizures and Neurosteroid Withdrawal - p. 931 72. Chapter 63: Metabolic Disturbances: Hypo- and Hyperglycemic Seizures In Vivo and In Vitro - p. 940 73. Chapter 64: Blood–Brain Barrier Disruption - p. 949 74. Chapter 65: Experimental Models of Inflammation in Epilepsy Research - p. 959 75. Part X: Other Specific Epilepsy-Related Syndromes - p. 974 76. Chapter 66: Infantile Spasms - p. 974 77. Chapter 67: Models of Epileptic Encephalopathies - p. 993 78. Chapter 68: SUDEP Animal Models - p. 1005 79. Part XI: Animal Models of Other Brain Diseases with Altered Seizure Susceptibility - p. 1018 80. Chapter 69: Epilepsy in Models of Alzheimer’s Disease - p. 1018 81. Chapter 70: Animal Models of Acquired Epilepsy and Tauopathies - p. 1030 82. Chapter 71: Epilepsy in Other Neurodegenerative Disorders: Huntington’s and Parkinson’s Diseases - p. 1041 83. Chapter 72: Autism and Fragile X Syndrome - p. 1058 84. Chapter 73: Epilepsy in Models of Rett Syndrome - p. 1078 85. Chapter 74: Models of Depression - p. 1090 86. Part XII: Conclusions - p. 1104 87. Chapter 75: What Do Models Model? What Needs to Be Modeled? - p. 1104 88. Index - p. 1119
Models of Seizures and Epilepsy, Second Edition, is a valuable, practical reference for investigators who are searching for the most appropriate laboratory models to address key questions in the field. The book also provides an important background for physicians, fellows, and students, offering insight into the potential for advances in epilepsy research as well as R&D drug development. Contents include the current spectrum of models available to model different epilepsy syndromes, epilepsy in transgenic animals, comorbidities in models of epilepsy, and novel technologies to study seizures and epilepsies in animals.
1. Part I: Introduction - p. xxvi 2. Chapter 1: What Can We Model? - p. xxvi 3. Chapter 2: Comparative Biology and Species Effects on Expression of Epilepsy - p. 5 4. Chapter 3: Strain Effects on Expression of Seizures and Epilepsy - p. 19 5. Chapter 4: Good Welfare Practice in Modeling Seizures and Epilepsy - p. 38 6. Chapter 5: Ethics in the Use of Animal Models of Seizures and Epilepsy - p. 46 7. Chapter 6: Regulatory Aspects for Drug Development - p. 68 8. Chapter 7: Use of Animal Models for Epilepsy Research and Therapy Development - p. 82 9. Part II: Technical and Methodological Issues - p. 94 10. Chapter 8: Monitoring for Seizures in Rodents - p. 94 11. Chapter 9: Behavioral Characterization and Scoring of Seizures in Rodents - p. 109 12. Chapter 10: Seizure Mimics - p. 123 13. Chapter 11: Characterization of Pathology - p. 137 14. Chapter 12: Monitoring Cardiorespiratory and Other Physiological Parameters During Seizures in Small Animals - p. 160 15. Chapter 13: Behavioral and Cognitive Testing Procedures in Animal Models of Epilepsy - p. 179 16. Chapter 14: In Vivo Imaging in Rodents - p. 196 17. Part III: In Vitro and In Silico Models - p. 215 18. Chapter 15: Hippocampal In Silico Models of Seizures and Epilepsy - p. 215 19. Chapter 16: Neocortical/Thalamic In Silico Models of Seizures and Epilepsy - p. 232 20. Chapter 17: Genetic Epilepsy Modeling With Human Pluripotent Stem Cells - p. 246 21. Chapter 18: Hippocampus In Vitro - p. 260 22. Chapter 19: Thalamic Models of Seizures In Vitro - p. 272 23. Chapter 20: Brain Slices From Human Resected Tissues - p. 284 24. Chapter 21: Organotypic Hippocampal Slice Cultures as a Model of Posttraumatic Epileptogenesis - p. 299 25. Chapter 22: The In Vitro Isolated Guinea Pig Brain in the Study of Ictogenesis - p. 311 26. Part IV: Nonmammalian In Vivo Models - p. 323 27. Chapter 23: Nematode C. elegans: Genetic Dissection of Pathways Regulating Seizure and Epileptic-Like Behaviors - p. 323 28. Chapter 24: Drosophila - p. 344 29. Chapter 25: Xenopus laevis - p. 358 30. Chapter 26: Zebrafish Models of Epilepsy and Epileptic Seizures - p. 367 31. Part V: Naturally Occurring Seizures and Epilepsies in Animals - p. 384 32. Chapter 27: Naturally Occurring Epilepsy and Status Epilepticus in Dogs - p. 384 33. Chapter 28: Naturally Occurring Temporal Lobe Epilepsy in Cats - p. 398 34. Chapter 29: Naturally Occurring Epilepsy and Status Epilepticus in Sea Lions - p. 411 35. Chapter 30: Baboon Model of Genetic Generalized Epilepsy - p. 425 36. Chapter 31: Genetic Models of Reflex Epilepsy and SUDEP in Rats and Mice - p. 440 37. Chapter 32: Genetic Models of Absence Epilepsy in Rats and Mice - p. 453 38. Part VI: In Vivo Mammalian Models of Induced Seizures and Status Epilepticus - p. 471 39. Chapter 33: Electrical Stimulation Seizure Models - p. 471 40. Chapter 34: Systemic Chemoconvulsants Producing Acute Seizures in Adult Rodents - p. 489 41. Chapter 35: Focally Applied Chemoconvulsants - p. 512 42. Chapter 36: Models of Chemically-Induced Acute Seizures and Epilepsy: Toxic Compounds and Drugs of Addiction - p. 527 43. Chapter 37: Pharmacologically Induced Animal Models of Absence Seizures - p. 551 44. Chapter 38: Models of Seizures and Status Epilepticus Early in Life - p. 567 45. Part VII: In Vivo Mammalian Models of Acquired Epilepsies - p. 586 46. Chapter 39: Tetanus Toxin - p. 586 47. Chapter 40: Post-Status Epilepticus Models: Systemic Kainic Acid - p. 598 48. Chapter 41: Poststatus Epilepticus Models: Focal Kainic Acid - p. 610 49. Chapter 42: The Pilocarpine Model of Acquired Epilepsy - p. 624 50. Chapter 43: Post-Status Epilepticus Models: Electrical Stimulation - p. 636 51. Chapter 44: Poststatus Epilepticus Models: Hyperthermia - p. 650 52. Chapter 45: Epilepsy After Traumatic Brain Injury - p. 660 53. Chapter 46: Postinfectious Epilepsy - p. 681 54. Chapter 47: Modeling Hypoxia-Induced Seizures and Hypoxic Encephalopathy in Developing Brain - p. 696 55. Chapter 48: Perinatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy: A Model of Stroke-Induced Pediatric Epilepsy - p. 711 56. Chapter 49: Poststroke Epilepsy - p. 725 57. Chapter 50: Animal Models of Drug-Refractory Epilepsy - p. 741 58. Part VIII: In Vivo Mammalian Models of Genetic Epilepsies with Identified Gene - p. 760 59. Chapter 51: Spontaneous and Gene-Directed Epilepsy Mutations in the Mouse - p. 760 60. Chapter 52: Dravet and GEFS+ Syndromes - p. 776 61. Chapter 53: Tuberous Sclerosis and Other mTORopathies - p. 795 62. Part IX: Modeling Conditions that Predispose to Seizures or Epilepsy - p. 810 63. Chapter 54: Kindling: A Model and Phenomenon of Epilepsy - p. 810 64. Chapter 55: Human Mutations Associated With Brain Malformations Resulting in Hyperexcitability in Rodents - p. 825 65. Chapter 56: Dysplasias: Cortical Freeze Lesion - p. 844 66. Chapter 57: Dysplasia: MAM, Model of Developmental Epilepsy - p. 859 67. Chapter 58: In Utero Irradiation as a Model of Cortical Dysplasia - p. 876 68. Chapter 59: Undercut Cortex - p. 885 69. Chapter 60: Brain Tumor-Related Epilepsy - p. 898 70. Chapter 61: Withdrawal Seizures - p. 910 71. Chapter 62: Perimenstrual Seizures and Neurosteroid Withdrawal - p. 931 72. Chapter 63: Metabolic Disturbances: Hypo- and Hyperglycemic Seizures In Vivo and In Vitro - p. 940 73. Chapter 64: Blood–Brain Barrier Disruption - p. 949 74. Chapter 65: Experimental Models of Inflammation in Epilepsy Research - p. 959 75. Part X: Other Specific Epilepsy-Related Syndromes - p. 974 76. Chapter 66: Infantile Spasms - p. 974 77. Chapter 67: Models of Epileptic Encephalopathies - p. 993 78. Chapter 68: SUDEP Animal Models - p. 1005 79. Part XI: Animal Models of Other Brain Diseases with Altered Seizure Susceptibility - p. 1018 80. Chapter 69: Epilepsy in Models of Alzheimer’s Disease - p. 1018 81. Chapter 70: Animal Models of Acquired Epilepsy and Tauopathies - p. 1030 82. Chapter 71: Epilepsy in Other Neurodegenerative Disorders: Huntington’s and Parkinson’s Diseases - p. 1041 83. Chapter 72: Autism and Fragile X Syndrome - p. 1058 84. Chapter 73: Epilepsy in Models of Rett Syndrome - p. 1078 85. Chapter 74: Models of Depression - p. 1090 86. Part XII: Conclusions - p. 1104 87. Chapter 75: What Do Models Model? What Needs to Be Modeled? - p. 1104 88. Index - p. 1119
