Dust Explosion Dynamics focuses on the combustion science that governs the behavior of the three primary hazards of combustible dust: dust explosions, flash fires, and smoldering. It explores the use of fundamental principles to evaluate the magnitude of combustible dust hazards in a variety of settings. Models are developed to describe dust combustion phenomena using the principles of thermodynamics, transport phenomena, and chemical kinetics. Simple, tractable models are described first and compared with experimental data, followed by more sophisticated models to help with future challenges.
Dr. Ogle introduces the reader to just enough combustion science so that they may read, interpret, and use the scientific literature published on combustible dusts. This introductory text is intended to be a practical guide to the application of combustible dust models, suitable for both students and experienced engineers. It will help you to describe the dynamics of explosions and fires involving dust and evaluate their consequences which in turn will help you prevent damage to property, injury and loss of life from combustible dust accidents.
1. Chapter 1. Introduction to combustible dust hazards - p. 1 2. Chapter 2. The key physical properties of combustible dust - p. 35 3. Chapter 3. Thermodynamics of dust combustion - p. 53 4. Abstract - p. 53 5. 3.1 Chemical Mixture Relations - p. 54 6. 3.2 Mass and Energy Balances - p. 56 7. 3.3 Stoichiometry of Combustion - p. 58 8. 3.4 Thermochemistry of Combustion - p. 65 9. 3.5 Flames and Constant Pressure Combustion - p. 67 10. 3.6 Explosions and Constant Volume Combustion - p. 77 11. 3.7 Relation Between Burn Fraction and Fractional Pressure Rise - p. 86 12. 3.8 When is a Deflagration a Flash Fire? - p. 87 13. 3.9 Thermodynamic Model for Secondary Dust Explosion Pressures - p. 93 14. 3.10 Summary - p. 97 15. References - p. 98 16. Chapter 4. Transport phenomena for dust combustion - p. 101 17. Abstract - p. 101 18. 4.1 Equations of Change for Laminar Reacting Flows - p. 103 19. 4.2 Chapman–Jouguet Analysis of Combustion Waves - p. 109 20. 4.3 Premixed Flame Analysis of Gaseous Fuels - p. 122 21. 4.4 Diffusion Flame Analysis for a Liquid Droplet - p. 138 22. 4.5 Transport Phenomena in Porous Media - p. 148 23. 4.6 Dispersed Multiphase Flow - p. 156 24. 4.7 Thermal Radiation - p. 165 25. 4.8 Turbulence - p. 173 26. 4.9 Summary - p. 178 27. References - p. 179 28. Chapter 5. Smoldering phenomena - p. 183 29. Chapter 6. Dust particle combustion models - p. 211 30. Abstract - p. 211 31. 6.1 Single Particle Combustion Phenomena - p. 213 32. 6.2 Noncatalytic Gas–Solid Reaction Models - p. 223 33. 6.3 Single Particle Combustion Models for Organic Solids - p. 244 34. 6.4 Single Particle Combustion Models for Metallic Solids - p. 285 35. 6.5 The Relevance of Single Particle Combustion to Combustible Dust Hazards - p. 292 36. 6.6 Summary - p. 295 37. References - p. 296 38. Chapter 7. Unconfined dust flame propagation - p. 307 39. Abstract - p. 307 40. 7.1 The One-Dimensional Laminar Dust Flame - p. 308 41. 7.2 Scaling Analysis for Heterogeneous Flame Propagation - p. 318 42. 7.3 Thermal Theories of Laminar Dust Flame Propagation - p. 328 43. 7.4 Ballal’s Theory of Dust Flame Propagation - p. 334 44. 7.5 Models Based on Activation Energy Asymptotics - p. 342 45. 7.6 Ignition and Quenching of Dust Flames - p. 345 46. 7.7 Survey of Heterogeneous Flame Propagation Behavior - p. 351 47. 7.8 Combustible Dust Flash Fires - p. 383 48. 7.9 Controlling Flash Fire Hazards - p. 392 49. 7.10 Summary - p. 394 50. References - p. 396 51. Chapter 8. Confined unsteady dust flame propagation - p. 407 52. Abstract - p. 407 53. 8.1 Flame Propagation in Closed Vessels - p. 409 54. 8.2 The Flamm–Mache Temperature Gradient - p. 415 55. 8.3 The Fractional Pressure Rise Relation - p. 416 56. 8.4 Time Scale Analysis for Confined Unsteady Dust Flame Propagation - p. 421 57. 8.5 Integral Models - p. 424 58. 8.6 Dust Explosion Testing: Calibration, Igniter Strength, and Turbulence - p. 452 59. 8.7 Survey of Confined Dust Deflagration Behavior - p. 460 60. 8.8 Explosion Concentration Limits - p. 479 61. 8.9 Controlling Dust Explosion Hazards - p. 486 62. 8.10 Summary - p. 488 63. References - p. 489 64. Chapter 9. Dust flame acceleration effects - p. 499 65. Abstract - p. 499 66. 9.1 Dust Flame Acceleration and Shock Waves - p. 500 67. 9.2 Dust Cloud Suspension and Secondary Dust Explosions - p. 520 68. 9.3 Confined Dust Flame Acceleration - p. 541 69. 9.4 Pressure Piling - p. 551 70. 9.5 Preventing or Controlling Secondary Dust Explosions - p. 559 71. 9.6 Summary - p. 561 72. References - p. 561 73. Chapter 10. Comprehensive dust explosion modeling - p. 567 74. Appendix 1. Conversion Factors and Physical Constants - p. 619 75. Appendix 2. Table of Atomic Numbers and Masses - p. 622 76. Index - p. 625
Dust Explosion Dynamics focuses on the combustion science that governs the behavior of the three primary hazards of combustible dust: dust explosions, flash fires, and smoldering. It explores the use of fundamental principles to evaluate the magnitude of combustible dust hazards in a variety of settings. Models are developed to describe dust combustion phenomena using the principles of thermodynamics, transport phenomena, and chemical kinetics. Simple, tractable models are described first and compared with experimental data, followed by more sophisticated models to help with future challenges.
Dr. Ogle introduces the reader to just enough combustion science so that they may read, interpret, and use the scientific literature published on combustible dusts. This introductory text is intended to be a practical guide to the application of combustible dust models, suitable for both students and experienced engineers. It will help you to describe the dynamics of explosions and fires involving dust and evaluate their consequences which in turn will help you prevent damage to property, injury and loss of life from combustible dust accidents.
1. Chapter 1. Introduction to combustible dust hazards - p. 1 2. Chapter 2. The key physical properties of combustible dust - p. 35 3. Chapter 3. Thermodynamics of dust combustion - p. 53 4. Abstract - p. 53 5. 3.1 Chemical Mixture Relations - p. 54 6. 3.2 Mass and Energy Balances - p. 56 7. 3.3 Stoichiometry of Combustion - p. 58 8. 3.4 Thermochemistry of Combustion - p. 65 9. 3.5 Flames and Constant Pressure Combustion - p. 67 10. 3.6 Explosions and Constant Volume Combustion - p. 77 11. 3.7 Relation Between Burn Fraction and Fractional Pressure Rise - p. 86 12. 3.8 When is a Deflagration a Flash Fire? - p. 87 13. 3.9 Thermodynamic Model for Secondary Dust Explosion Pressures - p. 93 14. 3.10 Summary - p. 97 15. References - p. 98 16. Chapter 4. Transport phenomena for dust combustion - p. 101 17. Abstract - p. 101 18. 4.1 Equations of Change for Laminar Reacting Flows - p. 103 19. 4.2 Chapman–Jouguet Analysis of Combustion Waves - p. 109 20. 4.3 Premixed Flame Analysis of Gaseous Fuels - p. 122 21. 4.4 Diffusion Flame Analysis for a Liquid Droplet - p. 138 22. 4.5 Transport Phenomena in Porous Media - p. 148 23. 4.6 Dispersed Multiphase Flow - p. 156 24. 4.7 Thermal Radiation - p. 165 25. 4.8 Turbulence - p. 173 26. 4.9 Summary - p. 178 27. References - p. 179 28. Chapter 5. Smoldering phenomena - p. 183 29. Chapter 6. Dust particle combustion models - p. 211 30. Abstract - p. 211 31. 6.1 Single Particle Combustion Phenomena - p. 213 32. 6.2 Noncatalytic Gas–Solid Reaction Models - p. 223 33. 6.3 Single Particle Combustion Models for Organic Solids - p. 244 34. 6.4 Single Particle Combustion Models for Metallic Solids - p. 285 35. 6.5 The Relevance of Single Particle Combustion to Combustible Dust Hazards - p. 292 36. 6.6 Summary - p. 295 37. References - p. 296 38. Chapter 7. Unconfined dust flame propagation - p. 307 39. Abstract - p. 307 40. 7.1 The One-Dimensional Laminar Dust Flame - p. 308 41. 7.2 Scaling Analysis for Heterogeneous Flame Propagation - p. 318 42. 7.3 Thermal Theories of Laminar Dust Flame Propagation - p. 328 43. 7.4 Ballal’s Theory of Dust Flame Propagation - p. 334 44. 7.5 Models Based on Activation Energy Asymptotics - p. 342 45. 7.6 Ignition and Quenching of Dust Flames - p. 345 46. 7.7 Survey of Heterogeneous Flame Propagation Behavior - p. 351 47. 7.8 Combustible Dust Flash Fires - p. 383 48. 7.9 Controlling Flash Fire Hazards - p. 392 49. 7.10 Summary - p. 394 50. References - p. 396 51. Chapter 8. Confined unsteady dust flame propagation - p. 407 52. Abstract - p. 407 53. 8.1 Flame Propagation in Closed Vessels - p. 409 54. 8.2 The Flamm–Mache Temperature Gradient - p. 415 55. 8.3 The Fractional Pressure Rise Relation - p. 416 56. 8.4 Time Scale Analysis for Confined Unsteady Dust Flame Propagation - p. 421 57. 8.5 Integral Models - p. 424 58. 8.6 Dust Explosion Testing: Calibration, Igniter Strength, and Turbulence - p. 452 59. 8.7 Survey of Confined Dust Deflagration Behavior - p. 460 60. 8.8 Explosion Concentration Limits - p. 479 61. 8.9 Controlling Dust Explosion Hazards - p. 486 62. 8.10 Summary - p. 488 63. References - p. 489 64. Chapter 9. Dust flame acceleration effects - p. 499 65. Abstract - p. 499 66. 9.1 Dust Flame Acceleration and Shock Waves - p. 500 67. 9.2 Dust Cloud Suspension and Secondary Dust Explosions - p. 520 68. 9.3 Confined Dust Flame Acceleration - p. 541 69. 9.4 Pressure Piling - p. 551 70. 9.5 Preventing or Controlling Secondary Dust Explosions - p. 559 71. 9.6 Summary - p. 561 72. References - p. 561 73. Chapter 10. Comprehensive dust explosion modeling - p. 567 74. Appendix 1. Conversion Factors and Physical Constants - p. 619 75. Appendix 2. Table of Atomic Numbers and Masses - p. 622 76. Index - p. 625
