Nutraceuticals: Efficacy, Safety and Toxicity, Second Edition, brings together everything that is currently known about nutraceuticals and their potential toxic effects. The book introduces readers to nutraceuticals, herbal medicines, Ayurvedic medicines, prebiotics, probiotics, adaptogens, and their uses and specific applications. This essential reference discusses the mechanism of action for the judicious use of these nutraceuticals and the best tools for their evaluation before detailing the safety and toxicity of nutraceuticals and interactions with other therapeutic drugs. Finally, and crucially, regulatory aspects from around the world are covered.
Completely revised and updated, this updated edition provides toxicologists, pharmacologists, pharmaceutical scientists, and those interested in medicinal plants and natural products with a comprehensive overview of the most effective tools upon which to evaluate the safety and toxicity of nutraceuticals, prebiotics, probiotics and alternative medicines.
1. Introduction - p. Page xi 2. List of Illustrations - p. Page xv 3. List of Tables - p. Page xvi 4. Chapter 1 : Nutraceuticals in central nervous system diseases: potential mechanisms of neuroprotection - p. Page xvi 5. Chapter 2 : Prevention of neurodegenerative disorders by nutraceuticals - p. Page 11 6. Chapter 3 : Cognitive effects of nutraceuticals - p. Page 35 7. Chapter 4 : Nutraceuticals in anxiety and stress - p. Page 59 8. Chapter 5 : Countering cardiovascular diseases with nutraceuticals - p. Page 70 9. Chapter 6 : Nutraceuticals for diabetes and glucose balance - p. Page 79 10. Chapter 7 : Role of nutraceuticals in respiratory and allied diseases - p. Page 97 11. Chapter 8 : Nutraceuticals in hepatic diseases - p. Page 112 12. Chapter 9 : Nutraceuticals in renal diseases - p. Page 127 13. Chapter 10 : Nutraceuticals in gastrointestinal disorders - p. Page 137 14. Chapter 11 : Nutraceuticals in reproductive and developmental disorders - p. Page 151 15. Chapter 12 : Nutraceuticals in ophthalmic diseases - p. Page 165 16. Chapter 13 : Nutraceuticals in dermal diseases - p. Page 178 17. Chapter 14 : Nutraceuticals in arthritis - p. Page 190 18. Chapter 15 : Nutraceuticals in sports activities and fatigue - p. Page 208 19. Chapter 16 : Role of nutraceuticals as adaptogens - p. Page 225 20. Chapter 17 : Nutraceuticals for weight loss - p. Page 242 21. Chapter 18 : Nutraceuticals in cancer prevention - p. Page 250 22. Chapter 19 : Application of “nano” nutraceuticals in medicine - p. Page 261 23. Chapter 20 : The biology of nutrients: genetic and molecular principles* - p. Page 269 24. Chapter 21 : Genomic and proteomic mechanisms and models in toxicity and safety evaluation of nutraceuticals - p. Page 286 25. Chapter 22 : Transcriptomic profiling for safety and toxicity evaluation of nutraceuticals - p. Page 295 26. Chapter 23 : Target identification and polypharmacology of nutraceuticals - p. Page 310 27. Chapter 24 : Systems pharmacology investigation of mechanism of action of nutraceuticals - p. Page 341 28. Chapter 25 : Noninvasive in vivo optical imaging models for safety and toxicity testing - p. Page 359 29. Chapter 26 : Flow cytometry and light-scattering techniques in evaluation of nutraceuticals - p. Page 375 30. Chapter 27 : Zebrafish as a model system to evaluate the safety and toxicity of nutraceuticals - p. Page 391 31. Chapter 28 : Caenorhabditis elegans: an elegant model organism for evaluating the neuroprotective and neurotherapeutic potential of nutraceuticals - p. Page 405 32. Chapter 29 : Alternative in vitro models for safety and toxicity evaluation of nutraceuticals - p. Page 427 33. Chapter 30 : Mitochondria as a target for safety and toxicity evaluation of nutraceuticals - p. Page 458 34. Chapter 31 : Oxidative stress and excitotoxicity: antioxidants from nutraceuticals - p. Page 478 35. Chapter 32 : Caffeine: an evaluation of the safety database - p. Page 493 36. Chapter 33 : Biological activities and potential nanotechnological delivery of resveratrol - p. Page 516 37. Chapter 34 : Melatonin: a safe nutraceutical and clinical agent - p. Page 534 38. Chapter 35 : Standardized turmeric and curcumin - p. Page 552 39. Chapter 36 : Curcuminoid–metal complexes for oxidative stress - p. Page 567 40. Chapter 37 : Fenugreek: multiple health benefits - p. Page 582 41. Chapter 38 : Cannabis sativa: an overview - p. Page 600 42. Chapter 39 : Cannabidiol safety - p. Page 621 43. Chapter 40 : St John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum L) - p. Page 654 44. Chapter 41 : Green tea - p. Page 690 45. Chapter 42 : Green coffee beans - p. Page 718 46. Chapter 43 : Quercetin - p. Page 743 47. Chapter 44 : German chamomile - p. Page 753 48. Chapter 45 : Isoflavones: toxicological aspects and efficacy - p. Page 768 49. Chapter 46 : Propolis - p. Page 791 50. Chapter 47 : Bee products as nutraceuticals to nutraceuticals for bees - p. Page 810 51. Chapter 48 : Ginkgo biloba - p. Page 830 52. Chapter 49 : Chinese ginseng - p. Page 851 53. Chapter 50 : Ashwagandha: multiple health benefits - p. Page 862 54. Chapter 51 : Astaxanthin: health benefits and toxicity - p. Page 878 55. Chapter 52 : Thymoquinone - p. Page 887 56. Chapter 53 : Glucosinolates - p. Page 899 57. Chapter 54 : Organosulfur compounds as nutraceuticals - p. Page 908 58. Chapter 55 : Arginine and citrulline as nutraceuticals: efficacy and safety in diseases - p. Page 922 59. Chapter 56 : Neem Extract - p. Page 941 60. Chapter 57 : Spirulina - p. Page 956 61. Chapter 58 : Garcinia cambogia - p. Page 972 62. Chapter 59 : Vitamin E TPGS and its applications in nutraceuticals - p. Page 987 63. Chapter 60 : Role of transferrin: an iron-binding protein in health and diseases - p. Page 1008 64. Chapter 61 : Glutamine supplementation: hope, hype, or stay tuned? - p. Page 1023 65. Chapter 62 : What to do with placenta after birth: is it a waste? - p. Page 1034 66. Chapter 63 : Chitin, chitosan, and their derivatives - p. Page 1043 67. Chapter 64 : Prebiotics: safety and toxicity considerations - p. Page 1054 68. Chapter 65 : Probiotics: safety and toxicity considerations - p. Page 1078 69. Chapter 66 : Synbiotics: safety and toxicity considerations - p. Page 1103 70. Chapter 67 : Nutraceuticals in animal health and diseases - p. Page 1120 71. Chapter 68 : Toxic contamination of nutraceuticals and food ingredients - p. Page 1140 72. Chapter 69 : Nutraceuticals and adverse outcome pathways - p. Page 1155 73. Chapter 70 : Interactions between nutraceuticals/nutrients and nutrients and therapeutic drugs - p. Page 1173 74. Chapter 71 : Genotoxicity evaluation of nutraceuticals - p. Page 1195 75. Chapter 72 : The regulatory framework for nutraceuticals: North America - p. Page 1208 76. Chapter 73 : Evaluation and regulation of food supplements: European perspective - p. Page 1238 77. Chapter 74 : Regulatory guidelines for nutraceuticals in India: an overview - p. Page 1269 78. Chapter 75 : Regulatory aspects of nutraceuticals: Chinese perspective - p. Page 1280 79. Chapter 76 : Uses and regulation of nutraceuticals: Australia and New Zealand - p. Page 1289 80. Chapter 77 : Regulatory aspects of nutraceuticals: Japanese perspective - p. Page 1297 81. Chapter 78 : Nutraceuticals: the Turkish perspective - p. Page 1306 82. Index - p. Page 1319
Nutraceuticals: Efficacy, Safety and Toxicity, Second Edition, brings together everything that is currently known about nutraceuticals and their potential toxic effects. The book introduces readers to nutraceuticals, herbal medicines, Ayurvedic medicines, prebiotics, probiotics, adaptogens, and their uses and specific applications. This essential reference discusses the mechanism of action for the judicious use of these nutraceuticals and the best tools for their evaluation before detailing the safety and toxicity of nutraceuticals and interactions with other therapeutic drugs. Finally, and crucially, regulatory aspects from around the world are covered.
Completely revised and updated, this updated edition provides toxicologists, pharmacologists, pharmaceutical scientists, and those interested in medicinal plants and natural products with a comprehensive overview of the most effective tools upon which to evaluate the safety and toxicity of nutraceuticals, prebiotics, probiotics and alternative medicines.
1. Introduction - p. Page xi 2. List of Illustrations - p. Page xv 3. List of Tables - p. Page xvi 4. Chapter 1 : Nutraceuticals in central nervous system diseases: potential mechanisms of neuroprotection - p. Page xvi 5. Chapter 2 : Prevention of neurodegenerative disorders by nutraceuticals - p. Page 11 6. Chapter 3 : Cognitive effects of nutraceuticals - p. Page 35 7. Chapter 4 : Nutraceuticals in anxiety and stress - p. Page 59 8. Chapter 5 : Countering cardiovascular diseases with nutraceuticals - p. Page 70 9. Chapter 6 : Nutraceuticals for diabetes and glucose balance - p. Page 79 10. Chapter 7 : Role of nutraceuticals in respiratory and allied diseases - p. Page 97 11. Chapter 8 : Nutraceuticals in hepatic diseases - p. Page 112 12. Chapter 9 : Nutraceuticals in renal diseases - p. Page 127 13. Chapter 10 : Nutraceuticals in gastrointestinal disorders - p. Page 137 14. Chapter 11 : Nutraceuticals in reproductive and developmental disorders - p. Page 151 15. Chapter 12 : Nutraceuticals in ophthalmic diseases - p. Page 165 16. Chapter 13 : Nutraceuticals in dermal diseases - p. Page 178 17. Chapter 14 : Nutraceuticals in arthritis - p. Page 190 18. Chapter 15 : Nutraceuticals in sports activities and fatigue - p. Page 208 19. Chapter 16 : Role of nutraceuticals as adaptogens - p. Page 225 20. Chapter 17 : Nutraceuticals for weight loss - p. Page 242 21. Chapter 18 : Nutraceuticals in cancer prevention - p. Page 250 22. Chapter 19 : Application of “nano” nutraceuticals in medicine - p. Page 261 23. Chapter 20 : The biology of nutrients: genetic and molecular principles* - p. Page 269 24. Chapter 21 : Genomic and proteomic mechanisms and models in toxicity and safety evaluation of nutraceuticals - p. Page 286 25. Chapter 22 : Transcriptomic profiling for safety and toxicity evaluation of nutraceuticals - p. Page 295 26. Chapter 23 : Target identification and polypharmacology of nutraceuticals - p. Page 310 27. Chapter 24 : Systems pharmacology investigation of mechanism of action of nutraceuticals - p. Page 341 28. Chapter 25 : Noninvasive in vivo optical imaging models for safety and toxicity testing - p. Page 359 29. Chapter 26 : Flow cytometry and light-scattering techniques in evaluation of nutraceuticals - p. Page 375 30. Chapter 27 : Zebrafish as a model system to evaluate the safety and toxicity of nutraceuticals - p. Page 391 31. Chapter 28 : Caenorhabditis elegans: an elegant model organism for evaluating the neuroprotective and neurotherapeutic potential of nutraceuticals - p. Page 405 32. Chapter 29 : Alternative in vitro models for safety and toxicity evaluation of nutraceuticals - p. Page 427 33. Chapter 30 : Mitochondria as a target for safety and toxicity evaluation of nutraceuticals - p. Page 458 34. Chapter 31 : Oxidative stress and excitotoxicity: antioxidants from nutraceuticals - p. Page 478 35. Chapter 32 : Caffeine: an evaluation of the safety database - p. Page 493 36. Chapter 33 : Biological activities and potential nanotechnological delivery of resveratrol - p. Page 516 37. Chapter 34 : Melatonin: a safe nutraceutical and clinical agent - p. Page 534 38. Chapter 35 : Standardized turmeric and curcumin - p. Page 552 39. Chapter 36 : Curcuminoid–metal complexes for oxidative stress - p. Page 567 40. Chapter 37 : Fenugreek: multiple health benefits - p. Page 582 41. Chapter 38 : Cannabis sativa: an overview - p. Page 600 42. Chapter 39 : Cannabidiol safety - p. Page 621 43. Chapter 40 : St John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum L) - p. Page 654 44. Chapter 41 : Green tea - p. Page 690 45. Chapter 42 : Green coffee beans - p. Page 718 46. Chapter 43 : Quercetin - p. Page 743 47. Chapter 44 : German chamomile - p. Page 753 48. Chapter 45 : Isoflavones: toxicological aspects and efficacy - p. Page 768 49. Chapter 46 : Propolis - p. Page 791 50. Chapter 47 : Bee products as nutraceuticals to nutraceuticals for bees - p. Page 810 51. Chapter 48 : Ginkgo biloba - p. Page 830 52. Chapter 49 : Chinese ginseng - p. Page 851 53. Chapter 50 : Ashwagandha: multiple health benefits - p. Page 862 54. Chapter 51 : Astaxanthin: health benefits and toxicity - p. Page 878 55. Chapter 52 : Thymoquinone - p. Page 887 56. Chapter 53 : Glucosinolates - p. Page 899 57. Chapter 54 : Organosulfur compounds as nutraceuticals - p. Page 908 58. Chapter 55 : Arginine and citrulline as nutraceuticals: efficacy and safety in diseases - p. Page 922 59. Chapter 56 : Neem Extract - p. Page 941 60. Chapter 57 : Spirulina - p. Page 956 61. Chapter 58 : Garcinia cambogia - p. Page 972 62. Chapter 59 : Vitamin E TPGS and its applications in nutraceuticals - p. Page 987 63. Chapter 60 : Role of transferrin: an iron-binding protein in health and diseases - p. Page 1008 64. Chapter 61 : Glutamine supplementation: hope, hype, or stay tuned? - p. Page 1023 65. Chapter 62 : What to do with placenta after birth: is it a waste? - p. Page 1034 66. Chapter 63 : Chitin, chitosan, and their derivatives - p. Page 1043 67. Chapter 64 : Prebiotics: safety and toxicity considerations - p. Page 1054 68. Chapter 65 : Probiotics: safety and toxicity considerations - p. Page 1078 69. Chapter 66 : Synbiotics: safety and toxicity considerations - p. Page 1103 70. Chapter 67 : Nutraceuticals in animal health and diseases - p. Page 1120 71. Chapter 68 : Toxic contamination of nutraceuticals and food ingredients - p. Page 1140 72. Chapter 69 : Nutraceuticals and adverse outcome pathways - p. Page 1155 73. Chapter 70 : Interactions between nutraceuticals/nutrients and nutrients and therapeutic drugs - p. Page 1173 74. Chapter 71 : Genotoxicity evaluation of nutraceuticals - p. Page 1195 75. Chapter 72 : The regulatory framework for nutraceuticals: North America - p. Page 1208 76. Chapter 73 : Evaluation and regulation of food supplements: European perspective - p. Page 1238 77. Chapter 74 : Regulatory guidelines for nutraceuticals in India: an overview - p. Page 1269 78. Chapter 75 : Regulatory aspects of nutraceuticals: Chinese perspective - p. Page 1280 79. Chapter 76 : Uses and regulation of nutraceuticals: Australia and New Zealand - p. Page 1289 80. Chapter 77 : Regulatory aspects of nutraceuticals: Japanese perspective - p. Page 1297 81. Chapter 78 : Nutraceuticals: the Turkish perspective - p. Page 1306 82. Index - p. Page 1319
