Since the first edition of Textbook of Adult Emergency Medicine was published twenty years ago, there has been enormous change in the way emergency care is delivered. This has occurred both in countries where emergency medicine was originally developed and in those where its application was limited because of cost. Emergency medicine is now perceived as the cornerstone of response to acute illness regardless of resources.
This fully revised Fifth Edition provides clear and consistent coverage of this constantly evolving specialty. Building on the success of previous editions it covers all the major topics relevant to the practice of emergency medicine. The book will prove invaluable to professionals working in this setting – including nurse specialists and paramedics – who require concise, highly practical guidance, incorporating the latest best practice and evidence-based guidelines.
This edition comes with an enhanced electronic version with video and self-assessment content, providing a richer learning experience and making rapid reference easier than ever before, anytime, anywhere.
1. Introduction - p. xxiii 2. Assessments - p. xxiv 3. Section 1. Resuscitation - p. xxiv 4. 1.1. Basic life support - p. 1 5. 1.2. Advanced life support - p. 5 6. Section 2. Critical Care - p. 11 7. 2.1. Airway and ventilation management - p. 12 8. 2.2. Oxygen therapy - p. 21 9. 2.3. Haemodynamic monitoring - p. 30 10. 2.4. Shock overview - p. 35 11. 2.5. Sepsis and septic shock - p. 43 12. 2.6. Arterial blood gases - p. 48 13. 2.7. Cerebral resuscitation after cardiac arrest - p. 55 14. 2.8. Anaphylaxis - p. 59 15. Section 3. Trauma - p. 66 16. 3.1. Trauma overview - p. 67 17. 3.2. Neurotrauma - p. 72 18. 3.3. Spinal trauma - p. 76 19. 3.4. Facial trauma - p. 88 20. 3.5. Abdominal trauma - p. 92 21. 3.6. Chest trauma - p. 96 22. 3.7. Limb trauma - p. 101 23. 3.8. Radiology in major trauma - p. 107 24. 3.9. Trauma in pregnancy - p. 122 25. 3.10. Wound care and repair - p. 125 26. 3.11. Burns - p. 137 27. 3.12. Massive transfusion - p. 141 28. Section 4. Orthopaedic Emergencies - p. 146 29. 4.1. Injuries of the shoulder - p. 147 30. 4.2. Dislocations of the elbow - p. 151 31. 4.3. Fractures of the humerus - p. 152 32. 4.4. Fractures of the forearm and carpal bones - p. 156 33. 4.5. Hand injuries - p. 161 34. 4.6. Pelvic injuries - p. 165 35. 4.7. Hip injuries - p. 169 36. 4.8. Femoral injuries - p. 173 37. 4.9. Knee injuries - p. 174 38. 4.10. Tibial and fibular injuries - p. 180 39. 4.11. Ankle joint injuries - p. 183 40. 4.12. Foot injuries - p. 186 41. 4.13. Osteomyelitis - p. 190 42. Section 5. Cardiovascular Emergencies - p. 192 43. 5.1. Chest pain - p. 193 44. 5.2. Acute coronary syndromes - p. 199 45. 5.3. Assessment and management of acute pulmonary oedema - p. 205 46. 5.4. Arrhythmias - p. 209 47. 5.5. Pulmonary embolism - p. 223 48. 5.6. Pericarditis, cardiac tamponade and myocarditis - p. 230 49. 5.7. Heart valve emergencies - p. 237 50. 5.8. Peripheral vascular disease - p. 245 51. 5.9. Hypertension - p. 250 52. 5.10. Aortic dissection - p. 254 53. 5.11. Aneurysms - p. 259 54. Section 6. Respiratory Emergencies - p. 261 55. 6.1. Upper respiratory tract - p. 262 56. 6.2. Asthma - p. 267 57. 6.3. Community-acquired pneumonia - p. 272 58. 6.4. Influenza and emerging respiratory infections - p. 282 59. 6.5. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - p. 285 60. 6.6. Pneumothorax - p. 290 61. 6.7. Pleural effusion - p. 294 62. 6.8. Haemoptysis - p. 298 63. Section 7. Digestive Emergencies - p. 300 64. 7.1. Dysphagia - p. 301 65. 7.2. Approach to abdominal pain - p. 302 66. 7.3. Bowel obstruction - p. 309 67. 7.4. Hernia - p. 312 68. 7.5. Gastroenteritis - p. 314 69. 7.6. Haematemesis and melaena - p. 318 70. 7.7. Peptic ulcer disease and gastritis - p. 323 71. 7.8. Biliary tract disease - p. 327 72. 7.9. Acute pancreatitis - p. 330 73. 7.10. Acute appendicitis - p. 333 74. 7.11. Inflammatory bowel disease - p. 336 75. 7.12. Acute liver failure - p. 339 76. 7.13. Haematochezia - p. 343 77. 7.14. Perianal conditions - p. 348 78. Section 8. Neurology Emergencies - p. 351.e1 79. 8.1. Headache - p. 352 80. 8.2. Stroke and transient ischaemic attacks - p. 356 81. 8.3. Subarachnoid haemorrhage - p. 364 82. 8.4. Altered conscious state - p. 368 83. 8.5. Seizures - p. 374 84. 8.6. Syncope and vertigo - p. 379 85. 8.7. Weakness - p. 383 86. Section 9. Infectious disease emergencies - p. 389 87. 9.1. Approach to undifferentiated fever in adults - p. 390 88. 9.2. Meningitis - p. 395 89. 9.3. Septic arthritis - p. 400 90. 9.4. Urinary tract infections - p. 402 91. 9.5. Skin and soft-tissue infections - p. 409 92. 9.6. Hepatitis - p. 415 93. 9.7. Human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immune deficiency syndrome - p. 420 94. 9.8. Sexually transmitted infections - p. 427 95. 9.9. Antibiotics in the emergency department - p. 433 96. 9.10. Needlestick injuries and related blood and body fluid exposures - p. 443 97. 9.11. Tropical infectious diseases - p. 448 98. Section 10. Genitourinary Emergencies - p. 456 99. 10.1. Acute kidney injury - p. 457 100. 10.2. The acute scrotum - p. 466 101. 10.3. Renal colic - p. 469 102. Section 11. Endocrine Emergencies - p. 471 103. 11.1. Diabetes mellitus and hypoglycaemia: an overview - p. 472 104. 11.2. Diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar, hyperglycaemic state - p. 474 105. 11.3. Thyroid and adrenal emergencies - p. 478 106. Section 12. Metabolic Emergencies - p. 483 107. 12.1. Acid–base disorders - p. 484 108. 12.2. Electrolyte disturbances - p. 488 109. Section 13. Haematology Emergencies - p. 496 110. 13.1. Anaemia - p. 497 111. 13.2. Neutropaenia - p. 503 112. 13.3. Thrombocytopaenia - p. 505 113. 13.4. Haemophilia - p. 508 114. 13.5. Blood and blood products - p. 511 115. Section 14. Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Emergencies - p. 516 116. 14.1. Rheumatological emergencies - p. 517 117. 14.2. Monoarthritis - p. 523 118. 14.3. Polyarthritis - p. 526 119. 14.4. Musculoskeletal and soft-tissue emergencies - p. 533 120. Section 15. Dermatology Emergencies - p. 539.e2 121. 15.1. Emergency dermatology - p. 540 122. Section 16. Ocular Emergencies - p. 548 123. 16.1. Ocular emergencies - p. 549 124. Section 17. Dental Emergencies - p. 556 125. 17.1. Dental emergencies - p. 557 126. Section 18. Ear, Nose and Throat Emergencies - p. 560 127. 18.1. Ear, nose and throat emergencies - p. 561 128. Section 19. Obstetrics and Gynaecology Emergencies - p. 566 129. 19.1. Pelvic pain - p. 567 130. 19.2. Pelvic inflammatory disease - p. 571 131. 19.3. Abnormal vaginal bleeding in the non-pregnant patient - p. 573 132. 19.4. Ectopic pregnancy and bleeding in early pregnancy - p. 576 133. 19.5. Bleeding after the first trimester of pregnancy - p. 579 134. 19.6. Pre-eclampsia and eclampsia - p. 581 135. 19.7. Emergency delivery and complications - p. 584 136. Section 20. Psychiatric Emergencies - p. 594 137. 20.1. Mental state assessment - p. 595 138. 20.2. Distinguishing medical from psychiatric causes of mental disorder presentations - p. 600 139. 20.3. Deliberate self-harm/suicide - p. 604 140. 20.4. Depression - p. 610 141. 20.5. Psychosis - p. 618 142. 20.6. Pharmacological management of the aroused patient - p. 624 143. Section 21. Challenging Situations - p. 627.e1 144. 21.1. Death and dying - p. 628 145. 21.2. Sexual assault - p. 631 146. 21.3. Family violence - p. 635 147. 21.4. Alcohol-related illness - p. 638 148. 21.5. The challenging patient - p. 645 149. 21.6. End-of-life decision making and palliative care - p. 653 150. 21.7. Organ and tissue donation - p. 656 151. Section 22. Pain Relief - p. 659 152. 22.1. General pain management - p. 660 153. 22.2. Local anaesthesia - p. 665 154. 22.3. Emergency department procedural sedation - p. 671 155. Section 23. Emergency Imaging - p. 677 156. 23.1. Emergency department ultrasound - p. 678 157. 23.2. Computed tomography scanning in emergency medicine - p. 689 158. 23.3. Magnetic resonance imaging in emergency medicine - p. 694 159. Section 24. Environmental Emergencies - p. 699 160. 24.1. Heat-related illness - p. 700 161. 24.2. Hypothermia - p. 702 162. 24.3. Dysbarism - p. 706 163. 24.4. Radiation incidents - p. 713 164. 24.5. Drowning - p. 719 165. 24.6. Electric shock and lightning injury - p. 724 166. 24.7. Altitude illness - p. 728 167. Section 25. Toxicology Emergencies - p. 730 168. 25.1. Approach to the poisoned patient - p. 731 169. 25.2. Cardiovascular drugs - p. 737 170. 25.3. Antipsychotic drugs - p. 744 171. 25.4. Antidepressant drugs - p. 748 172. 25.5. Lithium - p. 753 173. 25.6. Paracetamol - p. 756 174. 25.7. Salicylate - p. 760 175. 25.8. Antidiabetic drugs - p. 763 176. 25.9. Colchicine - p. 766 177. 25.10. Theophylline and caffeine - p. 768 178. 25.11. Iron - p. 770 179. 25.12. Drugs of abuse - p. 773 180. 25.13. Cyanide - p. 778 181. 25.14. Hydrofluoric acid - p. 781 182. 25.15. Pesticides - p. 784 183. 25.16. Herbicides - p. 789 184. 25.17. Ethanol and other ‘toxic’ alcohols - p. 792 185. 25.18. Carbon monoxide - p. 798 186. 25.19. Anticonvulsants - p. 801 187. 25.20. Hymenoptera stings - p. 804 188. 25.21. Toxidromes - p. 806 189. 25.22. Chloroquine - p. 812 190. 25.23. Opioids - p. 814 191. 25.24. Oral anticoagulants - p. 816 192. Section 26. Toxinology Emergencies - p. 818 193. 26.1. Snakebite - p. 819 194. 26.2. Exotic snakebite - p. 824 195. 26.3. Spider bite - p. 827 196. 26.4. Marine injury, envenomation and poisoning - p. 831 197. Section 27. Academic Emergency Medicine - p. 834 198. 27.1. Research methodology - p. 835 199. 27.2. Writing for publication - p. 842 200. 27.3. Principles of medical education - p. 845 201. 27.4. Teaching medical students emergency medicine - p. 850 202. 27.5. Postgraduate emergency medicine teaching and simulation - p. 854 203. Section 28. Emergency Medicine And The Law - p. 857 204. 28.1. Mental health and the law: the Australian, NZ and UK perspectives - p. 858 205. 28.2. The coroner: the Australian, NZ and UK perspectives - p. 866 206. 28.3. Consent and competence—the Australian, NZ and UK perspectives - p. 872 207. 28.4. Privacy and confidentiality - p. 877 208. 28.5. Ethics in emergency medicine - p. 880 209. Section 29. Emergency And Medical Systems - p. 886 210. 29.1. Pre-hospital emergency medicine - p. 887 211. 29.2. Retrieval - p. 891 212. 29.3. Medical issues in disasters - p. 896 213. 29.4. Triage - p. 904 214. 29.5. Emergency care in a humanitarian crisis - p. 907 215. 29.6. Emergency department short stay units - p. 911 216. 29.7. Overcrowding - p. 914 217. 29.8. Rapid response systems and the emergency department - p. 916 218. 29.9. Public health and emergency medicine - p. 920 219. Section 30. Administration - p. 922 220. 30.1. Emergency department staffing - p. 923 221. 30.2. Emergency department layout - p. 926 222. 30.3. Quality assurance and quality improvement - p. 930 223. 30.4. Business planning - p. 932 224. 30.5. Accreditation, specialist training and recognition in Australia - p. 935 225. 30.6. Specialist training and recognition in emergency medicine in the United Kingdom - p. 938 226. 30.7. Complaints - p. 941 227. 30.8. Patient safety - p. 946 228. 30.9. Wellness, resilience and performance in emergency medicine - p. 948 229. Index - p. 951
Since the first edition of Textbook of Adult Emergency Medicine was published twenty years ago, there has been enormous change in the way emergency care is delivered. This has occurred both in countries where emergency medicine was originally developed and in those where its application was limited because of cost. Emergency medicine is now perceived as the cornerstone of response to acute illness regardless of resources.
This fully revised Fifth Edition provides clear and consistent coverage of this constantly evolving specialty. Building on the success of previous editions it covers all the major topics relevant to the practice of emergency medicine. The book will prove invaluable to professionals working in this setting – including nurse specialists and paramedics – who require concise, highly practical guidance, incorporating the latest best practice and evidence-based guidelines.
This edition comes with an enhanced electronic version with video and self-assessment content, providing a richer learning experience and making rapid reference easier than ever before, anytime, anywhere.
1. Introduction - p. xxiii 2. Assessments - p. xxiv 3. Section 1. Resuscitation - p. xxiv 4. 1.1. Basic life support - p. 1 5. 1.2. Advanced life support - p. 5 6. Section 2. Critical Care - p. 11 7. 2.1. Airway and ventilation management - p. 12 8. 2.2. Oxygen therapy - p. 21 9. 2.3. Haemodynamic monitoring - p. 30 10. 2.4. Shock overview - p. 35 11. 2.5. Sepsis and septic shock - p. 43 12. 2.6. Arterial blood gases - p. 48 13. 2.7. Cerebral resuscitation after cardiac arrest - p. 55 14. 2.8. Anaphylaxis - p. 59 15. Section 3. Trauma - p. 66 16. 3.1. Trauma overview - p. 67 17. 3.2. Neurotrauma - p. 72 18. 3.3. Spinal trauma - p. 76 19. 3.4. Facial trauma - p. 88 20. 3.5. Abdominal trauma - p. 92 21. 3.6. Chest trauma - p. 96 22. 3.7. Limb trauma - p. 101 23. 3.8. Radiology in major trauma - p. 107 24. 3.9. Trauma in pregnancy - p. 122 25. 3.10. Wound care and repair - p. 125 26. 3.11. Burns - p. 137 27. 3.12. Massive transfusion - p. 141 28. Section 4. Orthopaedic Emergencies - p. 146 29. 4.1. Injuries of the shoulder - p. 147 30. 4.2. Dislocations of the elbow - p. 151 31. 4.3. Fractures of the humerus - p. 152 32. 4.4. Fractures of the forearm and carpal bones - p. 156 33. 4.5. Hand injuries - p. 161 34. 4.6. Pelvic injuries - p. 165 35. 4.7. Hip injuries - p. 169 36. 4.8. Femoral injuries - p. 173 37. 4.9. Knee injuries - p. 174 38. 4.10. Tibial and fibular injuries - p. 180 39. 4.11. Ankle joint injuries - p. 183 40. 4.12. Foot injuries - p. 186 41. 4.13. Osteomyelitis - p. 190 42. Section 5. Cardiovascular Emergencies - p. 192 43. 5.1. Chest pain - p. 193 44. 5.2. Acute coronary syndromes - p. 199 45. 5.3. Assessment and management of acute pulmonary oedema - p. 205 46. 5.4. Arrhythmias - p. 209 47. 5.5. Pulmonary embolism - p. 223 48. 5.6. Pericarditis, cardiac tamponade and myocarditis - p. 230 49. 5.7. Heart valve emergencies - p. 237 50. 5.8. Peripheral vascular disease - p. 245 51. 5.9. Hypertension - p. 250 52. 5.10. Aortic dissection - p. 254 53. 5.11. Aneurysms - p. 259 54. Section 6. Respiratory Emergencies - p. 261 55. 6.1. Upper respiratory tract - p. 262 56. 6.2. Asthma - p. 267 57. 6.3. Community-acquired pneumonia - p. 272 58. 6.4. Influenza and emerging respiratory infections - p. 282 59. 6.5. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - p. 285 60. 6.6. Pneumothorax - p. 290 61. 6.7. Pleural effusion - p. 294 62. 6.8. Haemoptysis - p. 298 63. Section 7. Digestive Emergencies - p. 300 64. 7.1. Dysphagia - p. 301 65. 7.2. Approach to abdominal pain - p. 302 66. 7.3. Bowel obstruction - p. 309 67. 7.4. Hernia - p. 312 68. 7.5. Gastroenteritis - p. 314 69. 7.6. Haematemesis and melaena - p. 318 70. 7.7. Peptic ulcer disease and gastritis - p. 323 71. 7.8. Biliary tract disease - p. 327 72. 7.9. Acute pancreatitis - p. 330 73. 7.10. Acute appendicitis - p. 333 74. 7.11. Inflammatory bowel disease - p. 336 75. 7.12. Acute liver failure - p. 339 76. 7.13. Haematochezia - p. 343 77. 7.14. Perianal conditions - p. 348 78. Section 8. Neurology Emergencies - p. 351.e1 79. 8.1. Headache - p. 352 80. 8.2. Stroke and transient ischaemic attacks - p. 356 81. 8.3. Subarachnoid haemorrhage - p. 364 82. 8.4. Altered conscious state - p. 368 83. 8.5. Seizures - p. 374 84. 8.6. Syncope and vertigo - p. 379 85. 8.7. Weakness - p. 383 86. Section 9. Infectious disease emergencies - p. 389 87. 9.1. Approach to undifferentiated fever in adults - p. 390 88. 9.2. Meningitis - p. 395 89. 9.3. Septic arthritis - p. 400 90. 9.4. Urinary tract infections - p. 402 91. 9.5. Skin and soft-tissue infections - p. 409 92. 9.6. Hepatitis - p. 415 93. 9.7. Human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immune deficiency syndrome - p. 420 94. 9.8. Sexually transmitted infections - p. 427 95. 9.9. Antibiotics in the emergency department - p. 433 96. 9.10. Needlestick injuries and related blood and body fluid exposures - p. 443 97. 9.11. Tropical infectious diseases - p. 448 98. Section 10. Genitourinary Emergencies - p. 456 99. 10.1. Acute kidney injury - p. 457 100. 10.2. The acute scrotum - p. 466 101. 10.3. Renal colic - p. 469 102. Section 11. Endocrine Emergencies - p. 471 103. 11.1. Diabetes mellitus and hypoglycaemia: an overview - p. 472 104. 11.2. Diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar, hyperglycaemic state - p. 474 105. 11.3. Thyroid and adrenal emergencies - p. 478 106. Section 12. Metabolic Emergencies - p. 483 107. 12.1. Acid–base disorders - p. 484 108. 12.2. Electrolyte disturbances - p. 488 109. Section 13. Haematology Emergencies - p. 496 110. 13.1. Anaemia - p. 497 111. 13.2. Neutropaenia - p. 503 112. 13.3. Thrombocytopaenia - p. 505 113. 13.4. Haemophilia - p. 508 114. 13.5. Blood and blood products - p. 511 115. Section 14. Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Emergencies - p. 516 116. 14.1. Rheumatological emergencies - p. 517 117. 14.2. Monoarthritis - p. 523 118. 14.3. Polyarthritis - p. 526 119. 14.4. Musculoskeletal and soft-tissue emergencies - p. 533 120. Section 15. Dermatology Emergencies - p. 539.e2 121. 15.1. Emergency dermatology - p. 540 122. Section 16. Ocular Emergencies - p. 548 123. 16.1. Ocular emergencies - p. 549 124. Section 17. Dental Emergencies - p. 556 125. 17.1. Dental emergencies - p. 557 126. Section 18. Ear, Nose and Throat Emergencies - p. 560 127. 18.1. Ear, nose and throat emergencies - p. 561 128. Section 19. Obstetrics and Gynaecology Emergencies - p. 566 129. 19.1. Pelvic pain - p. 567 130. 19.2. Pelvic inflammatory disease - p. 571 131. 19.3. Abnormal vaginal bleeding in the non-pregnant patient - p. 573 132. 19.4. Ectopic pregnancy and bleeding in early pregnancy - p. 576 133. 19.5. Bleeding after the first trimester of pregnancy - p. 579 134. 19.6. Pre-eclampsia and eclampsia - p. 581 135. 19.7. Emergency delivery and complications - p. 584 136. Section 20. Psychiatric Emergencies - p. 594 137. 20.1. Mental state assessment - p. 595 138. 20.2. Distinguishing medical from psychiatric causes of mental disorder presentations - p. 600 139. 20.3. Deliberate self-harm/suicide - p. 604 140. 20.4. Depression - p. 610 141. 20.5. Psychosis - p. 618 142. 20.6. Pharmacological management of the aroused patient - p. 624 143. Section 21. Challenging Situations - p. 627.e1 144. 21.1. Death and dying - p. 628 145. 21.2. Sexual assault - p. 631 146. 21.3. Family violence - p. 635 147. 21.4. Alcohol-related illness - p. 638 148. 21.5. The challenging patient - p. 645 149. 21.6. End-of-life decision making and palliative care - p. 653 150. 21.7. Organ and tissue donation - p. 656 151. Section 22. Pain Relief - p. 659 152. 22.1. General pain management - p. 660 153. 22.2. Local anaesthesia - p. 665 154. 22.3. Emergency department procedural sedation - p. 671 155. Section 23. Emergency Imaging - p. 677 156. 23.1. Emergency department ultrasound - p. 678 157. 23.2. Computed tomography scanning in emergency medicine - p. 689 158. 23.3. Magnetic resonance imaging in emergency medicine - p. 694 159. Section 24. Environmental Emergencies - p. 699 160. 24.1. Heat-related illness - p. 700 161. 24.2. Hypothermia - p. 702 162. 24.3. Dysbarism - p. 706 163. 24.4. Radiation incidents - p. 713 164. 24.5. Drowning - p. 719 165. 24.6. Electric shock and lightning injury - p. 724 166. 24.7. Altitude illness - p. 728 167. Section 25. Toxicology Emergencies - p. 730 168. 25.1. Approach to the poisoned patient - p. 731 169. 25.2. Cardiovascular drugs - p. 737 170. 25.3. Antipsychotic drugs - p. 744 171. 25.4. Antidepressant drugs - p. 748 172. 25.5. Lithium - p. 753 173. 25.6. Paracetamol - p. 756 174. 25.7. Salicylate - p. 760 175. 25.8. Antidiabetic drugs - p. 763 176. 25.9. Colchicine - p. 766 177. 25.10. Theophylline and caffeine - p. 768 178. 25.11. Iron - p. 770 179. 25.12. Drugs of abuse - p. 773 180. 25.13. Cyanide - p. 778 181. 25.14. Hydrofluoric acid - p. 781 182. 25.15. Pesticides - p. 784 183. 25.16. Herbicides - p. 789 184. 25.17. Ethanol and other ‘toxic’ alcohols - p. 792 185. 25.18. Carbon monoxide - p. 798 186. 25.19. Anticonvulsants - p. 801 187. 25.20. Hymenoptera stings - p. 804 188. 25.21. Toxidromes - p. 806 189. 25.22. Chloroquine - p. 812 190. 25.23. Opioids - p. 814 191. 25.24. Oral anticoagulants - p. 816 192. Section 26. Toxinology Emergencies - p. 818 193. 26.1. Snakebite - p. 819 194. 26.2. Exotic snakebite - p. 824 195. 26.3. Spider bite - p. 827 196. 26.4. Marine injury, envenomation and poisoning - p. 831 197. Section 27. Academic Emergency Medicine - p. 834 198. 27.1. Research methodology - p. 835 199. 27.2. Writing for publication - p. 842 200. 27.3. Principles of medical education - p. 845 201. 27.4. Teaching medical students emergency medicine - p. 850 202. 27.5. Postgraduate emergency medicine teaching and simulation - p. 854 203. Section 28. Emergency Medicine And The Law - p. 857 204. 28.1. Mental health and the law: the Australian, NZ and UK perspectives - p. 858 205. 28.2. The coroner: the Australian, NZ and UK perspectives - p. 866 206. 28.3. Consent and competence—the Australian, NZ and UK perspectives - p. 872 207. 28.4. Privacy and confidentiality - p. 877 208. 28.5. Ethics in emergency medicine - p. 880 209. Section 29. Emergency And Medical Systems - p. 886 210. 29.1. Pre-hospital emergency medicine - p. 887 211. 29.2. Retrieval - p. 891 212. 29.3. Medical issues in disasters - p. 896 213. 29.4. Triage - p. 904 214. 29.5. Emergency care in a humanitarian crisis - p. 907 215. 29.6. Emergency department short stay units - p. 911 216. 29.7. Overcrowding - p. 914 217. 29.8. Rapid response systems and the emergency department - p. 916 218. 29.9. Public health and emergency medicine - p. 920 219. Section 30. Administration - p. 922 220. 30.1. Emergency department staffing - p. 923 221. 30.2. Emergency department layout - p. 926 222. 30.3. Quality assurance and quality improvement - p. 930 223. 30.4. Business planning - p. 932 224. 30.5. Accreditation, specialist training and recognition in Australia - p. 935 225. 30.6. Specialist training and recognition in emergency medicine in the United Kingdom - p. 938 226. 30.7. Complaints - p. 941 227. 30.8. Patient safety - p. 946 228. 30.9. Wellness, resilience and performance in emergency medicine - p. 948 229. Index - p. 951
