A&P may be complicated, but learning it doesn't have to be! Anatomy & Physiology, 11th Edition uses a clear, easy-to-read approach to tell the story of the human body’s structure and function. Color-coded illustrations, case studies, and Clear View of the Human Body transparencies help you see the "Big Picture" of A&P. To jump-start learning, each unit begins by reviewing what you have already learned and previewing what you are about to learn. Short chapters simplify concepts with bite-size chunks of information.
1. 8. The structure presents a bilayer of small spherical lipids with tails facing inward and heads outward. Large and small proteins of varied shapes are embedded within or spanning across the bilayer. Several proteins attach to thin, chain-like carbohydrate structures that extend outward. Some proteins appear as large clusters with globular ends, while others are elongated. Below the bilayer, fibrous strands run across, while above it, branching carbohydrate chains and thread-like structures extend into the space. Introduction to tissues - p. 137 2. 9. The microscopic illustration of striated involuntary muscle tissue depicts several elongated fiber units that branch and reconnect at various angles. Each individual fiber contains a single oval body positioned in its central region. Numerous fine vertical lines create a repeating striated pattern across the entire length of the fibers. Distinct thick zigzag lines appear at the junctions where the branched fibers meet. Some fibers contain small clusters of circular dots located near the ends of the branching points. The fibers are arranged in a nearly parallel orientation but maintain frequent intersections that form a continuous network. Tissue types - p. 155 3. UNIT 2: Support and Movement - p. 179 4. 10. The cross-sectional anatomical illustration shows detailed skin structure divided into two connected sections. The left section displays an intact epidermal surface with stratified layers and underlying tissue structures. The right section presents a magnified view showing a hair follicle and associated structures. Both sections demonstrate the epidermis (outer layer with rippled surface texture), dermis (middle layer with varied texture), and deeper subcutaneous tissue (bottom layer with cellular pattern). Various structural elements are visible, including hair shafts penetrating through layers, sebaceous glands adjacent to follicles, and vascular networks throughout the dermis. Small ducts and glandular structures are depicted within the dermal layer. The illustration employs varying textures and patterns to differentiate tissue types, with contrasting light and dark areas highlighting structural boundaries. Both sections maintain consistent anatomical proportioning while emphasizing different structural aspects of integumentary anatomy. Skin - p. 180 5. 11. Skeletal tissues - p. 209 6. 12. Axial skeleton - p. 233 7. 13. Appendicular skeleton - p. 264 8. 14. Articulations - p. 283 9. 15. Axial muscles - p. 313 10. 16. Appendicular muscles - p. 337 11. 17. The diagram of a skeletal muscle fiber includes the sarcolemma, which is the plasma membrane, the nucleus shown as an oval along the outer edge, and the sarcoplasm, which is the cytoplasm of the muscle cell. Multiple cylindrical myofibrils made up of bunches of tiny cylindrical units are evident inside the fiber, each made up of repeating sarcomeres marked by alternatively shaded bands for thick and thin filaments. T tubules extend inward from the sarcolemma around the myofibrils. Surrounding the myofibrils is the sarcoplasmic reticulum, shown as tubular structures with multiple branches spreading all over the myofibril. A triad is formed by a T tubule flanked by two terminal sacs of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Mitochondria are scattered throughout the fiber, and a satellite cell is located along the outer edge. Muscle contraction - p. 361 12. UNIT 3: Communication, Control, and Integration - p. 393 13. 18. Nervous system cells - p. 394 14. 19. Nerve signaling - p. 414 15. 20. Central nervous system - p. 438 16. 21. Peripheral nervous system - p. 481 17. 22. The diagram depicts a biological process in the nervous system at a synaptic gap between two neurons. At the top of the diagram, the bulbous end of a presynaptic neuron contains several circular vesicles and spherical neurotransmitters. One vesicle is fused with the cell membrane, releasing a neurotransmitter into the open space known as the synaptic cleft. Numerous small dots, representing smaller molecules or ions, are scattered throughout both the interior of the neurons and the synaptic cleft. At the bottom of the diagram, the surface of a postsynaptic neuron is displayed with a receptor protein embedded in its membrane, positioned to receive the incoming neurotransmitter. Autonomic nervous system - p. 505 18. 23. The anatomical cross-section of the skin highlights the complex structures within the dermis and epidermis layers. A prominent hair follicle is displayed with its root attached to and blood vessels at the base, and several thin hairs emerge through the skin surface. Various sensory structures are distributed throughout the dermal layer, including an oval-shaped Pacinian corpuscle, a rounded Meissner corpuscle, and a sebaceous gland attached to the hair. Nerve fibers branch upward toward the wavy boundary of the epidermis, and a coiled sweat gland is on the right side of the frame, all resting above a bottom layer of subcutaneous fat. General senses - p. 522 19. 24. The anatomical illustration exhibits a cross section of the human ear anatomy. The outer ear is presented on the left side, featuring the depicted auricle and ear canal. The middle ear cavity is shown with the tympanic membrane eardrum at its entrance. The inner ear displays intricate structures, including the cochlea spiral shaped structure and semicircular canals that form the vestibular system. The illustration reveals the detailed internal anatomy with depicted cellular structures in the surrounding bone tissue. Special senses - p. 534 20. 25. The illustration depicts cell membrane signaling pathway exhibits phospholipid bilayer membrane at top with embedded receptor proteins. A ligand binds to receptor, triggering signal transduction. Below membrane, sequential activation cascades through various molecular intermediaries depicted with arrows. Small spherical molecule activates rectangular protein, causing a reaction that activates oval proteins and ultimately rectangular effectors at the bottom. Arrows indicate directional signal flow throughout the pathway. Endocrine regulation - p. 565 21. 26. The anatomical illustration depicts the kidney's nephron structure and filtration pathway. Upper portion presents two branches with expanded ends representing glomeruli. A reddish tubular network forms the proximal convoluted tubule. Below, this connects to a more extensive bluish tubular network representing the distal tubules and collecting system. Small dots in light darker shade trace the filtration pathway throughout the system. The tubules interface with honeycomb-shaped tissue representing kidney parenchyma. Endocrine glands - p. 583 22. UNIT 4: Transportation and Defense - p. 615 23. 27. The medical illustration presents a cross section of an artery with a significant plaque buildup along the vessel wall. The artery is depicted as a tubular structure with the inner lumen narrowed by accumulated fibrous material. A network of tangled fibrin strands mixed with cellular debris forms the plaque deposit on the right side of the vessel wall. Several darker shade blood cells are in the narrowed passageway, with their distinctive biconcave disc shape clearly depicted. Blood - p. 616 24. 28. Heart - p. 644 25. 29. The anatomical illustration shows the carotid artery system and its branches throughout the human skull and cervical spine. The main carotid artery extends upward from the clavicle region, running alongside the cervical vertebrae before branching extensively throughout the skull. Numerous smaller arterial branches spread across the facial bones, jaw, and cranium. The illustration includes visible teeth in the jaw and detailed cervical vertebrae. The vascular system is depicted with contrasting lines against the skeletal anatomy, involving how blood vessels navigate through and around bony structures. Blood vessels - p. 673 26. 30. Circulation of blood - p. 707 27. 31. Lymphatic system - p. 736 28. 32. Innate immunity - p. 757 29. 33. The diagram shows two simplified cellular forms placed side by side. On the left, an elongated bacterial-shaped cell contains several clustered internal structures and is surrounded by numerous small particles dispersed around it. On the right, a larger irregularly shaped immune cell is shown with an expanded internal region and outward extending projections, with small particles positioned near its surface. The immune cell appears oriented toward the bacterial cell, and the particles are distributed between and around both cells. Adaptive immunity - p. 770 30. 34. Stress - p. 794 31. UNIT 5: Respiration, Nutrition, and Excretion - p. 811 32. 35. An illustration of pulmonary alveolar structure presents an airway branch on the left that extends toward clustered alveoli on the right. The airway divides into smaller passages that lead directly into groups of rounded alveolar sacs. Surrounding the alveoli is an extensive network of branching blood vessels that closely follow the contours of each air sac. The vascular network includes larger vessels that subdivide into smaller branches as they approach the alveoli. The alveoli form multiple grape-like clusters, with some clusters positioned in the foreground and others placed behind to indicate depth. Respiratory tract - p. 812 33. 36. The anatomical diagram shows a side profile of the human respiratory system. The thoracic cavity displays skeletal structures, including ribs and the shoulder girdle. Dark muscle fibers represent the diaphragm with directional darker shade arrows showing its downward contraction movement. Additional arrows indicate the expansion of the chest cavity. Ventilation - p. 836 34. 37. The diagram of gas exchange and transport presents an alveolus positioned at the center with blood vessels arranged above and below. The alveolus has a rounded sac shape with small circular particles distributed within its interior. Above the alveolus, a vessel segment aligns horizontally with arrows that indicate movement of gases along the vessel lumen. Below the alveolus, another vessel segment contains multiple red blood cells arranged in sequence. Small square markers within the red blood cells represent bound gas molecules, and small circular particles appear within the vessel plasma. Arrows extend from the alveolus toward the lower vessel to indicate movement of gas into the blood, while arrows extend from the blood toward the alveolus to indicate movement of gas into the air space. Additional arrows at the ends of the vessels indicate the direction of blood flow through the capillary network. Gas exchange and transport - p. 860 35. 38. Upper digestive tract - p. 873 36. 39. Lower digestive tract - p. 895 37. 40. Digestion and absorption - p. 914 38. 41. The diagram shows a rotary enzyme complex embedded in a lipid bilayer membrane with a central channel through which small particles move. A membrane ring connects to a central stalk that extends to a multi-subunit catalytic head on one side of the membrane. An inset organelle with folded inner membranes indicates mitochondrial location of the complex. Nutrition and metabolism - p. 942 39. 42. The sectional view shows a kidney with an outer cortex and an inner medulla arranged into multiple triangular renal pyramids. Each pyramid points toward the renal pelvis, which collects urine and continues as the ureter. Branching blood vessels enter at the hilum, divide within the kidney, and surround the pyramids and cortex, demonstrating the internal structure and flow pathways. Urinary system - p. 980 40. 43. The anatomical diagram shows a cross-section of a blood vessel with a curved tubular structure. Inside and surrounding the vessel are numerous small circular particles depicted in two distinct sizes - smaller dot-like particles and larger spherical particles. Some particles appear inside the vessel lumen while others are shown passing through the vessel wall. A thin tubular structure, representing a capillary or smaller vessel, intersects with the main vessel. The illustration demonstrates how particles in the bloodstream interact with vessel walls, showing both retention within the vessel and transmigration through the vessel wall. Fluid and electrolyte balance - p. 1013 41. 44. The anatomical illustration shows a cross section of a blood vessel with surrounding tissue. On the left side, several polygonal cells with central nuclei form the vessel wall structure. A curved blood vessel appears in the center right portion, containing a single biconcave shaped darker shade blood cell. The vessel has distinct wall layers with a lighter inner lining and darker outer boundary. The surrounding tissue cells show varied shapes and textures, creating a detailed view of circulatory microanatomy. Acid-base balance - p. 1033 42. UNIT 6: Reproduction and Development - p. 1053 43. 45. Male reproductive system - p. 1054 44. 46. The diagram shows a cross-section of an ovary with multiple stages of follicular development. At the bottom right, small primordial follicles are scattered within the ovarian tissue. Moving toward the left, follicles increase in size as they mature into primary and secondary follicles. A large, mature Graafian follicle containing a clear fluid-filled antrum and a central oocyte is located at the far left. At the top left, a ruptured follicle is shown expelling an oocyte surrounded by small cells into the extraovarian space. To the right of the rupture site, a large, folded, glandular structure represents a developing corpus luteum. Further to the right, a mature, fully formed corpus luteum is followed by a smaller, regressing corpus luteum. In the center of the ovary, several wavy red and blue blood vessels provide a vascular supply to the developing tissues. Female reproductive system - p. 1073 45. 47. The illustration shows fetal development stages arranged in a row from left to right in increasing size. The sequence begins with tiny embryos on the left, progressing through early fetal forms with developing limbs and features. Each subsequent figure shows more advanced development, with the rightmost figure depicting a full-term fetus in the characteristic curled position. The figures are drawn in a simple, anatomical style showing physical development milestones from early pregnancy through full term. Growth, development, and aging - p. 1106 46. 48. The diagram shows a D N A double helix with two intertwined strands that form a spiral structure. Each strand connects through paired nitrogenous bases, including adenine with thymine and guanine with cytosine. The base pairs align between the two strands at regular intervals. One end of the D N A shows a tightly coiled form, and the structure gradually extends into a wider helical arrangement along its length. Genetics and heredity - p. 1141 47. Glossary of Anatomy & Physiology - p. 1165 48. Index - p. 1221 49. Clear view of the human body The medical illustration shows two anatomical views of the human body side by side. The left figure presents a frontal view with a partially skeletal head, revealing internal organs including lungs (darker shade), liver (darker region), and intestinal tract. The right figure shows a side profile with visible brain structure, respiratory system, and digestive organs. Both figures display the muscular system, skeletal components of hands and feet, and major blood vessels highlighted in varying tones. The diagrams demonstrate the relationship between major organ systems within the human torso. - p. 1239 50. Tips and shortcuts for surviving and succeeding in A&P - p. CV15 51. Connect it! - p. CV15
A&P may be complicated, but learning it doesn't have to be! Anatomy & Physiology, 11th Edition uses a clear, easy-to-read approach to tell the story of the human body’s structure and function. Color-coded illustrations, case studies, and Clear View of the Human Body transparencies help you see the "Big Picture" of A&P. To jump-start learning, each unit begins by reviewing what you have already learned and previewing what you are about to learn. Short chapters simplify concepts with bite-size chunks of information.
1. 8. The structure presents a bilayer of small spherical lipids with tails facing inward and heads outward. Large and small proteins of varied shapes are embedded within or spanning across the bilayer. Several proteins attach to thin, chain-like carbohydrate structures that extend outward. Some proteins appear as large clusters with globular ends, while others are elongated. Below the bilayer, fibrous strands run across, while above it, branching carbohydrate chains and thread-like structures extend into the space. Introduction to tissues - p. 137 2. 9. The microscopic illustration of striated involuntary muscle tissue depicts several elongated fiber units that branch and reconnect at various angles. Each individual fiber contains a single oval body positioned in its central region. Numerous fine vertical lines create a repeating striated pattern across the entire length of the fibers. Distinct thick zigzag lines appear at the junctions where the branched fibers meet. Some fibers contain small clusters of circular dots located near the ends of the branching points. The fibers are arranged in a nearly parallel orientation but maintain frequent intersections that form a continuous network. Tissue types - p. 155 3. UNIT 2: Support and Movement - p. 179 4. 10. The cross-sectional anatomical illustration shows detailed skin structure divided into two connected sections. The left section displays an intact epidermal surface with stratified layers and underlying tissue structures. The right section presents a magnified view showing a hair follicle and associated structures. Both sections demonstrate the epidermis (outer layer with rippled surface texture), dermis (middle layer with varied texture), and deeper subcutaneous tissue (bottom layer with cellular pattern). Various structural elements are visible, including hair shafts penetrating through layers, sebaceous glands adjacent to follicles, and vascular networks throughout the dermis. Small ducts and glandular structures are depicted within the dermal layer. The illustration employs varying textures and patterns to differentiate tissue types, with contrasting light and dark areas highlighting structural boundaries. Both sections maintain consistent anatomical proportioning while emphasizing different structural aspects of integumentary anatomy. Skin - p. 180 5. 11. Skeletal tissues - p. 209 6. 12. Axial skeleton - p. 233 7. 13. Appendicular skeleton - p. 264 8. 14. Articulations - p. 283 9. 15. Axial muscles - p. 313 10. 16. Appendicular muscles - p. 337 11. 17. The diagram of a skeletal muscle fiber includes the sarcolemma, which is the plasma membrane, the nucleus shown as an oval along the outer edge, and the sarcoplasm, which is the cytoplasm of the muscle cell. Multiple cylindrical myofibrils made up of bunches of tiny cylindrical units are evident inside the fiber, each made up of repeating sarcomeres marked by alternatively shaded bands for thick and thin filaments. T tubules extend inward from the sarcolemma around the myofibrils. Surrounding the myofibrils is the sarcoplasmic reticulum, shown as tubular structures with multiple branches spreading all over the myofibril. A triad is formed by a T tubule flanked by two terminal sacs of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Mitochondria are scattered throughout the fiber, and a satellite cell is located along the outer edge. Muscle contraction - p. 361 12. UNIT 3: Communication, Control, and Integration - p. 393 13. 18. Nervous system cells - p. 394 14. 19. Nerve signaling - p. 414 15. 20. Central nervous system - p. 438 16. 21. Peripheral nervous system - p. 481 17. 22. The diagram depicts a biological process in the nervous system at a synaptic gap between two neurons. At the top of the diagram, the bulbous end of a presynaptic neuron contains several circular vesicles and spherical neurotransmitters. One vesicle is fused with the cell membrane, releasing a neurotransmitter into the open space known as the synaptic cleft. Numerous small dots, representing smaller molecules or ions, are scattered throughout both the interior of the neurons and the synaptic cleft. At the bottom of the diagram, the surface of a postsynaptic neuron is displayed with a receptor protein embedded in its membrane, positioned to receive the incoming neurotransmitter. Autonomic nervous system - p. 505 18. 23. The anatomical cross-section of the skin highlights the complex structures within the dermis and epidermis layers. A prominent hair follicle is displayed with its root attached to and blood vessels at the base, and several thin hairs emerge through the skin surface. Various sensory structures are distributed throughout the dermal layer, including an oval-shaped Pacinian corpuscle, a rounded Meissner corpuscle, and a sebaceous gland attached to the hair. Nerve fibers branch upward toward the wavy boundary of the epidermis, and a coiled sweat gland is on the right side of the frame, all resting above a bottom layer of subcutaneous fat. General senses - p. 522 19. 24. The anatomical illustration exhibits a cross section of the human ear anatomy. The outer ear is presented on the left side, featuring the depicted auricle and ear canal. The middle ear cavity is shown with the tympanic membrane eardrum at its entrance. The inner ear displays intricate structures, including the cochlea spiral shaped structure and semicircular canals that form the vestibular system. The illustration reveals the detailed internal anatomy with depicted cellular structures in the surrounding bone tissue. Special senses - p. 534 20. 25. The illustration depicts cell membrane signaling pathway exhibits phospholipid bilayer membrane at top with embedded receptor proteins. A ligand binds to receptor, triggering signal transduction. Below membrane, sequential activation cascades through various molecular intermediaries depicted with arrows. Small spherical molecule activates rectangular protein, causing a reaction that activates oval proteins and ultimately rectangular effectors at the bottom. Arrows indicate directional signal flow throughout the pathway. Endocrine regulation - p. 565 21. 26. The anatomical illustration depicts the kidney's nephron structure and filtration pathway. Upper portion presents two branches with expanded ends representing glomeruli. A reddish tubular network forms the proximal convoluted tubule. Below, this connects to a more extensive bluish tubular network representing the distal tubules and collecting system. Small dots in light darker shade trace the filtration pathway throughout the system. The tubules interface with honeycomb-shaped tissue representing kidney parenchyma. Endocrine glands - p. 583 22. UNIT 4: Transportation and Defense - p. 615 23. 27. The medical illustration presents a cross section of an artery with a significant plaque buildup along the vessel wall. The artery is depicted as a tubular structure with the inner lumen narrowed by accumulated fibrous material. A network of tangled fibrin strands mixed with cellular debris forms the plaque deposit on the right side of the vessel wall. Several darker shade blood cells are in the narrowed passageway, with their distinctive biconcave disc shape clearly depicted. Blood - p. 616 24. 28. Heart - p. 644 25. 29. The anatomical illustration shows the carotid artery system and its branches throughout the human skull and cervical spine. The main carotid artery extends upward from the clavicle region, running alongside the cervical vertebrae before branching extensively throughout the skull. Numerous smaller arterial branches spread across the facial bones, jaw, and cranium. The illustration includes visible teeth in the jaw and detailed cervical vertebrae. The vascular system is depicted with contrasting lines against the skeletal anatomy, involving how blood vessels navigate through and around bony structures. Blood vessels - p. 673 26. 30. Circulation of blood - p. 707 27. 31. Lymphatic system - p. 736 28. 32. Innate immunity - p. 757 29. 33. The diagram shows two simplified cellular forms placed side by side. On the left, an elongated bacterial-shaped cell contains several clustered internal structures and is surrounded by numerous small particles dispersed around it. On the right, a larger irregularly shaped immune cell is shown with an expanded internal region and outward extending projections, with small particles positioned near its surface. The immune cell appears oriented toward the bacterial cell, and the particles are distributed between and around both cells. Adaptive immunity - p. 770 30. 34. Stress - p. 794 31. UNIT 5: Respiration, Nutrition, and Excretion - p. 811 32. 35. An illustration of pulmonary alveolar structure presents an airway branch on the left that extends toward clustered alveoli on the right. The airway divides into smaller passages that lead directly into groups of rounded alveolar sacs. Surrounding the alveoli is an extensive network of branching blood vessels that closely follow the contours of each air sac. The vascular network includes larger vessels that subdivide into smaller branches as they approach the alveoli. The alveoli form multiple grape-like clusters, with some clusters positioned in the foreground and others placed behind to indicate depth. Respiratory tract - p. 812 33. 36. The anatomical diagram shows a side profile of the human respiratory system. The thoracic cavity displays skeletal structures, including ribs and the shoulder girdle. Dark muscle fibers represent the diaphragm with directional darker shade arrows showing its downward contraction movement. Additional arrows indicate the expansion of the chest cavity. Ventilation - p. 836 34. 37. The diagram of gas exchange and transport presents an alveolus positioned at the center with blood vessels arranged above and below. The alveolus has a rounded sac shape with small circular particles distributed within its interior. Above the alveolus, a vessel segment aligns horizontally with arrows that indicate movement of gases along the vessel lumen. Below the alveolus, another vessel segment contains multiple red blood cells arranged in sequence. Small square markers within the red blood cells represent bound gas molecules, and small circular particles appear within the vessel plasma. Arrows extend from the alveolus toward the lower vessel to indicate movement of gas into the blood, while arrows extend from the blood toward the alveolus to indicate movement of gas into the air space. Additional arrows at the ends of the vessels indicate the direction of blood flow through the capillary network. Gas exchange and transport - p. 860 35. 38. Upper digestive tract - p. 873 36. 39. Lower digestive tract - p. 895 37. 40. Digestion and absorption - p. 914 38. 41. The diagram shows a rotary enzyme complex embedded in a lipid bilayer membrane with a central channel through which small particles move. A membrane ring connects to a central stalk that extends to a multi-subunit catalytic head on one side of the membrane. An inset organelle with folded inner membranes indicates mitochondrial location of the complex. Nutrition and metabolism - p. 942 39. 42. The sectional view shows a kidney with an outer cortex and an inner medulla arranged into multiple triangular renal pyramids. Each pyramid points toward the renal pelvis, which collects urine and continues as the ureter. Branching blood vessels enter at the hilum, divide within the kidney, and surround the pyramids and cortex, demonstrating the internal structure and flow pathways. Urinary system - p. 980 40. 43. The anatomical diagram shows a cross-section of a blood vessel with a curved tubular structure. Inside and surrounding the vessel are numerous small circular particles depicted in two distinct sizes - smaller dot-like particles and larger spherical particles. Some particles appear inside the vessel lumen while others are shown passing through the vessel wall. A thin tubular structure, representing a capillary or smaller vessel, intersects with the main vessel. The illustration demonstrates how particles in the bloodstream interact with vessel walls, showing both retention within the vessel and transmigration through the vessel wall. Fluid and electrolyte balance - p. 1013 41. 44. The anatomical illustration shows a cross section of a blood vessel with surrounding tissue. On the left side, several polygonal cells with central nuclei form the vessel wall structure. A curved blood vessel appears in the center right portion, containing a single biconcave shaped darker shade blood cell. The vessel has distinct wall layers with a lighter inner lining and darker outer boundary. The surrounding tissue cells show varied shapes and textures, creating a detailed view of circulatory microanatomy. Acid-base balance - p. 1033 42. UNIT 6: Reproduction and Development - p. 1053 43. 45. Male reproductive system - p. 1054 44. 46. The diagram shows a cross-section of an ovary with multiple stages of follicular development. At the bottom right, small primordial follicles are scattered within the ovarian tissue. Moving toward the left, follicles increase in size as they mature into primary and secondary follicles. A large, mature Graafian follicle containing a clear fluid-filled antrum and a central oocyte is located at the far left. At the top left, a ruptured follicle is shown expelling an oocyte surrounded by small cells into the extraovarian space. To the right of the rupture site, a large, folded, glandular structure represents a developing corpus luteum. Further to the right, a mature, fully formed corpus luteum is followed by a smaller, regressing corpus luteum. In the center of the ovary, several wavy red and blue blood vessels provide a vascular supply to the developing tissues. Female reproductive system - p. 1073 45. 47. The illustration shows fetal development stages arranged in a row from left to right in increasing size. The sequence begins with tiny embryos on the left, progressing through early fetal forms with developing limbs and features. Each subsequent figure shows more advanced development, with the rightmost figure depicting a full-term fetus in the characteristic curled position. The figures are drawn in a simple, anatomical style showing physical development milestones from early pregnancy through full term. Growth, development, and aging - p. 1106 46. 48. The diagram shows a D N A double helix with two intertwined strands that form a spiral structure. Each strand connects through paired nitrogenous bases, including adenine with thymine and guanine with cytosine. The base pairs align between the two strands at regular intervals. One end of the D N A shows a tightly coiled form, and the structure gradually extends into a wider helical arrangement along its length. Genetics and heredity - p. 1141 47. Glossary of Anatomy & Physiology - p. 1165 48. Index - p. 1221 49. Clear view of the human body The medical illustration shows two anatomical views of the human body side by side. The left figure presents a frontal view with a partially skeletal head, revealing internal organs including lungs (darker shade), liver (darker region), and intestinal tract. The right figure shows a side profile with visible brain structure, respiratory system, and digestive organs. Both figures display the muscular system, skeletal components of hands and feet, and major blood vessels highlighted in varying tones. The diagrams demonstrate the relationship between major organ systems within the human torso. - p. 1239 50. Tips and shortcuts for surviving and succeeding in A&P - p. CV15 51. Connect it! - p. CV15
