Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology

1. Cover image - p. i 2. Title page - p. i 3. Table of Contents - p. i 4. Copyright - p. iv 5. Dedication - p. v 6. Contributors - p. vi 7. Preface - p. vii 8. Learning Resources - p. vii 9. Videos - p. vii 10. 1: Developmental Defects of the Oral and Maxillofacial Region - p. 1 11. 2: Abnormalities of Teeth - p. 51 12. ⧫ General Considerations - p. 51 13. Environmental Alterations of Teeth - p. 51 14. Developmental Alterations of Teeth - p. 74 15. Bibliography - p. 111 16. General References - p. 111 17. Environmental Effects on Tooth Structure Development - p. 111 18. Postdevelopmental Loss of Tooth Structure - p. 112 19. Discoloration of Teeth - p. 113 20. Localized Disturbances in Eruption - p. 113 21. Developmental Alterations in Number of Teeth - p. 113 22. Developmental Alterations in Size of Teeth - p. 114 23. Gemination, Fusion, Concrescence - p. 114 24. Accessory Cusps - p. 114 25. Dens Invaginatus - p. 114 26. Ectopic Enamel - p. 114 27. Taurodontism - p. 114 28. Hypercementosis - p. 115 29. Dilaceration - p. 115 30. Supernumerary Roots - p. 115 31. Globodontia - p. 115 32. Lobodontia - p. 115 33. Amelogenesis Imperfecta - p. 115 34. Dentinogenesis Imperfecta - p. 116 35. Radicular Dentin Dysplasia - p. 116 36. Regional Odontodysplasia - p. 116 37. 3: Pulpal and Periapical Disease - p. 117 38. 4: Periodontal Diseases - p. 147 39. 5: Bacterial Infections - p. 172 40. 6: Fungal and Protozoal Diseases - p. 201 41. 7: Viral Infections - p. 229 42. 8: Physical and Chemical Injuries - p. 272 43. 9: Allergies and Immunologic Diseases - p. 321 44. 10: Epithelial Pathology - p. 354 45. ⧫ Benign Epithelial Lesions Associated With Human Papillomavirus - p. 354 46. ⧫ Molluscum Contagiosum - p. 364 47. ⧫ Verruciform Xanthoma - p. 365 48. ⧫ Seborrheic Keratosis - p. 366 49. ⧫ Sebaceous Hyperplasia - p. 368 50. ⧫ Ephelis (Freckle) - p. 368 51. ⧫ Actinic Lentigo (Lentigo Solaris; Solar Lentigo; Age Spot; Liver Spot; Senile Lentigo) - p. 369 52. ⧫ Lentigo Simplex - p. 370 53. ⧫ Melasma (Mask of Pregnancy; Chloasma) - p. 371 54. ⧫ Oral Melanotic Macule (Focal Melanosis) - p. 372 55. ⧫ Oral Melanoacanthoma (Melanoacanthosis) - p. 373 56. ⧫ Melanocytic Nevus (Nevocellular Nevus; Mole) - p. 375 57. ⧫ Acquired Melanocytic Nevus - p. 375 58. ⧫ Congenital Melanocytic Nevus - p. 379 59. ⧫ Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders - p. 381 60. ⧫ Leukoplakia (Leukokeratosis; Erythroleukoplakia) - p. 381 61. ⧫ Erythroplakia (Erythroplasia; Erythroplasia of Queyrat) - p. 390 62. ⧫ Smokeless Tobacco Use and Smokeless Tobacco Keratosis (Snuff Pouch; Snuff Dipper’s Lesion; Tobacco Pouch Keratosis; Spit Tobacco Keratosis) - p. 391 63. ⧫ Oral Submucous Fibrosis - p. 394 64. ⧫ Actinic Cheilosis (Actinic Cheilitis; Solar Cheilosis) - p. 396 65. ⧫ Actinic Keratosis (Solar Keratosis) - p. 397 66. ⧫ Nicotine Stomatitis (Nicotine Palatinus; Smoker’s Palate) - p. 398 67. ⧫ Keratoacanthoma (“Self-Healing” Carcinoma; Pseudocarcinoma; Keratocarcinoma; Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Keratoacanthoma Type) - p. 399 68. ⧫ Squamous Cell Carcinoma - p. 401 69. ⧫ Verrucous Carcinoma (Snuff Dipper’s Cancer; Ackerman’s Tumor) - p. 422 70. ⧫ Spindle Cell Carcinoma (Sarcomatoid Squamous Cell Carcinoma; Polypoid Squamous Cell Carcinoma; Carcinosarcoma; Pseudosarcoma) - p. 424 71. ⧫ Adenosquamous Carcinoma - p. 425 72. ⧫ Basaloid Squamous Carcinoma (Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma) - p. 426 73. ⧫ Carcinoma of the Maxillary Sinus - p. 426 74. ⧫ Sinonasal Undifferentiated Carcinoma - p. 427 75. ⧫ Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma - p. 429 76. ⧫ Basal Cell Carcinoma (Basal Cell Epithelioma; Rodent Ulcer) - p. 430 77. ⧫ Merkel Cell Carcinoma (Merkel Cell Tumor; Primary Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of Skin; Small Cell Carcinoma of Skin; Trabecular Carcinoma of Skin; Toker Tumor) - p. 434 78. ⧫ Melanoma (Malignant Melanoma; Melanocarcinoma) - p. 435 79. Bibliography - p. 443 80. Benign Epithelial Lesions Associated with Human Papillomavirus - p. 443 81. Squamous Papilloma - p. 444 82. Verruca Vulgaris - p. 444 83. Condyloma Acuminatum - p. 444 84. Multifocal Epithelial Hyperplasia - p. 444 85. Sinonasal Papillomas - p. 445 86. Molluscum Contagiosum - p. 445 87. Verruciform Xanthoma - p. 446 88. Seborrheic Keratosis - p. 446 89. Sebaceous Hyperplasia - p. 446 90. Ephelis - p. 446 91. Actinic Lentigo - p. 446 92. Lentigo Simplex - p. 446 93. Melasma - p. 447 94. Oral Melanotic Macule - p. 447 95. Oral Melanoacanthoma - p. 447 96. Melanocytic Nevus - p. 447 97. Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders - p. 448 98. Leukoplakia - p. 449 99. Erythroplakia - p. 450 100. Smokeless Tobacco Keratosis - p. 451 101. Oral Submucous Fibrosis - p. 451 102. Nicotine Stomatitis - p. 451 103. Actinic Keratosis - p. 451 104. Actinic Cheilosis - p. 452 105. Keratoacanthoma - p. 452 106. Squamous Cell Carcinoma - p. 452 107. Verrucous Carcinoma - p. 456 108. Spindle Cell Carcinoma - p. 456 109. Adenosquamous Carcinoma - p. 456 110. Basaloid Squamous Carcinoma - p. 457 111. Carcinoma of the Maxillary Sinus - p. 457 112. Sinonasal Undifferentiated Carcinoma - p. 457 113. Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma - p. 458 114. Basal Cell Carcinoma - p. 458 115. Merkel Cell Carcinoma - p. 458 116. Melanoma - p. 459 117. 11: Salivary Gland Pathology - p. 460 118. ⧫ Salivary Gland Aplasia/Hypoplasia - p. 460 119. ⧫ Mucocele (Mucus Extravasation Phenomenon; Mucus Escape Reaction) - p. 460 120. ⧫ Ranula - p. 462 121. ⧫ Salivary Duct Cyst (Mucus Retention Cyst; Mucus Duct Cyst; Sialocyst) - p. 463 122. ⧫ Sialolithiasis (Salivary Calculi; Salivary Stones) - p. 465 123. ⧫ Sialadenitis - p. 467 124. ⧫ Cheilitis Glandularis - p. 468 125. ⧫ Sialorrhea (Ptyalism) - p. 469 126. ⧫ Xerostomia - p. 470 127. ⧫ IgG4-Related Disease - p. 471 128. ⧫ Sjögren Syndrome - p. 472 129. ⧫ Sialadenosis (Sialosis) - p. 476 130. ⧫ Adenomatoid Hyperplasia of the Minor Salivary Glands - p. 477 131. ⧫ Necrotizing Sialometaplasia - p. 477 132. Salivary Gland Tumors - p. 479 133. Bibliography - p. 506 134. Salivary Gland Aplasia - p. 506 135. Mucocele - p. 506 136. Ranula - p. 506 137. Salivary Duct Cyst - p. 506 138. Sialolithiasis - p. 506 139. Sialadenitis - p. 507 140. Cheilitis Glandularis - p. 507 141. Sialorrhea - p. 507 142. Xerostomia - p. 507 143. IgG4-Related Disease - p. 507 144. Sjögren Syndrome - p. 507 145. Sialadenosis - p. 508 146. Adenomatoid Hyperplasia - p. 508 147. Necrotizing Sialometaplasia - p. 508 148. Salivary Gland Tumors: General Considerations - p. 508 149. Pleomorphic Adenoma - p. 509 150. Oncocytoma and Oncocytosis - p. 509 151. Warthin Tumor - p. 509 152. Canalicular Adenoma - p. 509 153. Basal Cell Adenoma - p. 510 154. Salivary Papillomas - p. 510 155. Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma - p. 510 156. Intraosseous Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma - p. 511 157. Acinic Cell Carcinoma - p. 511 158. Secretory Carcinoma - p. 511 159. Malignant Mixed Tumors - p. 511 160. Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma - p. 512 161. Polymorphous Adenocarcinoma - p. 512 162. Salivary Adenocarcinoma, Not Otherwise Specified - p. 513 163. 12: Soft Tissue Tumors - p. 514 164. ⧫ Fibroma (Irritation Fibroma; Traumatic Fibroma; Focal Fibrous Hyperplasia; Fibrous Nodule) - p. 514 165. ⧫ Giant Cell Fibroma - p. 514 166. ⧫ Epulis Fissuratum (Inflammatory Fibrous Hyperplasia; Denture Injury Tumor; Denture Epulis) - p. 517 167. ⧫ Inflammatory Papillary Hyperplasia (Denture Papillomatosis) - p. 519 168. ⧫ Fibrous Histiocytoma - p. 520 169. ⧫ Solitary Fibrous Tumor - p. 521 170. ⧫ Fibromatosis (Desmoid-Type Fibromatosis) - p. 523 171. ⧫ Myofibroma (Myofibromatosis) - p. 523 172. ⧫ Oral Focal Mucinosis - p. 524 173. ⧫ Pyogenic Granuloma (Lobular Capillary Hemangioma) - p. 525 174. ⧫ Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma - p. 527 175. ⧫ Peripheral Ossifying Fibroma (Ossifying Fibroid Epulis; Peripheral Fibroma with Calcification) - p. 529 176. ⧫ Lipoma - p. 530 177. ⧫ Traumatic Neuroma (Amputation Neuroma) - p. 532 178. ⧫ Palisaded Encapsulated Neuroma (Solitary Circumscribed Neuroma) - p. 533 179. ⧫ Schwannoma (Neurilemoma) - p. 534 180. ⧫ Neurofibroma - p. 534 181. ⧫ Neurofibromatosis Type I (von Recklinghausen Disease of the Skin) - p. 537 182. ⧫ Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2B - p. 540 183. ⧫ Melanotic Neuroectodermal Tumor of Infancy - p. 541 184. ⧫ Paraganglioma (Carotid Body Tumor; Chemodectoma; Glomus Jugulare Tumor; Glomus Tympanicum Tumor) - p. 543 185. ⧫ Granular Cell Tumor - p. 544 186. ⧫ Congenital Epulis (Congenital Epulis of the Newborn; Congenital Granular Cell Lesion) - p. 546 187. ⧫ Hemangioma and Vascular Malformations - p. 547 188. ⧫ Sturge-Weber Syndrome (Encephalotrigeminal Angiomatosis; Sturge-Weber Angiomatosis) - p. 551 189. ⧫ Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma - p. 552 190. ⧫ Lymphatic Malformations (Lymphangioma; Cystic Hygroma) - p. 553 191. ⧫ Leiomyoma - p. 555 192. ⧫ Rhabdomyoma - p. 557 193. ⧫ Ectomesenchymal Chondromyxoid Tumor - p. 558 194. ⧫ Osseous and Cartilaginous Choristomas - p. 559 195. ⧫ Fibrosarcoma - p. 559 196. ⧫ Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma (Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma) - p. 560 197. ⧫ Liposarcoma - p. 561 198. ⧫ Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor (Malignant Schwannoma; Neurofibrosarcoma; Neurogenic Sarcoma) - p. 562 199. ⧫ Olfactory Neuroblastoma (Esthesioneuroblastoma) - p. 562 200. ⧫ Angiosarcoma - p. 563 201. ⧫ Kaposi Sarcoma - p. 564 202. ⧫ Leiomyosarcoma - p. 565 203. ⧫ Rhabdomyosarcoma - p. 566 204. ⧫ Synovial Sarcoma - p. 567 205. ⧫ Alveolar Soft-Part Sarcoma - p. 568 206. ⧫ Metastases to the Oral Soft Tissues - p. 569 207. Bibliography - p. 570 208. Fibroma and Giant Cell Fibroma - p. 570 209. Epulis Fissuratum - p. 570 210. Inflammatory Papillary Hyperplasia - p. 570 211. Fibrous Histiocytoma - p. 571 212. Solitary Fibrous Tumor - p. 571 213. Fibromatosis - p. 571 214. Myofibroma (Myofibromatosis) - p. 571 215. Oral Focal Mucinosis - p. 571 216. Pyogenic Granuloma - p. 571 217. Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma - p. 572 218. Peripheral Ossifying Fibroma - p. 572 219. Lipoma - p. 572 220. Traumatic Neuroma - p. 572 221. Palisaded Encapsulated Neuroma - p. 572 222. Schwannoma and Neurofibroma - p. 573 223. Neurofibromatosis Type I - p. 573 224. Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2B - p. 573 225. Melanotic Neuroectodermal Tumor of Infancy - p. 573 226. Paraganglioma - p. 574 227. Granular Cell Tumor - p. 574 228. Congenital Epulis - p. 574 229. Hemangioma and Vascular Malformations - p. 574 230. Sturge-Weber Syndrome - p. 574 231. Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma - p. 574 232. Lymphatic Malformations - p. 575 233. Leiomyoma - p. 575 234. Rhabdomyoma - p. 575 235. Ectomesenchymal Chondromyxoid Tumor - p. 575 236. Osseous and Cartilaginous Choristomas - p. 575 237. Soft Tissue Sarcomas - p. 575 238. Fibrosarcoma - p. 576 239. Undifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma - p. 576 240. Liposarcoma - p. 576 241. Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor - p. 576 242. Olfactory Neuroblastoma - p. 576 243. Angiosarcoma - p. 576 244. Kaposi Sarcoma - p. 576 245. Leiomyosarcoma - p. 577 246. Rhabdomyosarcoma - p. 577 247. 13: Hematologic Disorders - p. 578 248. 14: Bone Pathology - p. 618 249. ⧫ Osteogenesis Imperfecta (“Brittle Bone Disease”) - p. 618 250. ⧫ Osteopetrosis (Albers-Schönberg Disease; Marble Bone Disease) - p. 620 251. ⧫ Cleidocranial Dysplasia (Cleidocranial Dysostosis; Scheuthauer-Marie-Sainton syndrome; Marie-Sainton Disease) - p. 623 252. ⧫ Focal Osteoporotic Marrow Defect - p. 625 253. ⧫ Idiopathic Osteosclerosis - p. 626 254. ⧫ Massive Osteolysis (Gorham Disease; Gorham-Stout Syndrome; Vanishing Bone Disease; Phantom Bone Disease; Idiopathic Osteolysis) - p. 627 255. ⧫ Paget Disease of Bone (Osteitis Deformans) - p. 628 256. ⧫ Central Giant Cell Granuloma (Giant Cell Lesion; Giant Cell Tumor) - p. 631 257. ⧫ Giant Cell Tumor (“True Giant Cell Tumor”) - p. 633 258. ⧫ Cherubism - p. 634 259. ⧫ Simple Bone Cyst (Traumatic Bone Cyst; Hemorrhagic Bone Cyst; Solitary Bone Cyst; Idiopathic Bone Cavity; Unicameral Bone Cyst) - p. 636 260. ⧫ Aneurysmal Bone Cyst - p. 638 261. ⧫ Central Xanthoma of the Jaws (Primary Xanthoma of Bone; Primary Intraosseous Xanthoma; Fibrous Xanthoma of Bone; Fibroxanthoma of Bone) - p. 640 262. Fibro-Osseous Lesions of the Jaws - p. 641 263. Bibliography - p. 674 264. Osteogenesis Imperfecta - p. 674 265. Osteopetrosis - p. 675 266. Cleidocranial Dysplasia - p. 675 267. Focal Osteoporotic Marrow Defect - p. 675 268. Idiopathic Osteosclerosis - p. 675 269. Massive Osteolysis - p. 675 270. Paget Disease of Bone - p. 676 271. Central Giant Cell Granuloma - p. 676 272. Cherubism - p. 677 273. Simple Bone Cyst - p. 677 274. Aneurysmal Bone Cyst - p. 677 275. Central Xanthoma of the Jaws - p. 678 276. Fibro-Osseous Lesions—General Aspects and Classification - p. 678 277. Fibrous Dysplasia - p. 678 278. Cemento-Osseous Dysplasias - p. 678 279. Familial Gigantiform Cementoma - p. 679 280. Cemento-Ossifying Fibroma - p. 679 281. Juvenile Ossifying Fibroma - p. 680 282. Osteoma - p. 680 283. Gardner Syndrome - p. 680 284. Osteoblastoma and Osteoid Osteoma - p. 681 285. Cementoblastoma - p. 681 286. Chondroma - p. 681 287. Chondromyxoid Fibroma - p. 681 288. Synovial Chondromatosis - p. 681 289. Desmoplastic Fibroma - p. 682 290. Osteosarcoma - p. 682 291. Post-irradiation Bone Sarcoma - p. 683 292. Chondrosarcoma - p. 683 293. Ewing Sarcoma - p. 683 294. Metastatic Tumors to the Jaws - p. 684 295. 15: Odontogenic Cysts and Tumors - p. 685 296. Odontogenic Cysts - p. 685 297. Odontogenic Tumors - p. 707 298. Tumors of Odontogenic Epithelium - p. 707 299. Mixed Odontogenic Tumors - p. 724 300. Tumors of Odontogenic Ectomesenchyme - p. 731 301. Bibliography - p. 737 302. Odontogenic Cysts and Tumors—General References and Classification - p. 737 303. Dentigerous Cyst - p. 737 304. Eruption Cyst - p. 738 305. Primordial Cyst - p. 738 306. Odontogenic Keratocyst - p. 738 307. Orthokeratinized Odontogenic Cysts - p. 739 308. Nevoid Basal Cell Carcinoma Syndrome - p. 739 309. Gingival Cyst of the Newborn - p. 739 310. Gingival Cyst of the Adult - p. 739 311. Lateral Periodontal Cyst - p. 739 312. Calcifying Odontogenic Cyst - p. 740 313. Glandular Odontogenic Cyst - p. 740 314. 16: Dermatologic Diseases - p. 747 315. ⧫ Ectodermal Dysplasia - p. 747 316. ⧫ White Sponge Nevus (Cannon Disease) - p. 748 317. ⧫ Hereditary Benign Intraepithelial Dyskeratosis (Witkop-Von Sallmann Syndrome) - p. 749 318. ⧫ Pachyonychia Congenita (Jadassohn-Lewandowsky Type; Jackson-Lawler Type) - p. 750 319. ⧫ Dyskeratosis Congenita (Cole-Engman Syndrome; Zinsser-Cole-Engman Syndrome) - p. 752 320. ⧫ Xeroderma Pigmentosum - p. 753 321. ⧫ Hereditary Mucoepithelial Dysplasia - p. 754 322. ⧫ Incontinentia Pigmenti (Bloch-Sulzberger Syndrome) - p. 755 323. ⧫ Darier Disease (Keratosis Follicularis; Dyskeratosis Follicularis; Darier-White Disease) - p. 756 324. ⧫ Warty Dyskeratoma (Isolated Darier Disease; Isolated Dyskeratosis Follicularis; Focal Acantholytic Dyskeratosis; Follicular Dyskeratoma) - p. 757 325. ⧫ Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome - p. 758 326. ⧫ Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (Osler-Weber-Rendu Syndrome) - p. 759 327. ⧫ Ehlers-Danlos Syndromes - p. 760 328. ⧫ Tuberous Sclerosis (Epiloia; Bourneville-Pringle Syndrome) - p. 762 329. ⧫ Multiple Hamartoma Syndrome (Cowden Syndrome; PTEN Hamartoma-Tumor Syndrome) - p. 765 330. ⧫ Epidermolysis Bullosa - p. 766 331. ⧫ Pemphigus - p. 769 332. ⧫ Paraneoplastic Pemphigus (Neoplasia-Induced Pemphigus; Paraneoplastic Autoimmune Multiorgan Syndrome) - p. 774 333. ⧫ Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid (Cicatricial Pemphigoid; Benign Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid) - p. 775 334. ⧫ Bullous Pemphigoid - p. 780 335. ⧫ Erythema Multiforme - p. 781 336. ⧫ Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis - p. 783 337. ⧫ Erythema Migrans (Geographic Tongue; Benign Migratory Glossitis; Wandering Rash of the Tongue; Erythema Areata Migrans; Stomatitis Areata Migrans) - p. 784 338. ⧫ Reactive Arthritis (Reiter Syndrome) - p. 786 339. ⧫ Lichen Planus - p. 787 340. ⧫ Chronic Ulcerative Stomatitis - p. 792 341. ⧫ Graft-Versus-Host Disease - p. 794 342. ⧫ Psoriasis - p. 796 343. ⧫ Lupus Erythematosus - p. 798 344. ⧫ Systemic Sclerosis (Progressive Systemic Sclerosis; Scleroderma; Diffuse Cutaneous Systemic Sclerosis; Hide-Bound Disease) - p. 802 345. ⧫ CREST Syndrome (Acrosclerosis; Limited Scleroderma; Limited Cutaneous Systemic Sclerosis) - p. 806 346. ⧫ Acanthosis Nigricans - p. 807 347. Bibliography - p. 808 348. Ectodermal Dysplasia - p. 808 349. White Sponge Nevus - p. 808 350. Hereditary Benign Intraepithelial Dyskeratosis - p. 808 351. Pachyonychia Congenita - p. 809 352. Dyskeratosis Congenita - p. 809 353. Xeroderma Pigmentosum - p. 809 354. Hereditary Mucoepithelial Dysplasia - p. 809 355. Incontinentia Pigmenti - p. 810 356. Darier Disease - p. 810 357. Warty Dyskeratoma - p. 810 358. Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome - p. 810 359. Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia - p. 811 360. Ehlers-Danlos Syndromes - p. 811 361. Tuberous Sclerosis - p. 811 362. Multiple Hamartoma Syndrome - p. 812 363. Epidermolysis Bullosa - p. 812 364. Pemphigus - p. 813 365. Paraneoplastic Pemphigus - p. 813 366. Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid - p. 813 367. Bullous Pemphigoid - p. 814 368. Erythema Multiforme - p. 814 369. Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis - p. 815 370. Erythema Migrans - p. 815 371. Reactive Arthritis - p. 815 372. Lichen Planus - p. 815 373. Chronic Ulcerative Stomatitis - p. 816 374. Graft-Versus-Host Disease - p. 817 375. Psoriasis - p. 817 376. Lupus Erythematosus - p. 817 377. Systemic Sclerosis - p. 818 378. CREST Syndrome - p. 818 379. Acanthosis Nigricans - p. 818 380. 17: Oral Manifestations of Systemic Diseases - p. 819 381. 18: Facial Pain and Neuromuscular Diseases - p. 861 382. 19: Forensic Dentistry - p. 881 383. Appendix: Differential Diagnosis of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases - p. 914 384. Index - p. 936 385. Prescriptions for Oral Diseases - p. e33