Basic and Advanced Sciences for Anaesthetic Practice: Prepare for the FRCA
1. Cover image - p. 1 2. Title page - p. 2 3. Copyright - p. 8 4. Preface - p. 9 5. About the Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine Journal and this e-book - p. 10 6. Assessments - p. 11 7. Table of Contents - p. 3 8. Section 1: Anatomy - p. 13 9. Developmental anatomy of the airway - p. 14 10. Anatomy of the skull - p. 16 11. Anatomy of the cranial nerves - p. 17 12. Ocular anatomy and physiology relevant to anaesthesia - p. 22 13. The spinal cord and its membranes - p. 26 14. The cervical plexus - p. 27 15. Anatomy of the antecubital fossa - p. 28 16. The femoral triangle and superficial veins of the leg - p. 29 17. Applied anatomy for upper limb nerve blocks - p. 30 18. Anatomy of the epidural space - p. 32 19. Section 2: Physiology - p. 35 20. Osmolarity and partitioning of fluids - p. 36 21. The organization and composition of body fluids - p. 42 22. Capillary dynamics and the interstitial fluid–lymphatic system - p. 47 23. Body temperature and its regulation - p. 53 24. Muscle - p. 57 25. Protective mechanisms of the body - p. 60 26. Physiology of ageing - p. 63 27. The cell membrane and receptors - p. 66 28. Cell biology and gene expression - p. 70 29. Proteomics and metabolomics - p. 74 30. Control of cardiac function: an overview - p. 75 31. Initiation and regulation of the heartbeat - p. 78 32. Electromechanical coupling and regulation of force of cardiac contraction - p. 80 33. Neurological and humoral control of blood pressure - p. 82 34. Applied cardiovascular physiology - p. 86 35. Physiology of red and white blood cells - p. 90 36. Haemostasis, blood platelets and coagulation - p. 95 37. Respiration: ventilation - p. 98 38. Respiration: control of ventilation - p. 101 39. Fluid balance and non-respiratory functions of the lung - p. 105 40. Principles of artificial ventilation - p. 108 41. Applied respiratory physiology - p. 115 42. Cerebrospinal fluid and its physiology - p. 120 43. Applied cerebral physiology - p. 121 44. The brain: functional divisions - p. 126 45. Intracranial pressure and cerebral blood flow - p. 131 46. Nerve cell function and synaptic mechanisms - p. 136 47. Action potential: generation and propagation - p. 140 48. Reflexes: principles and properties - p. 144 49. Special senses - p. 149 50. Homeostatic control mechanisms - p. 151 51. Role of the kidney in acid–base balance - p. 156 52. Acid–base physiology: new concepts - p. 159 53. Regulation of fluid and electrolyte balance - p. 164 54. The function of the nephron and the formation of urine - p. 170 55. Renal blood flow, glomerular filtration and plasma clearance - p. 175 56. Micturition - p. 179 57. Macronutrients, minerals, vitamins and energy - p. 182 58. Intermediary metabolism - p. 186 59. Gastric disorders: modifications of gastric content, antacids and drugs influencing gastric secretions and motility - p. 189 60. Digestion and absorption - p. 192 61. The mouth, stomach and intestines - p. 194 62. Gut motility and its control - p. 197 63. Starvation, exercise, injury and obesity - p. 199 64. The pancreas - p. 204 65. Metabolic functions of the liver - p. 208 66. Physiology and pharmacology of nausea and vomiting - p. 209 67. Hormonal control of metabolism: regulation of plasma glucose - p. 213 68. Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal function: anaesthetic implications - p. 217 69. Thyroid and parathyroid hormones and calcium homeostasis - p. 221 70. Adrenocortical hormones - p. 225 71. Clinical aspects of endocrinology: parathyroid and adrenal gland disorders - p. 227 72. Uterine physiology - p. 232 73. Functions of the placenta - p. 235 74. Characteristics of special circulations - p. 239 75. Section 3: Immunology - p. 242 76. The immune system - p. 243 77. Immunological response to infection: inflammatory and adaptive immune responses - p. 244 78. Inflammation, immunity and allergy - p. 247 79. Immunology of transplantation - p. 252 80. Crystalloids, colloids, blood, blood products and blood substitutes - p. 253 81. Section 4: Pharmacology - p. 258 82. Ion channels, receptors, agonists and antagonists - p. 259 83. Factors affecting drug absorption and distribution - p. 264 84. Mechanisms of drug interactions: pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics - p. 268 85. Pharmacokinetic variation - p. 271 86. Pharmacokinetic analysis - p. 274 87. Modes of drug elimination and bioactive metabolites - p. 276 88. Pharmacogenomics - p. 279 89. Extremes of barometric pressure - p. 282 90. Developmental paediatric anaesthetic pharmacology - p. 286 91. Principles of intravenous drug infusion - p. 292 92. Mechanisms of action of general anaesthetic drugs - p. 295 93. Total intravenous anaesthesia - p. 296 94. Drugs acting on the heart: anti-arrhythmics - p. 299 95. Drugs acting on the heart: heart failure and coronary insufficiency - p. 303 96. Inotropes - p. 308 97. Pharmacological modulation of cardiac function and blood vessel calibre - p. 313 98. Drugs acting on the heart: antihypertensive drugs - p. 318 99. Pharmacology of plasma expanders - p. 321 100. Drugs affecting coagulation - p. 324 101. Respiratory system: applied pharmacology - p. 331 102. Drugs affecting the autonomic nervous system - p. 335 103. Antidepressants and antipsychotics: anaesthetic implications - p. 340 104. Pharmacological control of blood sugar - p. 343 105. Drugs used to treat joint and muscle disease - p. 346 106. Section 5: Equipment & Physics - p. 350 107. Mechanics (including force, mass, and acceleration) - p. 351 108. Physics of gases - p. 355 109. Gas, tubes and flow - p. 358 110. Medical gases, their storage and delivery - p. 361 111. Mechanical events and the pressure–volume relationships - p. 364 112. Anaesthetic breathing systems - p. 368 113. Principles of anaesthetic vaporizers - p. 371 114. Humidification devices - p. 374 115. Suction devices - p. 377 116. Processing storage and display of physiological measurements - p. 380 117. Principles of pressure transducer function, and sources of error in clinical use - p. 383 118. Electricity and magnetism - p. 387 119. Electrical hazards: causes and prevention - p. 391 120. Surgical diathermy - p. 393 121. Physical principles of defibrillators - p. 396 122. Physics of ultrasound - p. 398 123. Physical principles of LASER - p. 401 124. Disinfection, sterilization and disposables - p. 403 125. Section 6: Measurement - p. 407 126. Basic measurement concepts - p. 408 127. SI units - p. 411 128. Mathematical concepts - p. 414 129. Statistics in medicine - p. 417 130. Statistics for clinical trials and audit - p. 423 131. Measurement of gas volume and gas flow - p. 428 132. Measurement of respiratory function: an update on gas exchange - p. 432 133. Measurement of pulse oximetry, capnography and pH - p. 438 134. Measurement of gas concentrations (O2, CO2, N2O and volatile agents) - p. 442 135. Measurement of humidity - p. 445 136. Cardiac output measurement - p. 448 137. Central venous pressure and pulmonary artery pressure monitoring - p. 452 138. Monitoring arterial blood pressure - p. 456 139. Measuring temperature - p. 459 140. Common errors in clinical measurement - p. 463 141. Test Yourself - p. 466
Basic and Advanced Sciences for Anaesthetic Practice: Prepare for the FRCA
1. Cover image - p. 1 2. Title page - p. 2 3. Copyright - p. 8 4. Preface - p. 9 5. About the Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine Journal and this e-book - p. 10 6. Assessments - p. 11 7. Table of Contents - p. 3 8. Section 1: Anatomy - p. 13 9. Developmental anatomy of the airway - p. 14 10. Anatomy of the skull - p. 16 11. Anatomy of the cranial nerves - p. 17 12. Ocular anatomy and physiology relevant to anaesthesia - p. 22 13. The spinal cord and its membranes - p. 26 14. The cervical plexus - p. 27 15. Anatomy of the antecubital fossa - p. 28 16. The femoral triangle and superficial veins of the leg - p. 29 17. Applied anatomy for upper limb nerve blocks - p. 30 18. Anatomy of the epidural space - p. 32 19. Section 2: Physiology - p. 35 20. Osmolarity and partitioning of fluids - p. 36 21. The organization and composition of body fluids - p. 42 22. Capillary dynamics and the interstitial fluid–lymphatic system - p. 47 23. Body temperature and its regulation - p. 53 24. Muscle - p. 57 25. Protective mechanisms of the body - p. 60 26. Physiology of ageing - p. 63 27. The cell membrane and receptors - p. 66 28. Cell biology and gene expression - p. 70 29. Proteomics and metabolomics - p. 74 30. Control of cardiac function: an overview - p. 75 31. Initiation and regulation of the heartbeat - p. 78 32. Electromechanical coupling and regulation of force of cardiac contraction - p. 80 33. Neurological and humoral control of blood pressure - p. 82 34. Applied cardiovascular physiology - p. 86 35. Physiology of red and white blood cells - p. 90 36. Haemostasis, blood platelets and coagulation - p. 95 37. Respiration: ventilation - p. 98 38. Respiration: control of ventilation - p. 101 39. Fluid balance and non-respiratory functions of the lung - p. 105 40. Principles of artificial ventilation - p. 108 41. Applied respiratory physiology - p. 115 42. Cerebrospinal fluid and its physiology - p. 120 43. Applied cerebral physiology - p. 121 44. The brain: functional divisions - p. 126 45. Intracranial pressure and cerebral blood flow - p. 131 46. Nerve cell function and synaptic mechanisms - p. 136 47. Action potential: generation and propagation - p. 140 48. Reflexes: principles and properties - p. 144 49. Special senses - p. 149 50. Homeostatic control mechanisms - p. 151 51. Role of the kidney in acid–base balance - p. 156 52. Acid–base physiology: new concepts - p. 159 53. Regulation of fluid and electrolyte balance - p. 164 54. The function of the nephron and the formation of urine - p. 170 55. Renal blood flow, glomerular filtration and plasma clearance - p. 175 56. Micturition - p. 179 57. Macronutrients, minerals, vitamins and energy - p. 182 58. Intermediary metabolism - p. 186 59. Gastric disorders: modifications of gastric content, antacids and drugs influencing gastric secretions and motility - p. 189 60. Digestion and absorption - p. 192 61. The mouth, stomach and intestines - p. 194 62. Gut motility and its control - p. 197 63. Starvation, exercise, injury and obesity - p. 199 64. The pancreas - p. 204 65. Metabolic functions of the liver - p. 208 66. Physiology and pharmacology of nausea and vomiting - p. 209 67. Hormonal control of metabolism: regulation of plasma glucose - p. 213 68. Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal function: anaesthetic implications - p. 217 69. Thyroid and parathyroid hormones and calcium homeostasis - p. 221 70. Adrenocortical hormones - p. 225 71. Clinical aspects of endocrinology: parathyroid and adrenal gland disorders - p. 227 72. Uterine physiology - p. 232 73. Functions of the placenta - p. 235 74. Characteristics of special circulations - p. 239 75. Section 3: Immunology - p. 242 76. The immune system - p. 243 77. Immunological response to infection: inflammatory and adaptive immune responses - p. 244 78. Inflammation, immunity and allergy - p. 247 79. Immunology of transplantation - p. 252 80. Crystalloids, colloids, blood, blood products and blood substitutes - p. 253 81. Section 4: Pharmacology - p. 258 82. Ion channels, receptors, agonists and antagonists - p. 259 83. Factors affecting drug absorption and distribution - p. 264 84. Mechanisms of drug interactions: pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics - p. 268 85. Pharmacokinetic variation - p. 271 86. Pharmacokinetic analysis - p. 274 87. Modes of drug elimination and bioactive metabolites - p. 276 88. Pharmacogenomics - p. 279 89. Extremes of barometric pressure - p. 282 90. Developmental paediatric anaesthetic pharmacology - p. 286 91. Principles of intravenous drug infusion - p. 292 92. Mechanisms of action of general anaesthetic drugs - p. 295 93. Total intravenous anaesthesia - p. 296 94. Drugs acting on the heart: anti-arrhythmics - p. 299 95. Drugs acting on the heart: heart failure and coronary insufficiency - p. 303 96. Inotropes - p. 308 97. Pharmacological modulation of cardiac function and blood vessel calibre - p. 313 98. Drugs acting on the heart: antihypertensive drugs - p. 318 99. Pharmacology of plasma expanders - p. 321 100. Drugs affecting coagulation - p. 324 101. Respiratory system: applied pharmacology - p. 331 102. Drugs affecting the autonomic nervous system - p. 335 103. Antidepressants and antipsychotics: anaesthetic implications - p. 340 104. Pharmacological control of blood sugar - p. 343 105. Drugs used to treat joint and muscle disease - p. 346 106. Section 5: Equipment & Physics - p. 350 107. Mechanics (including force, mass, and acceleration) - p. 351 108. Physics of gases - p. 355 109. Gas, tubes and flow - p. 358 110. Medical gases, their storage and delivery - p. 361 111. Mechanical events and the pressure–volume relationships - p. 364 112. Anaesthetic breathing systems - p. 368 113. Principles of anaesthetic vaporizers - p. 371 114. Humidification devices - p. 374 115. Suction devices - p. 377 116. Processing storage and display of physiological measurements - p. 380 117. Principles of pressure transducer function, and sources of error in clinical use - p. 383 118. Electricity and magnetism - p. 387 119. Electrical hazards: causes and prevention - p. 391 120. Surgical diathermy - p. 393 121. Physical principles of defibrillators - p. 396 122. Physics of ultrasound - p. 398 123. Physical principles of LASER - p. 401 124. Disinfection, sterilization and disposables - p. 403 125. Section 6: Measurement - p. 407 126. Basic measurement concepts - p. 408 127. SI units - p. 411 128. Mathematical concepts - p. 414 129. Statistics in medicine - p. 417 130. Statistics for clinical trials and audit - p. 423 131. Measurement of gas volume and gas flow - p. 428 132. Measurement of respiratory function: an update on gas exchange - p. 432 133. Measurement of pulse oximetry, capnography and pH - p. 438 134. Measurement of gas concentrations (O2, CO2, N2O and volatile agents) - p. 442 135. Measurement of humidity - p. 445 136. Cardiac output measurement - p. 448 137. Central venous pressure and pulmonary artery pressure monitoring - p. 452 138. Monitoring arterial blood pressure - p. 456 139. Measuring temperature - p. 459 140. Common errors in clinical measurement - p. 463 141. Test Yourself - p. 466
