Viral, Parasitic, Bacterial, and Fungal Infections: Antimicrobial, Host Defense, and Therapeutic Strategies highlight diverse types of infections, including viral, bacterial, parasitic, fungal, and the therapeutic efficacy of antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals and other medications, nutraceuticals, and phytotherapeutics. This book addresses the molecular, pathophysiological, and cellular pathways involved in the process of infection. It also examines the host defense mechanisms modulated by innate and adaptive immunity. The book starts off with an introduction, which includes etiology, pathophysiology, and diagnosis of infections. It then goes on to cover a wide spectrum of salient features involved in viral, bacterial, parasitic, and fungal infections and effective therapeutic strategies. In addition, there is a complete section of eight chapters elaborating the detailed aspects of COVID-19 infections, Mucormycosis, Omicron, and strategic vaccines and therapeutics. The book further goes on to discuss novel antibiotics, vaccines, bromhexine, boron compounds, phytotherapeutics, and aspects on boosting immune competence. Contributed by experts in the fields of viral, parasitic, bacterial, and fungal infections, the book comprehensively details the various types of infections such as herpes and COVID-19, their molecular mechanisms, and treatment strategies for those engaged in the research of infectious diseases.
• Details the pathophysiology of various classes of infections • Examines mechanisms of pathogenesis, immunity, and therapeutics in bacterial, viral, and eukaryotic infectious diseases • Discusses various aspects on herpes, COVID-19 infections, Mucormycosis, Omicron, vaccines, and therapeutics • Covers the salient features on zoonosis, prion disease, and diabetic foot infections • Provides therapeutic strategies of using new antibiotics, vaccines, bromhexine, boron compounds, structurally diverse phytotherapeutics, immune enhancers, and other modalities for treating infections
1. Part I: Introduction - p. xxxv 2. Chapter 1. Clinical applications of molecular diagnosis in infectious diseases - p. 4 3. Chapter 2. Airway mucus, infection, and therapeutic strategies - p. 19 4. Chapter 3. From plants to animals: A study of phytopathogenic infections - p. 29 5. Chapter 4. Epigenetic basis of infectious diseases - p. 38 6. Chapter 5. Burden of infectious diseases and strategies of prevention - p. 49 7. Chapter 6. Primary factors that determine the severity of various infections and effective nutraceutical intervention strategies - p. 68 8. Chapter 7. Infection and obesity: Two sides of the same coin - p. 73 9. Chapter 8. Infections in liver transplantation - p. 87 10. Chapter 9. An overview of antimicrobial peptides - p. 101 11. Chapter 10. Antimicrobial peptides: A possible strategy to combat ESKAPE pathogens - p. 107 12. Part II: Viral infections and therapeutics - p. 113 13. Chapter 11. A treatise on Ebola virus - p. 117 14. Chapter 12. Herpes virus and its manifestations - p. 125 15. Chapter 13. Swine flu – An overview - p. 137 16. Chapter 14. Avian influenza virus: Prevalence infection and therapy - p. 141 17. Chapter 15. Mosquito defense mechanisms against medically important arboviruses: The vector-pathogen interface - p. 151 18. Chapter 16. Influenza update - p. 161 19. Chapter 17. Measles: The road to eradication - p. 167 20. Chapter 18. A paradigm of ZIKA virus infection - p. 177 21. Chapter 19. Viral infection and its management - p. 189 22. Momordica charantia (bitter melon): Potent antiviral efficacy and significant benefits against herpes virus - p. 209 23. Part III: COVID-19, mucormycosis, omicron, and strategic therapeutics - p. 220 24. Chapter 21. An overview of COVID-19: An emerging infectious disease - p. 223 25. Chapter 22. Impacts of viral pathogenesis and vaccine immunization on the host humoral immune response in SARS-CoV-2 and associated variants of concern (VOCs) infection - p. 238 26. Chapter 23. Gut microbiome and COVID-19 - p. 264 27. Chapter 24. Human gut virome and COVID-19: Modulating the extent of infection - p. 279 28. Chapter 25. Unveiling the prevalence and impact of diabetes on COVID-19 - p. 295 29. Chapter 26. The interrelation of obesity and COVID-19 in aging - p. 303 30. Chapter 27. Mucormycosis: Prognosis and management - p. 309 31. Chapter 28. Omicron: Mystery, history, and impact on existence - p. 323 32. Part IV: Parasitic infections and therapeutics - p. 326 33. Chapter 29. Host immune responses against parasitic infection - p. 329 34. Chapter 30. Malaria: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, and therapeutics - p. 341 35. Chapter 31. Infection of the gastrointestinal tract: Giardiasis and amoebiasis - p. 365 36. Chapter 32. Epidemiology and management of neurocysticercosis: An update - p. 375 37. Chapter 33. Treatment strategies against selected common tropical parasitic diseases - p. 383 38. Chapter 34. An overview on leishmaniasis - p. 389 39. Chapter 35. Leishmaniasis: Biology, clinical diagnosis, and treatment - p. 407 40. Chapter 36. Natural products in the treatment of Leishmaniasis - p. 417 41. Immunomodulators: Progress and prospects in Leishmania infection - p. 439 42. Chapter 38. Nanoparticle-based approach toward leishmaniasis treatment - p. 452 43. Chapter 39. Management of parasitic infections - p. 467 44. Part V: Bacterial infections and therapeutics - p. 475 45. Chapter 40. Bacterial infections: Antimicrobial mechanism of action and bacterial resistance - p. 479 46. Chapter 41. Sepsis presentation and pathophysiology - p. 489 47. Chapter 42. Neonatal sepsis: Recent advances in pathophysiology and management - p. 503 48. Chapter 43. An update on tuberculosis - p. 515 49. Chapter 44. Nutritional status in tuberculosis: A comprehensive problem to be addressed - p. 525 50. Clostridium difficile infection and gut microbiota: From fundamentals to microbiota-centered strategies - p. 547 51. Chapter 46. Nanoparticle-based treatment of bacterial biofilms - p. 563 52. Chapter 47. The NET response to biofilm infections - p. 575 53. The challenge of pulmonary Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection: How to bridge research and clinical pathology - p. 591 54. Chapter 49. Pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and treatment of leprosy - p. 609 55. Chapter 50. Noncoding RNAs and their role in bacterial infections - p. 617 56. Part VI: Fungal infections and therapeutics - p. 622 57. Chapter 51. Fungal infection: An unrecognized threat - p. 625 58. Part VII: Other infections - p. 644 59. Chapter 52. Zoonosis and infectious diseases - p. 647 60. Chapter 53. Prion diseases: A rare group of neurodegenerative disorders - p. 651 61. Chapter 54. Diabetic foot infections: An overview of pathogenesis, microbiology, and management - p. 667 62. Part VIII: Therapeutic interventions and strategies - p. 671 63. Chapter 55. New antibiotics - p. 677 64. Chapter 56. Vaccines: An overview - p. 705 65. Chapter 57. Bromhexine: Into the spotlight - p. 723 66. Chapter 58. Antimicrobial (viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic) mechanisms of action of boron-containing compounds - p. 733 67. Part IX: Enhancing immune competence - p. 754 68. Chapter 59. Role of natural products in infectious diseases - p. 757 69. Chapter 60. Development of biodegradable vehicles as novel therapeutic intervention against multidrug-resistant bacteria - p. 771 70. Chapter 61. Heterocyclic compounds as antimicrobial agents - p. 784 71. Chapter 62. Potential role of healthy microbiome in metabolic syndrome and immune competence - p. 805 72. Chapter 63. Role of nutrients in combating infection - p. 815 73. Chapter 64. The relevance of electrolyzed water to infectious and chronic diseases - p. 832 74. Chapter 65. Probiotics and immunity: An overview - p. 847 75. Chapter 66. Mechanisms of gastrointestinal pathogenesis and landscape of intestinal immunity - p. 864 76. Commentary: A treatise on diverse pathogenic infections and potential therapeutics - p. 915 77. Index - p. 921
Viral, Parasitic, Bacterial, and Fungal Infections: Antimicrobial, Host Defense, and Therapeutic Strategies highlight diverse types of infections, including viral, bacterial, parasitic, fungal, and the therapeutic efficacy of antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals and other medications, nutraceuticals, and phytotherapeutics. This book addresses the molecular, pathophysiological, and cellular pathways involved in the process of infection. It also examines the host defense mechanisms modulated by innate and adaptive immunity. The book starts off with an introduction, which includes etiology, pathophysiology, and diagnosis of infections. It then goes on to cover a wide spectrum of salient features involved in viral, bacterial, parasitic, and fungal infections and effective therapeutic strategies. In addition, there is a complete section of eight chapters elaborating the detailed aspects of COVID-19 infections, Mucormycosis, Omicron, and strategic vaccines and therapeutics. The book further goes on to discuss novel antibiotics, vaccines, bromhexine, boron compounds, phytotherapeutics, and aspects on boosting immune competence. Contributed by experts in the fields of viral, parasitic, bacterial, and fungal infections, the book comprehensively details the various types of infections such as herpes and COVID-19, their molecular mechanisms, and treatment strategies for those engaged in the research of infectious diseases.
• Details the pathophysiology of various classes of infections • Examines mechanisms of pathogenesis, immunity, and therapeutics in bacterial, viral, and eukaryotic infectious diseases • Discusses various aspects on herpes, COVID-19 infections, Mucormycosis, Omicron, vaccines, and therapeutics • Covers the salient features on zoonosis, prion disease, and diabetic foot infections • Provides therapeutic strategies of using new antibiotics, vaccines, bromhexine, boron compounds, structurally diverse phytotherapeutics, immune enhancers, and other modalities for treating infections
1. Part I: Introduction - p. xxxv 2. Chapter 1. Clinical applications of molecular diagnosis in infectious diseases - p. 4 3. Chapter 2. Airway mucus, infection, and therapeutic strategies - p. 19 4. Chapter 3. From plants to animals: A study of phytopathogenic infections - p. 29 5. Chapter 4. Epigenetic basis of infectious diseases - p. 38 6. Chapter 5. Burden of infectious diseases and strategies of prevention - p. 49 7. Chapter 6. Primary factors that determine the severity of various infections and effective nutraceutical intervention strategies - p. 68 8. Chapter 7. Infection and obesity: Two sides of the same coin - p. 73 9. Chapter 8. Infections in liver transplantation - p. 87 10. Chapter 9. An overview of antimicrobial peptides - p. 101 11. Chapter 10. Antimicrobial peptides: A possible strategy to combat ESKAPE pathogens - p. 107 12. Part II: Viral infections and therapeutics - p. 113 13. Chapter 11. A treatise on Ebola virus - p. 117 14. Chapter 12. Herpes virus and its manifestations - p. 125 15. Chapter 13. Swine flu – An overview - p. 137 16. Chapter 14. Avian influenza virus: Prevalence infection and therapy - p. 141 17. Chapter 15. Mosquito defense mechanisms against medically important arboviruses: The vector-pathogen interface - p. 151 18. Chapter 16. Influenza update - p. 161 19. Chapter 17. Measles: The road to eradication - p. 167 20. Chapter 18. A paradigm of ZIKA virus infection - p. 177 21. Chapter 19. Viral infection and its management - p. 189 22. Momordica charantia (bitter melon): Potent antiviral efficacy and significant benefits against herpes virus - p. 209 23. Part III: COVID-19, mucormycosis, omicron, and strategic therapeutics - p. 220 24. Chapter 21. An overview of COVID-19: An emerging infectious disease - p. 223 25. Chapter 22. Impacts of viral pathogenesis and vaccine immunization on the host humoral immune response in SARS-CoV-2 and associated variants of concern (VOCs) infection - p. 238 26. Chapter 23. Gut microbiome and COVID-19 - p. 264 27. Chapter 24. Human gut virome and COVID-19: Modulating the extent of infection - p. 279 28. Chapter 25. Unveiling the prevalence and impact of diabetes on COVID-19 - p. 295 29. Chapter 26. The interrelation of obesity and COVID-19 in aging - p. 303 30. Chapter 27. Mucormycosis: Prognosis and management - p. 309 31. Chapter 28. Omicron: Mystery, history, and impact on existence - p. 323 32. Part IV: Parasitic infections and therapeutics - p. 326 33. Chapter 29. Host immune responses against parasitic infection - p. 329 34. Chapter 30. Malaria: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, and therapeutics - p. 341 35. Chapter 31. Infection of the gastrointestinal tract: Giardiasis and amoebiasis - p. 365 36. Chapter 32. Epidemiology and management of neurocysticercosis: An update - p. 375 37. Chapter 33. Treatment strategies against selected common tropical parasitic diseases - p. 383 38. Chapter 34. An overview on leishmaniasis - p. 389 39. Chapter 35. Leishmaniasis: Biology, clinical diagnosis, and treatment - p. 407 40. Chapter 36. Natural products in the treatment of Leishmaniasis - p. 417 41. Immunomodulators: Progress and prospects in Leishmania infection - p. 439 42. Chapter 38. Nanoparticle-based approach toward leishmaniasis treatment - p. 452 43. Chapter 39. Management of parasitic infections - p. 467 44. Part V: Bacterial infections and therapeutics - p. 475 45. Chapter 40. Bacterial infections: Antimicrobial mechanism of action and bacterial resistance - p. 479 46. Chapter 41. Sepsis presentation and pathophysiology - p. 489 47. Chapter 42. Neonatal sepsis: Recent advances in pathophysiology and management - p. 503 48. Chapter 43. An update on tuberculosis - p. 515 49. Chapter 44. Nutritional status in tuberculosis: A comprehensive problem to be addressed - p. 525 50. Clostridium difficile infection and gut microbiota: From fundamentals to microbiota-centered strategies - p. 547 51. Chapter 46. Nanoparticle-based treatment of bacterial biofilms - p. 563 52. Chapter 47. The NET response to biofilm infections - p. 575 53. The challenge of pulmonary Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection: How to bridge research and clinical pathology - p. 591 54. Chapter 49. Pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and treatment of leprosy - p. 609 55. Chapter 50. Noncoding RNAs and their role in bacterial infections - p. 617 56. Part VI: Fungal infections and therapeutics - p. 622 57. Chapter 51. Fungal infection: An unrecognized threat - p. 625 58. Part VII: Other infections - p. 644 59. Chapter 52. Zoonosis and infectious diseases - p. 647 60. Chapter 53. Prion diseases: A rare group of neurodegenerative disorders - p. 651 61. Chapter 54. Diabetic foot infections: An overview of pathogenesis, microbiology, and management - p. 667 62. Part VIII: Therapeutic interventions and strategies - p. 671 63. Chapter 55. New antibiotics - p. 677 64. Chapter 56. Vaccines: An overview - p. 705 65. Chapter 57. Bromhexine: Into the spotlight - p. 723 66. Chapter 58. Antimicrobial (viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic) mechanisms of action of boron-containing compounds - p. 733 67. Part IX: Enhancing immune competence - p. 754 68. Chapter 59. Role of natural products in infectious diseases - p. 757 69. Chapter 60. Development of biodegradable vehicles as novel therapeutic intervention against multidrug-resistant bacteria - p. 771 70. Chapter 61. Heterocyclic compounds as antimicrobial agents - p. 784 71. Chapter 62. Potential role of healthy microbiome in metabolic syndrome and immune competence - p. 805 72. Chapter 63. Role of nutrients in combating infection - p. 815 73. Chapter 64. The relevance of electrolyzed water to infectious and chronic diseases - p. 832 74. Chapter 65. Probiotics and immunity: An overview - p. 847 75. Chapter 66. Mechanisms of gastrointestinal pathogenesis and landscape of intestinal immunity - p. 864 76. Commentary: A treatise on diverse pathogenic infections and potential therapeutics - p. 915 77. Index - p. 921
