In this easy-to-follow, how-to-do-it atlas, internationally recognized pain expert Dr. Steven D. Waldman provides a compendium of practical physical examination techniques that you can use in your daily practice to evaluate and diagnose patients in pain. Physical Diagnosis of Pain, 5th Edition, is the only atlas devoted to this critical area of pain medicine, offering a real-world focus on how clinicians evaluate pain: "What is it?" rather than "Where is it?". You’ll be guided step by step through the evaluation and diagnosis of more than 280 pain-related conditions based on physical signs. Concise, superbly illustrated chapters help you rapidly diagnose pathology based on physical techniques rather than relying on imaging alone.
1. Cover image - p. Cover 2. Title page - p. ii 3. Table of Contents - p. iii 4. Any screen, Any time, Anywhere - p. iii 5. Copyright - p. IFC1 6. Dedication - p. iv 7. Preface - p. v 8. Video Contents - p. vii 9. List of Illustrations - p. xv 10. List of Tables - p. xv 11. Section I: The Cervical Spine - p. xv 12. Chapter 1: Functional Anatomy of the Bony Cervical Spine - p. xv 13. Chapter 2: Functional Anatomy of the Cervical Intervertebral Disc - p. 4 14. Chapter 3: Nomenclature of the Diseased Cervical Disc - p. 6 15. Chapter 4: Painful Conditions Emanating From the Cervical Spine - p. 12 16. Chapter 5: Visual Inspection of the Cervical Spine - p. 13 17. Chapter 6: Palpation of the Cervical Spine - p. 15 18. Chapter 7: Physical Examination of the Cervical Spine Range of Motion - p. 17 19. Chapter 8: The Cervical Dermatomes - p. 19 20. Chapter 9: The C5 Neurologic Level - p. 20 21. Chapter 10: The C6 Neurologic Level - p. 23 22. Chapter 11: The C7 Neurologic Level - p. 25 23. Chapter 12: The C8 Neurologic Level - p. 27 24. Chapter 13: The Cervical Flexion Rotation Test for C1–C2 Joint Dysfunction - p. 30 25. Chapter 14: The Sharp-Purser Test for Atlantoaxial Joint Instability - p. 32 26. Chapter 15: The Rust Sign for Cervical Spine Instability - p. 34 27. Chapter 16: The Flexion Compression Test for Cervical Discogenic Disease - p. 35 28. Chapter 17: The Extension Compression Test for Cervical Discogenic Disease - p. 37 29. Chapter 18: The Spurling Test for Cervical Radiculopathy Secondary to Herniated Disc or Cervical Spondylosis - p. 39 30. Chapter 19: The Jackson Compression Test for Cervical Radiculopathy - p. 40.e1 31. Chapter 20: The Distraction Test for Cervical Radiculopathy - p. 41 32. Chapter 21: The Shoulder Abduction Relief Test for Cervical Radiculopathy - p. 42 33. Chapter 22: The Neck Distraction Test for Cervical Radiculopathy - p. 44 34. Chapter 23: The Arm Squeeze Test for Distinguishing Cervical Radiculopathy From Shoulder Pathology - p. 45 35. Chapter 24: The Upper Limb Tension Test for Cervical Radiculopathy - p. 47 36. Chapter 25: The Shoulder Depression Test for Cervical Radiculopathy - p. 49 37. Chapter 26: The Valsalva Test for Cervical Radiculopathy - p. 50 38. Chapter 27: The Cervical Resisted Muscle Test for Cervical Strain - p. 51 39. Chapter 28: The O’Donoghue Test for Distinguishing Cervical Strain From Articular Dysfunction - p. 53 40. Chapter 29: The Jull Test for Assessment of Cervical Flexor Muscle Performance - p. 55 41. Chapter 30: The Deep Flexor Endurance Test to Assess Cervical Flexor Muscle Performance - p. 57 42. Chapter 31: The Hoffmann Test for Cervical Myelopathy - p. 59 43. Chapter 32: The Lhermitte Sign for Cervical Myelopathy - p. 60.e1 44. Chapter 33: The Brudzinski Sign for Meningeal Irritation - p. 62 45. Chapter 34: The Linder Sign for Cervical Myelopathy - p. 63 46. Chapter 35: The Finger Flexion Reflex Test for Cervical Myelopathy - p. 65 47. Section II: The Shoulder - p. 66.e1 48. Chapter 36: Functional Anatomy of the Shoulder Joint - p. 66.e1 49. Chapter 37: Visual Inspection of the Shoulder - p. 70 50. Chapter 38: Palpation of the Shoulder - p. 72 51. Chapter 39: External Rotation of the Shoulder - p. 73 52. Chapter 40: Internal Rotation of the Shoulder - p. 74 53. Chapter 41: Crossed-Arm Adduction of the Shoulder - p. 75 54. Chapter 42: Abduction of the Shoulder - p. 76 55. Chapter 43: Painful Conditions of the Shoulder - p. 77 56. Chapter 44: Shoulder Instability Syndromes - p. 79 57. Chapter 45: The Anterior Drawer Test - p. 84 58. Chapter 46: The Shift and Load Test for Shoulder Instability - p. 85.e1 59. Chapter 47: The Apprehension Test for Anterior Shoulder Instability - p. 86 60. Chapter 48: The Jobe Relocation Test for Anterior Shoulder Instability - p. 87 61. Chapter 49: The Andrews Anterior Apprehension Test for Anterior Shoulder Instability - p. 89 62. Chapter 50: The Posterior Drawer Test for Posterior Shoulder Instability - p. 90 63. Chapter 51: The Jerk Test for Posterior Shoulder Instability - p. 92.e1 64. Chapter 52: The Posterior Clunk Test for Posterior Shoulder Instability - p. 94 65. Chapter 53: The Sulcus Sign Test for Inferior Glenohumeral Instability - p. 96 66. Chapter 54: The Gagey Hyperabduction Test for Inferior Glenohumeral Instability - p. 97 67. Chapter 55: The John Feagin Test for Inferior Glenohumeral Instability - p. 98 68. Chapter 56: The Crank Test for Injury of the Labrum of the Glenohumeral Joint - p. 99 69. Chapter 57: The Keibler Anterior Slide Test for Superior Labral From Anterior to Posterior Tear Lesions - p. 100 70. Chapter 58: The Dynamic Labral Shear Test for Superior Labral From Anterior to Posterior Tear Lesions - p. 103 71. Chapter 59: The O’Brien Active Compression Test for Superior Labral From Anterior to Posterior Tear Lesions - p. 105 72. Chapter 60: An Overview of Shoulder Impingement Syndromes - p. 106 73. Chapter 61: The Neer Test for Shoulder Impingement Syndromes - p. 110 74. Chapter 62: The Hawkins Test for Shoulder Impingement Syndromes - p. 111.e1 75. Chapter 63: The Gerber Subcoracoid Impingement Test - p. 112 76. Chapter 64: The Zaslav Rotation Resistance Test for Shoulder Impingement - p. 113 77. Chapter 65: Bicipital Tendinitis - p. 114 78. Chapter 66: The Speed Test for Bicipital Tendinitis - p. 117 79. Chapter 67: The Yergason Test for Bicipital Tendinitis - p. 118.e1 80. Chapter 68: The Snap Test for Subluxing Biceps Tendon Syndrome - p. 119.e1 81. Chapter 69: The Biceps Entrapment Test for Biceps Entrapment - p. 121 82. Chapter 70: The Gerber Lift-Off Test for Rupture of the Subscapularis Muscle - p. 122 83. Chapter 71: The Gerber Belly Press Test for Subscapularis Weakness - p. 123.e1 84. Chapter 72: The Internal Rotation Lag Sign for Rupture of the Subscapularis Tendon - p. 124.e1 85. Chapter 73: The Snapping Scapula Test - p. 125.e1 86. Chapter 74: The Ludington Test for Ruptured Long Tendon of the Biceps - p. 127 87. Chapter 75: Reverse Popeye Sign for Rupture of the Distal Biceps Tendon - p. 129 88. Chapter 76: The Squeeze Test for Distal Rupture of the Biceps Tendon - p. 131 89. Chapter 77: The Hook Test for Rupture of the Distal Biceps Tendon - p. 132 90. Chapter 78: The Waldman Hanger Test for Ruptured Distal Biceps Tendon - p. 133 91. Chapter 79: The Supination Pronation Test for Rupture of the Distal Biceps Tendon - p. 134 92. Chapter 80: Clinical Correlates: Diseases of the Rotator Cuff - p. 136 93. Chapter 81: The Drop Arm Test for Complete Rotator Cuff Tear - p. 141 94. Chapter 82: The External Rotation Lag Sign for Rupture of the Supraspinatus or Infraspinatus Tendon - p. 142.e1 95. Chapter 83: The Dawbarn Sign for Supraspinatus Tendinitis - p. 143.e1 96. Chapter 84: The Empty Can Test for Supraspinatus Tendinopathy - p. 145 97. Chapter 85: The Jobe Supraspinatus Test - p. 147 98. Chapter 86: The Midarc Abduction Test for Infraspinatus Tendinitis - p. 148.e1 99. Chapter 87: The External Rotation Stress Test for Impairment of the Infraspinatus and Teres Minor Muscles - p. 150 100. Chapter 88: The Hornblower Test for Teres Minor Tear - p. 151.e1 101. Chapter 89: The Drop Arm Test for Subdeltoid Bursitis - p. 152 102. Chapter 90: The Adduction Release Test for Subcoracoid Bursitis - p. 153 103. Chapter 91: The Adduction Stress Test for Acromioclavicular Joint Dysfunction - p. 155.e1 104. Chapter 92: The Chin Adduction Test for Acromioclavicular Joint Dysfunction - p. 158 105. Chapter 93: The Paxino Test for Acromioclavicular Joint Dysfunction - p. 159.e1 106. Chapter 94: The Sergeant’s Chevron Test for Axillary Nerve Deficits - p. 160 107. Chapter 95: The Adson Maneuver for Thoracic Outlet Syndrome - p. 161 108. Chapter 96: The Costoclavicular Test for Thoracic Outlet Syndrome - p. 163.e1 109. Chapter 97: The Hyperabduction Test for Thoracic Outlet Syndrome - p. 164 110. Chapter 98: The Brachial Plexus Compression Test for Brachial Plexus Pain - p. 165.e1 111. Chapter 99: The Brachial Plexus Tension Test for Brachial Plexus Pain - p. 166 112. Chapter 100: The Shoulder Depression Test for Brachial Plexus Pain - p. 169 113. Chapter 101: The Upper Limb Tension Test B for Compromise of the Median, Axillary, and Musculocutaneous Nerves - p. 170 114. Chapter 102: The Upper Limb Tension Test C Test for Compromise of the Radial Nerve - p. 172 115. Chapter 103: The Upper Limb Tension Test D for Cervical Radiculopathy and Compromise of the Ulnar Nerve - p. 174 116. Section III: The Elbow - p. 176 117. Chapter 104: Functional Anatomy of the Elbow Joint - p. 176 118. Chapter 105: Visual Inspection of the Elbow - p. 181 119. Chapter 106: Palpation of the Elbow - p. 183 120. Chapter 107: Flexion and Extension of the Elbow - p. 185 121. Chapter 108: Supination and Pronation of the Elbow - p. 186 122. Chapter 109: The Valgus Stress Flexion Test for Medial Ligamentous Incompetence - p. 187 123. Chapter 110: The Modified Milking Maneuver Test for Ulnar Collateral Ligament Incompetence - p. 188 124. Chapter 111: The Varus Stress Flexion Test for Lateral Ligamentous Incompetence - p. 190 125. Chapter 112: The Lateral Pivot Shift Test for Posterolateral Insufficiency - p. 191 126. Chapter 113: The Froment Paper Sign for Ulnar Nerve Entrapment at the Elbow - p. 193 127. Chapter 114: The Jeanne Sign for Ulnar Nerve Entrapment at the Elbow - p. 194 128. Chapter 115: The Wartenberg Sign for Ulnar Nerve Entrapment at the Elbow - p. 195 129. Chapter 116: The Pressure Provocation Test for Ulnar Neuropathy - p. 196.e1 130. Chapter 117: The Little Finger Adduction Test for Ulnar Nerve Entrapment at the Elbow - p. 197 131. Chapter 118: The Valgus Extension Overload Test for Olecranon Impingement - p. 198.e1 132. Chapter 119: The Compression Test for Lateral Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve Entrapment Syndrome - p. 199 133. Chapter 120: The Snap Sign for Snapping Triceps Syndrome - p. 201.e1 134. Chapter 121: The Creaking Tendon Sign for Triceps Tendinitis - p. 203.e1 135. Chapter 122: The Ballottement Test for Olecranon Bursitis - p. 204 136. Chapter 123: The Tennis Elbow Test - p. 206 137. Chapter 124: The Maudsley Test for Lateral Epicondylitis - p. 208.e1 138. Chapter 125: The Mill Test for Tennis Elbow - p. 209 139. Chapter 126: The Cozen Test for Tennis Elbow - p. 211 140. Chapter 127: The Resisted Middle Finger Test for Tennis Elbow - p. 213 141. Chapter 128: The Chair Lift Test for Lateral Epicondylitis - p. 214 142. Chapter 129: The Golfer’s Elbow Test - p. 216 143. Chapter 130: The Golfer’s Elbow Push Down Test - p. 218 144. Chapter 131: The Polk Test to Differentiate Lateral and Medial Epicondylitis - p. 219 145. Chapter 132: The Brachialis Jump Test for Climber’s Elbow - p. 221 146. Section IV: The Forearm - p. 222 147. Chapter 133: The Compression Test for Radial Tunnel Syndrome - p. 222 148. Chapter 134: The Compression Test for Pronator Syndrome - p. 225.e1 149. Chapter 135: The Forced Pronation Test for Pronator Syndrome - p. 226 150. Chapter 136: The Pinch Test for Anterior Interosseous Syndrome - p. 228.e1 151. Chapter 137: The Creaking Tendon Test for Intersection Syndrome - p. 229 152. Section V: The Wrist and Hand - p. 230 153. Chapter 138: Functional Anatomy of the Wrist - p. 230 154. Chapter 139: Visual Inspection of the Wrist and Hand - p. 233 155. Chapter 140: Palpation of the Wrist and Hand - p. 235 156. Chapter 141: Extension of the Wrist and Hand - p. 236 157. Chapter 142: Flexion of the Wrist and Hand - p. 237 158. Chapter 143: Adduction of the Wrist and Hand - p. 238 159. Chapter 144: Abduction of the Wrist and Hand - p. 239 160. Chapter 145: Painful Conditions of the Wrist and Hand - p. 240 161. Chapter 146: The Wristwatch Test for Cheiralgia Paresthetica - p. 241 162. Chapter 147: The Finkelstein Test for de Quervain Tenosynovitis - p. 243 163. Chapter 148: The Tethered Thumb Test for de Quervain Tenosynovitis - p. 246.e1 164. Chapter 149: The Eichhoff Test for de Quervain Tenosynovitis - p. 247 165. Chapter 150: The Allen Test for Patency of the Radial and Ulnar Arteries at the Wrist - p. 248 166. Chapter 151: The Watson Stress Test for Arthritis of the Carpometacarpal Joint of the Thumb - p. 250 167. Chapter 152: The Swanson Grind Test for Arthritis of the Carpometacarpal Joint of the Thumb - p. 251 168. Chapter 153: The Ulnar Click Test for Ulnar Impaction Syndrome - p. 252 169. Chapter 154: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome - p. 253 170. Chapter 155: The Tinel Sign for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome - p. 256 171. Chapter 156: The Phalen Test for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome - p. 257.e1 172. Chapter 157: The Reverse Phalen Test for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome - p. 258.e1 173. Chapter 158: The Opponens Weakness Test for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome - p. 259 174. Chapter 159: The Opponens Pinch Test for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome - p. 260.e1 175. Chapter 160: The Two-Point Discrimination Test for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome - p. 261.e1 176. Chapter 161: The Scratch Collapse Test for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome - p. 262 177. Chapter 162: The Durkan Test for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome - p. 264 178. Chapter 163: Phdurkan Test - p. 265 179. Chapter 164: The Hand Elevation Test for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome - p. 266 180. Chapter 165: The Gilliatt Tourniquet Test for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome - p. 267 181. Chapter 166: The Berger Test for Identification of Lumbrical Involvement in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome - p. 268 182. Chapter 167: The Dowart Hotdog Sign for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome - p. 269 183. Chapter 168: The Spread Sign for Ulnar Tunnel Syndrome - p. 270 184. Chapter 169: The Flexion/Extension Test for Ganglion Cysts of the Wrist - p. 272.e1 185. Chapter 170: The Hunchback Carpal Sign for Carpal Boss - p. 273 186. Chapter 171: The Tuck Sign for Extensor Tenosynovitis of the Wrist - p. 275 187. Chapter 172: The Palmar Band Sign for Dupuytren Contracture - p. 277 188. Chapter 173: The Allen Test for Patency of the Digital Arteries of the Fingers - p. 278 189. Chapter 174: The Catching Tendon Sign for Trigger Finger Syndrome - p. 279 190. Chapter 175: The Sausage Finger Sign for Psoriatic Arthritis - p. 281.e1 191. Chapter 176: The Swan Neck Deformity Sign - p. 283 192. Chapter 177: The Boutonnière Deformity Sign - p. 284 193. Chapter 178: The Heberden Node Sign for Osteoarthritis of the Distal Interphalangeal Joints - p. 285 194. Chapter 179: The Bouchard Node Sign for Osteoarthritis of the Proximal Interphalangeal Joints - p. 286 195. Chapter 180: The Ice Water Test for Glomus Tumor of the Finger - p. 287 196. Section VI: The Chest Wall, Thorax, and Thoracic Spine - p. 289 197. Chapter 181: Winged Scapula Sign for Entrapment of the Long Thoracic Nerve of Bell - p. 289 198. Chapter 182: The Suprascapular Notch Sign for Suprascapular Nerve Entrapment Syndrome - p. 291 199. Chapter 183: The Shoulder Retraction Test for Costosternal Syndrome - p. 293 200. Chapter 184: The Swollen Costosternal Joint Sign for Tietze Syndrome - p. 294 201. Chapter 185: The Shrug Test for Sternoclavicular Joint Dysfunction - p. 296 202. Chapter 186: The Hooking Maneuver Test for Slipping Rib Syndrome - p. 298.e1 203. Chapter 187: The Flexion Test for Acute Thoracic Vertebral Compression Fracture - p. 300 204. Chapter 188: The Soto-Hall Test for Upper Thoracic Spine Pain - p. 302 205. Section VII: The Lumbar Spine - p. 303 206. Chapter 189: Functional Anatomy of the Lumbar Spine - p. 303 207. Chapter 190: An Overview of the Nomenclature of the Diseased Lumbar Disc - p. 306 208. Chapter 191: An Overview of Painful Conditions Emanating From the Lumbar Spine - p. 312 209. Chapter 192: Visual Inspection of the Lumbar Spine - p. 313 210. Chapter 193: Palpation of the Lumbar Spine - p. 314 211. Chapter 194: Range of Motion of the Lumbar Spine - p. 315 212. Chapter 195: The Schober Test for Lumbar Spine Flexion - p. 317 213. Chapter 196: The Kemp Test for Lumbar Facet Joint Pain - p. 318 214. Chapter 197: The Interspinous Gap Change Sign for Lumbar Instability - p. 319 215. Chapter 198: The Sill Sign for Lumbar Instability - p. 321 216. Chapter 199: The Lumbar Dermatomes - p. 323 217. Chapter 200: The L4 Neurologic Level - p. 325 218. Chapter 201: The L5 Neurologic Level - p. 327.e1 219. Chapter 202: The S1 Neurologic Level - p. 328.e1 220. Chapter 203: The Lasegue Straight Leg Raising Test for Lumbar Root Irritation - p. 330.e1 221. Chapter 204: The Sitting Straight Leg Raising Test for Lumbar Root Irritation - p. 331 222. Chapter 205: The Naffziger Jugular Compression Test for an Equivocal Lasegue Straight Leg Raising Test - p. 332 223. Chapter 206: The Flip Test for Lumbar Nerve Root Irritation - p. 333 224. Chapter 207: The Buckling Knee Test for Lumbar Nerve Root Irritation - p. 334 225. Chapter 208: The Spurling Test for Lumbar Nerve Root Irritation - p. 335 226. Chapter 209: The Bragard Test for Lumbar Nerve Root Irritation - p. 336.e1 227. Chapter 210: The Ely Test for Lumbar Nerve Root Irritation - p. 337 228. Chapter 211: The Fajersztajn Test for Lumbar Nerve Root Irritation - p. 338.e1 229. Chapter 212: The Stoop Test for Spinal Stenosis - p. 339 230. Chapter 213: The Babinski Sign for Diseases of the Corticospinal System - p. 341 231. Chapter 214: The Chaddock Sign for Diseases of the Corticospinal System - p. 342.e1 232. Chapter 215: The Oppenheim Sign for Diseases of the Corticospinal System - p. 343 233. Chapter 216: The Gordon Reflex for Diseases of the Corticospinal System - p. 344 234. Section VIII: The Abdominal Wall and Pelvis - p. 346 235. Chapter 217: The Sit-Up Sign for Anterior Cutaneous Nerve Entrapment Syndrome - p. 346 236. Chapter 218: The Waddling Gait Sign for Osteitis Pubis Syndrome - p. 348 237. Chapter 219: The Direct Pressure Spring Test for Osteitis Pubis - p. 350 238. Chapter 220: The Yeoman Test for Sacroiliac Joint Pain - p. 351 239. Chapter 221: The Van Durson Standing Flexion Test for Sacroiliac Joint Pain - p. 352 240. Chapter 222: The Piedallu Seated Flexion Test for Sacroiliac Joint Pain - p. 353 241. Chapter 223: The Stork Test for Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction - p. 354 242. Chapter 224: The Gaenslen Test for Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction - p. 355 243. Chapter 225: The Distraction Test for Sacroiliac Joint Pain - p. 357 244. Chapter 226: The Side-Lying Compression Test for Sacroiliac Joint Pain - p. 358 245. Chapter 227: The Thigh Trust Test for Sacroiliac Joint Pain - p. 359 246. Chapter 228: The Fortin Finger Test for Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction - p. 360 247. Chapter 229: The Sacroiliac Compression and Distraction Test for Pelvic Fracture - p. 362 248. Chapter 230: The Numb Medial Thigh Sign for Obturator Nerve Entrapment Syndrome - p. 363 249. Chapter 231: The Novice Skier Sign for Ilioinguinal Nerve Entrapment Syndrome - p. 365 250. Chapter 232: The Femoral Stretch Test - p. 367 251. Chapter 233: The Burning Lateral Thigh Sign for Meralgia Paresthetica - p. 369.e1 252. Section IX: The Hip - p. 371 253. Chapter 234: Functional Anatomy of the Hip - p. 371 254. Chapter 235: Visual Inspection of the Hip Joint - p. 375 255. Chapter 236: Palpation of the Hip - p. 376 256. Chapter 237: Flexion of the Hip - p. 377 257. Chapter 238: Extension of the Hip - p. 378 258. Chapter 239: Abduction of the Hip - p. 379 259. Chapter 240: Adduction of the Hip - p. 380 260. Chapter 241: Internal Rotation of the Hip - p. 381 261. Chapter 242: External Rotation of the Hip - p. 382 262. Chapter 243: Painful Conditions of the Hip - p. 383 263. Chapter 244: The Thomas Test for Flexion Deformity of the Hip - p. 384 264. Chapter 245: The Trendelenburg Test for Weak Hip Abductors - p. 385 265. Chapter 246: The Hopalong Cassidy Sign for Antalgic Gait - p. 386 266. Chapter 247: The Patrick/FABER Test for Hip Pathology - p. 388 267. Chapter 248: The Hip Quadrant Scour Test for Femoroacetabular Joint Pain - p. 389.e1 268. Chapter 249: The Waldman Knee Squeeze Test for Adductor Tendinitis - p. 391 269. Chapter 250: The Resisted Hip Extension Test for Ischial Bursitis - p. 393 270. Chapter 251: The Resisted Hip Abduction Test for Gluteal Bursitis - p. 394.e1 271. Chapter 252: The External Derotation Test for Gluteal Tendinopathy - p. 395.e1 272. Chapter 253: The Hip Lag Test for Gluteus Medius Tear - p. 396 273. Chapter 254: The Resisted Hip Adduction Test for Iliopsoas Bursitis - p. 398 274. Chapter 255: The Piriformis Test for Piriformis Syndrome - p. 399.e1 275. Chapter 256: The Freiberg Forceful Internal Rotation Test for Piriformis Syndrome - p. 400 276. Chapter 257: Pace Nagel Resisted Contraction Maneuver for Piriformis Syndrome - p. 402 277. Chapter 258: The Flexion, Adduction, Internal Rotation Test for Piriformis Syndrome - p. 403 278. Chapter 259: The Beatty Test for Piriformis Syndrome - p. 404 279. Chapter 260: The Piriformis Syndrome Sign - p. 405 280. Chapter 261: The Heel Contralateral Knee Test for Piriformis Syndrome - p. 406 281. Chapter 262: The Resisted Abduction Release Test for Trochanteric Bursitis Pain - p. 407 282. Chapter 263: The Fulcrum Test for Stress Fractures of the Femoral Shaft - p. 409 283. Chapter 264: The Ober Test for Iliotibial Band Contracture - p. 411 284. Chapter 265: The Snap Sign for Snapping Hip Syndrome - p. 412 285. Chapter 266: The Hip Dislocator Test for Snapping Hip Syndrome - p. 414 286. Chapter 267: The Fan Test for Snapping Hip Syndrome - p. 415 287. Chapter 268: External Snapping Hip Test for External Snapping Hip Syndrome - p. 416 288. Chapter 269: The Internal Snapping Hip Test for Internal Snapping Hip Syndrome - p. 417 289. Chapter 270: Active Iliopsoas Snapping Test for Internal Snapping Hip Syndrome - p. 418 290. Section X: The Knee - p. 419 291. Chapter 271: Functional Anatomy of the Knee - p. 419 292. Chapter 272: Visual Inspection of the Knee - p. 423 293. Chapter 273: Palpation of the Knee - p. 424 294. Chapter 274: Flexion of the Knee - p. 425 295. Chapter 275: Extension of the Knee - p. 426 296. Chapter 276: Rotation of the Knee - p. 427 297. Chapter 277: An Overview of Painful Conditions of the Knee - p. 428 298. Chapter 278: The Bulge Sign for Small Joint Effusions - p. 429 299. Chapter 279: The Ballottement Test for Large Joint Effusions - p. 430 300. Chapter 280: The Valgus Stress Test for Medial Collateral Ligament Integrity - p. 432.e1 301. Chapter 281: The Swain Rotary Stability Test for Medial Knee Instability - p. 433 302. Chapter 282: The Varus Stress Test for Lateral Collateral Ligament Integrity - p. 434 303. Chapter 283: The Anterior Drawer Test for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Integrity - p. 435 304. Chapter 284: The Flexion-Rotation Anterior Drawer Test for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Instability - p. 436 305. Chapter 285: The Lachman Test for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Integrity - p. 437 306. Chapter 286: The Posterior Drawer Test for Posterior Cruciate Ligament Integrity - p. 438 307. Chapter 287: The Hughston External Rotation-Recurvatum Test for Posterior Cruciate Ligament Instability - p. 439 308. Chapter 288: The Quadriceps Active Test for Posterior Cruciate Ligament Integrity - p. 440 309. Chapter 289: The Pivot Shift Test for Anterolateral Rotary Instability - p. 441 310. Chapter 290: The Reverse Pivot Shift Test of Jakob for Posterolateral Instability - p. 442 311. Chapter 291: The Tibial External Rotation Test for Injury to the Posterolateral Corner - p. 443 312. Chapter 292: The Perkins Test for Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome - p. 444 313. Chapter 293: The Patellar Grind Test for Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome - p. 445 314. Chapter 294: The Fairbanks Apprehension Test for Lateral Patellar Subluxation - p. 446 315. Chapter 295: The Patellar Tilt Test for Lateral Retinacular Dysfunction - p. 447 316. Chapter 296: The McMurray Test for Torn Meniscus - p. 448 317. Chapter 297: The Apley Grinding Test for Meniscal Tear - p. 449 318. Chapter 298: The Squat Test for Meniscal Tear - p. 450 319. Chapter 299: The Ege Test for Meniscal Tear - p. 451 320. Chapter 300: The Thessaly Test for Meniscal Tear - p. 453 321. Chapter 301: The Twist Test for Semimembranosus Insertion Syndrome - p. 455 322. Chapter 302: The Knee Extension Test for Quadriceps Expansion Syndrome - p. 457 323. Chapter 303: Bursitis of the Knee - p. 459 324. Chapter 304: The Creaking Tendon Sign for Hamstring Tendinitis - p. 463 325. Chapter 305: The Noble Compression Test for Iliotibial Band Syndrome - p. 464 326. Chapter 306: The Bump Sign for Baker Cyst of the Knee - p. 465 327. Chapter 307: The Foucher Sign for Baker Cyst - p. 467 328. Section XI: The Ankle and Foot - p. 469 329. Chapter 308: Functional Anatomy of the Ankle and Foot - p. 469 330. Chapter 309: Visual Inspection of the Ankle and Foot - p. 472 331. Chapter 310: Palpation of the Ankle and Foot - p. 474 332. Chapter 311: The Wave Test for Ankle Joint Effusion - p. 476 333. Chapter 312: The Anterior Drawer Test for Anterior Talofibular Ligament Insufficiency - p. 477 334. Chapter 313: The Inversion Test for Anterior Talofibular Ligament Insufficiency - p. 479 335. Chapter 314: The Eversion Test for Deltoid Ligament Insufficiency - p. 481 336. Chapter 315: The Kleiger Test for High Ankle Sprain - p. 484 337. Chapter 316: The Talar Tilt Test for Lateral Ankle Sprain - p. 485 338. Chapter 317: The Squeeze Test for Syndesmosis Ankle Strain - p. 488 339. Chapter 318: The External Rotation Test for Syndesmosis Ankle Strain - p. 489 340. Chapter 319: The Tinel Sign for Anterior Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome - p. 490 341. Chapter 320: The Tinel Sign for Posterior Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome - p. 492 342. Chapter 321: The Valleix Sign for Posterior Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome - p. 495 343. Chapter 322: The Creak Sign for Achilles Tendinitis - p. 496 344. Chapter 323: The Toe Raise Test for Achilles Tendon Rupture - p. 498 345. Chapter 324: The Thompson Squeeze Test for Achilles Tendon Rupture - p. 500 346. Chapter 325: The Matles Test for Achilles Tendon Rupture - p. 501 347. Chapter 326: The Calcaneal Jump Sign for Plantar Fasciitis - p. 502 348. Chapter 327: The Calcaneal Squeeze Test for Calcaneal Stress Fracture - p. 504 349. Chapter 328: The Windlass Test for Plantar Fasciitis - p. 505 350. Chapter 329: The Mulder Sign for Morton Neuroma - p. 507 351. Chapter 330: The Digital Nerve Stretch Test for Morton Neuroma - p. 509 352. Chapter 331: The Metatarsophalangeal Dorsal Drawer Test for Plantar Plate Insufficiency - p. 510 353. Chapter 332: The Paper Pullout Test for Plantar Plate Insufficiency - p. 511 354. Index - p. 512 355. Confidence is ClinicalKey - p. 512
In this easy-to-follow, how-to-do-it atlas, internationally recognized pain expert Dr. Steven D. Waldman provides a compendium of practical physical examination techniques that you can use in your daily practice to evaluate and diagnose patients in pain. Physical Diagnosis of Pain, 5th Edition, is the only atlas devoted to this critical area of pain medicine, offering a real-world focus on how clinicians evaluate pain: "What is it?" rather than "Where is it?". You’ll be guided step by step through the evaluation and diagnosis of more than 280 pain-related conditions based on physical signs. Concise, superbly illustrated chapters help you rapidly diagnose pathology based on physical techniques rather than relying on imaging alone.
1. Cover image - p. Cover 2. Title page - p. ii 3. Table of Contents - p. iii 4. Any screen, Any time, Anywhere - p. iii 5. Copyright - p. IFC1 6. Dedication - p. iv 7. Preface - p. v 8. Video Contents - p. vii 9. List of Illustrations - p. xv 10. List of Tables - p. xv 11. Section I: The Cervical Spine - p. xv 12. Chapter 1: Functional Anatomy of the Bony Cervical Spine - p. xv 13. Chapter 2: Functional Anatomy of the Cervical Intervertebral Disc - p. 4 14. Chapter 3: Nomenclature of the Diseased Cervical Disc - p. 6 15. Chapter 4: Painful Conditions Emanating From the Cervical Spine - p. 12 16. Chapter 5: Visual Inspection of the Cervical Spine - p. 13 17. Chapter 6: Palpation of the Cervical Spine - p. 15 18. Chapter 7: Physical Examination of the Cervical Spine Range of Motion - p. 17 19. Chapter 8: The Cervical Dermatomes - p. 19 20. Chapter 9: The C5 Neurologic Level - p. 20 21. Chapter 10: The C6 Neurologic Level - p. 23 22. Chapter 11: The C7 Neurologic Level - p. 25 23. Chapter 12: The C8 Neurologic Level - p. 27 24. Chapter 13: The Cervical Flexion Rotation Test for C1–C2 Joint Dysfunction - p. 30 25. Chapter 14: The Sharp-Purser Test for Atlantoaxial Joint Instability - p. 32 26. Chapter 15: The Rust Sign for Cervical Spine Instability - p. 34 27. Chapter 16: The Flexion Compression Test for Cervical Discogenic Disease - p. 35 28. Chapter 17: The Extension Compression Test for Cervical Discogenic Disease - p. 37 29. Chapter 18: The Spurling Test for Cervical Radiculopathy Secondary to Herniated Disc or Cervical Spondylosis - p. 39 30. Chapter 19: The Jackson Compression Test for Cervical Radiculopathy - p. 40.e1 31. Chapter 20: The Distraction Test for Cervical Radiculopathy - p. 41 32. Chapter 21: The Shoulder Abduction Relief Test for Cervical Radiculopathy - p. 42 33. Chapter 22: The Neck Distraction Test for Cervical Radiculopathy - p. 44 34. Chapter 23: The Arm Squeeze Test for Distinguishing Cervical Radiculopathy From Shoulder Pathology - p. 45 35. Chapter 24: The Upper Limb Tension Test for Cervical Radiculopathy - p. 47 36. Chapter 25: The Shoulder Depression Test for Cervical Radiculopathy - p. 49 37. Chapter 26: The Valsalva Test for Cervical Radiculopathy - p. 50 38. Chapter 27: The Cervical Resisted Muscle Test for Cervical Strain - p. 51 39. Chapter 28: The O’Donoghue Test for Distinguishing Cervical Strain From Articular Dysfunction - p. 53 40. Chapter 29: The Jull Test for Assessment of Cervical Flexor Muscle Performance - p. 55 41. Chapter 30: The Deep Flexor Endurance Test to Assess Cervical Flexor Muscle Performance - p. 57 42. Chapter 31: The Hoffmann Test for Cervical Myelopathy - p. 59 43. Chapter 32: The Lhermitte Sign for Cervical Myelopathy - p. 60.e1 44. Chapter 33: The Brudzinski Sign for Meningeal Irritation - p. 62 45. Chapter 34: The Linder Sign for Cervical Myelopathy - p. 63 46. Chapter 35: The Finger Flexion Reflex Test for Cervical Myelopathy - p. 65 47. Section II: The Shoulder - p. 66.e1 48. Chapter 36: Functional Anatomy of the Shoulder Joint - p. 66.e1 49. Chapter 37: Visual Inspection of the Shoulder - p. 70 50. Chapter 38: Palpation of the Shoulder - p. 72 51. Chapter 39: External Rotation of the Shoulder - p. 73 52. Chapter 40: Internal Rotation of the Shoulder - p. 74 53. Chapter 41: Crossed-Arm Adduction of the Shoulder - p. 75 54. Chapter 42: Abduction of the Shoulder - p. 76 55. Chapter 43: Painful Conditions of the Shoulder - p. 77 56. Chapter 44: Shoulder Instability Syndromes - p. 79 57. Chapter 45: The Anterior Drawer Test - p. 84 58. Chapter 46: The Shift and Load Test for Shoulder Instability - p. 85.e1 59. Chapter 47: The Apprehension Test for Anterior Shoulder Instability - p. 86 60. Chapter 48: The Jobe Relocation Test for Anterior Shoulder Instability - p. 87 61. Chapter 49: The Andrews Anterior Apprehension Test for Anterior Shoulder Instability - p. 89 62. Chapter 50: The Posterior Drawer Test for Posterior Shoulder Instability - p. 90 63. Chapter 51: The Jerk Test for Posterior Shoulder Instability - p. 92.e1 64. Chapter 52: The Posterior Clunk Test for Posterior Shoulder Instability - p. 94 65. Chapter 53: The Sulcus Sign Test for Inferior Glenohumeral Instability - p. 96 66. Chapter 54: The Gagey Hyperabduction Test for Inferior Glenohumeral Instability - p. 97 67. Chapter 55: The John Feagin Test for Inferior Glenohumeral Instability - p. 98 68. Chapter 56: The Crank Test for Injury of the Labrum of the Glenohumeral Joint - p. 99 69. Chapter 57: The Keibler Anterior Slide Test for Superior Labral From Anterior to Posterior Tear Lesions - p. 100 70. Chapter 58: The Dynamic Labral Shear Test for Superior Labral From Anterior to Posterior Tear Lesions - p. 103 71. Chapter 59: The O’Brien Active Compression Test for Superior Labral From Anterior to Posterior Tear Lesions - p. 105 72. Chapter 60: An Overview of Shoulder Impingement Syndromes - p. 106 73. Chapter 61: The Neer Test for Shoulder Impingement Syndromes - p. 110 74. Chapter 62: The Hawkins Test for Shoulder Impingement Syndromes - p. 111.e1 75. Chapter 63: The Gerber Subcoracoid Impingement Test - p. 112 76. Chapter 64: The Zaslav Rotation Resistance Test for Shoulder Impingement - p. 113 77. Chapter 65: Bicipital Tendinitis - p. 114 78. Chapter 66: The Speed Test for Bicipital Tendinitis - p. 117 79. Chapter 67: The Yergason Test for Bicipital Tendinitis - p. 118.e1 80. Chapter 68: The Snap Test for Subluxing Biceps Tendon Syndrome - p. 119.e1 81. Chapter 69: The Biceps Entrapment Test for Biceps Entrapment - p. 121 82. Chapter 70: The Gerber Lift-Off Test for Rupture of the Subscapularis Muscle - p. 122 83. Chapter 71: The Gerber Belly Press Test for Subscapularis Weakness - p. 123.e1 84. Chapter 72: The Internal Rotation Lag Sign for Rupture of the Subscapularis Tendon - p. 124.e1 85. Chapter 73: The Snapping Scapula Test - p. 125.e1 86. Chapter 74: The Ludington Test for Ruptured Long Tendon of the Biceps - p. 127 87. Chapter 75: Reverse Popeye Sign for Rupture of the Distal Biceps Tendon - p. 129 88. Chapter 76: The Squeeze Test for Distal Rupture of the Biceps Tendon - p. 131 89. Chapter 77: The Hook Test for Rupture of the Distal Biceps Tendon - p. 132 90. Chapter 78: The Waldman Hanger Test for Ruptured Distal Biceps Tendon - p. 133 91. Chapter 79: The Supination Pronation Test for Rupture of the Distal Biceps Tendon - p. 134 92. Chapter 80: Clinical Correlates: Diseases of the Rotator Cuff - p. 136 93. Chapter 81: The Drop Arm Test for Complete Rotator Cuff Tear - p. 141 94. Chapter 82: The External Rotation Lag Sign for Rupture of the Supraspinatus or Infraspinatus Tendon - p. 142.e1 95. Chapter 83: The Dawbarn Sign for Supraspinatus Tendinitis - p. 143.e1 96. Chapter 84: The Empty Can Test for Supraspinatus Tendinopathy - p. 145 97. Chapter 85: The Jobe Supraspinatus Test - p. 147 98. Chapter 86: The Midarc Abduction Test for Infraspinatus Tendinitis - p. 148.e1 99. Chapter 87: The External Rotation Stress Test for Impairment of the Infraspinatus and Teres Minor Muscles - p. 150 100. Chapter 88: The Hornblower Test for Teres Minor Tear - p. 151.e1 101. Chapter 89: The Drop Arm Test for Subdeltoid Bursitis - p. 152 102. Chapter 90: The Adduction Release Test for Subcoracoid Bursitis - p. 153 103. Chapter 91: The Adduction Stress Test for Acromioclavicular Joint Dysfunction - p. 155.e1 104. Chapter 92: The Chin Adduction Test for Acromioclavicular Joint Dysfunction - p. 158 105. Chapter 93: The Paxino Test for Acromioclavicular Joint Dysfunction - p. 159.e1 106. Chapter 94: The Sergeant’s Chevron Test for Axillary Nerve Deficits - p. 160 107. Chapter 95: The Adson Maneuver for Thoracic Outlet Syndrome - p. 161 108. Chapter 96: The Costoclavicular Test for Thoracic Outlet Syndrome - p. 163.e1 109. Chapter 97: The Hyperabduction Test for Thoracic Outlet Syndrome - p. 164 110. Chapter 98: The Brachial Plexus Compression Test for Brachial Plexus Pain - p. 165.e1 111. Chapter 99: The Brachial Plexus Tension Test for Brachial Plexus Pain - p. 166 112. Chapter 100: The Shoulder Depression Test for Brachial Plexus Pain - p. 169 113. Chapter 101: The Upper Limb Tension Test B for Compromise of the Median, Axillary, and Musculocutaneous Nerves - p. 170 114. Chapter 102: The Upper Limb Tension Test C Test for Compromise of the Radial Nerve - p. 172 115. Chapter 103: The Upper Limb Tension Test D for Cervical Radiculopathy and Compromise of the Ulnar Nerve - p. 174 116. Section III: The Elbow - p. 176 117. Chapter 104: Functional Anatomy of the Elbow Joint - p. 176 118. Chapter 105: Visual Inspection of the Elbow - p. 181 119. Chapter 106: Palpation of the Elbow - p. 183 120. Chapter 107: Flexion and Extension of the Elbow - p. 185 121. Chapter 108: Supination and Pronation of the Elbow - p. 186 122. Chapter 109: The Valgus Stress Flexion Test for Medial Ligamentous Incompetence - p. 187 123. Chapter 110: The Modified Milking Maneuver Test for Ulnar Collateral Ligament Incompetence - p. 188 124. Chapter 111: The Varus Stress Flexion Test for Lateral Ligamentous Incompetence - p. 190 125. Chapter 112: The Lateral Pivot Shift Test for Posterolateral Insufficiency - p. 191 126. Chapter 113: The Froment Paper Sign for Ulnar Nerve Entrapment at the Elbow - p. 193 127. Chapter 114: The Jeanne Sign for Ulnar Nerve Entrapment at the Elbow - p. 194 128. Chapter 115: The Wartenberg Sign for Ulnar Nerve Entrapment at the Elbow - p. 195 129. Chapter 116: The Pressure Provocation Test for Ulnar Neuropathy - p. 196.e1 130. Chapter 117: The Little Finger Adduction Test for Ulnar Nerve Entrapment at the Elbow - p. 197 131. Chapter 118: The Valgus Extension Overload Test for Olecranon Impingement - p. 198.e1 132. Chapter 119: The Compression Test for Lateral Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve Entrapment Syndrome - p. 199 133. Chapter 120: The Snap Sign for Snapping Triceps Syndrome - p. 201.e1 134. Chapter 121: The Creaking Tendon Sign for Triceps Tendinitis - p. 203.e1 135. Chapter 122: The Ballottement Test for Olecranon Bursitis - p. 204 136. Chapter 123: The Tennis Elbow Test - p. 206 137. Chapter 124: The Maudsley Test for Lateral Epicondylitis - p. 208.e1 138. Chapter 125: The Mill Test for Tennis Elbow - p. 209 139. Chapter 126: The Cozen Test for Tennis Elbow - p. 211 140. Chapter 127: The Resisted Middle Finger Test for Tennis Elbow - p. 213 141. Chapter 128: The Chair Lift Test for Lateral Epicondylitis - p. 214 142. Chapter 129: The Golfer’s Elbow Test - p. 216 143. Chapter 130: The Golfer’s Elbow Push Down Test - p. 218 144. Chapter 131: The Polk Test to Differentiate Lateral and Medial Epicondylitis - p. 219 145. Chapter 132: The Brachialis Jump Test for Climber’s Elbow - p. 221 146. Section IV: The Forearm - p. 222 147. Chapter 133: The Compression Test for Radial Tunnel Syndrome - p. 222 148. Chapter 134: The Compression Test for Pronator Syndrome - p. 225.e1 149. Chapter 135: The Forced Pronation Test for Pronator Syndrome - p. 226 150. Chapter 136: The Pinch Test for Anterior Interosseous Syndrome - p. 228.e1 151. Chapter 137: The Creaking Tendon Test for Intersection Syndrome - p. 229 152. Section V: The Wrist and Hand - p. 230 153. Chapter 138: Functional Anatomy of the Wrist - p. 230 154. Chapter 139: Visual Inspection of the Wrist and Hand - p. 233 155. Chapter 140: Palpation of the Wrist and Hand - p. 235 156. Chapter 141: Extension of the Wrist and Hand - p. 236 157. Chapter 142: Flexion of the Wrist and Hand - p. 237 158. Chapter 143: Adduction of the Wrist and Hand - p. 238 159. Chapter 144: Abduction of the Wrist and Hand - p. 239 160. Chapter 145: Painful Conditions of the Wrist and Hand - p. 240 161. Chapter 146: The Wristwatch Test for Cheiralgia Paresthetica - p. 241 162. Chapter 147: The Finkelstein Test for de Quervain Tenosynovitis - p. 243 163. Chapter 148: The Tethered Thumb Test for de Quervain Tenosynovitis - p. 246.e1 164. Chapter 149: The Eichhoff Test for de Quervain Tenosynovitis - p. 247 165. Chapter 150: The Allen Test for Patency of the Radial and Ulnar Arteries at the Wrist - p. 248 166. Chapter 151: The Watson Stress Test for Arthritis of the Carpometacarpal Joint of the Thumb - p. 250 167. Chapter 152: The Swanson Grind Test for Arthritis of the Carpometacarpal Joint of the Thumb - p. 251 168. Chapter 153: The Ulnar Click Test for Ulnar Impaction Syndrome - p. 252 169. Chapter 154: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome - p. 253 170. Chapter 155: The Tinel Sign for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome - p. 256 171. Chapter 156: The Phalen Test for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome - p. 257.e1 172. Chapter 157: The Reverse Phalen Test for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome - p. 258.e1 173. Chapter 158: The Opponens Weakness Test for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome - p. 259 174. Chapter 159: The Opponens Pinch Test for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome - p. 260.e1 175. Chapter 160: The Two-Point Discrimination Test for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome - p. 261.e1 176. Chapter 161: The Scratch Collapse Test for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome - p. 262 177. Chapter 162: The Durkan Test for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome - p. 264 178. Chapter 163: Phdurkan Test - p. 265 179. Chapter 164: The Hand Elevation Test for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome - p. 266 180. Chapter 165: The Gilliatt Tourniquet Test for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome - p. 267 181. Chapter 166: The Berger Test for Identification of Lumbrical Involvement in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome - p. 268 182. Chapter 167: The Dowart Hotdog Sign for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome - p. 269 183. Chapter 168: The Spread Sign for Ulnar Tunnel Syndrome - p. 270 184. Chapter 169: The Flexion/Extension Test for Ganglion Cysts of the Wrist - p. 272.e1 185. Chapter 170: The Hunchback Carpal Sign for Carpal Boss - p. 273 186. Chapter 171: The Tuck Sign for Extensor Tenosynovitis of the Wrist - p. 275 187. Chapter 172: The Palmar Band Sign for Dupuytren Contracture - p. 277 188. Chapter 173: The Allen Test for Patency of the Digital Arteries of the Fingers - p. 278 189. Chapter 174: The Catching Tendon Sign for Trigger Finger Syndrome - p. 279 190. Chapter 175: The Sausage Finger Sign for Psoriatic Arthritis - p. 281.e1 191. Chapter 176: The Swan Neck Deformity Sign - p. 283 192. Chapter 177: The Boutonnière Deformity Sign - p. 284 193. Chapter 178: The Heberden Node Sign for Osteoarthritis of the Distal Interphalangeal Joints - p. 285 194. Chapter 179: The Bouchard Node Sign for Osteoarthritis of the Proximal Interphalangeal Joints - p. 286 195. Chapter 180: The Ice Water Test for Glomus Tumor of the Finger - p. 287 196. Section VI: The Chest Wall, Thorax, and Thoracic Spine - p. 289 197. Chapter 181: Winged Scapula Sign for Entrapment of the Long Thoracic Nerve of Bell - p. 289 198. Chapter 182: The Suprascapular Notch Sign for Suprascapular Nerve Entrapment Syndrome - p. 291 199. Chapter 183: The Shoulder Retraction Test for Costosternal Syndrome - p. 293 200. Chapter 184: The Swollen Costosternal Joint Sign for Tietze Syndrome - p. 294 201. Chapter 185: The Shrug Test for Sternoclavicular Joint Dysfunction - p. 296 202. Chapter 186: The Hooking Maneuver Test for Slipping Rib Syndrome - p. 298.e1 203. Chapter 187: The Flexion Test for Acute Thoracic Vertebral Compression Fracture - p. 300 204. Chapter 188: The Soto-Hall Test for Upper Thoracic Spine Pain - p. 302 205. Section VII: The Lumbar Spine - p. 303 206. Chapter 189: Functional Anatomy of the Lumbar Spine - p. 303 207. Chapter 190: An Overview of the Nomenclature of the Diseased Lumbar Disc - p. 306 208. Chapter 191: An Overview of Painful Conditions Emanating From the Lumbar Spine - p. 312 209. Chapter 192: Visual Inspection of the Lumbar Spine - p. 313 210. Chapter 193: Palpation of the Lumbar Spine - p. 314 211. Chapter 194: Range of Motion of the Lumbar Spine - p. 315 212. Chapter 195: The Schober Test for Lumbar Spine Flexion - p. 317 213. Chapter 196: The Kemp Test for Lumbar Facet Joint Pain - p. 318 214. Chapter 197: The Interspinous Gap Change Sign for Lumbar Instability - p. 319 215. Chapter 198: The Sill Sign for Lumbar Instability - p. 321 216. Chapter 199: The Lumbar Dermatomes - p. 323 217. Chapter 200: The L4 Neurologic Level - p. 325 218. Chapter 201: The L5 Neurologic Level - p. 327.e1 219. Chapter 202: The S1 Neurologic Level - p. 328.e1 220. Chapter 203: The Lasegue Straight Leg Raising Test for Lumbar Root Irritation - p. 330.e1 221. Chapter 204: The Sitting Straight Leg Raising Test for Lumbar Root Irritation - p. 331 222. Chapter 205: The Naffziger Jugular Compression Test for an Equivocal Lasegue Straight Leg Raising Test - p. 332 223. Chapter 206: The Flip Test for Lumbar Nerve Root Irritation - p. 333 224. Chapter 207: The Buckling Knee Test for Lumbar Nerve Root Irritation - p. 334 225. Chapter 208: The Spurling Test for Lumbar Nerve Root Irritation - p. 335 226. Chapter 209: The Bragard Test for Lumbar Nerve Root Irritation - p. 336.e1 227. Chapter 210: The Ely Test for Lumbar Nerve Root Irritation - p. 337 228. Chapter 211: The Fajersztajn Test for Lumbar Nerve Root Irritation - p. 338.e1 229. Chapter 212: The Stoop Test for Spinal Stenosis - p. 339 230. Chapter 213: The Babinski Sign for Diseases of the Corticospinal System - p. 341 231. Chapter 214: The Chaddock Sign for Diseases of the Corticospinal System - p. 342.e1 232. Chapter 215: The Oppenheim Sign for Diseases of the Corticospinal System - p. 343 233. Chapter 216: The Gordon Reflex for Diseases of the Corticospinal System - p. 344 234. Section VIII: The Abdominal Wall and Pelvis - p. 346 235. Chapter 217: The Sit-Up Sign for Anterior Cutaneous Nerve Entrapment Syndrome - p. 346 236. Chapter 218: The Waddling Gait Sign for Osteitis Pubis Syndrome - p. 348 237. Chapter 219: The Direct Pressure Spring Test for Osteitis Pubis - p. 350 238. Chapter 220: The Yeoman Test for Sacroiliac Joint Pain - p. 351 239. Chapter 221: The Van Durson Standing Flexion Test for Sacroiliac Joint Pain - p. 352 240. Chapter 222: The Piedallu Seated Flexion Test for Sacroiliac Joint Pain - p. 353 241. Chapter 223: The Stork Test for Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction - p. 354 242. Chapter 224: The Gaenslen Test for Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction - p. 355 243. Chapter 225: The Distraction Test for Sacroiliac Joint Pain - p. 357 244. Chapter 226: The Side-Lying Compression Test for Sacroiliac Joint Pain - p. 358 245. Chapter 227: The Thigh Trust Test for Sacroiliac Joint Pain - p. 359 246. Chapter 228: The Fortin Finger Test for Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction - p. 360 247. Chapter 229: The Sacroiliac Compression and Distraction Test for Pelvic Fracture - p. 362 248. Chapter 230: The Numb Medial Thigh Sign for Obturator Nerve Entrapment Syndrome - p. 363 249. Chapter 231: The Novice Skier Sign for Ilioinguinal Nerve Entrapment Syndrome - p. 365 250. Chapter 232: The Femoral Stretch Test - p. 367 251. Chapter 233: The Burning Lateral Thigh Sign for Meralgia Paresthetica - p. 369.e1 252. Section IX: The Hip - p. 371 253. Chapter 234: Functional Anatomy of the Hip - p. 371 254. Chapter 235: Visual Inspection of the Hip Joint - p. 375 255. Chapter 236: Palpation of the Hip - p. 376 256. Chapter 237: Flexion of the Hip - p. 377 257. Chapter 238: Extension of the Hip - p. 378 258. Chapter 239: Abduction of the Hip - p. 379 259. Chapter 240: Adduction of the Hip - p. 380 260. Chapter 241: Internal Rotation of the Hip - p. 381 261. Chapter 242: External Rotation of the Hip - p. 382 262. Chapter 243: Painful Conditions of the Hip - p. 383 263. Chapter 244: The Thomas Test for Flexion Deformity of the Hip - p. 384 264. Chapter 245: The Trendelenburg Test for Weak Hip Abductors - p. 385 265. Chapter 246: The Hopalong Cassidy Sign for Antalgic Gait - p. 386 266. Chapter 247: The Patrick/FABER Test for Hip Pathology - p. 388 267. Chapter 248: The Hip Quadrant Scour Test for Femoroacetabular Joint Pain - p. 389.e1 268. Chapter 249: The Waldman Knee Squeeze Test for Adductor Tendinitis - p. 391 269. Chapter 250: The Resisted Hip Extension Test for Ischial Bursitis - p. 393 270. Chapter 251: The Resisted Hip Abduction Test for Gluteal Bursitis - p. 394.e1 271. Chapter 252: The External Derotation Test for Gluteal Tendinopathy - p. 395.e1 272. Chapter 253: The Hip Lag Test for Gluteus Medius Tear - p. 396 273. Chapter 254: The Resisted Hip Adduction Test for Iliopsoas Bursitis - p. 398 274. Chapter 255: The Piriformis Test for Piriformis Syndrome - p. 399.e1 275. Chapter 256: The Freiberg Forceful Internal Rotation Test for Piriformis Syndrome - p. 400 276. Chapter 257: Pace Nagel Resisted Contraction Maneuver for Piriformis Syndrome - p. 402 277. Chapter 258: The Flexion, Adduction, Internal Rotation Test for Piriformis Syndrome - p. 403 278. Chapter 259: The Beatty Test for Piriformis Syndrome - p. 404 279. Chapter 260: The Piriformis Syndrome Sign - p. 405 280. Chapter 261: The Heel Contralateral Knee Test for Piriformis Syndrome - p. 406 281. Chapter 262: The Resisted Abduction Release Test for Trochanteric Bursitis Pain - p. 407 282. Chapter 263: The Fulcrum Test for Stress Fractures of the Femoral Shaft - p. 409 283. Chapter 264: The Ober Test for Iliotibial Band Contracture - p. 411 284. Chapter 265: The Snap Sign for Snapping Hip Syndrome - p. 412 285. Chapter 266: The Hip Dislocator Test for Snapping Hip Syndrome - p. 414 286. Chapter 267: The Fan Test for Snapping Hip Syndrome - p. 415 287. Chapter 268: External Snapping Hip Test for External Snapping Hip Syndrome - p. 416 288. Chapter 269: The Internal Snapping Hip Test for Internal Snapping Hip Syndrome - p. 417 289. Chapter 270: Active Iliopsoas Snapping Test for Internal Snapping Hip Syndrome - p. 418 290. Section X: The Knee - p. 419 291. Chapter 271: Functional Anatomy of the Knee - p. 419 292. Chapter 272: Visual Inspection of the Knee - p. 423 293. Chapter 273: Palpation of the Knee - p. 424 294. Chapter 274: Flexion of the Knee - p. 425 295. Chapter 275: Extension of the Knee - p. 426 296. Chapter 276: Rotation of the Knee - p. 427 297. Chapter 277: An Overview of Painful Conditions of the Knee - p. 428 298. Chapter 278: The Bulge Sign for Small Joint Effusions - p. 429 299. Chapter 279: The Ballottement Test for Large Joint Effusions - p. 430 300. Chapter 280: The Valgus Stress Test for Medial Collateral Ligament Integrity - p. 432.e1 301. Chapter 281: The Swain Rotary Stability Test for Medial Knee Instability - p. 433 302. Chapter 282: The Varus Stress Test for Lateral Collateral Ligament Integrity - p. 434 303. Chapter 283: The Anterior Drawer Test for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Integrity - p. 435 304. Chapter 284: The Flexion-Rotation Anterior Drawer Test for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Instability - p. 436 305. Chapter 285: The Lachman Test for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Integrity - p. 437 306. Chapter 286: The Posterior Drawer Test for Posterior Cruciate Ligament Integrity - p. 438 307. Chapter 287: The Hughston External Rotation-Recurvatum Test for Posterior Cruciate Ligament Instability - p. 439 308. Chapter 288: The Quadriceps Active Test for Posterior Cruciate Ligament Integrity - p. 440 309. Chapter 289: The Pivot Shift Test for Anterolateral Rotary Instability - p. 441 310. Chapter 290: The Reverse Pivot Shift Test of Jakob for Posterolateral Instability - p. 442 311. Chapter 291: The Tibial External Rotation Test for Injury to the Posterolateral Corner - p. 443 312. Chapter 292: The Perkins Test for Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome - p. 444 313. Chapter 293: The Patellar Grind Test for Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome - p. 445 314. Chapter 294: The Fairbanks Apprehension Test for Lateral Patellar Subluxation - p. 446 315. Chapter 295: The Patellar Tilt Test for Lateral Retinacular Dysfunction - p. 447 316. Chapter 296: The McMurray Test for Torn Meniscus - p. 448 317. Chapter 297: The Apley Grinding Test for Meniscal Tear - p. 449 318. Chapter 298: The Squat Test for Meniscal Tear - p. 450 319. Chapter 299: The Ege Test for Meniscal Tear - p. 451 320. Chapter 300: The Thessaly Test for Meniscal Tear - p. 453 321. Chapter 301: The Twist Test for Semimembranosus Insertion Syndrome - p. 455 322. Chapter 302: The Knee Extension Test for Quadriceps Expansion Syndrome - p. 457 323. Chapter 303: Bursitis of the Knee - p. 459 324. Chapter 304: The Creaking Tendon Sign for Hamstring Tendinitis - p. 463 325. Chapter 305: The Noble Compression Test for Iliotibial Band Syndrome - p. 464 326. Chapter 306: The Bump Sign for Baker Cyst of the Knee - p. 465 327. Chapter 307: The Foucher Sign for Baker Cyst - p. 467 328. Section XI: The Ankle and Foot - p. 469 329. Chapter 308: Functional Anatomy of the Ankle and Foot - p. 469 330. Chapter 309: Visual Inspection of the Ankle and Foot - p. 472 331. Chapter 310: Palpation of the Ankle and Foot - p. 474 332. Chapter 311: The Wave Test for Ankle Joint Effusion - p. 476 333. Chapter 312: The Anterior Drawer Test for Anterior Talofibular Ligament Insufficiency - p. 477 334. Chapter 313: The Inversion Test for Anterior Talofibular Ligament Insufficiency - p. 479 335. Chapter 314: The Eversion Test for Deltoid Ligament Insufficiency - p. 481 336. Chapter 315: The Kleiger Test for High Ankle Sprain - p. 484 337. Chapter 316: The Talar Tilt Test for Lateral Ankle Sprain - p. 485 338. Chapter 317: The Squeeze Test for Syndesmosis Ankle Strain - p. 488 339. Chapter 318: The External Rotation Test for Syndesmosis Ankle Strain - p. 489 340. Chapter 319: The Tinel Sign for Anterior Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome - p. 490 341. Chapter 320: The Tinel Sign for Posterior Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome - p. 492 342. Chapter 321: The Valleix Sign for Posterior Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome - p. 495 343. Chapter 322: The Creak Sign for Achilles Tendinitis - p. 496 344. Chapter 323: The Toe Raise Test for Achilles Tendon Rupture - p. 498 345. Chapter 324: The Thompson Squeeze Test for Achilles Tendon Rupture - p. 500 346. Chapter 325: The Matles Test for Achilles Tendon Rupture - p. 501 347. Chapter 326: The Calcaneal Jump Sign for Plantar Fasciitis - p. 502 348. Chapter 327: The Calcaneal Squeeze Test for Calcaneal Stress Fracture - p. 504 349. Chapter 328: The Windlass Test for Plantar Fasciitis - p. 505 350. Chapter 329: The Mulder Sign for Morton Neuroma - p. 507 351. Chapter 330: The Digital Nerve Stretch Test for Morton Neuroma - p. 509 352. Chapter 331: The Metatarsophalangeal Dorsal Drawer Test for Plantar Plate Insufficiency - p. 510 353. Chapter 332: The Paper Pullout Test for Plantar Plate Insufficiency - p. 511 354. Index - p. 512 355. Confidence is ClinicalKey - p. 512
