Pediatric Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease

1. Cover image - p. i 2. Title page - p. ii 3. Table of Contents - p. iii 4. Copyright - p. iv 5. Dedication - p. v 6. Preface - p. vii 7. Contributors - p. ix 8. Interactive Assessments: Question and Answers - p. xvii 9. Section 1. Biologic Aspects of Gastrointestinal Function - p. xvii 10. 1. Development of the Gastrointestinal Tract - p. 2 11. 2. Basic Aspects of Digestion and Absorption - p. 11 12. 3. Bile Acid Physiology and Alterations in the Enterohepatic Circulation - p. 24 13. 4. The Gut Microbiome in Pediatrics - p. 32 14. 5. Gastrointestinal Mucosal Immunology and Mechanisms of Inflammation - p. 40 15. Section 2. Clinical Problems - p. 52.e3 16. 6. Chronic Abdominal Pain of Childhood and Adolescence - p. 54 17. 7. Approach to the Child with a Functional Gastrointestinal Disorder - p. 61 18. 8. Vomiting and Nausea - p. 70 19. 9. Diarrhea - p. 88 20. 10. Colic and Gastrointestinal Gas - p. 98 21. 11. Functional Constipation and Fecal Incontinence - p. 106 22. 12. Failure to Thrive/Growth Faltering - p. 119 23. 13. Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage - p. 125 24. 14. Obesity - p. 135 25. 15. Eating Disorders in Children and Adolescents - p. 148 26. 16. Jaundice: Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia - p. 159 27. 17. Ascites - p. 168 28. 18. Caustic Ingestion and Foreign Bodies - p. 179 29. Section 3. The Esophagus - p. 192.e4 30. 19. Developmental Anatomy and Physiology of the Esophagus - p. 194 31. 20. Congenital Malformations of the Esophagus - p. 202 32. 21. Gastroesophageal Reflux - p. 212 33. 22. Achalasia and Other Motor Disorders - p. 230 34. 23. Other Diseases of the Esophagus - p. 238 35. Section 4. The Stomach - p. 244.e2 36. 24. Developmental Anatomy and Physiology of the Stomach - p. 246 37. 25. Congenital Anomalies and Surgical Disorders of the Stomach - p. 253 38. 26. Gastritis, Gastropathy, and Ulcer Disease - p. 262 39. 27. Helicobacter pylori in Childhood - p. 275 40. Epidemiology - p. 275 41. Host Factors and Responses - p. 276 42. Bacterial Factors and Adaptations - p. 280 43. Disease Associations - p. 284 44. Diagnosis - p. 287 45. Treatment - p. 290 46. Conclusion - p. 292 47. 28. Gastric Motility Disorders - p. 293 48. 29. Bezoars - p. 303 49. Section 5. The Small and Large Intestine - p. 306.e2 50. 30. Anatomy and Physiology of the Small and Large Intestines - p. 308 51. 31. Maldigestion and Malabsorption - p. 321 52. 32. Protracted Diarrhea - p. 339 53. 33. Protein-Losing Enteropathy - p. 350 54. 34. Celiac Disease - p. 356 55. 35. Short Bowel Syndrome - p. 365 56. 36. Intestinal and Multivisceral Transplantation: Recent Advances - p. 376 57. 37. Allergic and Eosinophilic Gastrointestinal Disease - p. 388 58. 38. Infectious Diarrhea - p. 398 59. 39. Enteric Parasites - p. 416 60. 40. Gastrointestinal Manifestations of Immunodeficiency - p. 429 61. 41. Pediatric Polyposis Syndromes - p. 451 62. 42. Crohn Disease - p. 461 63. 43. Ulcerative Colitis in Children and Adolescents - p. 474 64. 44. Chronic Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction - p. 493 65. 45. Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis - p. 500 66. 46. Disorders of the Anorectum: Fissures, Fistulas, Prolapse, Hemorrhoids, Tags - p. 510 67. 47. Neoplasms of the Gastrointestinal Tract - p. 517 68. 48. Neoplasms of the Liver - p. 527 69. 49. Other Diseases of the Small Intestine and Colon - p. 534 70. 50. Appendicitis - p. 541 71. Section 6. Pediatric Surgical Disorders - p. 547.e2 72. 51. Intussusception in Infants and Children - p. 549 73. 52. Inguinal Hernias and Hydroceles - p. 555 74. 53. Meckel Diverticula and Other Omphalomesenteric Duct Remnants - p. 559 75. 54. Hirschsprung Disease - p. 563 76. 55. Imperforate Anus - p. 573 77. 56. Abnormal Rotation and Fixation of the Intestine - p. 581 78. 57. Small and Large Bowel Stenosis and Atresias - p. 588 79. 58. Newborn Abdominal Wall Defects - p. 593 80. 59. Stomas of the Small and Large Intestine - p. 603 81. Section 7. Gastrointestinal Procedures - p. 611.e2 82. 60. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy and Related Techniques - p. 613 83. Personnel - p. 613 84. Facilities - p. 613 85. Equipment - p. 614 86. Indications - p. 615 87. Contraindications - p. 615 88. Antibiotic Prophylaxis - p. 616 89. Preparation - p. 617 90. Sedation and Monitoring - p. 617 91. Anatomy - p. 618 92. Technique - p. 619 93. Biopsy Technique - p. 620 94. Stomach - p. 622 95. Therapeutic Endoscopy - p. 623 96. Injection - p. 624 97. Thermocoagulation - p. 624 98. Heater Probe - p. 625 99. Electrocoagulation - p. 626 100. Stricture Dilation - p. 628 101. Small Bowel Enteroscopy - p. 630 102. Wireless Capsule Endoscopy - p. 630 103. Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy - p. 630 104. Percutaneous Endoscopic Jejunostomy - p. 633 105. Polypectomy - p. 633 106. Special Endoscopic Techniques - p. 633 107. Endoscopic Ultrasonography - p. 635 108. Chromoendoscopy and Narrow Band Imaging - p. 636 109. Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy - p. 636 110. Additional Techniques - p. 636 111. Complications - p. 636 112. Overall Complication Rates and Sedation Related Complications - p. 636 113. 61. Colonoscopy, Polypectomy, and Related Techniques - p. 639 114. 62. Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography - p. 660 115. 63. Capsule Endoscopy and Small Bowel Enteroscopy - p. 672 116. 64. Gastrointestinal Motility Procedures - p. 679 117. 65. Gastrointestinal Pathology - p. 696 118. 66. Liver Pathology - p. 717 119. Section 8. The Liver and Bile Ducts - p. 732.e3 120. 67. Structural and Functional Development of the Hepatobiliary System - p. 734 121. 68. Neonatal Hepatitis - p. 744 122. 69. Biliary Atresia and Neonatal Disorders of the Bile Ducts - p. 757 123. 70. Pediatric Cholestatic Liver Disease - p. 769 124. 71. Mitochondrial Hepatopathies: Disorders of Fatty Acid Oxidation and the Respiratory Chain - p. 786 125. 72. Abnormalities of Hepatic Protein Metabolism - p. 794 126. 73. Abnormalities of Carbohydrate Metabolism and the Liver - p. 804 127. 74. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease - p. 812 128. 75. Acute and Chronic Hepatitis - p. 819 129. 76. Portal Hypertension - p. 838 130. 77. Liver Failure - p. 852 131. 78. Liver Transplantation in Children - p. 872 132. 79. Diseases of the Gallbladder - p. 885 133. Section 9. The Pancreas - p. 896.e5 134. 80. Pancreatic Development - p. 898 135. 81. Cystic Fibrosis and Congenital Anomalies of the Exocrine Pancreas - p. 905 136. 82. Pancreatitis - p. 922 137. 83. Total Pancreatectomy With Islet Autotransplantation - p. 932 138. 84. Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors - p. 938 139. 85. Infant and Toddler Nutrition - p. 949 140. Section 10. Nutrition - p. 961.e3 141. 86. Nutritional Assessment - p. 963 142. 87. Tubes for Enteric Access - p. 973 143. 88. Parenteral Nutrition - p. 980 144. 89. Enteral Nutrition - p. 995 145. 90. Management of Diarrhea - p. 1012 146. 91. Effects of Digestive Diseases on Bone Metabolism - p. 1023 147. 92. Nutrition and Feeding for Children With Developmental Disabilities - p. 1032 148. 93. Fecal Transplant - p. 1039 149. Index - p. 1043