The devastating impacts of tsunamis have received increased focus since the Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004, the most destructive tsunami in over 400 years of recorded history. The tsunamis that occurred as a result of the earthquake in Japan in March 2011 further emphasized the need for detection, monitoring, and early-warning technologies. This professional reference is the first of its kind: it provides a globally inclusive review of the current state of tsunami detection technology and will be a much-needed resource for oceanographers and marine engineers working to upgrade and integrate their tsunami warning systems. It focuses on the two main tsunami warning systems (TWS): International and Regional. Featured are comparative assessments of detection, monitoring, and real-time reporting technologies. The challenges of detection through remote measuring stations are also addressed, as well as the historical and scientific aspects of tsunamis.
1. Chapter 1. Introduction 2. Chapter 2. Tsunami Generation and Historical Aspects 3. 2.1. Tsunamis Generated by Seaquakes 4. 2.2. Tsunamis Generated by Surface/Submarine Landslides and Rock Avalanches 5. 2.3. Tsunamis Generated by Volcanic Eruptions 6. 2.4. Tsunamis Generated by Meteorological Disturbances 7. 2.5. Tsunamis Generated by Underwater Gas Emission 8. 2.6. Tsunamis Generated by Asteroid Impacts 9. Chapter 3. Tsunami Databases 10. 3.1. The United States Tsunami Database 11. 3.2. The Russia Tsunami Databases 12. 3.3. The UNESCO Tsunami Database 13. 3.4. The Japan Tsunami Database 14. 3.5. The Greece Tsunami Database 15. Chapter 4. Geophysical Tsunami Hydrodynamics 16. 4.1. Propagation 17. 4.2. Features of Geophysical Tsunamis 18. 4.3. Influence of Midocean Ridges, Straits, and Continental Shelves 19. 4.4. Tsunamis on Islands 20. 4.5. Tsunami-Induced Seiches in Harbors 21. 4.6. Tsunamis in Inland Water Bodies 22. Chapter 5. Impact of a Tsunami on Coastal and Island Habitats 23. Chapter 6. The Protective Role of Coastal Ecosystems 24. Chapter 7. Earthquake Detection and Monitoring for Early Warnings of Seismogenic Tsunamis 25. 7.1. Earthquake Precursors 26. 7.2. Earthquake Detection Through Monitoring the Behavior of Animals, Reptiles, and Birds 27. Chapter 8. Numerical Models for Forecasting 28. Chapter 9. The Role of IOC-UNESCO in Tsunami Early Warnings 29. Chapter 10. Earthquake Monitoring for Early Tsunami Warnings 30. 10.1. Seismic Network of the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center 31. Chapter 11. Open Ocean Tsunami Detection 32. 11.1. Detection Using Seafloor Pressure Measurement 33. 11.2. Detection Using Orbiting Satellite Altimeters 34. 11.3. Detection Using Optical Devices in Satellites and Aircrafts 35. 11.4. Detection Using Orbiting Microwave Radar and Radiometers 36. Chapter 12. Land-Based Measurements of Inundation to Confirm Tsunamigenesis 37. Chapter 13. The Technology of End-to-End Communication: Sending the Message 38. Chapter 14. IOC-UNESCO Tsunami Early Warning Systems 39. 14.1. The United States Tsunami Warning System 40. 14.2. The Japan Tsunami Warning System 41. 14.3. The Russia Tsunami Warning Service 42. 14.4. The Canada Tsunami Warning System 43. 14.5. The Australia Tsunami Warning System 44. 14.6. The Puerto Rico Tsunami Warning System 45. 14.7. The Korea Tsunami Warning System 46. 14.8. The Chile Tsunami Warning System 47. 14.9. The New Zealand Tsunami Warning System 48. 14.10. India's Early-Warning System for Tsunamis and Storm Surges 49. 14.11. Malaysia's Multihazard Early Warning System 50. 14.12. The Singapore Tsunami Warning System 51. 14.13. European Union Initiative 52. 14.14. Tsunami Warning Systems Around the African Continent 53. Chapter 15. Technological Challenges In Detecting Tsunamis 54. Chapter 16. Sea-Level Measurements From Coasts and Islands 55. 16.1. Chart Datum 56. 16.2. Float-Driven Gauges 57. 16.3. Electric Step Gauges 58. 16.4. Air-Acoustic Gauges 59. 16.5. Downward-Looking Aerial Microwave Radar Gauges 60. 16.6. Subsurface Pressure Gauge Systems 61. 16.7. Radiowave Interferometry 62. 16.8. Differential Global Positioning Systems on Floating Buoys 63. 16.9. Applying a Tide Staff for Datum Control in Coastal Sea-Level Measurements 64. Chapter 17. Sea Level Measurements From Deep-Sea Regions 65. 17.1. Seafloor Pressure Sensor Capsules 66. 17.2. Satellite Radar Altimetry 67. Chapter 18. Telemetry of Sea-Level Data 68. 18.1. Submarine Cable Communication 69. 18.2. Acoustic Communication 70. 18.3. VHF/UHF Transceivers and Wired Telephone Connections 71. 18.4. Satellite Communication 72. 18.5. Cellular Modems 73. 18.6. Telemetry From Polar Regions 74. Chapter 19. Evaluating and Assessing Tsunamis Technologies for Specific Situations 75. 19.1. Optimal Ocean-Bottom Pressure Recorders 76. 19.2. Optimal Devices for Measuring Coastal Tsunamis 77. 19.3. Summary 78. Chapter 20. Extracting Tsunami Signals From Sea-Level Records 79. Chapter 21. Conclusions 80. References 81. Bibliography 82. Index
The devastating impacts of tsunamis have received increased focus since the Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004, the most destructive tsunami in over 400 years of recorded history. The tsunamis that occurred as a result of the earthquake in Japan in March 2011 further emphasized the need for detection, monitoring, and early-warning technologies. This professional reference is the first of its kind: it provides a globally inclusive review of the current state of tsunami detection technology and will be a much-needed resource for oceanographers and marine engineers working to upgrade and integrate their tsunami warning systems. It focuses on the two main tsunami warning systems (TWS): International and Regional. Featured are comparative assessments of detection, monitoring, and real-time reporting technologies. The challenges of detection through remote measuring stations are also addressed, as well as the historical and scientific aspects of tsunamis.
1. Chapter 1. Introduction 2. Chapter 2. Tsunami Generation and Historical Aspects 3. 2.1. Tsunamis Generated by Seaquakes 4. 2.2. Tsunamis Generated by Surface/Submarine Landslides and Rock Avalanches 5. 2.3. Tsunamis Generated by Volcanic Eruptions 6. 2.4. Tsunamis Generated by Meteorological Disturbances 7. 2.5. Tsunamis Generated by Underwater Gas Emission 8. 2.6. Tsunamis Generated by Asteroid Impacts 9. Chapter 3. Tsunami Databases 10. 3.1. The United States Tsunami Database 11. 3.2. The Russia Tsunami Databases 12. 3.3. The UNESCO Tsunami Database 13. 3.4. The Japan Tsunami Database 14. 3.5. The Greece Tsunami Database 15. Chapter 4. Geophysical Tsunami Hydrodynamics 16. 4.1. Propagation 17. 4.2. Features of Geophysical Tsunamis 18. 4.3. Influence of Midocean Ridges, Straits, and Continental Shelves 19. 4.4. Tsunamis on Islands 20. 4.5. Tsunami-Induced Seiches in Harbors 21. 4.6. Tsunamis in Inland Water Bodies 22. Chapter 5. Impact of a Tsunami on Coastal and Island Habitats 23. Chapter 6. The Protective Role of Coastal Ecosystems 24. Chapter 7. Earthquake Detection and Monitoring for Early Warnings of Seismogenic Tsunamis 25. 7.1. Earthquake Precursors 26. 7.2. Earthquake Detection Through Monitoring the Behavior of Animals, Reptiles, and Birds 27. Chapter 8. Numerical Models for Forecasting 28. Chapter 9. The Role of IOC-UNESCO in Tsunami Early Warnings 29. Chapter 10. Earthquake Monitoring for Early Tsunami Warnings 30. 10.1. Seismic Network of the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center 31. Chapter 11. Open Ocean Tsunami Detection 32. 11.1. Detection Using Seafloor Pressure Measurement 33. 11.2. Detection Using Orbiting Satellite Altimeters 34. 11.3. Detection Using Optical Devices in Satellites and Aircrafts 35. 11.4. Detection Using Orbiting Microwave Radar and Radiometers 36. Chapter 12. Land-Based Measurements of Inundation to Confirm Tsunamigenesis 37. Chapter 13. The Technology of End-to-End Communication: Sending the Message 38. Chapter 14. IOC-UNESCO Tsunami Early Warning Systems 39. 14.1. The United States Tsunami Warning System 40. 14.2. The Japan Tsunami Warning System 41. 14.3. The Russia Tsunami Warning Service 42. 14.4. The Canada Tsunami Warning System 43. 14.5. The Australia Tsunami Warning System 44. 14.6. The Puerto Rico Tsunami Warning System 45. 14.7. The Korea Tsunami Warning System 46. 14.8. The Chile Tsunami Warning System 47. 14.9. The New Zealand Tsunami Warning System 48. 14.10. India's Early-Warning System for Tsunamis and Storm Surges 49. 14.11. Malaysia's Multihazard Early Warning System 50. 14.12. The Singapore Tsunami Warning System 51. 14.13. European Union Initiative 52. 14.14. Tsunami Warning Systems Around the African Continent 53. Chapter 15. Technological Challenges In Detecting Tsunamis 54. Chapter 16. Sea-Level Measurements From Coasts and Islands 55. 16.1. Chart Datum 56. 16.2. Float-Driven Gauges 57. 16.3. Electric Step Gauges 58. 16.4. Air-Acoustic Gauges 59. 16.5. Downward-Looking Aerial Microwave Radar Gauges 60. 16.6. Subsurface Pressure Gauge Systems 61. 16.7. Radiowave Interferometry 62. 16.8. Differential Global Positioning Systems on Floating Buoys 63. 16.9. Applying a Tide Staff for Datum Control in Coastal Sea-Level Measurements 64. Chapter 17. Sea Level Measurements From Deep-Sea Regions 65. 17.1. Seafloor Pressure Sensor Capsules 66. 17.2. Satellite Radar Altimetry 67. Chapter 18. Telemetry of Sea-Level Data 68. 18.1. Submarine Cable Communication 69. 18.2. Acoustic Communication 70. 18.3. VHF/UHF Transceivers and Wired Telephone Connections 71. 18.4. Satellite Communication 72. 18.5. Cellular Modems 73. 18.6. Telemetry From Polar Regions 74. Chapter 19. Evaluating and Assessing Tsunamis Technologies for Specific Situations 75. 19.1. Optimal Ocean-Bottom Pressure Recorders 76. 19.2. Optimal Devices for Measuring Coastal Tsunamis 77. 19.3. Summary 78. Chapter 20. Extracting Tsunami Signals From Sea-Level Records 79. Chapter 21. Conclusions 80. References 81. Bibliography 82. Index
