Appetite Interrupted: The Role of Predators in Shaping the Behavioral Ecology and Physiology of Satiety examines the mechanisms that suppress feeding in vertebrate animals within the physiological and ecological contexts that drove their evolution. It emphasizes the role of predation as a selective pressure, noting that the adaptive significance of these inhibitory mechanisms may help identify novel neuroendocrine pathways in future research. Written by a leading expert in the field, this book systematically explores behavioral ecology, evolutionary pressures, physiological processes, and stressors that impact foraging and feeding behaviors in vertebrates. Early chapters address why animals stop eating, reviewing the selective pressures that drive the evolution of both slow and rapid mechanisms for suppressing hunger and appetite. Central chapters delve into the physiological controls that have evolved to inhibit feeding, including the immense impacts of stress, anxiety, and fear on food intake. The book concludes with an examination of these pathways in humans and the evolution of obesity. While Appetite Interrupted comparatively approaches the mechanisms controlling food intake, predation, and hunger from an ecological perspective, its coverage of disordered satiety translates to practical and clinical applications of human nutrition. It is therefore an indispensable resource for students, researchers, and industry professionals across broad animal science and healthcare fields.
1. Chapter 1. Introduction - p. 1 2. Chapter 2. The ecology of eating - p. 37 3. 2.1 Optimal foraging - p. 37 4. 2.2 Nutritional ecology - p. 77 5. 2.3 The neuroscience underlying foraging decisions - p. 80 6. 2.4 Case studies - p. 84 7. 2.5 Chapter summary - p. 89 8. Chapter 3. Is predation the cost for being fat? - p. 113 9. 3.1 The foraging-predator avoidance trade-off explained - p. 113 10. 3.2 Predator effects on foraging behavior - p. 116 11. 3.3 Predator effects on body mass and fat deposition - p. 137 12. 3.4 Predator effects on energetics and metabolism - p. 143 13. 3.5 Is predation a cost of growing too quickly? - p. 145 14. 3.6 Predation as an evolutionary selection pressure in body mass regulation - p. 147 15. 3.7 Case studies - p. 148 16. 3.8 Chapter summary - p. 154 17. Chapter 4. Slow mechanisms for inhibiting eating: Appetite, satiety, and their control - p. 179 18. 4.1 What motivates animals to eat? - p. 179 19. 4.2 Mechanisms within the central nervous system that inhibit eating - p. 183 20. 4.3 Mechanisms outside the central nervous system that inhibit eating - p. 209 21. 4.4 An ecological context for slow mechanisms that inhibit eating - p. 230 22. 4.5 The evolution of mechanisms inhibiting eating - p. 232 23. 4.6 Case studies: The importance of satiety in a dangerous world - p. 244 24. 4.7 Chapter summary - p. 246 25. Chapter 5. Rapid mechanisms for inhibiting eating: Worms, antiworms, and lasers, oh my! - p. 291 26. 5.1 The predation risk allocation hypothesis: Rapid anti-predator decisions - p. 291 27. 5.2 Neuroethology and innate and learned detection of predator features - p. 294 28. 5.3 The optic tectum and superior colliculus: The brain's decision center for rapid ‘feed or flee’ responses - p. 325 29. 5.4 Other brain circuits that rapidly suppress feeding in response to a threat - p. 333 30. 5.5 Making sense of brain circuits that suppress feeding (and sometimes do a bunch of other stuff) - p. 340 31. 5.6 An ecological context for fast mechanisms that inhibit eating - p. 345 32. 5.7 Case studies: Rapid foraging/predator-avoidance decisions - p. 348 33. 5.8 Chapter summary - p. 351 34. Chapter 6. How stress, anxiety, and fear affect eating - p. 381 35. 6.1 The neuroendocrine stress axis and its rhythmic activity - p. 382 36. 6.2 The response of the HPA axis to predators and predator cues - p. 401 37. 6.3 How is stress different than anxiety or fear? - p. 409 38. 6.4 Stress axis hormones and eating - p. 412 39. 6.5 Glucocorticoids, CRF and the motivation to eat - p. 428 40. 6.6 Orexins, stress, and eating - p. 431 41. 6.7 Case studies: The ecology of fear? HPA axis responses to predators in wildlife - p. 432 42. 6.8 Chapter summary - p. 436 43. Chapter 7. Predators and the evolution of obesity in humans - p. 467 44. 7.1 When humans were hunted - p. 467 45. 7.2 Innate recognition of predators in humans: Why do some of us hate snakes so much? - p. 485 46. 7.3 Thrifty or drifty: The potential role of predation release in human obesity - p. 490 47. 7.4 Case studies: Experimental support for the predation release hypothesis of obesity - p. 505 48. 7.5 Chapter summary - p. 512 49. Chapter 8. Summary and data gaps - p. 535 50. Appendix I. A guide to the brain areas that inhibit eating - p. 575 51. Appendix II. Case studies in disordered satiety and appetite - p. 583 52. Index - p. 595
Appetite Interrupted: The Role of Predators in Shaping the Behavioral Ecology and Physiology of Satiety examines the mechanisms that suppress feeding in vertebrate animals within the physiological and ecological contexts that drove their evolution. It emphasizes the role of predation as a selective pressure, noting that the adaptive significance of these inhibitory mechanisms may help identify novel neuroendocrine pathways in future research. Written by a leading expert in the field, this book systematically explores behavioral ecology, evolutionary pressures, physiological processes, and stressors that impact foraging and feeding behaviors in vertebrates. Early chapters address why animals stop eating, reviewing the selective pressures that drive the evolution of both slow and rapid mechanisms for suppressing hunger and appetite. Central chapters delve into the physiological controls that have evolved to inhibit feeding, including the immense impacts of stress, anxiety, and fear on food intake. The book concludes with an examination of these pathways in humans and the evolution of obesity. While Appetite Interrupted comparatively approaches the mechanisms controlling food intake, predation, and hunger from an ecological perspective, its coverage of disordered satiety translates to practical and clinical applications of human nutrition. It is therefore an indispensable resource for students, researchers, and industry professionals across broad animal science and healthcare fields.
1. Chapter 1. Introduction - p. 1 2. Chapter 2. The ecology of eating - p. 37 3. 2.1 Optimal foraging - p. 37 4. 2.2 Nutritional ecology - p. 77 5. 2.3 The neuroscience underlying foraging decisions - p. 80 6. 2.4 Case studies - p. 84 7. 2.5 Chapter summary - p. 89 8. Chapter 3. Is predation the cost for being fat? - p. 113 9. 3.1 The foraging-predator avoidance trade-off explained - p. 113 10. 3.2 Predator effects on foraging behavior - p. 116 11. 3.3 Predator effects on body mass and fat deposition - p. 137 12. 3.4 Predator effects on energetics and metabolism - p. 143 13. 3.5 Is predation a cost of growing too quickly? - p. 145 14. 3.6 Predation as an evolutionary selection pressure in body mass regulation - p. 147 15. 3.7 Case studies - p. 148 16. 3.8 Chapter summary - p. 154 17. Chapter 4. Slow mechanisms for inhibiting eating: Appetite, satiety, and their control - p. 179 18. 4.1 What motivates animals to eat? - p. 179 19. 4.2 Mechanisms within the central nervous system that inhibit eating - p. 183 20. 4.3 Mechanisms outside the central nervous system that inhibit eating - p. 209 21. 4.4 An ecological context for slow mechanisms that inhibit eating - p. 230 22. 4.5 The evolution of mechanisms inhibiting eating - p. 232 23. 4.6 Case studies: The importance of satiety in a dangerous world - p. 244 24. 4.7 Chapter summary - p. 246 25. Chapter 5. Rapid mechanisms for inhibiting eating: Worms, antiworms, and lasers, oh my! - p. 291 26. 5.1 The predation risk allocation hypothesis: Rapid anti-predator decisions - p. 291 27. 5.2 Neuroethology and innate and learned detection of predator features - p. 294 28. 5.3 The optic tectum and superior colliculus: The brain's decision center for rapid ‘feed or flee’ responses - p. 325 29. 5.4 Other brain circuits that rapidly suppress feeding in response to a threat - p. 333 30. 5.5 Making sense of brain circuits that suppress feeding (and sometimes do a bunch of other stuff) - p. 340 31. 5.6 An ecological context for fast mechanisms that inhibit eating - p. 345 32. 5.7 Case studies: Rapid foraging/predator-avoidance decisions - p. 348 33. 5.8 Chapter summary - p. 351 34. Chapter 6. How stress, anxiety, and fear affect eating - p. 381 35. 6.1 The neuroendocrine stress axis and its rhythmic activity - p. 382 36. 6.2 The response of the HPA axis to predators and predator cues - p. 401 37. 6.3 How is stress different than anxiety or fear? - p. 409 38. 6.4 Stress axis hormones and eating - p. 412 39. 6.5 Glucocorticoids, CRF and the motivation to eat - p. 428 40. 6.6 Orexins, stress, and eating - p. 431 41. 6.7 Case studies: The ecology of fear? HPA axis responses to predators in wildlife - p. 432 42. 6.8 Chapter summary - p. 436 43. Chapter 7. Predators and the evolution of obesity in humans - p. 467 44. 7.1 When humans were hunted - p. 467 45. 7.2 Innate recognition of predators in humans: Why do some of us hate snakes so much? - p. 485 46. 7.3 Thrifty or drifty: The potential role of predation release in human obesity - p. 490 47. 7.4 Case studies: Experimental support for the predation release hypothesis of obesity - p. 505 48. 7.5 Chapter summary - p. 512 49. Chapter 8. Summary and data gaps - p. 535 50. Appendix I. A guide to the brain areas that inhibit eating - p. 575 51. Appendix II. Case studies in disordered satiety and appetite - p. 583 52. Index - p. 595
