Understanding the Pandemic: Pathophysiology, Transmission, and Treatment of COVID-19 aims to cover all aspects of COVID-19 infection from the virus, transmission, pathogenesis, immune-inflammation response, systemic injury, organ damage and associated factors comorbidities that drive mortality. Treatment protocols and the vaccination paradigm will also be discussed.
Organized into ten sections, the book aims to provide a comprehensive examination of the impact of COVID-19. The book begins a review of coronaviruses, their structure and mechanism of action. The book goes on to discuss the immune response to the virus and its effect on various organs. It examines clinical cases based on an observations and postmortem studies. Other topics include the long-term effects of COVD-19, vaccines, and public health response.
• Discusses coronavirus, their similarities and differences in origin and transmission as well as a review of their structure and mechanisms of action1. Introduction to editors - p. xxiii 2. Preface - p. xxix 3. Section 1: Coronaviruses (SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, and MERS-CoV), structure (sequence), and mechanism of action - p. 1 4. Introduction - p. 3 5. Chapter 1 Origin, evolution, and spread of SARS-CoV-2 - p. 6 6. Chapter 2 SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in infectivity - p. 21 7. Chapter 3 Structural and functional properties of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein: Potential vaccine and drug development for COVID-19 - p. 57 8. Chapter 4 Population-specific polymorphisms and SARS-CoV-2 infectivity - p. 75 9. Chapter 5 Insights into SARS-CoV-2 structure: Approaches and action of SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitor - p. 89 10. Chapter 6 SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, and MERS-CoV: Similarities and differences in origin and transmission - p. 119 11. Section 2: Inflammation and immune response to SARS-CoV-2 - p. 135 12. Introduction - p. 137 13. Chapter 7 Characterization of the immune response with viral attack - p. 139 14. Chapter 8 Inflammation, cytokines, and COVID-19 severity - p. 153 15. Chapter 9 Immunological considerations for COVID-19: Vaccines and other protective strategies - p. 175 16. Chapter 10 Virus-specific T cell response in SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccinations - p. 191 17. Chapter 11 Inflammation and the oral and gut microbiota with COVID-19 - p. 207 18. Chapter 12 Implications of inflammation: Bone and joint health with COVID-19 - p. 219 19. Chapter 13 COVID-19 and immune dysfunction: Consequences and natural remedies for management - p. 235 20. Section 3: Pathological findings with clinical correlation - p. 265 21. Introduction - p. 267 22. Chapter 14 Postmortem examination of COVID-19 lungs - p. 269 23. Chapter 15 Histopathological analysis of the cardiovascular system in severe COVID-19 - p. 287 24. Chapter 16 Postmortem neuropathology in COVID-19 - p. 301 25. Chapter 17 Renal pathology in severe COVID-19 - p. 311 26. Section 4: The blood vessels and COVID-19: Vascular dysfunction and coagulopathies - p. 319 27. Introduction - p. 321 28. Chapter 18 Vascular manifestations of COVID-19: Endothelial dysfunction and damage - p. 323 29. Chapter 19 Immunothrombotic involvement in COVID-19 - p. 335 30. Chapter 20 COVID-19 associated coagulopathy - p. 353 31. Chapter 21 D-dimer in systemic circulation and COVID-19 outcome - p. 369 32. Chapter 22 Hypercoagulability in COVID-19 - p. 387 33. Section 5: Neuro-COVID and its long term implications - p. 409 34. Introduction - p. 411 35. Chapter 23 COVID and nervous system: Mechanisms and consequences - p. 413 36. Chapter 24 Neuroinflammation: Unraveling acute and Long COVID symptoms - p. 437 37. Chapter 25 Acute and postacute neurologic and psychiatric manifestations in COVID-19 - p. 459 38. Chapter 26 Pediatric neurological and neuropsychiatric manifestations of COVID-19 - p. 473 39. Chapter 27 COVID-19 and the peripheral nervous system - p. 481 40. Section 6: Should COVID-19 concern nephrologists? Why and to what extent? - p. 503 41. Introduction - p. 505 42. Chapter 28 Acute kidney injury with COVID-19: Mechanisms, management, and long-term outcomes - p. 507 43. Chapter 29 Models and cellular monolayers to study the effect of SARS-CoV-2 on kidney - p. 533 44. Chapter 30 Clinical implications of COVID-19 in chronic kidney disease and end-stage kidney disease - p. 543 45. Section 7: Long COVID - p. 569 46. Introduction - p. 571 47. Chapter 31 Long COVID or postacute sequelae of COVID-19: An introduction - p. 573 48. Chapter 32 Long COVID: Pathophysiological and immunological dynamics - p. 585 49. Chapter 33 Gender differences in sequelae from COVID-19 infection - p. 599 50. Chapter 34 Understanding Long COVID: Clinical insights and lessons - p. 615 51. Chapter 35 Implications of Long COVID on the global healthcare system - p. 629 52. Section 8: The vaccines - p. 641 53. Introduction - p. 643 54. Chapter 36 COVID-19: The vaccine development strategies - p. 645 55. Chapter 37 mRNA vaccines: The new frontier - p. 669 56. Chapter 38 COVID-19 vaccines: A comprehensive review of safety and efficacy - p. 685 57. Abstract - p. 685 58. Introduction - p. 685 59. Vaccinating special populations against SARS-CoV-2 - p. 730 60. Geriatric populations - p. 730 61. Heterologous vaccination - p. 749 62. Conclusion - p. 763 63. Take-home message - p. 763 64. References - p. 764 65. Section 9: Handling the spread: Public health and social measures - p. 779 66. Introduction - p. 781 67. Chapter 39 Lockdown measures during the COVID-19 pandemic - p. 783 68. Chapter 40 Efficacy of facial masks against COVID-19 - p. 793 69. Chapter 41 Vaccination policies - p. 805 70. Chapter 42 Navigating the impact of COVID-19 school closures on child health, education, and society: A call to embrace civil discourse across identities, sectors, and disciplines - p. 819 71. Chapter 43 The effect of the pandemic on the care of other health conditions - p. 835 72. Chapter 44 The role of smartphone-assisted tools for COVID-19 diagnostic, treatment, and quarantine - p. 853 73. Section 10: From the Editors’ desk - p. 865 74. Chapter 45 What have we learnt from the COVID-19 pandemic? - p. 867 75. Index - p. 893
Understanding the Pandemic: Pathophysiology, Transmission, and Treatment of COVID-19 aims to cover all aspects of COVID-19 infection from the virus, transmission, pathogenesis, immune-inflammation response, systemic injury, organ damage and associated factors comorbidities that drive mortality. Treatment protocols and the vaccination paradigm will also be discussed.
Organized into ten sections, the book aims to provide a comprehensive examination of the impact of COVID-19. The book begins a review of coronaviruses, their structure and mechanism of action. The book goes on to discuss the immune response to the virus and its effect on various organs. It examines clinical cases based on an observations and postmortem studies. Other topics include the long-term effects of COVD-19, vaccines, and public health response.
• Discusses coronavirus, their similarities and differences in origin and transmission as well as a review of their structure and mechanisms of action1. Introduction to editors - p. xxiii 2. Preface - p. xxix 3. Section 1: Coronaviruses (SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, and MERS-CoV), structure (sequence), and mechanism of action - p. 1 4. Introduction - p. 3 5. Chapter 1 Origin, evolution, and spread of SARS-CoV-2 - p. 6 6. Chapter 2 SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in infectivity - p. 21 7. Chapter 3 Structural and functional properties of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein: Potential vaccine and drug development for COVID-19 - p. 57 8. Chapter 4 Population-specific polymorphisms and SARS-CoV-2 infectivity - p. 75 9. Chapter 5 Insights into SARS-CoV-2 structure: Approaches and action of SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitor - p. 89 10. Chapter 6 SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, and MERS-CoV: Similarities and differences in origin and transmission - p. 119 11. Section 2: Inflammation and immune response to SARS-CoV-2 - p. 135 12. Introduction - p. 137 13. Chapter 7 Characterization of the immune response with viral attack - p. 139 14. Chapter 8 Inflammation, cytokines, and COVID-19 severity - p. 153 15. Chapter 9 Immunological considerations for COVID-19: Vaccines and other protective strategies - p. 175 16. Chapter 10 Virus-specific T cell response in SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccinations - p. 191 17. Chapter 11 Inflammation and the oral and gut microbiota with COVID-19 - p. 207 18. Chapter 12 Implications of inflammation: Bone and joint health with COVID-19 - p. 219 19. Chapter 13 COVID-19 and immune dysfunction: Consequences and natural remedies for management - p. 235 20. Section 3: Pathological findings with clinical correlation - p. 265 21. Introduction - p. 267 22. Chapter 14 Postmortem examination of COVID-19 lungs - p. 269 23. Chapter 15 Histopathological analysis of the cardiovascular system in severe COVID-19 - p. 287 24. Chapter 16 Postmortem neuropathology in COVID-19 - p. 301 25. Chapter 17 Renal pathology in severe COVID-19 - p. 311 26. Section 4: The blood vessels and COVID-19: Vascular dysfunction and coagulopathies - p. 319 27. Introduction - p. 321 28. Chapter 18 Vascular manifestations of COVID-19: Endothelial dysfunction and damage - p. 323 29. Chapter 19 Immunothrombotic involvement in COVID-19 - p. 335 30. Chapter 20 COVID-19 associated coagulopathy - p. 353 31. Chapter 21 D-dimer in systemic circulation and COVID-19 outcome - p. 369 32. Chapter 22 Hypercoagulability in COVID-19 - p. 387 33. Section 5: Neuro-COVID and its long term implications - p. 409 34. Introduction - p. 411 35. Chapter 23 COVID and nervous system: Mechanisms and consequences - p. 413 36. Chapter 24 Neuroinflammation: Unraveling acute and Long COVID symptoms - p. 437 37. Chapter 25 Acute and postacute neurologic and psychiatric manifestations in COVID-19 - p. 459 38. Chapter 26 Pediatric neurological and neuropsychiatric manifestations of COVID-19 - p. 473 39. Chapter 27 COVID-19 and the peripheral nervous system - p. 481 40. Section 6: Should COVID-19 concern nephrologists? Why and to what extent? - p. 503 41. Introduction - p. 505 42. Chapter 28 Acute kidney injury with COVID-19: Mechanisms, management, and long-term outcomes - p. 507 43. Chapter 29 Models and cellular monolayers to study the effect of SARS-CoV-2 on kidney - p. 533 44. Chapter 30 Clinical implications of COVID-19 in chronic kidney disease and end-stage kidney disease - p. 543 45. Section 7: Long COVID - p. 569 46. Introduction - p. 571 47. Chapter 31 Long COVID or postacute sequelae of COVID-19: An introduction - p. 573 48. Chapter 32 Long COVID: Pathophysiological and immunological dynamics - p. 585 49. Chapter 33 Gender differences in sequelae from COVID-19 infection - p. 599 50. Chapter 34 Understanding Long COVID: Clinical insights and lessons - p. 615 51. Chapter 35 Implications of Long COVID on the global healthcare system - p. 629 52. Section 8: The vaccines - p. 641 53. Introduction - p. 643 54. Chapter 36 COVID-19: The vaccine development strategies - p. 645 55. Chapter 37 mRNA vaccines: The new frontier - p. 669 56. Chapter 38 COVID-19 vaccines: A comprehensive review of safety and efficacy - p. 685 57. Abstract - p. 685 58. Introduction - p. 685 59. Vaccinating special populations against SARS-CoV-2 - p. 730 60. Geriatric populations - p. 730 61. Heterologous vaccination - p. 749 62. Conclusion - p. 763 63. Take-home message - p. 763 64. References - p. 764 65. Section 9: Handling the spread: Public health and social measures - p. 779 66. Introduction - p. 781 67. Chapter 39 Lockdown measures during the COVID-19 pandemic - p. 783 68. Chapter 40 Efficacy of facial masks against COVID-19 - p. 793 69. Chapter 41 Vaccination policies - p. 805 70. Chapter 42 Navigating the impact of COVID-19 school closures on child health, education, and society: A call to embrace civil discourse across identities, sectors, and disciplines - p. 819 71. Chapter 43 The effect of the pandemic on the care of other health conditions - p. 835 72. Chapter 44 The role of smartphone-assisted tools for COVID-19 diagnostic, treatment, and quarantine - p. 853 73. Section 10: From the Editors’ desk - p. 865 74. Chapter 45 What have we learnt from the COVID-19 pandemic? - p. 867 75. Index - p. 893
