Through five highly regarded editions, Ophthalmology, by Drs. Myron Yanoff and Jay S. Duker, has remained one of the premier texts in the field, providing authoritative guidance on virtually any ophthalmic condition and procedure you may encounter. The fully revised, 6th edition of this award-winning title continues to offer detailed, superbly illustrated content from cover to cover, with extensive updates throughout to keep you current with the latest advancements and fundamentals throughout every subspecialty area in the field. An easy-to-follow, templated format, convenient single volume, and coverage of both common and rare disorders make this title a must-have resource no matter what your level of experience.
Offers truly comprehensive coverage, including basic foundations through diagnosis and treatment advances across all subspecialties: genetics, optics, refractive surgery, lens and cataract, cornea, retina, uveitis, tumors, glaucoma, neuro-ophthalmology, pediatric and adult strabismus, and oculoplastics.
Features streamlined, templated chapters, a user-friendly visual layout, and key features boxes for quick access to clinically relevant information and rapid understanding of any topic.
Contains four new chapters covering Phototherapeutic Keratectomy; IOL Optics; Bag-in-the-lens Cataract Surgery; and Capsulectomy: Modern devices apart from FLACS.
Includes a fully revised and updated chapter on refractive surgery screening and corneal imaging, as well as an expanded chapter on corneal cross-linking.
Provides up-to-date information on the latest advances in the field, including new therapies for retinoblastoma, such as intravenous and intraarterial chemotherapy; less common retinal tumor simulators of retinoblastoma; OCT-Angiography; glaucoma stents; new drug delivery platforms; IOL optics; phototherapeutic keratectomy; intraocular pressure monitoring; and more.
Includes more than 2,000 high-quality illustrations and an expanded video library with more than 60 clips of diagnostic and surgical techniques, including new videos of nystagmus.
Contains updated management guidelines for central retinal artery occlusions (CRAO).
Provides fresh perspectives from new section editors Drs. Carol Shields and Sumit (Sam) Garg.
1. Cover image - p. Cover 2. Title page - p. iii 3. Table of Contents - p. iii 4. Copyright - p. iv 5. User Guide - p. iv 6. Preface - p. xiii 7. Preface to First Edition - p. xiv 8. Contributors - p. xv 9. In Memory of Emanuel S. Rosen, MD, FRCSE - p. xxiv 10. Acknowledgments - p. xxv 11. Dedication - p. xxvi 12. Videos - p. xxvi 13. Part 1: Genetics - p. xxvi 14. 1.1. Fundamentals of Human Genetics - p. 1 15. 1.2. Molecular Genetics of Selected Ocular Disorders - p. 9 16. 1.3. Genetic Testing and Genetic Counseling - p. 15 17. Part 2: Optics and Refraction - p. 17 18. 2.1. Light - p. 19 19. 2.2. Optics of the Human Eye - p. 25 20. 2.3. Clinical Refraction - p. 35 21. 2.4. Correction of Refractive Errors - p. 44 22. 2.5. Ophthalmic Instruments - p. 52 23. 2.6. Wavefront Optics and Aberrations of the Eye - p. 66 24. Part 3: Refractive Surgery - p. 66.e5 25. 3.1. Current Concepts, Classification, and History of Refractive Surgery - p. 67 26. 3.2. Preoperative Evaluation for Refractive Surgery - p. 77 27. 3.3. Excimer Laser Surface Ablation: Photorefractive Keratectomy (PRK), Laser-Assisted Subepithelial Keratomileusis (LASEK) and Epi-LASIK - p. 82 28. 3.4. Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis (LASIK) - p. 89 29. 3.5. Small Incision Lenticule Extraction - p. 98 30. 3.6. Wavefront and Topography-Based Excimer Laser Refractive Surgery - p. 104 31. 3.7. Phakic Intraocular Lenses - p. 110 32. 3.8. Intrastromal Corneal Ring Segments: Synthetic and CAIRS - p. 114 33. 3.9. Surgical Treatment of Presbyopia - p. 117 34. 3.10. Excimer Laser Phototherapeutic Keratectomy - p. 124 35. 3.11. Corneal Cross-linking - p. 127 36. Part 4: Cornea and Ocular Surface Diseases - p. 130 37. Section 1: Basic Principles - p. 130 38. 4.1. Corneal Anatomy, Physiology, and Wound Healing - p. 131 39. 4.2. Anterior Segment Imaging Modalities - p. 136 40. Section 2: Congenital Abnormalities - p. 146 41. 4.3. Congenital Corneal Anomalies - p. 147 42. Section 3: External Diseases - p. 151 43. 4.4. Blepharitis - p. 152 44. 4.5. Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus - p. 155 45. Section 4: Conjunctival Diseases - p. 157 46. 4.6. Infectious Conjunctivitis - p. 159 47. 4.7. Allergic Conjunctivitis - p. 168 48. 4.8. Tumors of the Conjunctiva - p. 172 49. 4.9. Pterygium and Conjunctival Degenerations - p. 183 50. 4.10. Ocular Cicatricial Pemphigoid/Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid - p. 186 51. Section 5: Scleral and Episcleral Diseases - p. 188 52. 4.11. Episcleritis and Scleritis - p. 189 53. Section 6: Corneal Diseases - p. 195 54. 4.12. Bacterial Keratitis - p. 197 55. 4.13. Fungal Keratitis - p. 204 56. 4.14. Parasitic Keratitis - p. 207 57. 4.15. Herpes Simplex Keratitis - p. 211 58. 4.16. Peripheral Ulcerative Keratitis - p. 217 59. 4.17. Noninfectious Keratitis - p. 222 60. 4.18. Keratoconus and Other Ectasias - p. 233 61. 4.19. Anterior Corneal Dystrophies - p. 237 62. 4.20. Stromal Corneal Dystrophies - p. 240 63. 4.21. Diseases of the Corneal Endothelium - p. 246 64. 4.22. Corneal Degenerations - p. 251 65. 4.23. Dry Eye Disease - p. 256 66. Section 7: Miscellaneous Conditions - p. 261 67. 4.24. Complications of Contact Lens Wear - p. 262 68. 4.25. Corneal and External Eye Manifestations of Systemic Disease - p. 267 69. Section 8: Trauma - p. 272 70. 4.26. Acid and Alkali Burns - p. 273 71. Section 9: Surgery - p. 276 72. 4.27. Endothelial Keratoplasty: Targeted Treatment for Corneal Endothelial Dysfunction - p. 277 73. 4.28. Penetrating Keratoplasty - p. 282 74. 4.29. Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty - p. 286 75. 4.30. Superficial Corneal Procedures and Corneal Collagen Cross-linking - p. 289 76. 4.31. Artificial Cornea (Keratoprosthesis) - p. 291 77. 4.32. Conjunctival Surgery - p. 294 78. 4.33. Surgical Ocular Surface Reconstruction - p. 298 79. 4.34. Management of Corneal Thinning, Melting, and Perforation - p. 303 80. Part 5: The Lens - p. 305 81. 5.1. Basic Science of the Lens - p. 307.e1 82. 5.2. Evolution of Intraocular Lens Implantation - p. 308 83. 5.3. Intraocular Lens Optics - p. 309 84. 5.4. Bag-in-the-Lens Cataract Surgery - p. 311 85. 5.5. Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Causes, Morphology, and Visual Effects of Cataract - p. 314 86. 5.6. Patient Workup for Cataract Surgery - p. 320 87. 5.7. Intraocular Lens Power Calculations - p. 324 88. 5.8. Indications for Lens Surgery/Indications for Application of Different Lens Surgery Techniques - p. 329 89. 5.9. The Pharmacotherapy of Cataract Surgery - p. 337 90. 5.10. Anesthesia for Cataract Surgery - p. 343 91. 5.11. Phacoemulsification Fluidics - p. 348 92. 5.12. Refractive Aspects of Cataract Surgery - p. 352.e1 93. 5.13. Small-Incision and Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Cataract Surgery - p. 353 94. 5.14. Capsulectomy: Modern Devices Apart From FLACS - p. 360 95. 5.15. Manual Cataract Extraction - p. 364.e1 96. 5.16. Combined Procedures - p. 365 97. 5.17. Cataract Surgery in Complex Eyes - p. 369.e1 98. 5.18. Pediatric Cataract Surgery - p. 370 99. 5.19. Complications of Cataract Surgery - p. 374 100. 5.20. Secondary Cataract - p. 386 101. 5.21. Outcomes of Cataract Surgery - p. 391 102. Part 6: Retina and Vitreous - p. 393 103. Section 1: Anatomy - p. 393 104. 6.1. Structure of the Neural Retina and Retinal Pigment Epithelium - p. 395 105. 6.2. Retinal and Choroidal Circulation - p. 399 106. Section 2: Ancillary Tests - p. 403 107. 6.3. Contact B-Scan Ultrasonography - p. 404 108. 6.4. Camera-Based Ancillary Retinal Testing: Autofluorescence, Fluorescein, and Indocyanine Green Angiography - p. 407 109. 6.5. Optical Coherence Tomography in Retinal Imaging - p. 415 110. 6.6. Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography - p. 421 111. 6.7. Retinal Electrophysiology - p. 424 112. Section 3: Basic Principles of Retinal Surgery - p. 426 113. 6.8. Light and Laser Injury - p. 428 114. 6.9. Scleral Buckling Surgery - p. 433 115. 6.10. Vitrectomy - p. 438 116. 6.11. Intravitreal Injections and Medication Implants - p. 443 117. Section 4: Dystrophies - p. 445 118. 6.12. Progressive and “Stationary” Inherited Retinal Degenerations - p. 447 119. 6.13. Inherited Retinal Diseases - p. 458 120. Section 5: Vascular Disorders - p. 472 121. 6.14. Hypertensive Retinopathy - p. 473 122. 6.15. Retinal Arterial Obstruction - p. 477 123. 6.16. Venous Occlusive Disease of the Retina - p. 485 124. 6.17. Retinopathy of Prematurity - p. 494 125. 6.18. Diabetic Retinopathy - p. 500 126. 6.19. Ocular Ischemic Syndrome - p. 507 127. 6.20. Hemoglobinopathies - p. 511 128. 6.21. Coats’ Disease and Macular Telangiectasia - p. 516 129. 6.22. Radiation Retinopathy and Papillopathy - p. 522 130. 6.23. Retinal Arterial Macroaneurysms - p. 527 131. Section 6: Macular Disorders - p. 532 132. 6.24. Age-Related Macular Degeneration - p. 533 133. 6.25. Secondary Causes of Choroidal Neovascularization - p. 555 134. 6.26. Central Serous Chorioretinopathy - p. 559 135. 6.27. Full-Thickness Macular Hole - p. 564 136. 6.28. Epiretinal Membrane - p. 568 137. 6.29. Vitreomacular Traction - p. 574 138. 6.30. Cystoid Macular Edema - p. 578 139. Section 7: Retinal Detachment - p. 583 140. 6.31. Peripheral Retinal Lesions and Retinal Breaks - p. 585 141. 6.32. Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment - p. 590 142. 6.33. Serous Detachments of the Neural Retina - p. 597 143. 6.34. Suprachoroidal Hemorrhage - p. 604 144. 6.35. Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy - p. 609 145. Section 8: Trauma - p. 613 146. 6.36. Posterior Segment Ocular Trauma - p. 614 147. 6.37. Distant Trauma With Posterior Segment Effects - p. 620 148. 6.38. Retinal Toxicity of Systemically Administered Drugs - p. 624 149. Part 7: Uveitis and Other Intraocular Inflammations - p. 629 150. Section 1: Basic Principles - p. 629 151. 7.1. Anatomy of the Uvea - p. 631 152. 7.2. General Approach to the Uveitis Patient and Treatment Strategies - p. 634 153. Section 2: Infectious Causes of Uveitis–Viral - p. 639 154. 7.3. Herpetic Viral Uveitis - p. 639 155. 7.4. Nonherpetic Viral Infections: West Nile, Chikungunya, Zika, Ebola, HTLV-1, Measles, Rubella - p. 644 156. Section 3: Infectious Causes of Uveitis–Bacterial - p. 647 157. 7.5. Syphilitic and Other Spirochetal Uveitis - p. 648 158. 7.6. Tuberculosis, Leprosy, and Brucellosis - p. 655 159. 7.7. Bartonella-Related Infectious Uveitis (Cat Scratch Disease) and Whipple’s Disease - p. 659 160. 7.8. Infectious Endophthalmitis - p. 662 161. Section 4: Infectious Causes of Uveitis–Fungal - p. 667 162. 7.9. Histoplasmosis - p. 669 163. 7.10. Fungal Endophthalmitis - p. 673 164. Section 5: Infectious Causes of Uveitis–Protozoal and Parasitic - p. 676 165. 7.11. Ocular Toxoplasmosis - p. 678 166. 7.12. Posterior Parasitic Uveitis - p. 684 167. Section 6: Uveitis Associated with Systemic Disease - p. 687 168. 7.13. Uveitis Related to HLA-B27 and Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis–Associated Uveitis - p. 688 169. 7.14. Sarcoidosis - p. 693 170. 7.15. Behçet’s Disease - p. 698 171. 7.16. Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada Disease - p. 701 172. Section 7: Traumatic Uveitis - p. 703 173. 7.17. Phacogenic Uveitis - p. 704 174. 7.18. Sympathetic Uveitis - p. 707 175. Section 8: Uveitis of Unknown Causes - p. 709 176. 7.19. Idiopathic and Other Anterior Uveitis Syndromes - p. 710 177. 7.20. Pars Planitis and Other Intermediate Uveitides - p. 714 178. 7.21. Posterior Uveitis of Unknown Cause—White Spot Syndromes - p. 719 179. Section 9: Masquerade Syndromes - p. 731 180. 7.22. Masquerade Syndromes: Neoplasms - p. 732 181. Part 8: Intraocular Tumors - p. 736 182. 8.1. Tumors of the Retina and Optic Disc - p. 737 183. 8.2. Tumors of the Uvea - p. 763 184. 8.3. Tumors (Solid and Cystic) of the Pigmented and Nonpigmented Epithelium - p. 772 185. 8.4. Phakomatoses - p. 782 186. Part 9: Neuro-Ophthalmology - p. 793 187. Section 1: Imaging in Neuro-Ophthalmology - p. 793 188. 9.1. Principles of Imaging in Neuro-ophthalmology - p. 795 189. 9.2. Optical Coherence Tomography in Neuro-ophthalmology - p. 802 190. Section 2: The Afferent Visual System - p. 811 191. 9.3. Anatomy and Physiology - p. 812 192. 9.4. Differentiation of Optic Nerve From Macular Retinal Disease - p. 815 193. 9.5. Congenital Optic Disc Anomalies - p. 817 194. 9.6. Papilledema and Raised Intracranial Pressure - p. 821 195. 9.7. Inflammatory Optic Neuropathies and Neuroretinitis - p. 825 196. 9.8. Ischemic Optic Neuropathy - p. 830 197. 9.9. Mitochondrial Optic Neuropathies - p. 835 198. 9.10. Prechiasmal Pathways—Compression by Optic Nerve and Sheath Tumors - p. 840 199. 9.11. Traumatic Optic Neuropathies - p. 845 200. 9.12. Lesions of the Optic Chiasm, Parasellar Region, and Pituitary Fossa - p. 847 201. 9.13. Lesions of Retrochiasmal Pathways, Higher Cortical Function, and Nonorganic Visual Loss - p. 856 202. Section 3: The Efferent Visual System - p. 860 203. 9.14. Disorders of Supranuclear Control of Ocular Motility - p. 862 204. 9.15. Nuclear and Fascicular Disorders of Eye Movement - p. 869 205. 9.16. Paresis of Isolated and Multiple Cranial Nerves and Painful Ophthalmoplegia - p. 874 206. 9.17. SECTION 3The Efferent Visual SystemDisorders of the Neuromuscular Junction - p. 883 207. 9.18 SECTION 3 The Efferent Visual System. Ocular Myopathies - p. 889 208. 9.19. Nystagmus, Saccadic Intrusions, and Oscillations - p. 894 209. 9.20. Pupillary Signs of Neuro-ophthalmic Disease - p. 902 210. Section 4: The Brain - p. 909 211. 9.21. Headache and Facial Pain - p. 911 212. 9.22. Tumors, Infections, Inflammations, and Neurodegenerations - p. 920 213. Section 5: Neuro-Ophthalmologic Emergencies - p. 925 214. 9.23. Urgent Neuro-ophthalmic Disorders - p. 927 215. 9.24. Trauma, Drugs, and Toxins - p. 932 216. 9.25. Vascular Disorders - p. 936 217. 9.26. Electrophysiology - p. 943 218. Part 10: Glaucoma - p. 945 219. Section 1: Epidemiology and Mechanisms of Glaucoma - p. 945 220. 10.1. Epidemiology of Glaucoma - p. 947 221. 10.2. Screening for Glaucoma - p. 953 222. 10.3. Mechanisms of Glaucoma - p. 958 223. Section 2: Evaluation and Diagnosis - p. 964 224. 10.4. Clinical Examination of Glaucoma - p. 965 225. 10.5. Visual Fields - p. 973 226. 10.6. Diagnostic Technologies - p. 982 227. 10.7. Optic Nerve Blood Flow Measurement - p. 990 228. 10.8. Ocular Hypertension - p. 991 229. Section 3: Specific Types of Glaucoma - p. 992 230. 10.9. Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma - p. 993 231. 10.10. Normal-Tension Glaucoma - p. 998 232. 10.11. Angle-Closure Glaucoma - p. 1001 233. 10.12. Glaucoma Associated With (Pseudo)Exfoliation Syndrome - p. 1010 234. 10.13. Pigmentary Glaucoma - p. 1014 235. 10.14. Neovascular Glaucoma - p. 1017 236. 10.15. Inflammatory and Corticosteroid-Induced Glaucoma - p. 1021 237. 10.16. Glaucoma Associated With Ocular Trauma - p. 1026 238. 10.17. Glaucoma With Elevated Episcleral Venous Pressure - p. 1032 239. 10.18. Malignant Glaucoma - p. 1034 240. 10.19. Glaucomas Secondary to Abnormalities of the Cornea, Iris, Retina, and Intraocular Tumors - p. 1036 241. 10.20. Congenital Glaucoma - p. 1043 242. Section 4: Therapy - p. 1048 243. 10.21. When to Treat Glaucoma - p. 1049 244. 10.22. Current Medical Management of Glaucoma - p. 1054 245. 10.23. Laser Trabeculoplasty and Laser Peripheral Iridectomy - p. 1060 246. 10.24. Cyclodestructive Procedures in Glaucoma - p. 1065 247. 10.25. Goniotomy and Trabeculotomy - p. 1069 248. 10.26. Microinvasive Glaucoma Surgeries - p. 1074 249. 10.27. Trabeculectomy - p. 1081 250. 10.28. Antifibrotic Agents in Glaucoma Surgery - p. 1087 251. 10.29. Drainage Implants - p. 1094 252. 10.30. Complications of Glaucoma Surgery and Their Management - p. 1099 253. 10.31. Genes Associated With Human Glaucoma - p. 1105 254. 10.32. Evidence-Based Medicine in Glaucoma - p. 1108 255. Part 11: Pediatric and Adult Strabismus - p. 1114 256. Section 1: Basic Science - p. 1114 257. 11.1. Anatomy and Physiology of the Extraocular Muscles and Surrounding Tissues - p. 1115 258. Section 2: Evaluation and Diagnosis - p. 1119 259. 11.2. Evaluating Vision in Preverbal and Preliterate Infants and Children - p. 1120 260. 11.3. Examination of Ocular Alignment and Eye Movements - p. 1124 261. 11.4. Sensory Status in Strabismus - p. 1130 262. 11.5. Sensory Adaptations in Strabismus - p. 1135 263. Section 3: Ocular Manifestations - p. 1137 264. 11.6. Esotropia - p. 1138 265. 11.7. Exotropia - p. 1145 266. 11.8. Torsional Strabismus - p. 1149 267. 11.9. Paralytic Strabismus - p. 1157 268. 11.10. Other Vertical Strabismus Forms - p. 1165 269. 11.11. Amblyopia - p. 1169 270. Section 4: Treatment - p. 1174 271. 11.12. Forms of Nonsurgical Strabismus Management - p. 1175 272. 11.13. Techniques of Strabismus Surgery - p. 1178 273. Part 12: Orbit and Oculoplastics - p. 1186 274. Section 1: Orbital Anatomy and Imaging - p. 1186 275. 12.1. Clinical Anatomy of the Eyelids - p. 1187 276. 12.2. Clinical Anatomy of the Orbit - p. 1190 277. 12.3. Orbital Imaging - p. 1196 278. Section 2: Eyelids - p. 1199 279. 12.4. Blepharoptosis - p. 1200 280. 12.5. Entropion - p. 1206 281. 12.6. Ectropion - p. 1212 282. 12.7. Benign Eyelid Lesions - p. 1219 283. 12.8. Eyelid Malignancies - p. 1230 284. 12.9. Evaluation and Management of Periorbital Soft Tissue Trauma - p. 1236 285. Section 3: Orbit and Lacrimal Gland - p. 1242 286. 12.10. Orbital Diseases - p. 1243 287. 12.11. Enucleation, Evisceration, and Exenteration - p. 1258 288. 12.12. The Lacrimal Drainage System - p. 1266 289. 12.13. Thyroid Eye Disease - p. 1272 290. 12.14. Orbital Infection and Inflammation - p. 1280 291. Section 4: Periorbital Aesthetic Procedures - p. 1284 292. 12.15. Cosmetic Blepharoplasty and Browplasty - p. 1285 293. 12.16. Aesthetic Fillers and Botulinum Toxin for Wrinkle Reduction - p. 1292 294. Index - p. 1299
Through five highly regarded editions, Ophthalmology, by Drs. Myron Yanoff and Jay S. Duker, has remained one of the premier texts in the field, providing authoritative guidance on virtually any ophthalmic condition and procedure you may encounter. The fully revised, 6th edition of this award-winning title continues to offer detailed, superbly illustrated content from cover to cover, with extensive updates throughout to keep you current with the latest advancements and fundamentals throughout every subspecialty area in the field. An easy-to-follow, templated format, convenient single volume, and coverage of both common and rare disorders make this title a must-have resource no matter what your level of experience.
Offers truly comprehensive coverage, including basic foundations through diagnosis and treatment advances across all subspecialties: genetics, optics, refractive surgery, lens and cataract, cornea, retina, uveitis, tumors, glaucoma, neuro-ophthalmology, pediatric and adult strabismus, and oculoplastics.
Features streamlined, templated chapters, a user-friendly visual layout, and key features boxes for quick access to clinically relevant information and rapid understanding of any topic.
Contains four new chapters covering Phototherapeutic Keratectomy; IOL Optics; Bag-in-the-lens Cataract Surgery; and Capsulectomy: Modern devices apart from FLACS.
Includes a fully revised and updated chapter on refractive surgery screening and corneal imaging, as well as an expanded chapter on corneal cross-linking.
Provides up-to-date information on the latest advances in the field, including new therapies for retinoblastoma, such as intravenous and intraarterial chemotherapy; less common retinal tumor simulators of retinoblastoma; OCT-Angiography; glaucoma stents; new drug delivery platforms; IOL optics; phototherapeutic keratectomy; intraocular pressure monitoring; and more.
Includes more than 2,000 high-quality illustrations and an expanded video library with more than 60 clips of diagnostic and surgical techniques, including new videos of nystagmus.
Contains updated management guidelines for central retinal artery occlusions (CRAO).
Provides fresh perspectives from new section editors Drs. Carol Shields and Sumit (Sam) Garg.
1. Cover image - p. Cover 2. Title page - p. iii 3. Table of Contents - p. iii 4. Copyright - p. iv 5. User Guide - p. iv 6. Preface - p. xiii 7. Preface to First Edition - p. xiv 8. Contributors - p. xv 9. In Memory of Emanuel S. Rosen, MD, FRCSE - p. xxiv 10. Acknowledgments - p. xxv 11. Dedication - p. xxvi 12. Videos - p. xxvi 13. Part 1: Genetics - p. xxvi 14. 1.1. Fundamentals of Human Genetics - p. 1 15. 1.2. Molecular Genetics of Selected Ocular Disorders - p. 9 16. 1.3. Genetic Testing and Genetic Counseling - p. 15 17. Part 2: Optics and Refraction - p. 17 18. 2.1. Light - p. 19 19. 2.2. Optics of the Human Eye - p. 25 20. 2.3. Clinical Refraction - p. 35 21. 2.4. Correction of Refractive Errors - p. 44 22. 2.5. Ophthalmic Instruments - p. 52 23. 2.6. Wavefront Optics and Aberrations of the Eye - p. 66 24. Part 3: Refractive Surgery - p. 66.e5 25. 3.1. Current Concepts, Classification, and History of Refractive Surgery - p. 67 26. 3.2. Preoperative Evaluation for Refractive Surgery - p. 77 27. 3.3. Excimer Laser Surface Ablation: Photorefractive Keratectomy (PRK), Laser-Assisted Subepithelial Keratomileusis (LASEK) and Epi-LASIK - p. 82 28. 3.4. Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis (LASIK) - p. 89 29. 3.5. Small Incision Lenticule Extraction - p. 98 30. 3.6. Wavefront and Topography-Based Excimer Laser Refractive Surgery - p. 104 31. 3.7. Phakic Intraocular Lenses - p. 110 32. 3.8. Intrastromal Corneal Ring Segments: Synthetic and CAIRS - p. 114 33. 3.9. Surgical Treatment of Presbyopia - p. 117 34. 3.10. Excimer Laser Phototherapeutic Keratectomy - p. 124 35. 3.11. Corneal Cross-linking - p. 127 36. Part 4: Cornea and Ocular Surface Diseases - p. 130 37. Section 1: Basic Principles - p. 130 38. 4.1. Corneal Anatomy, Physiology, and Wound Healing - p. 131 39. 4.2. Anterior Segment Imaging Modalities - p. 136 40. Section 2: Congenital Abnormalities - p. 146 41. 4.3. Congenital Corneal Anomalies - p. 147 42. Section 3: External Diseases - p. 151 43. 4.4. Blepharitis - p. 152 44. 4.5. Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus - p. 155 45. Section 4: Conjunctival Diseases - p. 157 46. 4.6. Infectious Conjunctivitis - p. 159 47. 4.7. Allergic Conjunctivitis - p. 168 48. 4.8. Tumors of the Conjunctiva - p. 172 49. 4.9. Pterygium and Conjunctival Degenerations - p. 183 50. 4.10. Ocular Cicatricial Pemphigoid/Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid - p. 186 51. Section 5: Scleral and Episcleral Diseases - p. 188 52. 4.11. Episcleritis and Scleritis - p. 189 53. Section 6: Corneal Diseases - p. 195 54. 4.12. Bacterial Keratitis - p. 197 55. 4.13. Fungal Keratitis - p. 204 56. 4.14. Parasitic Keratitis - p. 207 57. 4.15. Herpes Simplex Keratitis - p. 211 58. 4.16. Peripheral Ulcerative Keratitis - p. 217 59. 4.17. Noninfectious Keratitis - p. 222 60. 4.18. Keratoconus and Other Ectasias - p. 233 61. 4.19. Anterior Corneal Dystrophies - p. 237 62. 4.20. Stromal Corneal Dystrophies - p. 240 63. 4.21. Diseases of the Corneal Endothelium - p. 246 64. 4.22. Corneal Degenerations - p. 251 65. 4.23. Dry Eye Disease - p. 256 66. Section 7: Miscellaneous Conditions - p. 261 67. 4.24. Complications of Contact Lens Wear - p. 262 68. 4.25. Corneal and External Eye Manifestations of Systemic Disease - p. 267 69. Section 8: Trauma - p. 272 70. 4.26. Acid and Alkali Burns - p. 273 71. Section 9: Surgery - p. 276 72. 4.27. Endothelial Keratoplasty: Targeted Treatment for Corneal Endothelial Dysfunction - p. 277 73. 4.28. Penetrating Keratoplasty - p. 282 74. 4.29. Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty - p. 286 75. 4.30. Superficial Corneal Procedures and Corneal Collagen Cross-linking - p. 289 76. 4.31. Artificial Cornea (Keratoprosthesis) - p. 291 77. 4.32. Conjunctival Surgery - p. 294 78. 4.33. Surgical Ocular Surface Reconstruction - p. 298 79. 4.34. Management of Corneal Thinning, Melting, and Perforation - p. 303 80. Part 5: The Lens - p. 305 81. 5.1. Basic Science of the Lens - p. 307.e1 82. 5.2. Evolution of Intraocular Lens Implantation - p. 308 83. 5.3. Intraocular Lens Optics - p. 309 84. 5.4. Bag-in-the-Lens Cataract Surgery - p. 311 85. 5.5. Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Causes, Morphology, and Visual Effects of Cataract - p. 314 86. 5.6. Patient Workup for Cataract Surgery - p. 320 87. 5.7. Intraocular Lens Power Calculations - p. 324 88. 5.8. Indications for Lens Surgery/Indications for Application of Different Lens Surgery Techniques - p. 329 89. 5.9. The Pharmacotherapy of Cataract Surgery - p. 337 90. 5.10. Anesthesia for Cataract Surgery - p. 343 91. 5.11. Phacoemulsification Fluidics - p. 348 92. 5.12. Refractive Aspects of Cataract Surgery - p. 352.e1 93. 5.13. Small-Incision and Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Cataract Surgery - p. 353 94. 5.14. Capsulectomy: Modern Devices Apart From FLACS - p. 360 95. 5.15. Manual Cataract Extraction - p. 364.e1 96. 5.16. Combined Procedures - p. 365 97. 5.17. Cataract Surgery in Complex Eyes - p. 369.e1 98. 5.18. Pediatric Cataract Surgery - p. 370 99. 5.19. Complications of Cataract Surgery - p. 374 100. 5.20. Secondary Cataract - p. 386 101. 5.21. Outcomes of Cataract Surgery - p. 391 102. Part 6: Retina and Vitreous - p. 393 103. Section 1: Anatomy - p. 393 104. 6.1. Structure of the Neural Retina and Retinal Pigment Epithelium - p. 395 105. 6.2. Retinal and Choroidal Circulation - p. 399 106. Section 2: Ancillary Tests - p. 403 107. 6.3. Contact B-Scan Ultrasonography - p. 404 108. 6.4. Camera-Based Ancillary Retinal Testing: Autofluorescence, Fluorescein, and Indocyanine Green Angiography - p. 407 109. 6.5. Optical Coherence Tomography in Retinal Imaging - p. 415 110. 6.6. Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography - p. 421 111. 6.7. Retinal Electrophysiology - p. 424 112. Section 3: Basic Principles of Retinal Surgery - p. 426 113. 6.8. Light and Laser Injury - p. 428 114. 6.9. Scleral Buckling Surgery - p. 433 115. 6.10. Vitrectomy - p. 438 116. 6.11. Intravitreal Injections and Medication Implants - p. 443 117. Section 4: Dystrophies - p. 445 118. 6.12. Progressive and “Stationary” Inherited Retinal Degenerations - p. 447 119. 6.13. Inherited Retinal Diseases - p. 458 120. Section 5: Vascular Disorders - p. 472 121. 6.14. Hypertensive Retinopathy - p. 473 122. 6.15. Retinal Arterial Obstruction - p. 477 123. 6.16. Venous Occlusive Disease of the Retina - p. 485 124. 6.17. Retinopathy of Prematurity - p. 494 125. 6.18. Diabetic Retinopathy - p. 500 126. 6.19. Ocular Ischemic Syndrome - p. 507 127. 6.20. Hemoglobinopathies - p. 511 128. 6.21. Coats’ Disease and Macular Telangiectasia - p. 516 129. 6.22. Radiation Retinopathy and Papillopathy - p. 522 130. 6.23. Retinal Arterial Macroaneurysms - p. 527 131. Section 6: Macular Disorders - p. 532 132. 6.24. Age-Related Macular Degeneration - p. 533 133. 6.25. Secondary Causes of Choroidal Neovascularization - p. 555 134. 6.26. Central Serous Chorioretinopathy - p. 559 135. 6.27. Full-Thickness Macular Hole - p. 564 136. 6.28. Epiretinal Membrane - p. 568 137. 6.29. Vitreomacular Traction - p. 574 138. 6.30. Cystoid Macular Edema - p. 578 139. Section 7: Retinal Detachment - p. 583 140. 6.31. Peripheral Retinal Lesions and Retinal Breaks - p. 585 141. 6.32. Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment - p. 590 142. 6.33. Serous Detachments of the Neural Retina - p. 597 143. 6.34. Suprachoroidal Hemorrhage - p. 604 144. 6.35. Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy - p. 609 145. Section 8: Trauma - p. 613 146. 6.36. Posterior Segment Ocular Trauma - p. 614 147. 6.37. Distant Trauma With Posterior Segment Effects - p. 620 148. 6.38. Retinal Toxicity of Systemically Administered Drugs - p. 624 149. Part 7: Uveitis and Other Intraocular Inflammations - p. 629 150. Section 1: Basic Principles - p. 629 151. 7.1. Anatomy of the Uvea - p. 631 152. 7.2. General Approach to the Uveitis Patient and Treatment Strategies - p. 634 153. Section 2: Infectious Causes of Uveitis–Viral - p. 639 154. 7.3. Herpetic Viral Uveitis - p. 639 155. 7.4. Nonherpetic Viral Infections: West Nile, Chikungunya, Zika, Ebola, HTLV-1, Measles, Rubella - p. 644 156. Section 3: Infectious Causes of Uveitis–Bacterial - p. 647 157. 7.5. Syphilitic and Other Spirochetal Uveitis - p. 648 158. 7.6. Tuberculosis, Leprosy, and Brucellosis - p. 655 159. 7.7. Bartonella-Related Infectious Uveitis (Cat Scratch Disease) and Whipple’s Disease - p. 659 160. 7.8. Infectious Endophthalmitis - p. 662 161. Section 4: Infectious Causes of Uveitis–Fungal - p. 667 162. 7.9. Histoplasmosis - p. 669 163. 7.10. Fungal Endophthalmitis - p. 673 164. Section 5: Infectious Causes of Uveitis–Protozoal and Parasitic - p. 676 165. 7.11. Ocular Toxoplasmosis - p. 678 166. 7.12. Posterior Parasitic Uveitis - p. 684 167. Section 6: Uveitis Associated with Systemic Disease - p. 687 168. 7.13. Uveitis Related to HLA-B27 and Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis–Associated Uveitis - p. 688 169. 7.14. Sarcoidosis - p. 693 170. 7.15. Behçet’s Disease - p. 698 171. 7.16. Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada Disease - p. 701 172. Section 7: Traumatic Uveitis - p. 703 173. 7.17. Phacogenic Uveitis - p. 704 174. 7.18. Sympathetic Uveitis - p. 707 175. Section 8: Uveitis of Unknown Causes - p. 709 176. 7.19. Idiopathic and Other Anterior Uveitis Syndromes - p. 710 177. 7.20. Pars Planitis and Other Intermediate Uveitides - p. 714 178. 7.21. Posterior Uveitis of Unknown Cause—White Spot Syndromes - p. 719 179. Section 9: Masquerade Syndromes - p. 731 180. 7.22. Masquerade Syndromes: Neoplasms - p. 732 181. Part 8: Intraocular Tumors - p. 736 182. 8.1. Tumors of the Retina and Optic Disc - p. 737 183. 8.2. Tumors of the Uvea - p. 763 184. 8.3. Tumors (Solid and Cystic) of the Pigmented and Nonpigmented Epithelium - p. 772 185. 8.4. Phakomatoses - p. 782 186. Part 9: Neuro-Ophthalmology - p. 793 187. Section 1: Imaging in Neuro-Ophthalmology - p. 793 188. 9.1. Principles of Imaging in Neuro-ophthalmology - p. 795 189. 9.2. Optical Coherence Tomography in Neuro-ophthalmology - p. 802 190. Section 2: The Afferent Visual System - p. 811 191. 9.3. Anatomy and Physiology - p. 812 192. 9.4. Differentiation of Optic Nerve From Macular Retinal Disease - p. 815 193. 9.5. Congenital Optic Disc Anomalies - p. 817 194. 9.6. Papilledema and Raised Intracranial Pressure - p. 821 195. 9.7. Inflammatory Optic Neuropathies and Neuroretinitis - p. 825 196. 9.8. Ischemic Optic Neuropathy - p. 830 197. 9.9. Mitochondrial Optic Neuropathies - p. 835 198. 9.10. Prechiasmal Pathways—Compression by Optic Nerve and Sheath Tumors - p. 840 199. 9.11. Traumatic Optic Neuropathies - p. 845 200. 9.12. Lesions of the Optic Chiasm, Parasellar Region, and Pituitary Fossa - p. 847 201. 9.13. Lesions of Retrochiasmal Pathways, Higher Cortical Function, and Nonorganic Visual Loss - p. 856 202. Section 3: The Efferent Visual System - p. 860 203. 9.14. Disorders of Supranuclear Control of Ocular Motility - p. 862 204. 9.15. Nuclear and Fascicular Disorders of Eye Movement - p. 869 205. 9.16. Paresis of Isolated and Multiple Cranial Nerves and Painful Ophthalmoplegia - p. 874 206. 9.17. SECTION 3The Efferent Visual SystemDisorders of the Neuromuscular Junction - p. 883 207. 9.18 SECTION 3 The Efferent Visual System. Ocular Myopathies - p. 889 208. 9.19. Nystagmus, Saccadic Intrusions, and Oscillations - p. 894 209. 9.20. Pupillary Signs of Neuro-ophthalmic Disease - p. 902 210. Section 4: The Brain - p. 909 211. 9.21. Headache and Facial Pain - p. 911 212. 9.22. Tumors, Infections, Inflammations, and Neurodegenerations - p. 920 213. Section 5: Neuro-Ophthalmologic Emergencies - p. 925 214. 9.23. Urgent Neuro-ophthalmic Disorders - p. 927 215. 9.24. Trauma, Drugs, and Toxins - p. 932 216. 9.25. Vascular Disorders - p. 936 217. 9.26. Electrophysiology - p. 943 218. Part 10: Glaucoma - p. 945 219. Section 1: Epidemiology and Mechanisms of Glaucoma - p. 945 220. 10.1. Epidemiology of Glaucoma - p. 947 221. 10.2. Screening for Glaucoma - p. 953 222. 10.3. Mechanisms of Glaucoma - p. 958 223. Section 2: Evaluation and Diagnosis - p. 964 224. 10.4. Clinical Examination of Glaucoma - p. 965 225. 10.5. Visual Fields - p. 973 226. 10.6. Diagnostic Technologies - p. 982 227. 10.7. Optic Nerve Blood Flow Measurement - p. 990 228. 10.8. Ocular Hypertension - p. 991 229. Section 3: Specific Types of Glaucoma - p. 992 230. 10.9. Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma - p. 993 231. 10.10. Normal-Tension Glaucoma - p. 998 232. 10.11. Angle-Closure Glaucoma - p. 1001 233. 10.12. Glaucoma Associated With (Pseudo)Exfoliation Syndrome - p. 1010 234. 10.13. Pigmentary Glaucoma - p. 1014 235. 10.14. Neovascular Glaucoma - p. 1017 236. 10.15. Inflammatory and Corticosteroid-Induced Glaucoma - p. 1021 237. 10.16. Glaucoma Associated With Ocular Trauma - p. 1026 238. 10.17. Glaucoma With Elevated Episcleral Venous Pressure - p. 1032 239. 10.18. Malignant Glaucoma - p. 1034 240. 10.19. Glaucomas Secondary to Abnormalities of the Cornea, Iris, Retina, and Intraocular Tumors - p. 1036 241. 10.20. Congenital Glaucoma - p. 1043 242. Section 4: Therapy - p. 1048 243. 10.21. When to Treat Glaucoma - p. 1049 244. 10.22. Current Medical Management of Glaucoma - p. 1054 245. 10.23. Laser Trabeculoplasty and Laser Peripheral Iridectomy - p. 1060 246. 10.24. Cyclodestructive Procedures in Glaucoma - p. 1065 247. 10.25. Goniotomy and Trabeculotomy - p. 1069 248. 10.26. Microinvasive Glaucoma Surgeries - p. 1074 249. 10.27. Trabeculectomy - p. 1081 250. 10.28. Antifibrotic Agents in Glaucoma Surgery - p. 1087 251. 10.29. Drainage Implants - p. 1094 252. 10.30. Complications of Glaucoma Surgery and Their Management - p. 1099 253. 10.31. Genes Associated With Human Glaucoma - p. 1105 254. 10.32. Evidence-Based Medicine in Glaucoma - p. 1108 255. Part 11: Pediatric and Adult Strabismus - p. 1114 256. Section 1: Basic Science - p. 1114 257. 11.1. Anatomy and Physiology of the Extraocular Muscles and Surrounding Tissues - p. 1115 258. Section 2: Evaluation and Diagnosis - p. 1119 259. 11.2. Evaluating Vision in Preverbal and Preliterate Infants and Children - p. 1120 260. 11.3. Examination of Ocular Alignment and Eye Movements - p. 1124 261. 11.4. Sensory Status in Strabismus - p. 1130 262. 11.5. Sensory Adaptations in Strabismus - p. 1135 263. Section 3: Ocular Manifestations - p. 1137 264. 11.6. Esotropia - p. 1138 265. 11.7. Exotropia - p. 1145 266. 11.8. Torsional Strabismus - p. 1149 267. 11.9. Paralytic Strabismus - p. 1157 268. 11.10. Other Vertical Strabismus Forms - p. 1165 269. 11.11. Amblyopia - p. 1169 270. Section 4: Treatment - p. 1174 271. 11.12. Forms of Nonsurgical Strabismus Management - p. 1175 272. 11.13. Techniques of Strabismus Surgery - p. 1178 273. Part 12: Orbit and Oculoplastics - p. 1186 274. Section 1: Orbital Anatomy and Imaging - p. 1186 275. 12.1. Clinical Anatomy of the Eyelids - p. 1187 276. 12.2. Clinical Anatomy of the Orbit - p. 1190 277. 12.3. Orbital Imaging - p. 1196 278. Section 2: Eyelids - p. 1199 279. 12.4. Blepharoptosis - p. 1200 280. 12.5. Entropion - p. 1206 281. 12.6. Ectropion - p. 1212 282. 12.7. Benign Eyelid Lesions - p. 1219 283. 12.8. Eyelid Malignancies - p. 1230 284. 12.9. Evaluation and Management of Periorbital Soft Tissue Trauma - p. 1236 285. Section 3: Orbit and Lacrimal Gland - p. 1242 286. 12.10. Orbital Diseases - p. 1243 287. 12.11. Enucleation, Evisceration, and Exenteration - p. 1258 288. 12.12. The Lacrimal Drainage System - p. 1266 289. 12.13. Thyroid Eye Disease - p. 1272 290. 12.14. Orbital Infection and Inflammation - p. 1280 291. Section 4: Periorbital Aesthetic Procedures - p. 1284 292. 12.15. Cosmetic Blepharoplasty and Browplasty - p. 1285 293. 12.16. Aesthetic Fillers and Botulinum Toxin for Wrinkle Reduction - p. 1292 294. Index - p. 1299
