Thermoacoustic Combustion Instability Control: Engineering Applications and Computer Codes provides a unique opportunity for researchers, students and engineers to access recent developments from technical, theoretical and engineering perspectives. The book is a compendium of the most recent advances in theoretical and computational modeling and the thermoacoustic instability phenomena associated with multi-dimensional computing methods and recent developments in signal-processing techniques. These include, but are not restricted to a real-time observer, proper orthogonal decomposition (POD), dynamic mode decomposition, Galerkin expansion, empirical mode decomposition, the Lattice Boltzmann method, and associated numerical and analytical approaches.
The fundamental physics of thermoacoustic instability occurs in both macro- and micro-scale combustors. Practical methods for alleviating common problems are presented in the book with an analytical approach to arm readers with the tools they need to apply in their own industrial or research setting. Readers will benefit from practicing the worked examples and the training provided on computer coding for combustion technology to achieve useful results and simulations that advance their knowledge and research.
1. Chapter 1 Introduction of self-sustained thermoacoustic instability - p. 1 2. 1.1: Introduction of thermoacoustic instability phenomena - p. 1 3. 1.2: Basic physics of combustion instabilities and review of Rayleigh criterion - p. 4 4. 1.3: Generation mechanisms of combustion instability - p. 6 5. 1.4: Stability prediction of longitudinal and circumferential eigenmodes in choked thermoacoustic combustor - p. 12 6. 1.5: Mean flow effect on entropy generation in a thermoacoustic combustor - p. 30 7. 1.6: Thermodynamics-acoustics coupling studies on self-excited combustion oscillations maximum growth rate - p. 43 8. 1.7: Heat flux and acoustic power in a convection-driven T-shaped thermoacoustic combustor - p. 59 9. 1.8: Effects of time delay, acoustic losses, combustion-flow interaction index on stability behaviors of a Rijke-type combustor - p. 78 10. 1.9: Identifying chemical kinetics contribution to stability behaviors - p. 88 11. 1.10: Concluding remarks and future work - p. 100 12. Chapter 2 Nonlinear dynamics of thermoacoustic combustors - p. 113 13. 2.1: Introduction - p. 113 14. 2.2: Bifurcation study of a Rijke-type thermoacoustic combustor - p. 114 15. 2.3: Effects of background noises on nonlinear dynamics of a modeled Rijke-type combustor - p. 128 16. 2.4: Coherence resonance and stochastic bifurcation behaviors of Rijke-type combustor - p. 143 17. 2.5: Stochastic properties of a thermoacoustic combustor driven by colored noise - p. 159 18. 2.6: Characterizing nonlinear dynamics features in swirling thermoacoustic combustor - p. 172 19. 2.7: Concluding remarks and future work - p. 190 20. Chapter 3 Transient growth and non-orthogonality of thermoacoustic eigenmodes - p. 203 21. 3.1: Introduction - p. 203 22. 3.2: Transient growth of flow disturbances in triggering Rijke-type thermoacoustic combustor - p. 204 23. 3.2.1: Description of the numerical modeled Rijke-type combustor - p. 204 24. 3.2.2: Effect of mean temperature gradient - p. 212 25. 3.2.3: Orthogonality analysis of the combustion-excited modes - p. 216 26. 3.2.4: Transient growth analysis - p. 219 27. 3.3: Effect of choked outlet on transient energy growth analysis - p. 227 28. 3.4: Effect of entropy waves on transient energy growth in a choked thermoacoustic system - p. 244 29. 3.5: Transient energy growth analysis of a combustor with distributed mean heat input - p. 270 30. 3.6: Concluding remarks and future work - p. 297 31. Nomenclature - p. 298 32. References - p. 299 33. Chapter 4 Intrinsic thermoacoustic instability - p. 305 34. 4.1: Introduction - p. 305 35. 4.2: Entropy-involved energy measure study of intrinsic combustion instability - p. 307 36. 4.3: Intrinsic thermoacoustic instability of a premixed combustor with a moving flame front - p. 320 37. 4.4: Acoustics-vorticity-entropy interaction contribution to intrinsic axisymmetric thermoacoustic instability - p. 336 38. 4.5: Concluding remarks and future work - p. 354 39. Appendix A: Governing equations of the vorticity-entropy-acoustics coupling - p. 354 40. Appendix B: Matrix formulation - p. 357 41. Nomenclature - p. 358 42. Chapter 5 Premixed and nonpremixed flame-acoustics dynamic interaction - p. 365 43. 5.1: Introduction - p. 365 44. 5.2: Hydrogen-fueled diffusion flame in a longitudinal combustor - p. 367 45. 5.3: Acoustically-excited turbulent premixed flames - p. 388 46. 5.4: Blow-off characteristics of premixed methane/air flame under acoustic excitation - p. 401 47. 5.5: Soot suppression from acoustically forcing acetylene diffusion flames - p. 419 48. 5.6: Concluding remarks and future work - p. 432 49. Chapter 6 Active control of thermoacoustic instability - p. 443 50. 6.1: Introduction - p. 443 51. 6.2: Control approaches - p. 450 52. 6.3: Open-loop control strategies - p. 452 53. 6.4: Closed-loop control strategies - p. 455 54. 6.5: Development of transient growth controller - p. 464 55. 6.6: Practical application and challenges - p. 470 56. 6.7: Effects on combustion efficiency and emissions - p. 479 57. 6.8: Case study of feedback control of Rijke-type combustion instability - p. 481 58. 6.9: Controller performances - p. 489 59. 6.10: Sliding mode control of thermoacoustic instability - p. 493 60. 6.11: Concluding remarks and future works - p. 501 61. Appendix: x, Ψ and Φ and M involved in the Rijke tube model - p. 502 62. References - p. 503 63. Chapter 7 Passive control of combustion instabilities - p. 513 64. 7.1: Introduction - p. 513 65. 7.2: Description of combustion-excited oscillations and acoustic dampers - p. 521 66. 7.3: “Tunable” acoustic dampers - p. 530 67. 7.4: Case study 1: Perforated liners - p. 540 68. 7.5: Case study 2: Electrical heater as a damper - p. 556 69. 7.6: Discussion and conclusions - p. 573 70. Acknowledgments - p. 574 71. Appendix A: Energy balance analysis - p. 574 72. Appendix B: Correlation between pump voltage and the cooling flow velocity - p. 576 73. Appendix C: Acoustic signature of nonreacting combustor with cooling flow implemented - p. 576 74. Chapter 8 CFD studies on thermoacoustic instabilities - p. 585 75. 8.1: Introduction - p. 585 76. 8.2: URANS simulations of H2-fueled pulsating combustion oscillations - p. 587 77. 8.3: NOx emission reduction reaction of NH3–H2 with self-excited combustion oscillations - p. 611 78. 8.4: RANS studies on premixed CH4/air swirling combustion instability - p. 630 79. 8.5: LES studies on swirling combustion instabilities - p. 645 80. 8.6: Concluding remarks - p. 663 81. Appendix A: Chemical reaction mechanism - p. 664 82. Appendix B: Experimental setup - p. 666 83. Appendix C: - p. 666 84. Chapter 9 Real-time mode decomposition and proper orthogonal/dynamic mode decomposition analyses of aeroacoustics and ramjet thermoacoustic instability - p. 673 85. 9.1: Introduction - p. 673 86. 9.2: A Real-time decomposition algorithm for monitoring and controlling combustion system - p. 675 87. 9.3: Proper orthogonal decomposition studies on Rijke-type thermoacoustic instability - p. 691 88. 9.4: Dynamic mode decomposition and proper orthogonal decomposition analyses of combustion instability in a solid-fueled Ramjet combustor - p. 705 89. 9.5: Conclusions and future work - p. 733 90. References - p. 734 91. Chapter 10 Meso- and micro-scale combustion instability and flame characteristics - p. 741 92. 10.1: Introduction - p. 741 93. 10.2: Swirling tubular flame–acoustic interaction in a meso-scale premixed combustor - p. 742 94. 10.3: Combustion instability in an oxy-methane meso-combustor with a swirl tubular flame - p. 758 95. 10.4: Flame stability and combustion characteristics in a meso-scale combustor - p. 777 96. 10.5: Micro-scale planar combustor: flame structure, blowout limit and radiant efficiency - p. 798 97. 10.6: Thermal performances and NOx emission in a modeled premixed CH4/NH3 micro-planar combustor - p. 800 98. 10.7: Concluding remarks and future works - p. 817 99. Chapter 11 Ramjet combustion instability and thermodynamic performances - p. 831 100. 11.1: Introduction - p. 831 101. 11.2: Solid-fueled ramjet combustion instability - p. 832 102. 11.3: Guide vane effect on reacting flow characteristics in a ramjet combustor - p. 856 103. 11.4: Swirling effect on thermodynamic performances of a solid-fuel ramjet with paraffin-polyethylene - p. 878 104. 11.5: Concluding remarks - p. 900 105. Chapter 12 Swirling combustion: nonlinear dynamics and emissions - p. 907 106. Chapter 13 Waste thermal energy harvesting from a thermoacoustic system - p. 969 107. 13.1: Introduction - p. 969 108. 13.2: Energy harvesting from a bifurcating thermoacoustic–piezoelectric system - p. 970 109. 13.3: Standing-wave thermoacoustic–piezoelectric energy harvester - p. 986 110. 13.4: Theoretical and experimental studies on a thermoacoustic piezoelectric energy harvester - p. 1006 111. 13.5: Concluding remarks and future work - p. 1032 112. Chapter 14 Standing-wave thermoacoustic engines - p. 1039 113. Appendix - p. 1091 114. Index - p. 1093
Thermoacoustic Combustion Instability Control: Engineering Applications and Computer Codes provides a unique opportunity for researchers, students and engineers to access recent developments from technical, theoretical and engineering perspectives. The book is a compendium of the most recent advances in theoretical and computational modeling and the thermoacoustic instability phenomena associated with multi-dimensional computing methods and recent developments in signal-processing techniques. These include, but are not restricted to a real-time observer, proper orthogonal decomposition (POD), dynamic mode decomposition, Galerkin expansion, empirical mode decomposition, the Lattice Boltzmann method, and associated numerical and analytical approaches.
The fundamental physics of thermoacoustic instability occurs in both macro- and micro-scale combustors. Practical methods for alleviating common problems are presented in the book with an analytical approach to arm readers with the tools they need to apply in their own industrial or research setting. Readers will benefit from practicing the worked examples and the training provided on computer coding for combustion technology to achieve useful results and simulations that advance their knowledge and research.
1. Chapter 1 Introduction of self-sustained thermoacoustic instability - p. 1 2. 1.1: Introduction of thermoacoustic instability phenomena - p. 1 3. 1.2: Basic physics of combustion instabilities and review of Rayleigh criterion - p. 4 4. 1.3: Generation mechanisms of combustion instability - p. 6 5. 1.4: Stability prediction of longitudinal and circumferential eigenmodes in choked thermoacoustic combustor - p. 12 6. 1.5: Mean flow effect on entropy generation in a thermoacoustic combustor - p. 30 7. 1.6: Thermodynamics-acoustics coupling studies on self-excited combustion oscillations maximum growth rate - p. 43 8. 1.7: Heat flux and acoustic power in a convection-driven T-shaped thermoacoustic combustor - p. 59 9. 1.8: Effects of time delay, acoustic losses, combustion-flow interaction index on stability behaviors of a Rijke-type combustor - p. 78 10. 1.9: Identifying chemical kinetics contribution to stability behaviors - p. 88 11. 1.10: Concluding remarks and future work - p. 100 12. Chapter 2 Nonlinear dynamics of thermoacoustic combustors - p. 113 13. 2.1: Introduction - p. 113 14. 2.2: Bifurcation study of a Rijke-type thermoacoustic combustor - p. 114 15. 2.3: Effects of background noises on nonlinear dynamics of a modeled Rijke-type combustor - p. 128 16. 2.4: Coherence resonance and stochastic bifurcation behaviors of Rijke-type combustor - p. 143 17. 2.5: Stochastic properties of a thermoacoustic combustor driven by colored noise - p. 159 18. 2.6: Characterizing nonlinear dynamics features in swirling thermoacoustic combustor - p. 172 19. 2.7: Concluding remarks and future work - p. 190 20. Chapter 3 Transient growth and non-orthogonality of thermoacoustic eigenmodes - p. 203 21. 3.1: Introduction - p. 203 22. 3.2: Transient growth of flow disturbances in triggering Rijke-type thermoacoustic combustor - p. 204 23. 3.2.1: Description of the numerical modeled Rijke-type combustor - p. 204 24. 3.2.2: Effect of mean temperature gradient - p. 212 25. 3.2.3: Orthogonality analysis of the combustion-excited modes - p. 216 26. 3.2.4: Transient growth analysis - p. 219 27. 3.3: Effect of choked outlet on transient energy growth analysis - p. 227 28. 3.4: Effect of entropy waves on transient energy growth in a choked thermoacoustic system - p. 244 29. 3.5: Transient energy growth analysis of a combustor with distributed mean heat input - p. 270 30. 3.6: Concluding remarks and future work - p. 297 31. Nomenclature - p. 298 32. References - p. 299 33. Chapter 4 Intrinsic thermoacoustic instability - p. 305 34. 4.1: Introduction - p. 305 35. 4.2: Entropy-involved energy measure study of intrinsic combustion instability - p. 307 36. 4.3: Intrinsic thermoacoustic instability of a premixed combustor with a moving flame front - p. 320 37. 4.4: Acoustics-vorticity-entropy interaction contribution to intrinsic axisymmetric thermoacoustic instability - p. 336 38. 4.5: Concluding remarks and future work - p. 354 39. Appendix A: Governing equations of the vorticity-entropy-acoustics coupling - p. 354 40. Appendix B: Matrix formulation - p. 357 41. Nomenclature - p. 358 42. Chapter 5 Premixed and nonpremixed flame-acoustics dynamic interaction - p. 365 43. 5.1: Introduction - p. 365 44. 5.2: Hydrogen-fueled diffusion flame in a longitudinal combustor - p. 367 45. 5.3: Acoustically-excited turbulent premixed flames - p. 388 46. 5.4: Blow-off characteristics of premixed methane/air flame under acoustic excitation - p. 401 47. 5.5: Soot suppression from acoustically forcing acetylene diffusion flames - p. 419 48. 5.6: Concluding remarks and future work - p. 432 49. Chapter 6 Active control of thermoacoustic instability - p. 443 50. 6.1: Introduction - p. 443 51. 6.2: Control approaches - p. 450 52. 6.3: Open-loop control strategies - p. 452 53. 6.4: Closed-loop control strategies - p. 455 54. 6.5: Development of transient growth controller - p. 464 55. 6.6: Practical application and challenges - p. 470 56. 6.7: Effects on combustion efficiency and emissions - p. 479 57. 6.8: Case study of feedback control of Rijke-type combustion instability - p. 481 58. 6.9: Controller performances - p. 489 59. 6.10: Sliding mode control of thermoacoustic instability - p. 493 60. 6.11: Concluding remarks and future works - p. 501 61. Appendix: x, Ψ and Φ and M involved in the Rijke tube model - p. 502 62. References - p. 503 63. Chapter 7 Passive control of combustion instabilities - p. 513 64. 7.1: Introduction - p. 513 65. 7.2: Description of combustion-excited oscillations and acoustic dampers - p. 521 66. 7.3: “Tunable” acoustic dampers - p. 530 67. 7.4: Case study 1: Perforated liners - p. 540 68. 7.5: Case study 2: Electrical heater as a damper - p. 556 69. 7.6: Discussion and conclusions - p. 573 70. Acknowledgments - p. 574 71. Appendix A: Energy balance analysis - p. 574 72. Appendix B: Correlation between pump voltage and the cooling flow velocity - p. 576 73. Appendix C: Acoustic signature of nonreacting combustor with cooling flow implemented - p. 576 74. Chapter 8 CFD studies on thermoacoustic instabilities - p. 585 75. 8.1: Introduction - p. 585 76. 8.2: URANS simulations of H2-fueled pulsating combustion oscillations - p. 587 77. 8.3: NOx emission reduction reaction of NH3–H2 with self-excited combustion oscillations - p. 611 78. 8.4: RANS studies on premixed CH4/air swirling combustion instability - p. 630 79. 8.5: LES studies on swirling combustion instabilities - p. 645 80. 8.6: Concluding remarks - p. 663 81. Appendix A: Chemical reaction mechanism - p. 664 82. Appendix B: Experimental setup - p. 666 83. Appendix C: - p. 666 84. Chapter 9 Real-time mode decomposition and proper orthogonal/dynamic mode decomposition analyses of aeroacoustics and ramjet thermoacoustic instability - p. 673 85. 9.1: Introduction - p. 673 86. 9.2: A Real-time decomposition algorithm for monitoring and controlling combustion system - p. 675 87. 9.3: Proper orthogonal decomposition studies on Rijke-type thermoacoustic instability - p. 691 88. 9.4: Dynamic mode decomposition and proper orthogonal decomposition analyses of combustion instability in a solid-fueled Ramjet combustor - p. 705 89. 9.5: Conclusions and future work - p. 733 90. References - p. 734 91. Chapter 10 Meso- and micro-scale combustion instability and flame characteristics - p. 741 92. 10.1: Introduction - p. 741 93. 10.2: Swirling tubular flame–acoustic interaction in a meso-scale premixed combustor - p. 742 94. 10.3: Combustion instability in an oxy-methane meso-combustor with a swirl tubular flame - p. 758 95. 10.4: Flame stability and combustion characteristics in a meso-scale combustor - p. 777 96. 10.5: Micro-scale planar combustor: flame structure, blowout limit and radiant efficiency - p. 798 97. 10.6: Thermal performances and NOx emission in a modeled premixed CH4/NH3 micro-planar combustor - p. 800 98. 10.7: Concluding remarks and future works - p. 817 99. Chapter 11 Ramjet combustion instability and thermodynamic performances - p. 831 100. 11.1: Introduction - p. 831 101. 11.2: Solid-fueled ramjet combustion instability - p. 832 102. 11.3: Guide vane effect on reacting flow characteristics in a ramjet combustor - p. 856 103. 11.4: Swirling effect on thermodynamic performances of a solid-fuel ramjet with paraffin-polyethylene - p. 878 104. 11.5: Concluding remarks - p. 900 105. Chapter 12 Swirling combustion: nonlinear dynamics and emissions - p. 907 106. Chapter 13 Waste thermal energy harvesting from a thermoacoustic system - p. 969 107. 13.1: Introduction - p. 969 108. 13.2: Energy harvesting from a bifurcating thermoacoustic–piezoelectric system - p. 970 109. 13.3: Standing-wave thermoacoustic–piezoelectric energy harvester - p. 986 110. 13.4: Theoretical and experimental studies on a thermoacoustic piezoelectric energy harvester - p. 1006 111. 13.5: Concluding remarks and future work - p. 1032 112. Chapter 14 Standing-wave thermoacoustic engines - p. 1039 113. Appendix - p. 1091 114. Index - p. 1093
