Electrons, Atoms, and Molecules in Inorganic Chemistry: A Worked Examples Approach builds from fundamental units into molecules, to provide the reader with a full understanding of inorganic chemistry concepts through worked examples and full color illustrations. The book uniquely discusses failures as well as research success stories. Worked problems include a variety of types of chemical and physical data, illustrating the interdependence of issues.
This text contains a bibliography providing access to important review articles and papers of relevance, as well as summaries of leading articles and reviews at the end of each chapter so interested readers can readily consult the original literature. Suitable as a professional reference for researchers in a variety of fields, as well as course use and self-study. The book offers valuable information to fill an important gap in the field.
1. Cover image - p. cover 2. Title page - p. cover 3. Table of Contents - p. cover 4. Copyright - p. iv 5. Dedication - p. v 6. Preface - p. xiii 7. Chapter 1: Particle Wave Duality - p. xv 8. Chapter 2: Electrons in Atoms - p. 33 9. Abstract - p. 35 10. 2.1 The Wave Function (the Schrödinger Equation) - p. 37 11. 2.2 Properties of the wave function - p. 39 12. 2.3 Schrödinger Equation of the Hydrogen Atom - p. 40 13. 2.4 Transformation of the Schrödinger Equation From Cartesians to Spherical Polar Coordinates - p. 41 14. 2.5 The Angular Equation - p. 47 15. 2.6 The Φ-Equation - p. 48 16. 2.7 The Θ-Equation - p. 51 17. 2.8 The Radial Equation - p. 57 18. 2.9 The Final Solution for the Full Wave Function, ψnlm(r,θ,ϕ) - p. 66 19. 2.10 The Orthonormal Properties of the Real Wave Functions - p. 71 20. 2.11 The Quantum Numbers: n, l, and ml - p. 76 21. 2.12 The Spin Quantum Number, s - p. 84 22. 2.13 The Boundary Surface of s-Orbital - p. 85 23. 2.14 The Boundary Surface of p-Orbitals - p. 87 24. 2.15 The Boundary Surface of d-Orbitals - p. 91 25. 2.16 Calculating the Most Probable Radius - p. 99 26. 2.17 Calculating the Mean Radius of an Orbital - p. 100 27. 2.18 The Structure of Many-Electron Atoms - p. 108 28. 2.19 The Pauli Exclusion Principle - p. 109 29. 2.20 Slater Determinant - p. 111 30. 2.21 Penetration and Shielding - p. 113 31. 2.22 The Building-Up Principle - p. 117 32. 2.23 Term Structure for Polyelectron Atoms - p. 121 33. 2.24 Term Wave Functions and Single Electron Wave Functions - p. 129 34. 2.25 Spin-Orbital Coupling - p. 131 35. 2.26 Spin-Orbital Coupling in External Magnetic Field - p. 133 36. Chapter 3: Chemical Bonding - p. 145 37. Abstract - p. 147 38. 3.1 Electronegativity and Electropositivity - p. 149 39. 3.2 Electronegativity and Electropositivity Trends - p. 150 40. 3.3 Molecular and Nonmolecular Compounds - p. 151 41. 3.4 Types of Bonds - p. 152 42. 3.5 Metallic Bonding and General Properties of Metals - p. 152 43. 3.6 Ionic Bonding - p. 159 44. 3.7 Covalent Bonding - p. 173 45. 3.8 Coordinate Covalent Bond (Dative Bonding) - p. 175 46. 3.9 Intermolecular Interactions - p. 204 47. 3.10 Covalent Networks and Giant Molecules - p. 212 48. Chapter 4: Molecular Symmetry - p. 226 49. Abstract - p. 227 50. 4.1 Molecular Symmetry - p. 228 51. 4.2 The Symmetry Elements - p. 230 52. 4.3 The Symmetry and Point Group - p. 238 53. 4.4 Some Immediate Applications - p. 243 54. 4.5 Group Theory: Properties of the Groups and Their Elements - p. 250 55. 4.6 Similarity Transforms, Conjugation, and Classes - p. 252 56. 4.7 Matrix Representation - p. 254 57. 4.8 Motion Representations of the Groups - p. 262 58. 4.9 Symmetry Properties of Atomic Orbitals - p. 266 59. 4.10 Character Tables - p. 269 60. 4.11 Relation Between any Reducible and Irreducible Representations - p. 272 61. 4.12 Group Theory and Quantum Mechanics: Irreducible Representations and Wave Function - p. 275 62. Chapter 5: Valence Bond Theory and Orbital Hybridization - p. 280 63. Abstract - p. 281 64. 5.1 Valence Bond Theory - p. 282 65. 5.2 VSEPR Theory and Molecular Geometry - p. 283 66. 5.3 Isoelectronic Species - p. 284 67. 5.4 Procedures to Diagram Molecular Structure - p. 284 68. 5.5 Valence Bond Theory and Metallic Bonds - p. 288 69. 5.6 Orbital Hybridization - p. 290 70. 5.7 Rehybridization and Complex Formation - p. 291 71. 5.8 Hybridization and σ-/π-Bonding - p. 294 72. 5.9 Orbital Hybridization and Molecular Symmetry - p. 296 73. 5.10 Hybrid Orbitals as Symmetry Adapted Linear Combination of Atomic Orbitals (SALC) - p. 311 74. 5.11 Molecular Wave Function as Symmetry Adapted Linear Combination of Atomic Orbitals (SALC) - p. 322 75. Chapter 6: Molecular Orbital Theory - p. 330 76. Abstract - p. 331 77. 6.1 Molecular Orbital Theory Versus Valence Bond Theory - p. 332 78. 6.2 Molecular Orbital Wave Function and Symmetry - p. 333 79. 6.3 The Linear Combination of Atomic Orbitals-Molecular Orbital (LCAO-MO) and Hückel Approximations - p. 333 80. 6.4 Atomic Orbitals Combinations for the Second Row Diatomic Molecules - p. 338 81. 6.5 Heterodiatomic Molecules - p. 347 82. 6.6 Polyatomic Molecules - p. 349 83. 6.7 Molecular Orbitals for a Centric Molecule - p. 351 84. 6.8 Properties Derived From Molecular Wave Function - p. 366 85. 6.9 Band Theory: Molecule Orbital Theory and Metallic Bonding Orbit - p. 394 86. 6.10 Conductors, Insulators, and Semiconductors - p. 397 87. Chapter 7: Crystal Field Theory - p. 401 88. Abstract - p. 403 89. 7.1 The Advantages and Disadvantages of Valence Bond Theory - p. 405 90. 7.2 Bases of Crystal Field Theory - p. 405 91. 7.3 The Crystal Field Potential - p. 407 92. 7.4 Zero-Order Perturbation Theory (the Effect of Crystal Field on the Orbital Wave Functions of Degenerate Orbitals) - p. 419 93. 7.5 Types of Interactions That Affect the Crystal Field Treatment - p. 442 94. 7.6 Free Ion in Weak Crystal Fields - p. 442 95. 7.7 Strong Field Approach - p. 457 96. Chapter 8: Ligand Field Theory - p. 470 97. Abstract - p. 471 98. 8.1 The Advantages and Disadvantages of Crystal Field Theory - p. 472 99. 8.2 Symmetry and Orbital Splitting by Ligand Field - p. 473 100. 8.3 Correlation Table - p. 478 101. 8.4 Correlation Diagrams of Strong and Weak Fields - p. 481 102. 8.5 Orgel Diagram - p. 488 103. 8.6 Tanabe-Sugano Diagrams - p. 498 104. Chapter 9: Vibrational Rotational Spectroscopy - p. 503 105. Abstract - p. 505 106. 9.1 Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy - p. 507 107. 9.2 Permanent Dipole and Polarizability - p. 509 108. 9.3 The Classical Explanation of Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy - p. 509 109. 9.4 Rotation of Diatomic Molecules - p. 511 110. 9.5 Vibration of Diatomic Molecules - p. 515 111. 9.6 The Quantum Mechanics of the Translation, Vibration, and Rotation Motions - p. 523 112. 9.7 Vibration-Rotation Energies of Diatomic Molecules (Vibrational-Rotational State) - p. 529 113. 9.8 Vibrations of Polyatomic Molecules - p. 532 114. 9.9 Polyatomic Molecular Motions and Degrees of Freedom - p. 532 115. 9.10 Normal Modes of Vibration, Normal Coordinates, and Polyatomic Molecules - p. 533 116. 9.11 Vibrational Energy of Polyatomic Molecules - p. 536 117. 9.12 Vibrational Displacements - p. 536 118. 9.13 Vibrational Energy and Normal Coordinates - p. 537 119. 9.14 Stretching Vibrations of Linear Molecules - p. 543 120. 9.15 Symmetry and Normal Modes of Vibration - p. 545 121. 9.16 Assigning the Normal Modes of Vibration - p. 549 122. 9.17 Force Constants and the GF-Matrix Method - p. 555 123. 9.18 Selection Rules - p. 568 124. 9.19 Center of Symmetry and the Mutual Exclusion Rule - p. 575 125. 9.20 Isolation of a Particular Type of Motion - p. 576 126. 9.21 Detecting the Changes of Symmetry Through Reaction - p. 581 127. Chapter 10: Electronic Spectroscopy - p. 584 128. Abstract - p. 585 129. 10.1 Beer-Lambert Law - p. 587 130. 10.2 Allowed Electronic Transition - p. 589 131. 10.3 Basis of the Selection Rules - p. 592 132. 10.4 Selection Rules - p. 593 133. 10.5 Unexpected Weak Absorbance - p. 595 134. 10.6 Spectroscopy of Electronic Excitations - p. 597 135. 10.7 Electronic Spectra of Selected Examples - p. 601 136. 10.8 Spectroscopy of Porphyrins - p. 632 137. 10.9 The Magnetic Dipole Moment and the Absorbance Intensity - p. 635 138. Chapter 11: Magnetism - p. 645 139. Abstract - p. 647 140. 11.1 Magnetic Susceptibility - p. 648 141. 11.2 Types of Magnetic Behaviors - p. 649 142. 11.3 Diamagnetic Behavior - p. 652 143. 11.4 Spin-Only Magnetic Susceptibility, Magnetic Moment, and Thermal Spreading - p. 654 144. 11.5 Orbital Magnetic Moment - p. 659 145. 11.6 Second-Order Zeeman Effect and Van Vleck Equation - p. 662 146. 11.7 Spin-Orbital Coupling and Magnetic Susceptibility - p. 664 147. 11.8 Spin-Orbital Coupling: In A and E Ground Terms - p. 671 148. 11.9 Spin-Orbital Coupling: In T Ground Terms - p. 672 149. 11.10 Curie Law, Deviation, and Data Representations - p. 678 150. 11.11 The Magnetic Behaviors of Compounds Contain a Unique Magnetic Center - p. 681 151. 11.12 Structure-Linked Crossover, Thermal Isomerization - p. 688 152. 11.13 Interactions Between Magnetic Centers - p. 691 153. 11.14 Measurement of the Magnetic Susceptibility - p. 701 154. Mathematics Supplement - p. 711 155. Character Tables - p. 729 156. Index - p. 739
Electrons, Atoms, and Molecules in Inorganic Chemistry: A Worked Examples Approach builds from fundamental units into molecules, to provide the reader with a full understanding of inorganic chemistry concepts through worked examples and full color illustrations. The book uniquely discusses failures as well as research success stories. Worked problems include a variety of types of chemical and physical data, illustrating the interdependence of issues.
This text contains a bibliography providing access to important review articles and papers of relevance, as well as summaries of leading articles and reviews at the end of each chapter so interested readers can readily consult the original literature. Suitable as a professional reference for researchers in a variety of fields, as well as course use and self-study. The book offers valuable information to fill an important gap in the field.
1. Cover image - p. cover 2. Title page - p. cover 3. Table of Contents - p. cover 4. Copyright - p. iv 5. Dedication - p. v 6. Preface - p. xiii 7. Chapter 1: Particle Wave Duality - p. xv 8. Chapter 2: Electrons in Atoms - p. 33 9. Abstract - p. 35 10. 2.1 The Wave Function (the Schrödinger Equation) - p. 37 11. 2.2 Properties of the wave function - p. 39 12. 2.3 Schrödinger Equation of the Hydrogen Atom - p. 40 13. 2.4 Transformation of the Schrödinger Equation From Cartesians to Spherical Polar Coordinates - p. 41 14. 2.5 The Angular Equation - p. 47 15. 2.6 The Φ-Equation - p. 48 16. 2.7 The Θ-Equation - p. 51 17. 2.8 The Radial Equation - p. 57 18. 2.9 The Final Solution for the Full Wave Function, ψnlm(r,θ,ϕ) - p. 66 19. 2.10 The Orthonormal Properties of the Real Wave Functions - p. 71 20. 2.11 The Quantum Numbers: n, l, and ml - p. 76 21. 2.12 The Spin Quantum Number, s - p. 84 22. 2.13 The Boundary Surface of s-Orbital - p. 85 23. 2.14 The Boundary Surface of p-Orbitals - p. 87 24. 2.15 The Boundary Surface of d-Orbitals - p. 91 25. 2.16 Calculating the Most Probable Radius - p. 99 26. 2.17 Calculating the Mean Radius of an Orbital - p. 100 27. 2.18 The Structure of Many-Electron Atoms - p. 108 28. 2.19 The Pauli Exclusion Principle - p. 109 29. 2.20 Slater Determinant - p. 111 30. 2.21 Penetration and Shielding - p. 113 31. 2.22 The Building-Up Principle - p. 117 32. 2.23 Term Structure for Polyelectron Atoms - p. 121 33. 2.24 Term Wave Functions and Single Electron Wave Functions - p. 129 34. 2.25 Spin-Orbital Coupling - p. 131 35. 2.26 Spin-Orbital Coupling in External Magnetic Field - p. 133 36. Chapter 3: Chemical Bonding - p. 145 37. Abstract - p. 147 38. 3.1 Electronegativity and Electropositivity - p. 149 39. 3.2 Electronegativity and Electropositivity Trends - p. 150 40. 3.3 Molecular and Nonmolecular Compounds - p. 151 41. 3.4 Types of Bonds - p. 152 42. 3.5 Metallic Bonding and General Properties of Metals - p. 152 43. 3.6 Ionic Bonding - p. 159 44. 3.7 Covalent Bonding - p. 173 45. 3.8 Coordinate Covalent Bond (Dative Bonding) - p. 175 46. 3.9 Intermolecular Interactions - p. 204 47. 3.10 Covalent Networks and Giant Molecules - p. 212 48. Chapter 4: Molecular Symmetry - p. 226 49. Abstract - p. 227 50. 4.1 Molecular Symmetry - p. 228 51. 4.2 The Symmetry Elements - p. 230 52. 4.3 The Symmetry and Point Group - p. 238 53. 4.4 Some Immediate Applications - p. 243 54. 4.5 Group Theory: Properties of the Groups and Their Elements - p. 250 55. 4.6 Similarity Transforms, Conjugation, and Classes - p. 252 56. 4.7 Matrix Representation - p. 254 57. 4.8 Motion Representations of the Groups - p. 262 58. 4.9 Symmetry Properties of Atomic Orbitals - p. 266 59. 4.10 Character Tables - p. 269 60. 4.11 Relation Between any Reducible and Irreducible Representations - p. 272 61. 4.12 Group Theory and Quantum Mechanics: Irreducible Representations and Wave Function - p. 275 62. Chapter 5: Valence Bond Theory and Orbital Hybridization - p. 280 63. Abstract - p. 281 64. 5.1 Valence Bond Theory - p. 282 65. 5.2 VSEPR Theory and Molecular Geometry - p. 283 66. 5.3 Isoelectronic Species - p. 284 67. 5.4 Procedures to Diagram Molecular Structure - p. 284 68. 5.5 Valence Bond Theory and Metallic Bonds - p. 288 69. 5.6 Orbital Hybridization - p. 290 70. 5.7 Rehybridization and Complex Formation - p. 291 71. 5.8 Hybridization and σ-/π-Bonding - p. 294 72. 5.9 Orbital Hybridization and Molecular Symmetry - p. 296 73. 5.10 Hybrid Orbitals as Symmetry Adapted Linear Combination of Atomic Orbitals (SALC) - p. 311 74. 5.11 Molecular Wave Function as Symmetry Adapted Linear Combination of Atomic Orbitals (SALC) - p. 322 75. Chapter 6: Molecular Orbital Theory - p. 330 76. Abstract - p. 331 77. 6.1 Molecular Orbital Theory Versus Valence Bond Theory - p. 332 78. 6.2 Molecular Orbital Wave Function and Symmetry - p. 333 79. 6.3 The Linear Combination of Atomic Orbitals-Molecular Orbital (LCAO-MO) and Hückel Approximations - p. 333 80. 6.4 Atomic Orbitals Combinations for the Second Row Diatomic Molecules - p. 338 81. 6.5 Heterodiatomic Molecules - p. 347 82. 6.6 Polyatomic Molecules - p. 349 83. 6.7 Molecular Orbitals for a Centric Molecule - p. 351 84. 6.8 Properties Derived From Molecular Wave Function - p. 366 85. 6.9 Band Theory: Molecule Orbital Theory and Metallic Bonding Orbit - p. 394 86. 6.10 Conductors, Insulators, and Semiconductors - p. 397 87. Chapter 7: Crystal Field Theory - p. 401 88. Abstract - p. 403 89. 7.1 The Advantages and Disadvantages of Valence Bond Theory - p. 405 90. 7.2 Bases of Crystal Field Theory - p. 405 91. 7.3 The Crystal Field Potential - p. 407 92. 7.4 Zero-Order Perturbation Theory (the Effect of Crystal Field on the Orbital Wave Functions of Degenerate Orbitals) - p. 419 93. 7.5 Types of Interactions That Affect the Crystal Field Treatment - p. 442 94. 7.6 Free Ion in Weak Crystal Fields - p. 442 95. 7.7 Strong Field Approach - p. 457 96. Chapter 8: Ligand Field Theory - p. 470 97. Abstract - p. 471 98. 8.1 The Advantages and Disadvantages of Crystal Field Theory - p. 472 99. 8.2 Symmetry and Orbital Splitting by Ligand Field - p. 473 100. 8.3 Correlation Table - p. 478 101. 8.4 Correlation Diagrams of Strong and Weak Fields - p. 481 102. 8.5 Orgel Diagram - p. 488 103. 8.6 Tanabe-Sugano Diagrams - p. 498 104. Chapter 9: Vibrational Rotational Spectroscopy - p. 503 105. Abstract - p. 505 106. 9.1 Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy - p. 507 107. 9.2 Permanent Dipole and Polarizability - p. 509 108. 9.3 The Classical Explanation of Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy - p. 509 109. 9.4 Rotation of Diatomic Molecules - p. 511 110. 9.5 Vibration of Diatomic Molecules - p. 515 111. 9.6 The Quantum Mechanics of the Translation, Vibration, and Rotation Motions - p. 523 112. 9.7 Vibration-Rotation Energies of Diatomic Molecules (Vibrational-Rotational State) - p. 529 113. 9.8 Vibrations of Polyatomic Molecules - p. 532 114. 9.9 Polyatomic Molecular Motions and Degrees of Freedom - p. 532 115. 9.10 Normal Modes of Vibration, Normal Coordinates, and Polyatomic Molecules - p. 533 116. 9.11 Vibrational Energy of Polyatomic Molecules - p. 536 117. 9.12 Vibrational Displacements - p. 536 118. 9.13 Vibrational Energy and Normal Coordinates - p. 537 119. 9.14 Stretching Vibrations of Linear Molecules - p. 543 120. 9.15 Symmetry and Normal Modes of Vibration - p. 545 121. 9.16 Assigning the Normal Modes of Vibration - p. 549 122. 9.17 Force Constants and the GF-Matrix Method - p. 555 123. 9.18 Selection Rules - p. 568 124. 9.19 Center of Symmetry and the Mutual Exclusion Rule - p. 575 125. 9.20 Isolation of a Particular Type of Motion - p. 576 126. 9.21 Detecting the Changes of Symmetry Through Reaction - p. 581 127. Chapter 10: Electronic Spectroscopy - p. 584 128. Abstract - p. 585 129. 10.1 Beer-Lambert Law - p. 587 130. 10.2 Allowed Electronic Transition - p. 589 131. 10.3 Basis of the Selection Rules - p. 592 132. 10.4 Selection Rules - p. 593 133. 10.5 Unexpected Weak Absorbance - p. 595 134. 10.6 Spectroscopy of Electronic Excitations - p. 597 135. 10.7 Electronic Spectra of Selected Examples - p. 601 136. 10.8 Spectroscopy of Porphyrins - p. 632 137. 10.9 The Magnetic Dipole Moment and the Absorbance Intensity - p. 635 138. Chapter 11: Magnetism - p. 645 139. Abstract - p. 647 140. 11.1 Magnetic Susceptibility - p. 648 141. 11.2 Types of Magnetic Behaviors - p. 649 142. 11.3 Diamagnetic Behavior - p. 652 143. 11.4 Spin-Only Magnetic Susceptibility, Magnetic Moment, and Thermal Spreading - p. 654 144. 11.5 Orbital Magnetic Moment - p. 659 145. 11.6 Second-Order Zeeman Effect and Van Vleck Equation - p. 662 146. 11.7 Spin-Orbital Coupling and Magnetic Susceptibility - p. 664 147. 11.8 Spin-Orbital Coupling: In A and E Ground Terms - p. 671 148. 11.9 Spin-Orbital Coupling: In T Ground Terms - p. 672 149. 11.10 Curie Law, Deviation, and Data Representations - p. 678 150. 11.11 The Magnetic Behaviors of Compounds Contain a Unique Magnetic Center - p. 681 151. 11.12 Structure-Linked Crossover, Thermal Isomerization - p. 688 152. 11.13 Interactions Between Magnetic Centers - p. 691 153. 11.14 Measurement of the Magnetic Susceptibility - p. 701 154. Mathematics Supplement - p. 711 155. Character Tables - p. 729 156. Index - p. 739
