Current Therapy of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care
1. Cover image - p. i 2. Title page - p. ii 3. Table of Contents - p. iii 4. Copyright - p. iv 5. Contributors - p. v 6. Preface - p. xvii 7. Foreword - p. xix 8. List of Illustrations - p. xxi 9. List of Tables - p. xxii 10. Trauma Systems - p. xxii 11. Development of trauma systems - p. 1 12. Trauma center organization and verification for current therapy of trauma and surgical critical care - p. 5.e2 13. Injury severity scoring: Its definition and practical application - p. 6 14. Role of alcohol and other drugs in trauma - p. 7.e15 15. Injury prevention: An evidence-based public health approach - p. 7.e23 16. Lessons learned in military trauma in Colombia - p. 7.e28 17. Trauma scoring - p. 7.e36 18. Simulation-based training for combat surgery - p. 7.e41 19. Prehospital Trauma Care - p. 7.e55 20. Prehospital trauma care: Influence of emergency medical services on trauma center patient outcomes - p. 8 21. Field triage in the military arena - p. 9.e5 22. Trauma systems on the battlefield - p. 10 23. Field triage in the civilian arena - p. 19 24. En route care - p. 22.e1 25. Prehospital airway management: Intubation, devices, and controversies - p. 32 26. Prehospital fluid resuscitation: What type, how much, and controversies - p. 39 27. Mass casualty events: The role of hospitals and trauma systems - p. 42.e2 28. Injuries from explosives - p. 43 29. Prehospital care of biologic agent–induced injuries - p. 48.e2 30. Wound ballistics: What every trauma surgeon should know - p. 48.e10 31. Common prehospital complications and pitfalls in the trauma patient - p. 48.e15 32. Initial Assessment and Resuscitation - p. 48.e20 33. Airway management: What every trauma surgeon should know, from intubation to cricothyroidotomy - p. 49 34. Resuscitation fluids - p. 62 35. REBOA: Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta - p. 69 36. Resuscitative thoracotomy - p. 72.e1 37. Focused assessment with sonography for the trauma patient - p. 86.e5 38. Role of radiology in initial trauma evaluation - p. 103 39. Interventional radiology: Diagnostic and therapeutic roles - p. 125.e1 40. Interventional radiology management during intermediate and long-term phases of trauma care - p. 134.e1 41. Endpoints of resuscitation - p. 148 42. Head and Central Nervous System Injuries - p. 152.e1 43. Traumatic brain injury: Pathophysiology, clinical diagnosis, and prehospital and emergency center care - p. 153 44. Traumatic brain injury: Imaging, operative and nonoperative care, and complications - p. 161.e1 45. Spinal cord injury, blunt and penetrating, neurogenic and spinal shock - p. 168.e1 46. Maxillofacial and Ocular Injuries - p. 172.e1 47. Maxillofacial trauma - p. 173 48. Trauma to the eye and orbit - p. 173.e11 49. Neck Injuries - p. 173.e27 50. Penetrating neck injuries - p. 174 51. Blunt cerebrovascular injuries - p. 181.e1 52. Tracheal, laryngeal, and oropharyngeal injuries - p. 189 53. Thoracic Injuries - p. 202.e1 54. Pertinent surgical anatomy of the thorax and mediastinum - p. 203 55. Thoracic wall injuries: Ribs, sternal and scapular fractures, and hemothoraces and pneumothoraces - p. 227.e1 56. Diagnostic and therapeutic roles of bronchoscopy and video-assisted thoracoscopy in the management of thoracic trauma - p. 237.e1 57. Pulmonary contusion and flail chest - p. 245 58. Operative treatment of chest wall injury - p. 254.e1 59. Tracheal and tracheobronchial tree injuries - p. 259.e1 60. Operative management of pulmonary injuries: Lung-sparing and formal resections - p. 262 61. Complications of pulmonary and pleural injury - p. 284 62. Cardiac injuries - p. 292.e1 63. Thoracic vascular injury - p. 310 64. Thoracic aortic injury - p. 317 65. Esophageal injuries: Principles of management - p. 322.e1 66. Abdominal Injuries - p. 328 67. Diaphragmatic injury - p. 329 68. Surgical anatomy of the abdomen and retroperitoneum - p. 340 69. Diagnostic peritoneal lavage and laparoscopy in the evaluation of abdominal trauma - p. 346.e1 70. Nonoperative management of blunt and penetrating abdominal injuries - p. 350 71. Gastric injuries - p. 362.e1 72. Small bowel injury - p. 365.e1 73. Duodenal injuries - p. 372.e1 74. Pancreatic injuries and pancreaticoduodenectomy - p. 377.e1 75. Liver injury - p. 383.e4 76. Splenic injuries - p. 398 77. Abdominal vascular injury - p. 406 78. Colon and rectal injuries - p. 419 79. Genitourinary tract injuries - p. 423 80. Gynecologic injuries: Trauma to uterus, ovaries, and female genitalia - p. 431 81. Special Issues in Major Torso Trauma - p. 438 82. Multidisciplinary management of pelvic fractures: Operative and nonoperative management - p. 439 83. Current concepts in the diagnosis and management of hemorrhagic shock - p. 448 84. Exsanguination: Reliable models to indicate damage control - p. 456 85. Damage control resuscitation: An evidence-based report - p. 464 86. Newer strategies from the use of blood and blood products: Lessons learned from recent wars - p. 487 87. Surgical techniques for damage control operations for abdominal, thoracic, pelvic, and extremity trauma - p. 494.e1 88. Abdominal compartment syndrome, damage control, and the open abdomen - p. 500.e1 89. Torso trauma on the modern battlefield - p. 512 90. Peripheral Vascular Injury - p. 524 91. Vascular anatomy of the extremities - p. 525 92. Diagnosis of vascular trauma - p. 527 93. Penetrating carotid artery injuries - p. 531 94. Penetrating extracranial vertebral artery injuries - p. 542 95. Subclavian vessel injuries: Difficult anatomy and difficult territory - p. 552 96. Operative exposure and management of axillary vessel injuries - p. 559.e7 97. Brachial vessel injuries: High morbidity and low mortality injuries - p. 564 98. Iliac vessel injuries: Difficult injuries and dif ficult management problems - p. 572 99. Femoral vessel injuries: High mortality and low morbidity injuries - p. 579.e3 100. Popliteal vessel injuries: Complex anatomy and high amputation rates - p. 593.e1 101. Shank vessel injuries: The forgotten vascular injuries - p. 612.e7 102. Penetrating arteriovenous fistulas: Uncommon and challenging entities - p. 613 103. Temporary vascular shunts - p. 623 104. Musculoskeletal and Peripheral Central Nervous System Injuries - p. 626.e1 105. Upper extremity fractures: Orthopedic management - p. 627 106. Lower extremity and degloving injury - p. 640.e1 107. Cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine fractures - p. 645.e1 108. Pelvic fractures - p. 654.e1 109. Wrist and hand fractures: Orthopaedic management - p. 662.e2 110. Scapulothoracic dissociation and degloving injuries of the extremities - p. 662.e5 111. Extremity replantation: Indications and timing - p. 662.e10 112. Special Issues and Situations in Trauma Management - p. 662.e15 113. Flap reconstruction in the management of complex musculoskeletal injuries - p. 663 114. What every surgeon should know about the traumatic airway - p. 664 115. Pediatric trauma - p. 669.e2 116. Trauma in pregnancy - p. 669.e8 117. Trauma in our “elders” - p. 669.e17 118. Burns - p. 669.e32 119. Soft tissue infections - p. 669.e46 120. Common errors in trauma care - p. 669.e60 121. Combat trauma care: Lessons learned from recent combat operations - p. 670 122. Danger associated molecular patterns, complements, and other novel biomarkers in trauma patient management - p. 682.e2 123. Microbiome and trauma - p. 682.e9 124. Genomics of profound shock and trauma - p. 682.e16 125. Critical Care I: Management of Organ Failures and Techniques for Support - p. 683 126. Cardiac hemodynamics: Pulmonary artery catheter and the meaning of its readings - p. 683.e1 127. Oxygen transport - p. 684 128. Pharmacologic support of cardiac failure - p. 687.e1 129. Diagnosis and management of cardiac dysrhythmias - p. 692.e1 130. Fundamentals of mechanical ventilation - p. 700 131. Advanced techniques in mechanical ventilation - p. 711.e1 132. Acute kidney injury and renal replacement therapy in the surgical intensive care unit - p. 717.e1 133. Management of coagulation disorders in the surgical intensive care unit - p. 723 134. Management of endocrine disorders in the surgical intensive care unit - p. 733.e1 135. Transfusion: Management of blood and blood products in trauma - p. 740.e1 136. Critical Care II: Special Issues and Treatments - p. 752.e1 137. Thromboelastography: Techniques and uses - p. 753 138. Acute respiratory distress syndrome - p. 758.e1 139. The evolving epidemiology of multiple organ failure - p. 763 140. Sepsis, septic shock, and its treatment - p. 770 141. The immunology of trauma - p. 783.e2 142. Overview of infectious diseases in trauma patients - p. 791.e1 143. Nosocomial pneumonia - p. 798.e1 144. Antibiotic use in the intensive care unit: The old and the new - p. 803.e1 145. Fungal colonization and infection during critical illness - p. 814.e1 146. Preoperative and postoperative nutritional support: Strategies for enteral and parenteral therapies - p. 824.e2 147. Venous thromboembolic events: Diagnosis, treatment, and filters as adjuncts - p. 825 148. Hypothermia and trauma - p. 832.e2 149. Surgical procedures in the surgical intensive care unit - p. 832.e10 150. Anesthesia in the critical care unit and pain management - p. 833 151. Anesthesia adjuncts in the management of pain in trauma patients: New blocks and other techniques to combat the opioid epidemic - p. 841 152. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for acute cardiopulmonary failure - p. 848.e2 153. Rehabilitation and Quality of Life After Trauma and Other Issues - p. 848.e14 154. Surgery during global pandemics: Focus on prioritization and resource allocation - p. 849 155. Diagnostic management of brain death in the intensive care unit and organ donation - p. 850.e16 156. Palliative care in the trauma intensive care unit - p. 850.e24 157. Trauma rehabilitation - p. 850.e28 158. Trauma outcomes - p. 850.e37 159. Index - p. 851
Current Therapy of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care
1. Cover image - p. i 2. Title page - p. ii 3. Table of Contents - p. iii 4. Copyright - p. iv 5. Contributors - p. v 6. Preface - p. xvii 7. Foreword - p. xix 8. List of Illustrations - p. xxi 9. List of Tables - p. xxii 10. Trauma Systems - p. xxii 11. Development of trauma systems - p. 1 12. Trauma center organization and verification for current therapy of trauma and surgical critical care - p. 5.e2 13. Injury severity scoring: Its definition and practical application - p. 6 14. Role of alcohol and other drugs in trauma - p. 7.e15 15. Injury prevention: An evidence-based public health approach - p. 7.e23 16. Lessons learned in military trauma in Colombia - p. 7.e28 17. Trauma scoring - p. 7.e36 18. Simulation-based training for combat surgery - p. 7.e41 19. Prehospital Trauma Care - p. 7.e55 20. Prehospital trauma care: Influence of emergency medical services on trauma center patient outcomes - p. 8 21. Field triage in the military arena - p. 9.e5 22. Trauma systems on the battlefield - p. 10 23. Field triage in the civilian arena - p. 19 24. En route care - p. 22.e1 25. Prehospital airway management: Intubation, devices, and controversies - p. 32 26. Prehospital fluid resuscitation: What type, how much, and controversies - p. 39 27. Mass casualty events: The role of hospitals and trauma systems - p. 42.e2 28. Injuries from explosives - p. 43 29. Prehospital care of biologic agent–induced injuries - p. 48.e2 30. Wound ballistics: What every trauma surgeon should know - p. 48.e10 31. Common prehospital complications and pitfalls in the trauma patient - p. 48.e15 32. Initial Assessment and Resuscitation - p. 48.e20 33. Airway management: What every trauma surgeon should know, from intubation to cricothyroidotomy - p. 49 34. Resuscitation fluids - p. 62 35. REBOA: Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta - p. 69 36. Resuscitative thoracotomy - p. 72.e1 37. Focused assessment with sonography for the trauma patient - p. 86.e5 38. Role of radiology in initial trauma evaluation - p. 103 39. Interventional radiology: Diagnostic and therapeutic roles - p. 125.e1 40. Interventional radiology management during intermediate and long-term phases of trauma care - p. 134.e1 41. Endpoints of resuscitation - p. 148 42. Head and Central Nervous System Injuries - p. 152.e1 43. Traumatic brain injury: Pathophysiology, clinical diagnosis, and prehospital and emergency center care - p. 153 44. Traumatic brain injury: Imaging, operative and nonoperative care, and complications - p. 161.e1 45. Spinal cord injury, blunt and penetrating, neurogenic and spinal shock - p. 168.e1 46. Maxillofacial and Ocular Injuries - p. 172.e1 47. Maxillofacial trauma - p. 173 48. Trauma to the eye and orbit - p. 173.e11 49. Neck Injuries - p. 173.e27 50. Penetrating neck injuries - p. 174 51. Blunt cerebrovascular injuries - p. 181.e1 52. Tracheal, laryngeal, and oropharyngeal injuries - p. 189 53. Thoracic Injuries - p. 202.e1 54. Pertinent surgical anatomy of the thorax and mediastinum - p. 203 55. Thoracic wall injuries: Ribs, sternal and scapular fractures, and hemothoraces and pneumothoraces - p. 227.e1 56. Diagnostic and therapeutic roles of bronchoscopy and video-assisted thoracoscopy in the management of thoracic trauma - p. 237.e1 57. Pulmonary contusion and flail chest - p. 245 58. Operative treatment of chest wall injury - p. 254.e1 59. Tracheal and tracheobronchial tree injuries - p. 259.e1 60. Operative management of pulmonary injuries: Lung-sparing and formal resections - p. 262 61. Complications of pulmonary and pleural injury - p. 284 62. Cardiac injuries - p. 292.e1 63. Thoracic vascular injury - p. 310 64. Thoracic aortic injury - p. 317 65. Esophageal injuries: Principles of management - p. 322.e1 66. Abdominal Injuries - p. 328 67. Diaphragmatic injury - p. 329 68. Surgical anatomy of the abdomen and retroperitoneum - p. 340 69. Diagnostic peritoneal lavage and laparoscopy in the evaluation of abdominal trauma - p. 346.e1 70. Nonoperative management of blunt and penetrating abdominal injuries - p. 350 71. Gastric injuries - p. 362.e1 72. Small bowel injury - p. 365.e1 73. Duodenal injuries - p. 372.e1 74. Pancreatic injuries and pancreaticoduodenectomy - p. 377.e1 75. Liver injury - p. 383.e4 76. Splenic injuries - p. 398 77. Abdominal vascular injury - p. 406 78. Colon and rectal injuries - p. 419 79. Genitourinary tract injuries - p. 423 80. Gynecologic injuries: Trauma to uterus, ovaries, and female genitalia - p. 431 81. Special Issues in Major Torso Trauma - p. 438 82. Multidisciplinary management of pelvic fractures: Operative and nonoperative management - p. 439 83. Current concepts in the diagnosis and management of hemorrhagic shock - p. 448 84. Exsanguination: Reliable models to indicate damage control - p. 456 85. Damage control resuscitation: An evidence-based report - p. 464 86. Newer strategies from the use of blood and blood products: Lessons learned from recent wars - p. 487 87. Surgical techniques for damage control operations for abdominal, thoracic, pelvic, and extremity trauma - p. 494.e1 88. Abdominal compartment syndrome, damage control, and the open abdomen - p. 500.e1 89. Torso trauma on the modern battlefield - p. 512 90. Peripheral Vascular Injury - p. 524 91. Vascular anatomy of the extremities - p. 525 92. Diagnosis of vascular trauma - p. 527 93. Penetrating carotid artery injuries - p. 531 94. Penetrating extracranial vertebral artery injuries - p. 542 95. Subclavian vessel injuries: Difficult anatomy and difficult territory - p. 552 96. Operative exposure and management of axillary vessel injuries - p. 559.e7 97. Brachial vessel injuries: High morbidity and low mortality injuries - p. 564 98. Iliac vessel injuries: Difficult injuries and dif ficult management problems - p. 572 99. Femoral vessel injuries: High mortality and low morbidity injuries - p. 579.e3 100. Popliteal vessel injuries: Complex anatomy and high amputation rates - p. 593.e1 101. Shank vessel injuries: The forgotten vascular injuries - p. 612.e7 102. Penetrating arteriovenous fistulas: Uncommon and challenging entities - p. 613 103. Temporary vascular shunts - p. 623 104. Musculoskeletal and Peripheral Central Nervous System Injuries - p. 626.e1 105. Upper extremity fractures: Orthopedic management - p. 627 106. Lower extremity and degloving injury - p. 640.e1 107. Cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine fractures - p. 645.e1 108. Pelvic fractures - p. 654.e1 109. Wrist and hand fractures: Orthopaedic management - p. 662.e2 110. Scapulothoracic dissociation and degloving injuries of the extremities - p. 662.e5 111. Extremity replantation: Indications and timing - p. 662.e10 112. Special Issues and Situations in Trauma Management - p. 662.e15 113. Flap reconstruction in the management of complex musculoskeletal injuries - p. 663 114. What every surgeon should know about the traumatic airway - p. 664 115. Pediatric trauma - p. 669.e2 116. Trauma in pregnancy - p. 669.e8 117. Trauma in our “elders” - p. 669.e17 118. Burns - p. 669.e32 119. Soft tissue infections - p. 669.e46 120. Common errors in trauma care - p. 669.e60 121. Combat trauma care: Lessons learned from recent combat operations - p. 670 122. Danger associated molecular patterns, complements, and other novel biomarkers in trauma patient management - p. 682.e2 123. Microbiome and trauma - p. 682.e9 124. Genomics of profound shock and trauma - p. 682.e16 125. Critical Care I: Management of Organ Failures and Techniques for Support - p. 683 126. Cardiac hemodynamics: Pulmonary artery catheter and the meaning of its readings - p. 683.e1 127. Oxygen transport - p. 684 128. Pharmacologic support of cardiac failure - p. 687.e1 129. Diagnosis and management of cardiac dysrhythmias - p. 692.e1 130. Fundamentals of mechanical ventilation - p. 700 131. Advanced techniques in mechanical ventilation - p. 711.e1 132. Acute kidney injury and renal replacement therapy in the surgical intensive care unit - p. 717.e1 133. Management of coagulation disorders in the surgical intensive care unit - p. 723 134. Management of endocrine disorders in the surgical intensive care unit - p. 733.e1 135. Transfusion: Management of blood and blood products in trauma - p. 740.e1 136. Critical Care II: Special Issues and Treatments - p. 752.e1 137. Thromboelastography: Techniques and uses - p. 753 138. Acute respiratory distress syndrome - p. 758.e1 139. The evolving epidemiology of multiple organ failure - p. 763 140. Sepsis, septic shock, and its treatment - p. 770 141. The immunology of trauma - p. 783.e2 142. Overview of infectious diseases in trauma patients - p. 791.e1 143. Nosocomial pneumonia - p. 798.e1 144. Antibiotic use in the intensive care unit: The old and the new - p. 803.e1 145. Fungal colonization and infection during critical illness - p. 814.e1 146. Preoperative and postoperative nutritional support: Strategies for enteral and parenteral therapies - p. 824.e2 147. Venous thromboembolic events: Diagnosis, treatment, and filters as adjuncts - p. 825 148. Hypothermia and trauma - p. 832.e2 149. Surgical procedures in the surgical intensive care unit - p. 832.e10 150. Anesthesia in the critical care unit and pain management - p. 833 151. Anesthesia adjuncts in the management of pain in trauma patients: New blocks and other techniques to combat the opioid epidemic - p. 841 152. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for acute cardiopulmonary failure - p. 848.e2 153. Rehabilitation and Quality of Life After Trauma and Other Issues - p. 848.e14 154. Surgery during global pandemics: Focus on prioritization and resource allocation - p. 849 155. Diagnostic management of brain death in the intensive care unit and organ donation - p. 850.e16 156. Palliative care in the trauma intensive care unit - p. 850.e24 157. Trauma rehabilitation - p. 850.e28 158. Trauma outcomes - p. 850.e37 159. Index - p. 851
