1. Introduction - p. 74 2. The limbic network - p. 74 3. The neuroscience of the limbic network - p. 78 4. Clinical implications of the limbic state - p. 91 5. Common disorders with limbic network problems - p. 102 6. The “mind, body, spirit” paradigm: Insights on the limbic system from a master clinician - p. 109 7. References - p. 114 8. References - p. 115 9. 5. Psychosocial aspects of adaptation and adjustment during various phases of neurological disability - p. 115 10. Psychological adjustment - p. 115 11. We understand more about suffering than we think - p. 115 12. Awareness of psychological adjustment in the clinic, society, and culture - p. 115 13. Treatment variables in relation to therapy - p. 131 14. Role of the therapeutic environment - p. 132 15. Conceptualization of assessment and treatment - p. 134 16. Conclusion - p. 136 17. References - p. 137 18. References - p. 138 19. 6. Differential diagnosis of the patient with a neurological condition - p. 138 20. 7. Examination and evaluation of functional movement activities, body functions and structures, and participation - p. 155 21. 8. Interventions for individuals with movement limitations - p. 173 22. History of development of interventions for neurological disabilities - p. 175 23. Intervention strategies - p. 176 24. Conclusion - p. 199 25. Acknowledgment - p. 203 26. References - p. 203 27. References - p. 205 28. SECTION II. Physical Rehabilitation Management of Individuals With Neurological System Pathologies - p. 205 29. 9. Medical and developmental challenges of infants in neonatal intensive care: Management and follow-up considerations - p. 205 30. Theoretical framework - p. 206 31. Neonatal complications associated with adverse outcomes - p. 208 32. Posthemorrhagic ventricular dilatation - p. 211 33. Periventricular leukomalacia - p. 212 34. Cerebellar injury - p. 212 35. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia - p. 212 36. Sepsis - p. 213 37. Necrotizing enterocolitis - p. 213 38. Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in term and near term neonates - p. 213 39. Maternal medication - p. 215 40. Clinical management: Neonatal period - p. 217 41. Clinical management: Outpatient follow-up period - p. 237 42. Neuromotor intervention - p. 241 43. Summary - p. 243 44. Acknowledgment - p. 245 45. References - p. 245 46. References - p. 246 47. 10. Management of clinical problems of children with cerebral palsy - p. 246 48. Overview - p. 246 49. Evaluative analysis of the individual child - p. 249 50. Visual-motor assessment - p. 258 51. Posture and movement compensations - p. 259 52. Other assessment considerations - p. 260 53. Roles of the therapist - p. 260 54. Orientation to treatment strategies - p. 262 55. Research - p. 268 56. Medical influences on treatment - p. 273 57. Equipment - p. 274 58. Alternative therapies - p. 275 59. Developing a personal philosophy of treatment - p. 279 60. Involving the family - p. 279 61. Role of the therapist in indirect intervention - p. 280 62. Therapy in the community - p. 280 63. Psychosocial factors in cerebral palsy - p. 281 64. Documentation - p. 282 65. Case studies - p. 283 66. References - p. 284 67. Dedication - p. 284 68. References - p. 285 69. 11. Genetic disorders: A pediatric perspective - p. 285 70. Genomic considerations for pediatric therapists - p. 285 71. An overview: Clinical diagnosis and types of genetic disorders with representative clinical examples - p. 287 72. Body structure and function problems common to many pediatric genetic disorders - p. 298 73. Medical management and genetic counseling - p. 304 74. Integrating genetics information for practical use in pediatric clinical settings - p. 306 75. Basic knowledge and skills competence for physical and occupational therapists - p. 308 76. Service delivery for children with genetic disorders and their families - p. 308 77. Family-centered service - p. 308 78. Assessment strategies - p. 309 79. Family-driven goals and objectives - p. 315 80. General intervention principles - p. 316 81. Summary - p. 318 82. References - p. 318 83. Vocabulary - p. 319 84. References - p. 321 85. 12. Learning disabilities and developmental coordination disorder - p. 321 86. An overview of learning disabilities - p. 321 87. Learning disabilities and motor deficits or developmental coordination disorder - p. 329 88. Intervention for the child with learning disabilities and motor deficits or developmental coordination disorder - p. 337 89. Learning disabilities and developmental coordination disorder across the life-span - p. 343 90. Summary - p. 344 91. Bruininks-oseretsky test of motor proficiency, second edition (2005) - p. 345 92. Construction and reliability - p. 345 93. Movement assessment battery for children, second edition (2007) - p. 346 94. Peabody developmental motor scales, second edition (2000) - p. 346 95. Clinical observations of motor and postural skills, second edition (2000) - p. 347 96. School function assessment (1998) - p. 348 97. Beery-Buktenica developmental test of visual-motor integration, six revision (2010) - p. 349 98. Motor-free visual perception test, fourth edition - p. 350 99. Evaluation tool of children’s handwriting (1995) - p. 350 100. Minnesota handwriting assessment (MHA) - p. 350 101. The print tool - p. 351 102. References - p. 352 103. 13. Spina bifida: A neural tube defect - p. 352 104. Introduction - p. 352 105. Overview and pathogenesis - p. 352 106. Types of spina bifida - p. 354 107. Incidence, etiology, prevention, and economic impact - p. 356 108. Clinical manifestations - p. 357 109. Medical management - p. 363 110. Orthopedic management - p. 366 111. Evaluation - p. 370 112. Physical therapy management - p. 377 113. Transitions to adolescence - p. 389 114. Transition to adulthood - p. 389 115. Psychosocial adjustment to spina bifida - p. 391 116. References - p. 392 117. References - p. 393 118. 14. Traumatic spinal cord injury - p. 393 119. Spinal cord lesions - p. 393 120. Demographics - p. 393 121. Sequelae of traumatic spinal cord injury - p. 395 122. Clinical syndromes - p. 395 123. Dual diagnosis: Co-occurring brain and spinal cord injury - p. 396 124. Medical management - p. 397 125. Therapeutic rehabilitation continuum of care - p. 402 126. Examination and evaluation of body function and structure - p. 403 127. Functional examination for activity - p. 405 128. Goal setting for activity and participation skills - p. 405 129. Early rehabilitation and complication prevention - p. 411 130. Rehabilitation: Achieving functional outcomes - p. 421 131. Recovery and restoration - p. 445 132. Principles of neuroplasticity - p. 446 133. Upper-extremity restoration - p. 447 134. Health promotion and wellness - p. 447 135. Education - p. 448 136. Psychosocial issues - p. 448 137. Discharge planning - p. 450 138. Architectural modifications - p. 450 139. Community reintegration - p. 450 140. Conclusion - p. 452 141. References - p. 453 142. References - p. 454 143. 15. Neuromuscular diseases - p. 454 144. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis - p. 456 145. Guillain-Barré syndrome - p. 481 146. Chapter summary - p. 500 147. Acknowledgments - p. 500 148. References - p. 500 149. References - p. 501 150. 16. Beyond the central nervous system: Neurovascular entrapment syndromes - p. 501 151. 17. Multiple sclerosis - p. 514 152. 18. Disorders of the basal nuclei - p. 531 153. The basal nuclei - p. 531 154. Specific clinical problems arising from basal nuclei dysfunction - p. 537 155. Metabolic diseases affecting other regions of the brain - p. 556 156. Summary - p. 556 157. Acknowledgment - p. 558 158. References - p. 558 159. References - p. 559 160. 19. Cerebellar dysfunction - p. 559 161. 20. Balance dysfunction - p. 579 162. Balance - p. 579 163. Human control of balance - p. 581 164. Clinical assessment of balance - p. 586 165. Problem identification, goal setting, and treatment planning - p. 600 166. Balance retraining techniques - p. 604 167. Conclusion - p. 613 168. Acknowledgment - p. 615 169. References - p. 615 170. References - p. 617 171. 21. Vestibular dysfunction - p. 617 172. 22. Traumatic brain injury - p. 645 173. Section I—Overview of traumatic brain injury - p. 645 174. Section II—Medical management of traumatic brain injury - p. 649 175. Section III—Rehabilitation management of traumatic brain injury - p. 651 176. Section IV—Prognosis and outcomes after traumatic brain injury - p. 668 177. References - p. 674 178. Cognitive level I - p. 675 179. Cognitive level II - p. 675 180. Cognitive level III - p. 675 181. Cognitive level IV - p. 675 182. Cognitive level V - p. 676 183. Cognitive level VI - p. 676 184. Cognitive level VII - p. 684 185. Cognitive level VIII - p. 684 186. Level IX—Purposeful, appropriate: Stand-by assistance on request - p. 684 187. Level X—Purposeful, appropriate: Modified independent - p. 684 188. References - p. 684 189. 23. Concussion - p. 684 190. Introduction - p. 684 191. Examination of the acute concussion - p. 689 192. Considerations for rest and return to play/learn following SRC - p. 696 193. Prognosis and outcomes following concussion - p. 700 194. Clinical examination for persistent postconcussion symptoms - p. 702 195. Intervention - p. 722 196. References - p. 732 197. References - p. 733 198. 24. Movement dysfunction associated with hemiplegia - p. 733 199. Overview - p. 733 200. General medical assessment - p. 733 201. Physical therapy evaluation of general neurological function - p. 741 202. Evaluation of functional movement - p. 744 203. Developing a physical therapy assessment - p. 747 204. Clinical decision making and problem solving - p. 752 205. Intervention strategies for functional recovery - p. 756 206. Equipment - p. 762 207. Psychosocial aspects and adjustments - p. 765 208. Summary - p. 766 209. Objective outcome measures - p. 767 210. Assessment - p. 767 211. Functional limitation 1: Patient is unable to perform morning self-care at bedside or sitting in wheelchair in front of a sink - p. 767 212. Functional limitation 2: Patient is unable to transfer from bed to chair independently - p. 768 213. Functional limitation 3: Patient is unable to stand up from chair independently - p. 768 214. Significant impairments for functions evaluated - p. 768 215. References - p. 768 216. One-handed in a two-handed world - p. 770 217. Adaptive resources: A guide to products and services - p. 770 218. Internet links - p. 771 219. Audiovisual and literary resources - p. 771 220. References - p. 772 221. 25. Brain tumors - p. 772 222. 26. Inflammatory and infectious disorders of the brain - p. 788 223. 27. Aging, dementia, and disorders of cognition - p. 809 224. The starting point with older persons in physical or occupational therapy - p. 809 225. Paradigm for aging, the brain, and learning - p. 810 226. Framework for clinical problem solving - p. 810 227. Physiology of aging: Relevance for symptomatology and diagnosis of delirium and dementias - p. 813 228. Strategies for assessing, preventing, and minimizing distortions in information processing - p. 815 229. Environmental considerations - p. 820 230. Delirium and reversible dementia: Evaluation and treatment - p. 820 231. Irreversible dementia - p. 821 232. Strategies for treatment and care - p. 823 233. Emerging interventions and future trends on the role of rehabilitation therapists in dementia care - p. 827 234. Summary - p. 828 235. References - p. 831 236. References - p. 833 237. SECTION III. Neurological Disorders and Application Issues - p. 833 238. 28. Disorders of vision and visual-perceptual dysfunction - p. 833 239. 29. Cardiovascular and pulmonary system health in populations with neurological disorders - p. 863 240. Physiological responses to exercise - p. 863 241. Measurement of cardiopulmonary fitness - p. 865 242. Predicting maximal oxygen consumption with use of submaximal exercise tests - p. 865 243. Fitness levels in populations with neurological disorders - p. 865 244. Adaptive responses to aerobic training in populations with neurological disorders - p. 869 245. Conclusion - p. 875 246. References - p. 876 247. References - p. 878 248. 30. Pain management - p. 878 249. 31. Electrophysiological testing and electrical stimulation in neurological rehabilitation - p. 899 250. Electrophysiological testing - p. 899 251. Electrical stimulation and electromyographic biofeedback - p. 908 252. Summary - p. 920 253. Case studies - p. 920 254. References - p. 928 255. References - p. 930 256. 32. Orthotics: Evaluation, intervention, and prescription - p. 930 257. 33. Integrating health promotion and wellness into neurorehabilitation - p. 947 258. 34. Human immunodeficiency virus infection: Living with a chronic illness - p. 965 259. Identification of the clinical problem - p. 965 260. Pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus disease - p. 969 261. Medical management - p. 969 262. Systemic manifestations - p. 971 263. Pediatric human immunodeficiency virus infection - p. 985 264. Rehabilitation interventions - p. 985 265. Summary - p. 990 266. Case studies - p. 991 267. References - p. 993 268. References - p. 994 269. 35. Aging with chronic nervous system conditions and impairments - p. 994 270. Diagnoses with underlying chronic consequences - p. 995 271. Examination of individuals with chronic impairments - p. 999 272. Examination: Systems model - p. 999 273. Psychosocial considerations - p. 1006 274. Health-related disparities in aging adults with chronic disabilities - p. 1007 275. Management of chronic impairments - p. 1008 276. Health promotion - p. 1009 277. Intervention strategies - p. 1011 278. References - p. 1016 279. References - p. 1019 280. 36. Impact of drug therapy on patients receiving neurological rehabilitation - p. 1019 281. 37. Use of neuroimaging in rehabilitation - p. 1030 282. 38. Integrating technology in neurological rehabilitation - p. 1039 283. Types of robotic rehabilitation and their applications - p. 1039 284. Service robotics - p. 1042 285. Nonwearable assistive robotic devices - p. 1042 286. Wearable assistive robotic devices - p. 1042 287. Robotic system mechanisms for operation - p. 1043 288. Summary - p. 1049 289. Acknowledgments - p. 1058 290. References - p. 1058 291. References - p. 1065 292. 39. Complementary and integrative therapies: Beyond traditional approaches to intervention in neurological diseases and movement disorders - p. 1065 293. Alternative integrative models - p. 1065 294. Movement therapy approaches - p. 1066 295. Conclusion - p. 1093 296. References - p. 1094 297. References - p. 1096 298. Index - p. 1097
1. Introduction - p. 74 2. The limbic network - p. 74 3. The neuroscience of the limbic network - p. 78 4. Clinical implications of the limbic state - p. 91 5. Common disorders with limbic network problems - p. 102 6. The “mind, body, spirit” paradigm: Insights on the limbic system from a master clinician - p. 109 7. References - p. 114 8. References - p. 115 9. 5. Psychosocial aspects of adaptation and adjustment during various phases of neurological disability - p. 115 10. Psychological adjustment - p. 115 11. We understand more about suffering than we think - p. 115 12. Awareness of psychological adjustment in the clinic, society, and culture - p. 115 13. Treatment variables in relation to therapy - p. 131 14. Role of the therapeutic environment - p. 132 15. Conceptualization of assessment and treatment - p. 134 16. Conclusion - p. 136 17. References - p. 137 18. References - p. 138 19. 6. Differential diagnosis of the patient with a neurological condition - p. 138 20. 7. Examination and evaluation of functional movement activities, body functions and structures, and participation - p. 155 21. 8. Interventions for individuals with movement limitations - p. 173 22. History of development of interventions for neurological disabilities - p. 175 23. Intervention strategies - p. 176 24. Conclusion - p. 199 25. Acknowledgment - p. 203 26. References - p. 203 27. References - p. 205 28. SECTION II. Physical Rehabilitation Management of Individuals With Neurological System Pathologies - p. 205 29. 9. Medical and developmental challenges of infants in neonatal intensive care: Management and follow-up considerations - p. 205 30. Theoretical framework - p. 206 31. Neonatal complications associated with adverse outcomes - p. 208 32. Posthemorrhagic ventricular dilatation - p. 211 33. Periventricular leukomalacia - p. 212 34. Cerebellar injury - p. 212 35. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia - p. 212 36. Sepsis - p. 213 37. Necrotizing enterocolitis - p. 213 38. Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in term and near term neonates - p. 213 39. Maternal medication - p. 215 40. Clinical management: Neonatal period - p. 217 41. Clinical management: Outpatient follow-up period - p. 237 42. Neuromotor intervention - p. 241 43. Summary - p. 243 44. Acknowledgment - p. 245 45. References - p. 245 46. References - p. 246 47. 10. Management of clinical problems of children with cerebral palsy - p. 246 48. Overview - p. 246 49. Evaluative analysis of the individual child - p. 249 50. Visual-motor assessment - p. 258 51. Posture and movement compensations - p. 259 52. Other assessment considerations - p. 260 53. Roles of the therapist - p. 260 54. Orientation to treatment strategies - p. 262 55. Research - p. 268 56. Medical influences on treatment - p. 273 57. Equipment - p. 274 58. Alternative therapies - p. 275 59. Developing a personal philosophy of treatment - p. 279 60. Involving the family - p. 279 61. Role of the therapist in indirect intervention - p. 280 62. Therapy in the community - p. 280 63. Psychosocial factors in cerebral palsy - p. 281 64. Documentation - p. 282 65. Case studies - p. 283 66. References - p. 284 67. Dedication - p. 284 68. References - p. 285 69. 11. Genetic disorders: A pediatric perspective - p. 285 70. Genomic considerations for pediatric therapists - p. 285 71. An overview: Clinical diagnosis and types of genetic disorders with representative clinical examples - p. 287 72. Body structure and function problems common to many pediatric genetic disorders - p. 298 73. Medical management and genetic counseling - p. 304 74. Integrating genetics information for practical use in pediatric clinical settings - p. 306 75. Basic knowledge and skills competence for physical and occupational therapists - p. 308 76. Service delivery for children with genetic disorders and their families - p. 308 77. Family-centered service - p. 308 78. Assessment strategies - p. 309 79. Family-driven goals and objectives - p. 315 80. General intervention principles - p. 316 81. Summary - p. 318 82. References - p. 318 83. Vocabulary - p. 319 84. References - p. 321 85. 12. Learning disabilities and developmental coordination disorder - p. 321 86. An overview of learning disabilities - p. 321 87. Learning disabilities and motor deficits or developmental coordination disorder - p. 329 88. Intervention for the child with learning disabilities and motor deficits or developmental coordination disorder - p. 337 89. Learning disabilities and developmental coordination disorder across the life-span - p. 343 90. Summary - p. 344 91. Bruininks-oseretsky test of motor proficiency, second edition (2005) - p. 345 92. Construction and reliability - p. 345 93. Movement assessment battery for children, second edition (2007) - p. 346 94. Peabody developmental motor scales, second edition (2000) - p. 346 95. Clinical observations of motor and postural skills, second edition (2000) - p. 347 96. School function assessment (1998) - p. 348 97. Beery-Buktenica developmental test of visual-motor integration, six revision (2010) - p. 349 98. Motor-free visual perception test, fourth edition - p. 350 99. Evaluation tool of children’s handwriting (1995) - p. 350 100. Minnesota handwriting assessment (MHA) - p. 350 101. The print tool - p. 351 102. References - p. 352 103. 13. Spina bifida: A neural tube defect - p. 352 104. Introduction - p. 352 105. Overview and pathogenesis - p. 352 106. Types of spina bifida - p. 354 107. Incidence, etiology, prevention, and economic impact - p. 356 108. Clinical manifestations - p. 357 109. Medical management - p. 363 110. Orthopedic management - p. 366 111. Evaluation - p. 370 112. Physical therapy management - p. 377 113. Transitions to adolescence - p. 389 114. Transition to adulthood - p. 389 115. Psychosocial adjustment to spina bifida - p. 391 116. References - p. 392 117. References - p. 393 118. 14. Traumatic spinal cord injury - p. 393 119. Spinal cord lesions - p. 393 120. Demographics - p. 393 121. Sequelae of traumatic spinal cord injury - p. 395 122. Clinical syndromes - p. 395 123. Dual diagnosis: Co-occurring brain and spinal cord injury - p. 396 124. Medical management - p. 397 125. Therapeutic rehabilitation continuum of care - p. 402 126. Examination and evaluation of body function and structure - p. 403 127. Functional examination for activity - p. 405 128. Goal setting for activity and participation skills - p. 405 129. Early rehabilitation and complication prevention - p. 411 130. Rehabilitation: Achieving functional outcomes - p. 421 131. Recovery and restoration - p. 445 132. Principles of neuroplasticity - p. 446 133. Upper-extremity restoration - p. 447 134. Health promotion and wellness - p. 447 135. Education - p. 448 136. Psychosocial issues - p. 448 137. Discharge planning - p. 450 138. Architectural modifications - p. 450 139. Community reintegration - p. 450 140. Conclusion - p. 452 141. References - p. 453 142. References - p. 454 143. 15. Neuromuscular diseases - p. 454 144. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis - p. 456 145. Guillain-Barré syndrome - p. 481 146. Chapter summary - p. 500 147. Acknowledgments - p. 500 148. References - p. 500 149. References - p. 501 150. 16. Beyond the central nervous system: Neurovascular entrapment syndromes - p. 501 151. 17. Multiple sclerosis - p. 514 152. 18. Disorders of the basal nuclei - p. 531 153. The basal nuclei - p. 531 154. Specific clinical problems arising from basal nuclei dysfunction - p. 537 155. Metabolic diseases affecting other regions of the brain - p. 556 156. Summary - p. 556 157. Acknowledgment - p. 558 158. References - p. 558 159. References - p. 559 160. 19. Cerebellar dysfunction - p. 559 161. 20. Balance dysfunction - p. 579 162. Balance - p. 579 163. Human control of balance - p. 581 164. Clinical assessment of balance - p. 586 165. Problem identification, goal setting, and treatment planning - p. 600 166. Balance retraining techniques - p. 604 167. Conclusion - p. 613 168. Acknowledgment - p. 615 169. References - p. 615 170. References - p. 617 171. 21. Vestibular dysfunction - p. 617 172. 22. Traumatic brain injury - p. 645 173. Section I—Overview of traumatic brain injury - p. 645 174. Section II—Medical management of traumatic brain injury - p. 649 175. Section III—Rehabilitation management of traumatic brain injury - p. 651 176. Section IV—Prognosis and outcomes after traumatic brain injury - p. 668 177. References - p. 674 178. Cognitive level I - p. 675 179. Cognitive level II - p. 675 180. Cognitive level III - p. 675 181. Cognitive level IV - p. 675 182. Cognitive level V - p. 676 183. Cognitive level VI - p. 676 184. Cognitive level VII - p. 684 185. Cognitive level VIII - p. 684 186. Level IX—Purposeful, appropriate: Stand-by assistance on request - p. 684 187. Level X—Purposeful, appropriate: Modified independent - p. 684 188. References - p. 684 189. 23. Concussion - p. 684 190. Introduction - p. 684 191. Examination of the acute concussion - p. 689 192. Considerations for rest and return to play/learn following SRC - p. 696 193. Prognosis and outcomes following concussion - p. 700 194. Clinical examination for persistent postconcussion symptoms - p. 702 195. Intervention - p. 722 196. References - p. 732 197. References - p. 733 198. 24. Movement dysfunction associated with hemiplegia - p. 733 199. Overview - p. 733 200. General medical assessment - p. 733 201. Physical therapy evaluation of general neurological function - p. 741 202. Evaluation of functional movement - p. 744 203. Developing a physical therapy assessment - p. 747 204. Clinical decision making and problem solving - p. 752 205. Intervention strategies for functional recovery - p. 756 206. Equipment - p. 762 207. Psychosocial aspects and adjustments - p. 765 208. Summary - p. 766 209. Objective outcome measures - p. 767 210. Assessment - p. 767 211. Functional limitation 1: Patient is unable to perform morning self-care at bedside or sitting in wheelchair in front of a sink - p. 767 212. Functional limitation 2: Patient is unable to transfer from bed to chair independently - p. 768 213. Functional limitation 3: Patient is unable to stand up from chair independently - p. 768 214. Significant impairments for functions evaluated - p. 768 215. References - p. 768 216. One-handed in a two-handed world - p. 770 217. Adaptive resources: A guide to products and services - p. 770 218. Internet links - p. 771 219. Audiovisual and literary resources - p. 771 220. References - p. 772 221. 25. Brain tumors - p. 772 222. 26. Inflammatory and infectious disorders of the brain - p. 788 223. 27. Aging, dementia, and disorders of cognition - p. 809 224. The starting point with older persons in physical or occupational therapy - p. 809 225. Paradigm for aging, the brain, and learning - p. 810 226. Framework for clinical problem solving - p. 810 227. Physiology of aging: Relevance for symptomatology and diagnosis of delirium and dementias - p. 813 228. Strategies for assessing, preventing, and minimizing distortions in information processing - p. 815 229. Environmental considerations - p. 820 230. Delirium and reversible dementia: Evaluation and treatment - p. 820 231. Irreversible dementia - p. 821 232. Strategies for treatment and care - p. 823 233. Emerging interventions and future trends on the role of rehabilitation therapists in dementia care - p. 827 234. Summary - p. 828 235. References - p. 831 236. References - p. 833 237. SECTION III. Neurological Disorders and Application Issues - p. 833 238. 28. Disorders of vision and visual-perceptual dysfunction - p. 833 239. 29. Cardiovascular and pulmonary system health in populations with neurological disorders - p. 863 240. Physiological responses to exercise - p. 863 241. Measurement of cardiopulmonary fitness - p. 865 242. Predicting maximal oxygen consumption with use of submaximal exercise tests - p. 865 243. Fitness levels in populations with neurological disorders - p. 865 244. Adaptive responses to aerobic training in populations with neurological disorders - p. 869 245. Conclusion - p. 875 246. References - p. 876 247. References - p. 878 248. 30. Pain management - p. 878 249. 31. Electrophysiological testing and electrical stimulation in neurological rehabilitation - p. 899 250. Electrophysiological testing - p. 899 251. Electrical stimulation and electromyographic biofeedback - p. 908 252. Summary - p. 920 253. Case studies - p. 920 254. References - p. 928 255. References - p. 930 256. 32. Orthotics: Evaluation, intervention, and prescription - p. 930 257. 33. Integrating health promotion and wellness into neurorehabilitation - p. 947 258. 34. Human immunodeficiency virus infection: Living with a chronic illness - p. 965 259. Identification of the clinical problem - p. 965 260. Pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus disease - p. 969 261. Medical management - p. 969 262. Systemic manifestations - p. 971 263. Pediatric human immunodeficiency virus infection - p. 985 264. Rehabilitation interventions - p. 985 265. Summary - p. 990 266. Case studies - p. 991 267. References - p. 993 268. References - p. 994 269. 35. Aging with chronic nervous system conditions and impairments - p. 994 270. Diagnoses with underlying chronic consequences - p. 995 271. Examination of individuals with chronic impairments - p. 999 272. Examination: Systems model - p. 999 273. Psychosocial considerations - p. 1006 274. Health-related disparities in aging adults with chronic disabilities - p. 1007 275. Management of chronic impairments - p. 1008 276. Health promotion - p. 1009 277. Intervention strategies - p. 1011 278. References - p. 1016 279. References - p. 1019 280. 36. Impact of drug therapy on patients receiving neurological rehabilitation - p. 1019 281. 37. Use of neuroimaging in rehabilitation - p. 1030 282. 38. Integrating technology in neurological rehabilitation - p. 1039 283. Types of robotic rehabilitation and their applications - p. 1039 284. Service robotics - p. 1042 285. Nonwearable assistive robotic devices - p. 1042 286. Wearable assistive robotic devices - p. 1042 287. Robotic system mechanisms for operation - p. 1043 288. Summary - p. 1049 289. Acknowledgments - p. 1058 290. References - p. 1058 291. References - p. 1065 292. 39. Complementary and integrative therapies: Beyond traditional approaches to intervention in neurological diseases and movement disorders - p. 1065 293. Alternative integrative models - p. 1065 294. Movement therapy approaches - p. 1066 295. Conclusion - p. 1093 296. References - p. 1094 297. References - p. 1096 298. Index - p. 1097
