Quantum Communication, Quantum Networks and Quantum Sensing: An Applied Approach, Second Edition, is a self-contained and up-to date introduction to quantum communication, quantum error-correction, quantum networks, and quantum sensing. It provides everything an engineer or computer scientist needs in one tutorial-based introduction to understand and implement quantum-level circuits and modules for quantum communication and networking, quantum sensing, and quantum error correction. This text is suitable for engineers, computer scientists, optical engineers, physicists and mathematicians who want a non-theoretical and practical introduction to quantum communications, quantum networks and quantum sensing.
1. Chapter 1. Introduction - p. 1 2. Chapter 2. Information theory, error correction, and detection theory - p. 23 3. 2.1 Classical information theory fundamentals - p. 23 4. 2.2 Channel coding preliminaries - p. 32 5. 2.3 Linear block codes - p. 33 6. 2.4 Cyclic codes - p. 42 7. 2.5 Bose–Chaudhuri–Hocquenghem codes - p. 47 8. 2.6 Reed-Solomon codes, concatenated codes, and product codes - p. 54 9. 2.7 Low-density parity-check codes - p. 55 10. 2.8 Detection and estimation theory fundamentals - p. 66 11. 2.9 Concluding remarks - p. 74 12. 2.10 Problems - p. 74 13. Chapter 3. Quantum information processing fundamentals - p. 83 14. 3.1 Quantum information processing features - p. 83 15. 3.2 State vectors, operators, projection operators, and density operators - p. 84 16. 3.3 Measurements, uncertainty relations, and dynamics of a quantum system - p. 88 17. 3.4 Superposition principle, quantum parallelism, and quantum information processing basics - p. 93 18. 3.5 No-cloning theorem - p. 96 19. 3.6 Distinguishing quantum states - p. 97 20. 3.7 Quantum entanglement - p. 98 21. 3.8 Operator-sum representation - p. 102 22. 3.9 Decoherence effects, depolarization, and amplitude damping channel models - p. 104 23. 3.10 Quantum information processing simulators - p. 108 24. 3.11 Summary - p. 112 25. 3.12 Problems - p. 113 26. Chapter 4. Quantum information theory and quantum error correction fundamentals - p. 119 27. 4.1 Introductory remarks - p. 119 28. 4.2 Von Neumann entropy - p. 119 29. 4.3 Holevo information, accessible information, and Holevo bound - p. 124 30. 4.4 Data compression and Schumacher’s noiseless quantum coding theorem - p. 126 31. 4.5 Quantum channels - p. 131 32. 4.6 Quantum channel coding and Holevo-Schumacher-Westmoreland theorem - p. 135 33. 4.7 Quantum error correction concepts - p. 141 34. 4.8 Important quantum coding bounds - p. 149 35. 4.9 Quantum error correction - p. 152 36. 4.10 Summary - p. 161 37. 4.11 Problems - p. 161 38. Chapter 5. Quantum optics fundamentals - p. 169 39. 5.1 Electromagnetic waves, vector potential, and wave equation - p. 169 40. 5.2 Quantizing the electromagnetic field - p. 171 41. 5.3 Fock states - p. 173 42. 5.4 Coherent states - p. 173 43. 5.5 Quadrature operators - p. 176 44. 5.6 Squeezed states - p. 178 45. 5.7 Beam splitter - p. 179 46. 5.8 Balanced homodyne detection - p. 182 47. 5.9 Mach-Zehnder interferometer - p. 183 48. 5.10 Thermal radiation states - p. 184 49. 5.11 Quadrature operators in shot noise unit - p. 185 50. 5.12 Field coherent states, P-representation, Q-function, Wigner function, and noise representation - p. 187 51. 5.13 Gaussian States - p. 192 52. 5.14 Gaussian transformations and Gaussian channels - p. 193 53. 5.15 Representation of squeezed states - p. 195 54. 5.16 Generation of quantum states - p. 198 55. 5.17 Thermal decomposition of Gaussian states and von Neumann entropy - p. 201 56. 5.18 Correlation matrices of two-mode Gaussian states - p. 202 57. 5.19 Gaussian state measurement and detection - p. 202 58. 5.20 Covariance matrices of multimode Gaussian systems - p. 205 59. 5.21 Concluding remarks - p. 207 60. 5.22 Problems - p. 208 61. Chapter 6. Quantum detection and quantum communications - p. 215 62. 6.1 Density operators (revisited) - p. 215 63. 6.2 Quantum detection theory fundamentals - p. 216 64. 6.3 Binary quantum detection - p. 218 65. 6.4 Coherent states, quadrature operators, and uncertainty relation (revisited) - p. 220 66. 6.5 Binary quantum optical communications in absence of background radiation - p. 224 67. 6.6 Field coherent states, P-representation, and noise representation (revisited) - p. 229 68. 6.7 Binary quantum detection in presence of noise - p. 232 69. 6.8 Gaussian states, Gaussian transformation, Gaussian channels, squeezed states, and Gaussian state detection - p. 233 70. 6.9 Multilevel quantum optical communications - p. 244 71. 6.10 Summary - p. 250 72. 6.11 Problems - p. 250 73. Chapter 7. Quantum key distribution - p. 257 74. 7.1 Cryptography basics - p. 257 75. 7.2 Quantum key distribution basics - p. 258 76. 7.3 No-Cloning theorem and distinguishing of quantum states - p. 260 77. 7.4 Discrete variable-quantum key distribution protocols - p. 260 78. 7.5 Quantum key distribution security - p. 265 79. 7.6 Decoy state protocols - p. 269 80. 7.7 Measurement device–independent quantum key distribution protocols - p. 271 81. 7.8 Twin-field quantum key distribution protocols - p. 275 82. 7.9 Information reconciliation and privacy amplification - p. 278 83. 7.10 Continuous variable quantum key distribution - p. 282 84. 7.11 Entanglement-assisted continuous variable quantum key with information reconciliation performed over entanglement assisted free-space optical link - p. 292 85. 7.12 Summary - p. 294 86. 7.13 Problems - p. 296 87. Chapter 8. Quantum stabilizer and quantum LDPC codes - p. 305 88. 8.1 Stabilizer codes - p. 305 89. 8.2 Encoded operators - p. 308 90. 8.3 Finite geometry representation - p. 311 91. 8.4 Standard form of stabilizer codes - p. 313 92. 8.5 Efficient encoding and decoding - p. 316 93. 8.6 Nonbinary stabilizer codes - p. 324 94. 8.7 Subsystem codes - p. 328 95. 8.8 Topological codes - p. 333 96. 8.9 Surface codes - p. 336 97. 8.10 Entanglement-Assisted (EA) quantum codes - p. 337 98. 8.11 Quantum LDPC codes - p. 344 99. 8.12 Summary - p. 357 100. 8.13 Problems - p. 357 101. Chapter 9. Quantum networks - p. 367 102. 9.1 Quantum communication networks and quantum Internet - p. 367 103. 9.2 Quantum teleportation and quantum relay - p. 369 104. 9.3 Entanglement distribution - p. 369 105. 9.4 Engineering of entangled states and hybrid CV-DV quantum networks - p. 375 106. 9.5 Cluster state-based quantum networking - p. 379 107. 9.6 Surface codes- and quantum LDPC codes-based quantum networking - p. 384 108. 9.7 Entanglement assisted communication and networking - p. 385 109. 9.8 Summary - p. 398 110. 9.9 Problems - p. 399 111. Chapter 10. Quantum metrology, quantum sensing, and quantum radars - p. 405 112. 10.1 Quantum metrology - p. 405 113. 10.2 Quantum phase estimation - p. 411 114. 10.3 Quantum Fisher information and quantum Cramér-Rao bound - p. 416 115. 10.4 Distibuted quantum sensing - p. 418 116. 10.5 Quantum radars - p. 424 117. 10.6 Entanglement-assisted radars preforming phase-conjugation on idler photons - p. 435 118. 10.7 Summary - p. 438 119. 10.8 Problems - p. 440 120. Chapter 11. Quantum machine learning - p. 443 121. 11.1 Machine learning Fundamentals - p. 443 122. 11.1.1 Machine learning basics - p. 443 123. 11.1.2 Principal component analysis - p. 448 124. 11.1.3 Support vector machines - p. 452 125. 11.1.4 Clustering - p. 455 126. 11.1.4.1 K-means clustering - p. 455 127. 11.1.4.2 Cluster quality - p. 456 128. 11.1.4.3 Expectation maximization (EM) clustering - p. 458 129. 11.1.4.4 K-nearest neighbor (K-NN) algorithm - p. 460 130. 11.1.5 Boosting - p. 461 131. 11.1.6 Regression analysis - p. 462 132. 11.1.7 Neural networks - p. 463 133. 11.2 The Ising model, adiabatic quantum computing, and quantum annealing - p. 469 134. 11.3 Quantum approximate optimization algorithm and variational quantum eigensolver - p. 472 135. 11.4 Quantum boosting (QBoost) - p. 476 136. 11.5 Quantum random access memory - p. 477 137. 11.6 Quantum matrix inversion - p. 478 138. 11.7 Quantum principal component analysis - p. 479 139. 11.8 Quantum optimization-based clustering - p. 480 140. 11.9 Grover algorithm-based global quantum optimization - p. 481 141. 11.10 Quantum K-means - p. 483 142. 11.11 Quantum support vector machine - p. 485 143. 11.12 Quantum neural networks - p. 488 144. 11.13 Summary - p. 491 145. 11.14 Problems - p. 492 146. Chapter 12. Fault-tolerant quantum error correction - p. 497 147. 12.1 Fault-tolerance basics - p. 497 148. 12.2 Fault-tolerant quantum information processing concepts - p. 498 149. 12.3 Fault-tolerant quantum error correction - p. 501 150. 12.3.1 Fault-tolerant syndrome extraction - p. 503 151. 12.3.2 Fault-tolerant encoded operations - p. 508 152. 12.3.3 Measurement protocol - p. 512 153. 12.3.4 Fault-tolerant stabilizer codes - p. 514 154. 12.3.5 [5,1,3] Fault-tolerant stabilizer code - p. 519 155. 12.4 Summary - p. 521 156. 12.5 Problems - p. 521 157. Index - p. 527
Quantum Communication, Quantum Networks and Quantum Sensing: An Applied Approach, Second Edition, is a self-contained and up-to date introduction to quantum communication, quantum error-correction, quantum networks, and quantum sensing. It provides everything an engineer or computer scientist needs in one tutorial-based introduction to understand and implement quantum-level circuits and modules for quantum communication and networking, quantum sensing, and quantum error correction. This text is suitable for engineers, computer scientists, optical engineers, physicists and mathematicians who want a non-theoretical and practical introduction to quantum communications, quantum networks and quantum sensing.
1. Chapter 1. Introduction - p. 1 2. Chapter 2. Information theory, error correction, and detection theory - p. 23 3. 2.1 Classical information theory fundamentals - p. 23 4. 2.2 Channel coding preliminaries - p. 32 5. 2.3 Linear block codes - p. 33 6. 2.4 Cyclic codes - p. 42 7. 2.5 Bose–Chaudhuri–Hocquenghem codes - p. 47 8. 2.6 Reed-Solomon codes, concatenated codes, and product codes - p. 54 9. 2.7 Low-density parity-check codes - p. 55 10. 2.8 Detection and estimation theory fundamentals - p. 66 11. 2.9 Concluding remarks - p. 74 12. 2.10 Problems - p. 74 13. Chapter 3. Quantum information processing fundamentals - p. 83 14. 3.1 Quantum information processing features - p. 83 15. 3.2 State vectors, operators, projection operators, and density operators - p. 84 16. 3.3 Measurements, uncertainty relations, and dynamics of a quantum system - p. 88 17. 3.4 Superposition principle, quantum parallelism, and quantum information processing basics - p. 93 18. 3.5 No-cloning theorem - p. 96 19. 3.6 Distinguishing quantum states - p. 97 20. 3.7 Quantum entanglement - p. 98 21. 3.8 Operator-sum representation - p. 102 22. 3.9 Decoherence effects, depolarization, and amplitude damping channel models - p. 104 23. 3.10 Quantum information processing simulators - p. 108 24. 3.11 Summary - p. 112 25. 3.12 Problems - p. 113 26. Chapter 4. Quantum information theory and quantum error correction fundamentals - p. 119 27. 4.1 Introductory remarks - p. 119 28. 4.2 Von Neumann entropy - p. 119 29. 4.3 Holevo information, accessible information, and Holevo bound - p. 124 30. 4.4 Data compression and Schumacher’s noiseless quantum coding theorem - p. 126 31. 4.5 Quantum channels - p. 131 32. 4.6 Quantum channel coding and Holevo-Schumacher-Westmoreland theorem - p. 135 33. 4.7 Quantum error correction concepts - p. 141 34. 4.8 Important quantum coding bounds - p. 149 35. 4.9 Quantum error correction - p. 152 36. 4.10 Summary - p. 161 37. 4.11 Problems - p. 161 38. Chapter 5. Quantum optics fundamentals - p. 169 39. 5.1 Electromagnetic waves, vector potential, and wave equation - p. 169 40. 5.2 Quantizing the electromagnetic field - p. 171 41. 5.3 Fock states - p. 173 42. 5.4 Coherent states - p. 173 43. 5.5 Quadrature operators - p. 176 44. 5.6 Squeezed states - p. 178 45. 5.7 Beam splitter - p. 179 46. 5.8 Balanced homodyne detection - p. 182 47. 5.9 Mach-Zehnder interferometer - p. 183 48. 5.10 Thermal radiation states - p. 184 49. 5.11 Quadrature operators in shot noise unit - p. 185 50. 5.12 Field coherent states, P-representation, Q-function, Wigner function, and noise representation - p. 187 51. 5.13 Gaussian States - p. 192 52. 5.14 Gaussian transformations and Gaussian channels - p. 193 53. 5.15 Representation of squeezed states - p. 195 54. 5.16 Generation of quantum states - p. 198 55. 5.17 Thermal decomposition of Gaussian states and von Neumann entropy - p. 201 56. 5.18 Correlation matrices of two-mode Gaussian states - p. 202 57. 5.19 Gaussian state measurement and detection - p. 202 58. 5.20 Covariance matrices of multimode Gaussian systems - p. 205 59. 5.21 Concluding remarks - p. 207 60. 5.22 Problems - p. 208 61. Chapter 6. Quantum detection and quantum communications - p. 215 62. 6.1 Density operators (revisited) - p. 215 63. 6.2 Quantum detection theory fundamentals - p. 216 64. 6.3 Binary quantum detection - p. 218 65. 6.4 Coherent states, quadrature operators, and uncertainty relation (revisited) - p. 220 66. 6.5 Binary quantum optical communications in absence of background radiation - p. 224 67. 6.6 Field coherent states, P-representation, and noise representation (revisited) - p. 229 68. 6.7 Binary quantum detection in presence of noise - p. 232 69. 6.8 Gaussian states, Gaussian transformation, Gaussian channels, squeezed states, and Gaussian state detection - p. 233 70. 6.9 Multilevel quantum optical communications - p. 244 71. 6.10 Summary - p. 250 72. 6.11 Problems - p. 250 73. Chapter 7. Quantum key distribution - p. 257 74. 7.1 Cryptography basics - p. 257 75. 7.2 Quantum key distribution basics - p. 258 76. 7.3 No-Cloning theorem and distinguishing of quantum states - p. 260 77. 7.4 Discrete variable-quantum key distribution protocols - p. 260 78. 7.5 Quantum key distribution security - p. 265 79. 7.6 Decoy state protocols - p. 269 80. 7.7 Measurement device–independent quantum key distribution protocols - p. 271 81. 7.8 Twin-field quantum key distribution protocols - p. 275 82. 7.9 Information reconciliation and privacy amplification - p. 278 83. 7.10 Continuous variable quantum key distribution - p. 282 84. 7.11 Entanglement-assisted continuous variable quantum key with information reconciliation performed over entanglement assisted free-space optical link - p. 292 85. 7.12 Summary - p. 294 86. 7.13 Problems - p. 296 87. Chapter 8. Quantum stabilizer and quantum LDPC codes - p. 305 88. 8.1 Stabilizer codes - p. 305 89. 8.2 Encoded operators - p. 308 90. 8.3 Finite geometry representation - p. 311 91. 8.4 Standard form of stabilizer codes - p. 313 92. 8.5 Efficient encoding and decoding - p. 316 93. 8.6 Nonbinary stabilizer codes - p. 324 94. 8.7 Subsystem codes - p. 328 95. 8.8 Topological codes - p. 333 96. 8.9 Surface codes - p. 336 97. 8.10 Entanglement-Assisted (EA) quantum codes - p. 337 98. 8.11 Quantum LDPC codes - p. 344 99. 8.12 Summary - p. 357 100. 8.13 Problems - p. 357 101. Chapter 9. Quantum networks - p. 367 102. 9.1 Quantum communication networks and quantum Internet - p. 367 103. 9.2 Quantum teleportation and quantum relay - p. 369 104. 9.3 Entanglement distribution - p. 369 105. 9.4 Engineering of entangled states and hybrid CV-DV quantum networks - p. 375 106. 9.5 Cluster state-based quantum networking - p. 379 107. 9.6 Surface codes- and quantum LDPC codes-based quantum networking - p. 384 108. 9.7 Entanglement assisted communication and networking - p. 385 109. 9.8 Summary - p. 398 110. 9.9 Problems - p. 399 111. Chapter 10. Quantum metrology, quantum sensing, and quantum radars - p. 405 112. 10.1 Quantum metrology - p. 405 113. 10.2 Quantum phase estimation - p. 411 114. 10.3 Quantum Fisher information and quantum Cramér-Rao bound - p. 416 115. 10.4 Distibuted quantum sensing - p. 418 116. 10.5 Quantum radars - p. 424 117. 10.6 Entanglement-assisted radars preforming phase-conjugation on idler photons - p. 435 118. 10.7 Summary - p. 438 119. 10.8 Problems - p. 440 120. Chapter 11. Quantum machine learning - p. 443 121. 11.1 Machine learning Fundamentals - p. 443 122. 11.1.1 Machine learning basics - p. 443 123. 11.1.2 Principal component analysis - p. 448 124. 11.1.3 Support vector machines - p. 452 125. 11.1.4 Clustering - p. 455 126. 11.1.4.1 K-means clustering - p. 455 127. 11.1.4.2 Cluster quality - p. 456 128. 11.1.4.3 Expectation maximization (EM) clustering - p. 458 129. 11.1.4.4 K-nearest neighbor (K-NN) algorithm - p. 460 130. 11.1.5 Boosting - p. 461 131. 11.1.6 Regression analysis - p. 462 132. 11.1.7 Neural networks - p. 463 133. 11.2 The Ising model, adiabatic quantum computing, and quantum annealing - p. 469 134. 11.3 Quantum approximate optimization algorithm and variational quantum eigensolver - p. 472 135. 11.4 Quantum boosting (QBoost) - p. 476 136. 11.5 Quantum random access memory - p. 477 137. 11.6 Quantum matrix inversion - p. 478 138. 11.7 Quantum principal component analysis - p. 479 139. 11.8 Quantum optimization-based clustering - p. 480 140. 11.9 Grover algorithm-based global quantum optimization - p. 481 141. 11.10 Quantum K-means - p. 483 142. 11.11 Quantum support vector machine - p. 485 143. 11.12 Quantum neural networks - p. 488 144. 11.13 Summary - p. 491 145. 11.14 Problems - p. 492 146. Chapter 12. Fault-tolerant quantum error correction - p. 497 147. 12.1 Fault-tolerance basics - p. 497 148. 12.2 Fault-tolerant quantum information processing concepts - p. 498 149. 12.3 Fault-tolerant quantum error correction - p. 501 150. 12.3.1 Fault-tolerant syndrome extraction - p. 503 151. 12.3.2 Fault-tolerant encoded operations - p. 508 152. 12.3.3 Measurement protocol - p. 512 153. 12.3.4 Fault-tolerant stabilizer codes - p. 514 154. 12.3.5 [5,1,3] Fault-tolerant stabilizer code - p. 519 155. 12.4 Summary - p. 521 156. 12.5 Problems - p. 521 157. Index - p. 527
