Nanomaterials in Plants, Algae and Microorganisms: Concepts and Controversies: Volume One discusses the vast amount of nanomaterials that have been released into the environment in a relatively short amount of time. There is a need to understand what the implications to the health of our biota and ecosystems are as the earth is increasingly inundated with these materials. Not all of the effects are negative, but their impacts are increasing exponentially due to their size, quantity and other factors.
1. 1.1. Introduction - p. 1 2. 1.2. Sources of NPs in the Environment - p. 3 3. 1.3. Global Extension and Economic Impacts of Natural and Engineered NPs - p. 6 4. 1.4. Forecasting the Potential Risk Associated With NPs - p. 8 5. 1.5. NP Toxicities in Microorganisms, Plants, and Humans - p. 9 6. 1.6. Environmental Fate of NPs - p. 17 7. 1.7. Concluding Remarks and Future Perspective - p. 20 8. Chapter 2. Plant-Based Synthesis of Nanoparticles and Their Impact - p. 33 9. 2.1. Introduction - p. 33 10. 2.2. Plant-Mediated Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles - p. 34 11. 2.3. Gold Nanoparticle Synthesis Using Plants - p. 38 12. 2.4. Plant-Assisted Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles - p. 42 13. 2.5. Other Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Plant Sources - p. 44 14. 2.6. Conclusion and Future Prospects - p. 45 15. Chapter 3. Potential of Spectroscopic Techniques in the Characterization of “Green Nanomaterials” - p. 59 16. Chapter 4. DNA in Nanotechnology: Approaches and Developments - p. 79 17. Chapter 5. Plant Response to Engineered Nanoparticles - p. 103 18. Chapter 6. Nanoparticle-Induced Morphological Responses of Roots and Shoots of Plants - p. 119 19. Chapter 7. Recent Progress of Nanotoxicology in Plants - p. 143 20. 7.1. Introduction - p. 143 21. 7.2. Role of Nanoparticles in Agriculture - p. 144 22. 7.3. Types and Characteristics of Toxic Nanoparticles - p. 144 23. 7.4. Factors Affecting Phytotoxicity of Nanoparticles - p. 148 24. 7.5. Phytotoxic Effects of Nanoparticles - p. 151 25. 7.6. Phytotoxic Mechanism of Nanoparticles - p. 153 26. 7.7. Detoxification of Nanoparticles in Plants - p. 159 27. Chapter 8. Exploring Plant-Mediated Copper, Iron, Titanium, and Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles and Their Impacts - p. 175 28. Chapter 9. Gold Nanomaterials to Plants: Impact of Bioavailability, Particle Size, and Surface Coating - p. 195 29. Chapter 10. Responses of Plants to Iron Oxide Nanoparticles - p. 221 30. Chapter 11. Effects of Rare Earth Oxide Nanoparticles on Plants - p. 239 31. 11.1. Introduction - p. 239 32. 11.2. Geological Occurrence and Sources of REONPs - p. 241 33. 11.3. Characterization, Types, and Synthesis of REONPs - p. 242 34. 11.4. Application of REONPs in Soil - p. 246 35. 11.5. Dynamics of REONPs in Soils and Plants - p. 248 36. 11.6. Effect of REONPs on Plant Growth - p. 250 37. 11.7. Controversies About the Use of REONPs - p. 259 38. 11.8. Prospects of REONPs - p. 262 39. 11.9. Summary/Conclusions - p. 263 40. Chapter 12. Influence of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles (nTiO2) on Crop Plants: A Systematic Overview - p. 277 41. Chapter 13. Interaction of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles With Plants: Uptake, Accumulation, and Toxicity - p. 297 42. Chapter 14. Impacts of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles (nCeO2) on Crop Plants: A Concentric Overview - p. 311 43. Chapter 15. Plant and Nanoparticle Interface at the Molecular Level: An Integrated Overview - p. 325 44. Chapter 16. Nanotechnology in Crop Protection - p. 345 45. 16.1. Introduction - p. 345 46. 16.2. Nanotechnology and Plant Growth - p. 346 47. 16.3. Nanotechnology in Crop Protection - p. 347 48. 16.4. Nanotechnology in Soil and Water Management - p. 370 49. 16.5. Nanotechnology in Plant Breeding and Genetic Transformation - p. 370 50. 16.6. Nano-Based Diagnostic Sensors - p. 373 51. 16.7. Limitation of Nanomaterials - p. 377 52. 16.8. Conclusion - p. 379 53. Chapter 17. Impact of Nanoparticles on Oxidative Stress and Responsive Antioxidative Defense in Plants - p. 393 54. Chapter 18. Nanoparticles and Organic Matter: Process and Impact - p. 407 55. Chapter 19. Ecological Risks of Nanoparticles: Effect on Soil Microorganisms - p. 429 56. Chapter 20. Application of Nanotechnology to Enhance the Nutrient Quality of Food Crops and Agricultural Production - p. 453 57. Chapter 21. Potential Applications and Avenues of Nanotechnology in Sustainable Agriculture - p. 473 58. Chapter 22. Nanoencapsulation of Essential Oils: A Possible Way for an Eco-Friendly Strategy to Control Postharvest Spoilage of Food Commodities From Pests - p. 501 59. Index - p. 523
Nanomaterials in Plants, Algae and Microorganisms: Concepts and Controversies: Volume One discusses the vast amount of nanomaterials that have been released into the environment in a relatively short amount of time. There is a need to understand what the implications to the health of our biota and ecosystems are as the earth is increasingly inundated with these materials. Not all of the effects are negative, but their impacts are increasing exponentially due to their size, quantity and other factors.
1. 1.1. Introduction - p. 1 2. 1.2. Sources of NPs in the Environment - p. 3 3. 1.3. Global Extension and Economic Impacts of Natural and Engineered NPs - p. 6 4. 1.4. Forecasting the Potential Risk Associated With NPs - p. 8 5. 1.5. NP Toxicities in Microorganisms, Plants, and Humans - p. 9 6. 1.6. Environmental Fate of NPs - p. 17 7. 1.7. Concluding Remarks and Future Perspective - p. 20 8. Chapter 2. Plant-Based Synthesis of Nanoparticles and Their Impact - p. 33 9. 2.1. Introduction - p. 33 10. 2.2. Plant-Mediated Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles - p. 34 11. 2.3. Gold Nanoparticle Synthesis Using Plants - p. 38 12. 2.4. Plant-Assisted Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles - p. 42 13. 2.5. Other Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Plant Sources - p. 44 14. 2.6. Conclusion and Future Prospects - p. 45 15. Chapter 3. Potential of Spectroscopic Techniques in the Characterization of “Green Nanomaterials” - p. 59 16. Chapter 4. DNA in Nanotechnology: Approaches and Developments - p. 79 17. Chapter 5. Plant Response to Engineered Nanoparticles - p. 103 18. Chapter 6. Nanoparticle-Induced Morphological Responses of Roots and Shoots of Plants - p. 119 19. Chapter 7. Recent Progress of Nanotoxicology in Plants - p. 143 20. 7.1. Introduction - p. 143 21. 7.2. Role of Nanoparticles in Agriculture - p. 144 22. 7.3. Types and Characteristics of Toxic Nanoparticles - p. 144 23. 7.4. Factors Affecting Phytotoxicity of Nanoparticles - p. 148 24. 7.5. Phytotoxic Effects of Nanoparticles - p. 151 25. 7.6. Phytotoxic Mechanism of Nanoparticles - p. 153 26. 7.7. Detoxification of Nanoparticles in Plants - p. 159 27. Chapter 8. Exploring Plant-Mediated Copper, Iron, Titanium, and Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles and Their Impacts - p. 175 28. Chapter 9. Gold Nanomaterials to Plants: Impact of Bioavailability, Particle Size, and Surface Coating - p. 195 29. Chapter 10. Responses of Plants to Iron Oxide Nanoparticles - p. 221 30. Chapter 11. Effects of Rare Earth Oxide Nanoparticles on Plants - p. 239 31. 11.1. Introduction - p. 239 32. 11.2. Geological Occurrence and Sources of REONPs - p. 241 33. 11.3. Characterization, Types, and Synthesis of REONPs - p. 242 34. 11.4. Application of REONPs in Soil - p. 246 35. 11.5. Dynamics of REONPs in Soils and Plants - p. 248 36. 11.6. Effect of REONPs on Plant Growth - p. 250 37. 11.7. Controversies About the Use of REONPs - p. 259 38. 11.8. Prospects of REONPs - p. 262 39. 11.9. Summary/Conclusions - p. 263 40. Chapter 12. Influence of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles (nTiO2) on Crop Plants: A Systematic Overview - p. 277 41. Chapter 13. Interaction of Copper Oxide Nanoparticles With Plants: Uptake, Accumulation, and Toxicity - p. 297 42. Chapter 14. Impacts of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles (nCeO2) on Crop Plants: A Concentric Overview - p. 311 43. Chapter 15. Plant and Nanoparticle Interface at the Molecular Level: An Integrated Overview - p. 325 44. Chapter 16. Nanotechnology in Crop Protection - p. 345 45. 16.1. Introduction - p. 345 46. 16.2. Nanotechnology and Plant Growth - p. 346 47. 16.3. Nanotechnology in Crop Protection - p. 347 48. 16.4. Nanotechnology in Soil and Water Management - p. 370 49. 16.5. Nanotechnology in Plant Breeding and Genetic Transformation - p. 370 50. 16.6. Nano-Based Diagnostic Sensors - p. 373 51. 16.7. Limitation of Nanomaterials - p. 377 52. 16.8. Conclusion - p. 379 53. Chapter 17. Impact of Nanoparticles on Oxidative Stress and Responsive Antioxidative Defense in Plants - p. 393 54. Chapter 18. Nanoparticles and Organic Matter: Process and Impact - p. 407 55. Chapter 19. Ecological Risks of Nanoparticles: Effect on Soil Microorganisms - p. 429 56. Chapter 20. Application of Nanotechnology to Enhance the Nutrient Quality of Food Crops and Agricultural Production - p. 453 57. Chapter 21. Potential Applications and Avenues of Nanotechnology in Sustainable Agriculture - p. 473 58. Chapter 22. Nanoencapsulation of Essential Oils: A Possible Way for an Eco-Friendly Strategy to Control Postharvest Spoilage of Food Commodities From Pests - p. 501 59. Index - p. 523
