The detection and measurement of the dynamic regulation and interactions of cells and proteins within the living cell are critical to the understanding of cellular biology and pathophysiology. The multidisciplinary field of molecular imaging of living subjects continues to expand with dramatic advances in chemistry, molecular biology, therapeutics, engineering, medical physics and biomedical applications. Molecular Imaging: Principles and Practice, Volumes 1 and 2, Second Edition provides the first point of entry for physicians, scientists, and practitioners. This authoritative reference book provides a comprehensible overview along with in-depth presentation of molecular imaging concepts, technologies and applications making it the foremost source for both established and new investigators, collaborators, students and anyone interested in this exciting and important field.
1. Introduction - p. vi 2. Introduction - p. vii 3. Contributors - p. xvii 4. Contributors - p. xxi 5. Preface - p. xxii 6. Preface - p. xxii 7. Part 1 - p. xxii 8. Part 1: Overview - p. xxii 9. Chapter 1. General Principles of Molecular Imaging - p. 3 10. Part 2: Molecular Imaging Technologies - p. 12 11. Chapter 2. Positron Emission Tomography–Magnetic Resonance Imaging - p. 15 12. Chapter 3. SPECT and SPECT/CT - p. 29 13. Chapter 4. Principles of Micro X-ray Computed Tomography - p. 47 14. Chapter 5. Small-Animal SPECT, SPECT/CT, and SPECT/MRI - p. 65 15. Chapter 6. Instrumentation and Methods to Combine Small-Animal PET With Other Imaging Modalities - p. 89 16. Chapter 7. Functional Imaging Using Bioluminescent Reporter Genes in Living Subjects - p. 113 17. Chapter 8. Principles and Practice of Intraoperative Fluorescence Imaging - p. 143 18. Chapter 9. Molecular Endoscopic Imaging in Cancer - p. 153 19. Chapter 10. Intravital Microscopy - p. 167 20. Chapter 11. Ultrasound - p. 193 21. Chapter 12. Hybrid PET-CT-Ultrasound Imaging - p. 213 22. Chapter 13. Photoacoustic Molecular Imaging: Principles and Practice - p. 233 23. Chapter 14. Inhaled Gas Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Advances, Applications, Limitations, and New Frontiers - p. 245 24. Chapter 15. Magnetic Particle Imaging for Vascular, Cellular and Molecular Imaging - p. 265 25. Chapter 16. Optogenetics - p. 283 26. Chapter 17. Imaging Mass Spectrometry - p. 303 27. Chapter 18. CEST (Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer) MR Molecular Imaging - p. 325 28. Chapter 19. Molecular Imaging Using Raman Scattering - p. 343 29. Chapter 20. Synchrotron-Based Dynamic Lung Imaging - p. 359 30. Chapter 21. Light-Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy for Multiscale Biological Imaging - p. 373 31. Chapter 22. Cerenkov Imaging - p. 383 32. Chapter 23. Near-Infrared II Optical Imaging - p. 397 33. Part 3: Chemistry of Molecular Imaging - p. 420 34. Chapter 24. Chemistry of Molecular Imaging: An Overview - p. 423 35. Chapter 25. PET Radiochemistry - p. 445 36. Chapter 26. SPECT Radiochemistry - p. 479 37. Chapter 27. The Chemistry in Surface Functionalization of Nanoparticles for Molecular Imaging - p. 493 38. Chapter 28. Newer Bioconjugation Methods - p. 517 39. Chapter 29. Targeted Antibodies and Peptides - p. 531 40. Chapter 30. Antibody-Based Molecular Imaging - p. 547 41. Chapter 31. Hyperpolarized Magnetic Resonance With Dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization: Principles and Applications - p. 563 42. Chapter 32. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Agents - p. 583 43. Chapter 33. Optical Imaging Agents - p. 603 44. Chapter 34. Photoacoustic Molecular Imaging With Exogenous Agents - p. 627 45. Chapter 35. Ultrasound Contrast Agents - p. 639 46. Chapter 36. Theranostics: Agents for Diagnosis and Therapy - p. 655 47. Chapter 37. Magnetic Nanoparticles - p. 679 48. Chapter 38. Aptamers for Molecular Imaging - p. 699 49. Chapter 39. Nonclinical Product Developmental Strategies, Safety Considerations and Toxicity Profiles of Medical Imaging and Radiopharmaceuticals Products - p. 717 50. Chapter 40. Intraoperative Molecular Imaging Agents - p. 737 51. Part 4 - p. 748 52. Part 4: Molecular Imaging in Cell and Molecular Biology - p. 748 53. Chapter 41. Protein Engineering for Molecular Imaging - p. 753 54. Chapter 42. Phage Display for Imaging Agent Development - p. 771 55. Chapter 43. Molecular Imaging of Gene Therapy - p. 787 56. Chapter 44. Cell Surveillance Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging - p. 811 57. Chapter 45. Tumor Vasculature - p. 831 58. Chapter 46. Imaging Hypoxia - p. 869 59. Chapter 47. Molecular Imaging of Protein–Protein Interactions and Protein Folding - p. 897 60. Chapter 48. Molecular Imaging of Cellular Signaling Pathways - p. 929 61. Chapter 49. Exosome Imaging - p. 943 62. Chapter 50. Gene-Editing Technologies and Applications for Molecular Imaging - p. 953 63. Chapter 51. Reporter Genes for Ultrasound and MRI - p. 967 64. Chapter 52. Theranostic Approaches Using Live Bacteria - p. 983 65. Part 5: Applications of Molecular Imaging - p. 1003 66. Chapter 53. Molecular and Functional Imaging and Theranostics of the Tumor Microenvironment - p. 1007 67. Chapter 54. Novel Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Positron Emission Tomography in the RT Planning and Assessment of Response of Malignant Gliomas - p. 1031 68. Chapter 55. PET Diagnosis and Response Monitoring in Oncology - p. 1049 69. Chapter 56. Spectroscopic MRI for Brain Tumor Imaging - p. 1077 70. Chapter 57. Cancer Detection and Quantification of Treatment Response Using Diffusion-Weighted MRI - p. 1091 71. Chapter 58. Prostate Cancer Theranostics - p. 1117 72. Chapter 59. Pediatric Molecular Imaging - p. 1131 73. Chapter 60. Imaging Myocardial Metabolism - p. 1149 74. Chapter 61. Congestive Heart Failure - p. 1167 75. Chapter 62. Molecular Imaging of Atherosclerosis - p. 1193 76. Chapter 63. Thrombosis and Embolism - p. 1225 77. Chapter 64. Molecular Imaging of Stem Cell Therapy in Ischemic Cardiomyopathy - p. 1245 78. Chapter 65. Central Nervous System Molecular Imaging - p. 1261 79. Chapter 66. Applications, Advances, and Limitations of Molecular Imaging of Brain Receptors - p. 1287 80. Chapter 67. PET and SPECT Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases - p. 1309 81. Chapter 68. PET Imaging of Neuroinflammation - p. 1335 82. Chapter 69. Identifying Musculoskeletal Pain Generators Using Molecular Imaging - p. 1373 83. Chapter 70. Molecular Imaging of Autoimmune Diseases - p. 1393 84. Chapter 71. Molecular Imaging of Diabetes - p. 1415 85. Chapter 72. Imaging in Asthma - p. 1433 86. Chapter 73. Molecular Imaging of Fibrosis - p. 1447 87. Chapter 74. Imaging of Bacterial Infections - p. 1469 88. Part 6: Molecular Imaging in Drug Evaluation - p. 1485 89. Chapter 75. Molecular and Functional Imaging in Central Nervous System Drug Development - p. 1489 90. Chapter 76. PET Imaging in Cancer Clinical Trials - p. 1503 91. Chapter 77. Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Cardiovascular Applications for Clinical Trials - p. 1517 92. Chapter 78. Imaging of Gene and Cell-Based Therapies: Basis and Clinical Trials - p. 1539 93. Part 7: Image Quantitation/Analytics - p. 1587 94. Chapter 79. Virtual and Augmented Reality Technologies in Molecular and Anatomical Imaging - p. 1591 95. Chapter 80. Quantification of Radiotracer Uptake Into Tissue - p. 1613 96. Chapter 81. Pharmacokinetic Modeling - p. 1625 97. Chapter 82. Online Social Media: Concepts and Practices for Molecular Imaging Professionals - p. 1633 98. Chapter 83. The Regulatory Process for Imaging Agents and Devices - p. 1643 99. Chapter 84. Operational Radiation Safety for PET-CT, SPECT-CT, and Cyclotron Facilities - p. 1663 100. Chapter 85. Bridging Spatial Scales From Radiographic Images to Cellular and Molecular Properties in Cancers - p. 1675 101. Chapter 86. AI/Machine Learning in Medical Imaging - p. 1691 102. Chapter 87. Retrospective Registration in Molecular Imaging - p. 1703 103. Chapter 88. Image Processing Analytics: Enhancements and Segmentation - p. 1727 104. Chapter 89. Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting: Basic Concepts and Applications in Molecular Imaging - p. 1747 105. Chapter 90. MR Elastography - p. 1759 106. Index - p. I1 107. Index - p. I19
The detection and measurement of the dynamic regulation and interactions of cells and proteins within the living cell are critical to the understanding of cellular biology and pathophysiology. The multidisciplinary field of molecular imaging of living subjects continues to expand with dramatic advances in chemistry, molecular biology, therapeutics, engineering, medical physics and biomedical applications. Molecular Imaging: Principles and Practice, Volumes 1 and 2, Second Edition provides the first point of entry for physicians, scientists, and practitioners. This authoritative reference book provides a comprehensible overview along with in-depth presentation of molecular imaging concepts, technologies and applications making it the foremost source for both established and new investigators, collaborators, students and anyone interested in this exciting and important field.
1. Introduction - p. vi 2. Introduction - p. vii 3. Contributors - p. xvii 4. Contributors - p. xxi 5. Preface - p. xxii 6. Preface - p. xxii 7. Part 1 - p. xxii 8. Part 1: Overview - p. xxii 9. Chapter 1. General Principles of Molecular Imaging - p. 3 10. Part 2: Molecular Imaging Technologies - p. 12 11. Chapter 2. Positron Emission Tomography–Magnetic Resonance Imaging - p. 15 12. Chapter 3. SPECT and SPECT/CT - p. 29 13. Chapter 4. Principles of Micro X-ray Computed Tomography - p. 47 14. Chapter 5. Small-Animal SPECT, SPECT/CT, and SPECT/MRI - p. 65 15. Chapter 6. Instrumentation and Methods to Combine Small-Animal PET With Other Imaging Modalities - p. 89 16. Chapter 7. Functional Imaging Using Bioluminescent Reporter Genes in Living Subjects - p. 113 17. Chapter 8. Principles and Practice of Intraoperative Fluorescence Imaging - p. 143 18. Chapter 9. Molecular Endoscopic Imaging in Cancer - p. 153 19. Chapter 10. Intravital Microscopy - p. 167 20. Chapter 11. Ultrasound - p. 193 21. Chapter 12. Hybrid PET-CT-Ultrasound Imaging - p. 213 22. Chapter 13. Photoacoustic Molecular Imaging: Principles and Practice - p. 233 23. Chapter 14. Inhaled Gas Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Advances, Applications, Limitations, and New Frontiers - p. 245 24. Chapter 15. Magnetic Particle Imaging for Vascular, Cellular and Molecular Imaging - p. 265 25. Chapter 16. Optogenetics - p. 283 26. Chapter 17. Imaging Mass Spectrometry - p. 303 27. Chapter 18. CEST (Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer) MR Molecular Imaging - p. 325 28. Chapter 19. Molecular Imaging Using Raman Scattering - p. 343 29. Chapter 20. Synchrotron-Based Dynamic Lung Imaging - p. 359 30. Chapter 21. Light-Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy for Multiscale Biological Imaging - p. 373 31. Chapter 22. Cerenkov Imaging - p. 383 32. Chapter 23. Near-Infrared II Optical Imaging - p. 397 33. Part 3: Chemistry of Molecular Imaging - p. 420 34. Chapter 24. Chemistry of Molecular Imaging: An Overview - p. 423 35. Chapter 25. PET Radiochemistry - p. 445 36. Chapter 26. SPECT Radiochemistry - p. 479 37. Chapter 27. The Chemistry in Surface Functionalization of Nanoparticles for Molecular Imaging - p. 493 38. Chapter 28. Newer Bioconjugation Methods - p. 517 39. Chapter 29. Targeted Antibodies and Peptides - p. 531 40. Chapter 30. Antibody-Based Molecular Imaging - p. 547 41. Chapter 31. Hyperpolarized Magnetic Resonance With Dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization: Principles and Applications - p. 563 42. Chapter 32. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Agents - p. 583 43. Chapter 33. Optical Imaging Agents - p. 603 44. Chapter 34. Photoacoustic Molecular Imaging With Exogenous Agents - p. 627 45. Chapter 35. Ultrasound Contrast Agents - p. 639 46. Chapter 36. Theranostics: Agents for Diagnosis and Therapy - p. 655 47. Chapter 37. Magnetic Nanoparticles - p. 679 48. Chapter 38. Aptamers for Molecular Imaging - p. 699 49. Chapter 39. Nonclinical Product Developmental Strategies, Safety Considerations and Toxicity Profiles of Medical Imaging and Radiopharmaceuticals Products - p. 717 50. Chapter 40. Intraoperative Molecular Imaging Agents - p. 737 51. Part 4 - p. 748 52. Part 4: Molecular Imaging in Cell and Molecular Biology - p. 748 53. Chapter 41. Protein Engineering for Molecular Imaging - p. 753 54. Chapter 42. Phage Display for Imaging Agent Development - p. 771 55. Chapter 43. Molecular Imaging of Gene Therapy - p. 787 56. Chapter 44. Cell Surveillance Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging - p. 811 57. Chapter 45. Tumor Vasculature - p. 831 58. Chapter 46. Imaging Hypoxia - p. 869 59. Chapter 47. Molecular Imaging of Protein–Protein Interactions and Protein Folding - p. 897 60. Chapter 48. Molecular Imaging of Cellular Signaling Pathways - p. 929 61. Chapter 49. Exosome Imaging - p. 943 62. Chapter 50. Gene-Editing Technologies and Applications for Molecular Imaging - p. 953 63. Chapter 51. Reporter Genes for Ultrasound and MRI - p. 967 64. Chapter 52. Theranostic Approaches Using Live Bacteria - p. 983 65. Part 5: Applications of Molecular Imaging - p. 1003 66. Chapter 53. Molecular and Functional Imaging and Theranostics of the Tumor Microenvironment - p. 1007 67. Chapter 54. Novel Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Positron Emission Tomography in the RT Planning and Assessment of Response of Malignant Gliomas - p. 1031 68. Chapter 55. PET Diagnosis and Response Monitoring in Oncology - p. 1049 69. Chapter 56. Spectroscopic MRI for Brain Tumor Imaging - p. 1077 70. Chapter 57. Cancer Detection and Quantification of Treatment Response Using Diffusion-Weighted MRI - p. 1091 71. Chapter 58. Prostate Cancer Theranostics - p. 1117 72. Chapter 59. Pediatric Molecular Imaging - p. 1131 73. Chapter 60. Imaging Myocardial Metabolism - p. 1149 74. Chapter 61. Congestive Heart Failure - p. 1167 75. Chapter 62. Molecular Imaging of Atherosclerosis - p. 1193 76. Chapter 63. Thrombosis and Embolism - p. 1225 77. Chapter 64. Molecular Imaging of Stem Cell Therapy in Ischemic Cardiomyopathy - p. 1245 78. Chapter 65. Central Nervous System Molecular Imaging - p. 1261 79. Chapter 66. Applications, Advances, and Limitations of Molecular Imaging of Brain Receptors - p. 1287 80. Chapter 67. PET and SPECT Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases - p. 1309 81. Chapter 68. PET Imaging of Neuroinflammation - p. 1335 82. Chapter 69. Identifying Musculoskeletal Pain Generators Using Molecular Imaging - p. 1373 83. Chapter 70. Molecular Imaging of Autoimmune Diseases - p. 1393 84. Chapter 71. Molecular Imaging of Diabetes - p. 1415 85. Chapter 72. Imaging in Asthma - p. 1433 86. Chapter 73. Molecular Imaging of Fibrosis - p. 1447 87. Chapter 74. Imaging of Bacterial Infections - p. 1469 88. Part 6: Molecular Imaging in Drug Evaluation - p. 1485 89. Chapter 75. Molecular and Functional Imaging in Central Nervous System Drug Development - p. 1489 90. Chapter 76. PET Imaging in Cancer Clinical Trials - p. 1503 91. Chapter 77. Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Cardiovascular Applications for Clinical Trials - p. 1517 92. Chapter 78. Imaging of Gene and Cell-Based Therapies: Basis and Clinical Trials - p. 1539 93. Part 7: Image Quantitation/Analytics - p. 1587 94. Chapter 79. Virtual and Augmented Reality Technologies in Molecular and Anatomical Imaging - p. 1591 95. Chapter 80. Quantification of Radiotracer Uptake Into Tissue - p. 1613 96. Chapter 81. Pharmacokinetic Modeling - p. 1625 97. Chapter 82. Online Social Media: Concepts and Practices for Molecular Imaging Professionals - p. 1633 98. Chapter 83. The Regulatory Process for Imaging Agents and Devices - p. 1643 99. Chapter 84. Operational Radiation Safety for PET-CT, SPECT-CT, and Cyclotron Facilities - p. 1663 100. Chapter 85. Bridging Spatial Scales From Radiographic Images to Cellular and Molecular Properties in Cancers - p. 1675 101. Chapter 86. AI/Machine Learning in Medical Imaging - p. 1691 102. Chapter 87. Retrospective Registration in Molecular Imaging - p. 1703 103. Chapter 88. Image Processing Analytics: Enhancements and Segmentation - p. 1727 104. Chapter 89. Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting: Basic Concepts and Applications in Molecular Imaging - p. 1747 105. Chapter 90. MR Elastography - p. 1759 106. Index - p. I1 107. Index - p. I19
