Clinicians at all levels must consider a myriad of tests in the diagnostic process, requiring an up-to-date understanding of changing technology and the demands of time- and cost-efficiency. Ferri's Best Test, 5th Edition, is a unique, easy-to-use guide that simplifies complex information and helps you choose the best test to supplement your clinical diagnostic skills. It includes both lab and imaging tests for concise, convenient access to all diagnostic test options for more than 200 common diseases and disorders.
1. Cover image - p. i 2. Title page - p. ii 3. Table of Contents - p. iii 4. Copyright - p. iv 5. Preface - p. v 6. Acknowledgments - p. vii 7. Section I. Diagnostic Imaging - p. 1 8. Section I Diagnostic Imaging - p. 1 9. A. Abdominal and Gastrointestinal (GI) Imaging - p. 4 10. B. Breast Imaging - p. 42 11. C. Cardiac Imaging - p. 48 12. D. Chest Imaging - p. 66 13. E. Endocrine Imaging - p. 74 14. F. Genitourinary Imaging - p. 78 15. G. Musculoskeletal and Spinal Cord Imaging - p. 88 16. H. Neuroimaging of Brain - p. 102 17. I. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) - p. 107 18. J. Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) - p. 109 19. K. Vascular Imaging - p. 110 20. L. Oncology - p. 135 21. Section II. Laboratory Values and Interpretation of Results - p. 139 22. ACE Level - p. 148 23. Acetone (Serum or Plasma) - p. 148 24. Acetylcholine Receptor (AChR) Antibody - p. 148 25. Acid Phosphatase (Serum) - p. 148 26. Acid Serum Test - p. 148 27. Activated Clotting Time (ACT) - p. 148 28. Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT) - p. 148 29. Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) - p. 148 30. Alanine Aminopeptidase - p. 149 31. Alanine Aminotransferase (alt, Formerly Serum Glutamic-Pyruvic Transaminase [SGPT]) - p. 149 32. Albumin (Serum) - p. 149 33. Alcohol Dehydrogenase - p. 149 34. Aldolase (Serum) - p. 149 35. Aldosterone (Plasma) - p. 149 36. Alkaline Phosphatase (Serum) - p. 150 37. Alpha-1-Antitrypsin (Serum) - p. 151 38. Alpha-1-Fetoprotein (Serum) - p. 151 39. ALT - p. 151 40. Aluminum (Serum) - p. 151 41. AMA - p. 151 42. Amebiasis Serologic Test - p. 152 43. Aminolevulinic Acid (d-ALA) (24-Hour Urine Collection) - p. 152 44. Ammonia (Serum) - p. 152 45. Amylase (Serum) - p. 152 46. Amylase, Urine - p. 152 47. Amyloid A Protein (Serum) - p. 152 48. ANA - p. 152 49. Anaplasma Phagocytophilum (HGA) - p. 152 50. ANCA - p. 152 51. Androstenedione (Serum) - p. 153 52. Angiotensin II - p. 153 53. Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Level - p. 153 54. ANH - p. 153 55. Anion Gap - p. 153 56. Anticardiolipin Antibody (ACA) - p. 153 57. Anticentromere Antibody - p. 153 58. Anticoagulant - p. 154 59. Antidiuretic Hormone - p. 154 60. Anti-DNA - p. 154 61. Anti-dsDNA - p. 155 62. Antiglobulin Test, Direct - p. 155 63. Antiglobulin Test, Indirect - p. 155 64. Antiglomerular Basement Antibody - p. 155 65. Anti-HCV - p. 155 66. Antihistone - p. 155 67. Anti-Jo-1 - p. 155 68. Antimitochondrial Antibody (AMA) - p. 155 69. Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody (ANCA) - p. 155 70. Antinuclear Antibody (ANA) - p. 155 71. Antiphospholipid Antibody - p. 156 72. Anti-RNP Antibody - p. 156 73. Anti-Scl-70 - p. 156 74. Anti-Smith (Anti-Sm) Antibody - p. 157 75. Anti-Smooth Muscle Antibody - p. 157 76. Antistreptolysin O Titer (Streptozyme, ASLO Titer) - p. 157 77. Antithrombin III - p. 157 78. Apolipoprotein A-1 (Apo A-1) - p. 157 79. Apolipoprotein B (Apo B) - p. 157 80. Arterial Blood Gases - p. 157 81. Arthrocentesis Fluid - p. 160 82. ASLO Titer - p. 160 83. Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST, Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase [SGOT]) - p. 160 84. Atrial Natriuretic Hormone (ANH) - p. 161 85. Basophil Count - p. 161 86. Beta-2 Microglobulin - p. 161 87. Bicarbonate - p. 161 88. Bile Acid Breath Test - p. 161 89. Bile, Urine - p. 161 90. Bilirubin, Direct (Conjugated Bilirubin) - p. 162 91. Bilirubin, Indirect (Unconjugated Bilirubin) - p. 162 92. Bilirubin, Total - p. 162 93. Bilirubin, Urine - p. 162 94. Bladder Tumor–Associated Antigen - p. 162 95. Bleeding Time (Modified IVY Method) - p. 162 96. Blood Type - p. 163 97. Blood Volume, Total - p. 165 98. Bordetella pertussis Serology - p. 165 99. BRCA-1, BRCA-2 - p. 165 100. Breath Hydrogen Test - p. 165 101. B-Type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) - p. 165 102. BUN - p. 166 103. C3 - p. 166 104. C4 - p. 166 105. CA 15-3 - p. 166 106. CA 19-9 - p. 166 107. CA 27-29 - p. 166 108. CA 72-4 - p. 166 109. CA 125 - p. 166 110. Calcitonin (Serum) - p. 166 111. Calcium (Serum) - p. 166 112. Calcium, Urine - p. 167 113. Cancer Antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3) - p. 167 114. Cancer Antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) - p. 167 115. Cancer Antigen 27-29 (CA 27-29) - p. 167 116. Cancer Antigen 72-4 (CA 72-4) - p. 169 117. Cancer Antigen 125 (CA-125) - p. 169 118. Captopril Stimulation Test - p. 169 119. Carbamazepine (Tegretol) - p. 169 120. Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9 - p. 169 121. Carbon Dioxide, Partial Pressure - p. 170 122. Carbon Monoxide - p. 170 123. Carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) - p. 170 124. Cardiac Markers (Serum) - p. 170 125. Cardiac Troponins - p. 171 126. Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) - p. 171 127. Cardio-CRP - p. 172 128. Carotene (Serum) - p. 172 129. Catecholamines, Urine - p. 172 130. CBC - p. 172 131. CCK - p. 172 132. CCK-PZ - p. 172 133. CCP IgG Antibody - p. 172 134. CD4 T-Lymphocyte Count (CD4 T-Cells) - p. 172 135. CD40 Ligand - p. 173 136. CEA - p. 173 137. Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) - p. 173 138. Ceruloplasmin (Serum) - p. 176 139. Chlamydia Group Antibody Serologic Test - p. 176 140. Chlamydia trachomatis Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (NAAT) - p. 176 141. Chlamydia trachomatis Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) - p. 176 142. Chloride (Serum) - p. 176 143. Chloride (Sweat) - p. 177 144. Chloride, Urine - p. 177 145. Cholecystokinin-Pancreozymin (CCK, CCK-PZ) - p. 177 146. Cholesterol, Low-Density Lipoprotein - p. 177 147. Cholesterol, High-Density Lipoprotein - p. 177 148. Cholesterol, Total - p. 177 149. Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG), Human (Serum) - p. 177 150. Chymotrypsin - p. 178 151. Circulating Anticoagulant (Antiphospholipid Antibody, Lupus Anticoagulant) - p. 178 152. CK - p. 178 153. Clonidine Suppression Test - p. 178 154. Clostridium (Clostridioides) difficile Toxin Assay (Stool) - p. 178 155. CO - p. 178 156. Coagulation Factors - p. 178 157. Cold Agglutinins Titer - p. 180 158. Complement (C3, C4) - p. 180 159. Complete Blood Cell (CBC) Count (Normal Values) - p. 181 160. Conjugated Bilirubin - p. 182 161. Coombs, Direct - p. 182 162. Coombs, Indirect (Antiglobulin, Indirect) - p. 182 163. Copper (Serum) - p. 183 164. Copper, Urine - p. 183 165. Coronavirus - p. 183 166. Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone (CRH) Stimulation Test - p. 183 167. Cortisol (Plasma) - p. 183 168. COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) - p. 183 169. C-Peptide - p. 184 170. CPK - p. 184 171. C-Reactive Protein (CRP) - p. 184 172. Creatinine Clearance - p. 184 173. Creatine Kinase (CK), Creatine Phosphokinase (CPK) - p. 185 174. Creatine Kinase Isoenzymes - p. 185 175. Creatinine (Serum) - p. 186 176. Creatinine, Urine - p. 186 177. Cryoglobulins (Serum) - p. 186 178. Cryptosporidium Antigen by Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA) (Stool) - p. 186 179. CSF - p. 186 180. Cystatin C - p. 186 181. Cystic Fibrosis Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) - p. 187 182. Cytomegalovirus by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) - p. 187 183. DAT - p. 187 184. d-Dimer - p. 187 185. Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate - p. 187 186. Deoxycorticosterone (11-Deoxycorticosterone, doc), Serum - p. 187 187. Dexamethasone Suppression Test, Overnight - p. 188 188. Digoxin - p. 188 189. Dihydrotestosterone, Serum, Urine - p. 188 190. Dilantin - p. 189 191. Direct Antiglobulin Test (DAT, Coombs Test Direct) - p. 189 192. Disaccharide Absorption Tests - p. 190 193. DOC - p. 190 194. Donath-Landsteiner (D-L) Test for Paroxysmal Cold Hemoglobinuria - p. 190 195. Dopamine - p. 190 196. d-Xylose Absorption Test - p. 190 197. Electrolytes, Urine - p. 190 198. Electrophoresis, Hemoglobin - p. 190 199. Electrophoresis, Protein - p. 190 200. ENA Complex - p. 190 201. Endomysial Antibodies - p. 191 202. Eosinophil Count - p. 191 203. Epinephrine, Plasma - p. 191 204. Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Serology - p. 191 205. Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) (Westergren) - p. 192 206. Erythropoietin (EP) - p. 192 207. Estradiol (Serum) - p. 192 208. Estrogens, Total - p. 192 209. Ethanol (Blood) - p. 193 210. Extractable Nuclear Antigen (ENA Complex, Anti-RNP Antibody, Anti-SM, Anti-Smith) - p. 193 211. Factor V Leiden - p. 193 212. FDP - p. 193 213. FENA - p. 193 214. Fecal fat, Qualitative - p. 193 215. Fecal fat, Quantitative (72-Hour Collection) - p. 193 216. Fecal Globin Immunochemical Test - p. 193 217. Ferritin (Serum) - p. 194 218. Fibrin Degradation Product (FDP) - p. 194 219. Fibrinogen - p. 194 220. 5-Hydroxyindole-Acetic Acid, Urine - p. 194 221. 5′ Nucleotidase - p. 194 222. Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody - p. 194 223. Folate (Folic Acid) - p. 194 224. Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) - p. 194 225. Fractional Excretion of Sodium (FENA) - p. 195 226. Free T4 - p. 195 227. Free Thyroxine Index - p. 195 228. FSH - p. 195 229. FTA-ABS (Serum) - p. 196 230. Furosemide Stimulation Test - p. 196 231. Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) - p. 196 232. Gastrin (Serum) - p. 196 233. Gastrin Stimulation Test - p. 196 234. Gliadin Antibodies, Immunoglobulin (Ig) A and IgG - p. 196 235. Glomerular Basement Membrane Antibody - p. 196 236. Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) - p. 196 237. Glucagon - p. 197 238. Glucose, Fasting - p. 198 239. Glucose, Postprandial - p. 198 240. Glucose Tolerance Test - p. 198 241. Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) Screen (Blood) - p. 198 242. γ-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) - p. 198 243. Glycated (Glycosylated) Hemoglobin (HbA1c) - p. 198 244. Glycohemoglobin - p. 199 245. Growth Hormone - p. 199 246. Growth Hormone–Releasing Hormone (GHRH) - p. 199 247. Growth Hormone Suppression Test (After Glucose) - p. 199 248. Ham Test (Acid Serum Test) - p. 199 249. Haptoglobin (Serum) - p. 199 250. HbA1c - p. 199 251. hCG Tumor Marker - p. 199 252. HDL - p. 200 253. Helicobacter pylori (Serology, Stool Antigen) - p. 200 254. Hematocrit - p. 200 255. Hemoglobin - p. 200 256. Hemoglobin (Hb) Electrophoresis - p. 201 257. Hemoglobin, Glycated - p. 201 258. Hemoglobin, Glycosylated - p. 201 259. Hemoglobin H - p. 202 260. Hemoglobin, Urine - p. 202 261. Hemosiderin, Urine - p. 202 262. Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia Antibodies - p. 202 263. Hepatitis A Antibody - p. 203 264. Hepatitis B Core Antibody - p. 203 265. Hepatitis B DNA - p. 203 266. Hepatitis Be Antigen (HBeAg) and Antibody - p. 204 267. Hepatitis B Surface Antibody - p. 204 268. Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) - p. 204 269. Hepatitis C Antibody (Anti-HCV) - p. 204 270. Hepatitis C Genotype - p. 204 271. Hepatitis C RNA - p. 205 272. Hepatitis D Antigen and Antibody - p. 205 273. Her-2/neu - p. 206 274. Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) - p. 206 275. Heterophil Antibody - p. 206 276. HFE Screen for Hereditary Hemochromatosis - p. 207 277. High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Cholesterol - p. 207 278. Homocysteine, Plasma - p. 207 279. Hs-CRP - p. 208 280. HSV - p. 208 281. Human Chorionic Gonadotropins (hCG) - p. 208 282. Human Herpes Virus 8 (HHV8) - p. 208 283. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Antibody, Type 1 (HIV-1) - p. 208 284. Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) - p. 209 285. Huntington Disease Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) - p. 209 286. 17-Hydroxyprogesterone - p. 210 287. Immune Complex Assay - p. 210 288. Immunoglobulin (Ig) - p. 210 289. Influenza A and B Tests - p. 211 290. INR - p. 211 291. Insulin Autoantibodies - p. 211 292. Insulin, Free - p. 211 293. Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1), Serum - p. 211 294. Insulin-Like Growth Factor II - p. 212 295. International Normalized Ratio (INR) - p. 212 296. Intrinsic Factor Antibodies - p. 212 297. Iron-Binding Capacity (Total Iron-Binding Capacity [TIBC]) - p. 212 298. Iron Saturation (% Transferrin Saturation) - p. 212 299. Iron, Serum - p. 213 300. Lactate (Blood) - p. 213 301. Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) - p. 213 302. Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) Isoenzymes - p. 213 303. Lactose Tolerance Test (Serum) - p. 213 304. LAP Score - p. 213 305. LDH - p. 214 306. LDL - p. 214 307. Lead - p. 214 308. Legionella pneumophila Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) - p. 214 309. Legionella Titer - p. 215 310. Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase (LAP) - p. 215 311. LH - p. 215 312. Lipase - p. 215 313. Lipoprotein (A) - p. 215 314. Lipoprotein Cholesterol, Low Density - p. 215 315. Lipoprotein Cholesterol, High Density - p. 215 316. Liver Kidney Microsome Type 1 (LKM1) Antibodies - p. 215 317. Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Cholesterol - p. 216 318. Lupus Anticoagulant (LA) Test - p. 216 319. Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Blood - p. 216 320. Lymphocytes - p. 216 321. Magnesium (Serum) - p. 216 322. Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - p. 217 323. Metanephrines, Urine - p. 217 324. Methylmalonic Acid, Serum - p. 217 325. Mitochondrial Antibody (Antimitochondrial Antibody [AMA]) - p. 217 326. Monocyte Count - p. 218 327. Mycoplasma pneumoniae Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) - p. 218 328. Myelin Basic Protein, Cerebrospinal Fluid - p. 218 329. Myoglobin, Urine - p. 218 330. Natriuretic Peptide - p. 218 331. Neisseria gonorrhoeae Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (NAAT) - p. 219 332. Neisseria gonorrhoeae Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) - p. 219 333. Neutrophil Count - p. 219 334. Norepinephrine - p. 219 335. Osmolality, Serum - p. 219 336. Osmolality, Urine - p. 219 337. Osmotic Fragility Test - p. 219 338. Paracentesis Fluid - p. 220 339. Parathyroid Hormone - p. 221 340. Parietal Cell Antibodies - p. 221 341. Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT), Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT) - p. 221 342. Pepsinogen I - p. 222 343. PFA - p. 222 344. pH, Blood - p. 222 345. Phenobarbital - p. 222 346. Phenytoin (Dilantin) - p. 222 347. Phosphatase, Acid - p. 222 348. Phosphatase, Alkaline - p. 222 349. Phosphate (Serum) - p. 222 350. pH, Urine - p. 223 351. Plasminogen - p. 223 352. Platelet Aggregation - p. 223 353. Platelet Antibodies - p. 223 354. Platelet Count - p. 224 355. Platelet Function Analysis (PFA) 100 Assay - p. 224 356. Potassium (Serum) - p. 225 357. Potassium, Urine - p. 226 358. Progesterone, Serum - p. 226 359. Prolactin - p. 226 360. Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) - p. 227 361. Prostatic Acid Phosphatase - p. 227 362. Protein (Serum) - p. 227 363. Protein C Assay - p. 227 364. Protein Electrophoresis (Serum) - p. 227 365. Protein S Assay - p. 229 366. Prothrombin Time (PT) - p. 229 367. Protoporphyrin (Free Erythrocyte) - p. 229 368. PSA - p. 229 369. PT - p. 229 370. PTT - p. 230 371. Pulse Oximetry - p. 230 372. Quantiferon-TB - p. 230 373. Rapid Plasma Reagin - p. 230 374. RDW - p. 230 375. Red Blood Cell Count - p. 230 376. Red Blood Cell Distribution Width (RDW) - p. 231 377. Red Blood Cell Folate - p. 231 378. Red Blood Cell Mass (Volume) - p. 231 379. Renin (Serum) - p. 231 380. Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Screen - p. 231 381. Reticulocyte Count - p. 232 382. Rheumatoid Factor - p. 232 383. RNP - p. 232 384. Rotavirus Serology - p. 232 385. RPR - p. 232 386. SARS-CoV-2 - p. 233 387. SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies - p. 233 388. Sedimentation Rate - p. 234 389. Semen Analysis - p. 234 390. SGOT - p. 234 391. SGPT - p. 234 392. Sickle Cell Test - p. 234 393. Smooth Muscle Antibody - p. 234 394. Sodium (Serum) - p. 234 395. Streptozyme - p. 235 396. Sucrose Hemolysis Test (Sugar Water Test) - p. 235 397. Sudan III Stain (Qualitative Screening for Fecal Fat) - p. 236 398. T3 (Triiodothyronine) - p. 236 399. T3 Resin Uptake (T3RU) - p. 236 400. T4, Serum T4, and Free (Free Thyroxine) - p. 236 401. Serum Free T4 - p. 236 402. Tegretol - p. 236 403. Testosterone - p. 236 404. Theophylline - p. 236 405. Thiamine - p. 236 406. Thoracentesis Fluid - p. 238 407. Thrombin Time (TT) - p. 238 408. Thyroglobulin - p. 238 409. Thyroid-Binding Globulin (TBG) - p. 239 410. Thyroid Microsomal Antibodies - p. 239 411. Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) - p. 239 412. Thyrotropin (Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone [TSH]) Receptor Antibodies - p. 240 413. Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH) Stimulation Test - p. 240 414. TIBC - p. 240 415. Tissue Transglutaminase Antibody - p. 241 416. Transferrin - p. 241 417. Triglycerides - p. 241 418. Triiodothyronine - p. 241 419. Troponins, Serum - p. 241 420. TSH - p. 241 421. TT - p. 242 422. Unconjugated Bilirubin - p. 242 423. Urea Nitrogen - p. 242 424. Uric Acid (Serum) - p. 242 425. Urinalysis - p. 243 426. Urine Amylase - p. 245 427. Urine Bile - p. 245 428. Urine Calcium - p. 245 429. Urine camp - p. 245 430. Urine Catecholamines - p. 245 431. Urine Chloride - p. 246 432. Urine Copper - p. 246 433. Urine Cortisol, Free - p. 246 434. Urine Creatinine (24-Hour) - p. 246 435. Urine Crystals - p. 246 436. Urine Eosinophils - p. 246 437. Urine 5-Hydroxyindole-Acetic Acid (Urine 5-HIAA) - p. 246 438. Urine Glucose (Qualitative) - p. 246 439. Urine Hemoglobin, Free - p. 246 440. Urine Hemosiderin - p. 247 441. Urine Indican - p. 247 442. Urine Ketones (Semiquantitative) - p. 247 443. Urine Metanephrines - p. 247 444. Urine Myoglobin - p. 247 445. Urine Nitrite - p. 247 446. Urine Occult Blood - p. 247 447. Urine Osmolality - p. 247 448. Urine pH - p. 248 449. Urine Phosphate - p. 248 450. Urine Potassium - p. 248 451. Urine Protein (Quantitative) - p. 248 452. Urine Sodium (Quantitative) - p. 248 453. Urine Specific Gravity - p. 248 454. Urine Vanillylmandelic Acid (VMA) - p. 249 455. Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) Serologic Testing - p. 249 456. Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) - p. 249 457. Venereal Disease Research Laboratories (VDRL) - p. 249 458. VIP - p. 250 459. Viscosity (Serum) - p. 250 460. Vitamin B12 - p. 250 461. Vitamin D, 1,25 Dihydroxy Calciferol, Vitamin D 25(OH)D (25-Hydroxyvitamin D) - p. 251 462. Vitamin K - p. 251 463. von Willebrand Factor - p. 252 464. WBCs - p. 252 465. Westergren - p. 252 466. White Blood Cell Count - p. 252 467. Section III. Diseases and Disorders - p. 253 468. Acronyms - p. 257 469. 1. Abdominal Abscess (Fig. 3.1) - p. 259 470. 2. Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (Fig. 3.3) - p. 261 471. 3. Abdominal Pain (Fig. 3.5) - p. 262 472. 4. Achalasia (Fig. 3.6) - p. 264 473. 5. Acid-Base Disorders (Figs. 3.9 and 3.10) - p. 265 474. 6. Acute Kidney Injury (Fig. 3.11) - p. 268 475. 7. Addison Disease (Adrenal Insufficiency) (Fig. 3.12) - p. 269 476. 8. Adrenal Incidentaloma (Fig. 3.13) - p. 270 477. 9. Adrenal Mass (Fig. 3.15) - p. 272 478. 10. Alkaline Phosphatase Elevation (Fig. 3.17) - p. 274 479. 11. ALT/AST Elevation (Fig. 3.18) - p. 275 480. 12. Amenorrhea, Primary (Fig. 3.19) - p. 276 481. 13. Amenorrhea, Secondary (Fig. 3.20) - p. 277 482. 14. Anemia, Macrocytic (Fig. 3.21) - p. 278 483. 15. Anemia, Microcytic (Fig. 3.22) - p. 279 484. 16. Anisocoria (Fig. 3.23) - p. 280 485. 17. Antinuclear Antibody (ANA)–Positive (Fig. 3.24) - p. 282 486. 18. Aortic Dissection (Fig. 3.25) - p. 284 487. 19. Appendicitis (Fig. 3.29) - p. 286 488. 20. Ascites (Fig. 3.31) - p. 287 489. 21. Avascular Necrosis (Fig. 3.33) - p. 290 490. 22. Back Pain, Acute, Lumbosacral (LS) Area (Fig. 3.35) - p. 291 491. 23. Bilirubin Elevation (Fig. 3.36) - p. 293 492. 24. Bleeding Disorder, Congenital (Fig. 3.37) - p. 296 493. 25. Brain Abscess (Fig. 3.38) - p. 297 494. 26. Breast Mass (Fig. 3.40) - p. 298 495. 27. Carcinoid Syndrome (FIG. 3.43) - p. 300 496. 28. Cardiomegaly on Chest Radiograph (Fig. 3.45) - p. 301 497. 29. Chest Pain (Fig. 3.48) - p. 302 498. 30. Cholangitis (Fig. 3.49) - p. 305 499. 31. Cholecystitis (Fig. 3.51) - p. 307 500. 32. Cholelithiasis (Fig. 3.54) - p. 309 501. 33. Chronic Cough (Fig. 3.56) - p. 310 502. 34. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (Fig. 3.57) - p. 312 503. 35. Colon Ischemia (Fig. 3.58) - p. 313 504. 36. Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy [RSD]) (Fig. 3.59) - p. 314 505. 37. Constipation (Fig. 3.61) - p. 315 506. 38. Creatinine Phosphokinase (CPK) Elevation (Fig. 3.62) - p. 316 507. 39. Cushing Syndrome (Figs. 3.64 and 3.65 Table 3.12) - p. 317 508. 40. Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) (Fig. 3.66, Table 3.13) - p. 321 509. 41. Delayed Puberty (Fig. 3.68) - p. 323 510. 42. Delirium (Fig. 3.69) - p. 324 511. 43. Diarrhea (Figs. 3.70 and 3.71) - p. 325 512. 44. Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) (Fig. 3.72) - p. 328 513. 45. Diverticulitis (FIG. 3.73) - p. 329 514. 46. Dyspepsia (Fig. 3.75) - p. 330 515. 47. Dyspnea (Fig. 3.76) - p. 331 516. 48. Dysuria (Fig. 3.77) - p. 332 517. 49. Ectopic Pregnancy (Fig. 3.78) - p. 333 518. 50. Edema, Lower Extremity (Fig. 3.81) - p. 335 519. 51. Endocarditis, Infective (Fig. 3.82, Table 3.14) - p. 237 520. 52. Endometriosis (Fig. 3.84) - p. 339 521. 53. Epiglottitis (Fig. 3.86) - p. 340 522. 54. Fatigue (Fig. 3.88) - p. 342 523. 55. Fever and Neutropenia (Fig. 3.89) - p. 343 524. 56. Fever of Undetermined Origin (FUO) (Fig. 3.90) - p. 344 525. 57. Galactorrhea (Fig. 3.91) - p. 345 526. 58. Genital Lesions/Ulcers (Fig. 3.93) - p. 347 527. 59. Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis (Wegener Granulomatosis) (Fig. 3.94) - p. 348 528. 60. Goiter (Fig. 3.96) - p. 349 529. 61. Gynecomastia (Fig. 3.97) - p. 350 530. 62. Hearing Loss (Fig. 3.98) - p. 351 531. 63. Hematochezia (Fig. 3.99) - p. 352 532. 64. Hematuria (Fig. 3.100) - p. 353 533. 65. Hemochromatosis (Fig. 3.102) - p. 356 534. 66. Hemoptysis (Fig. 3.103) - p. 357 535. 67. Hepatomegaly (Fig. 3.105) - p. 358 536. 68. Hirsutism (Fig. 3.106) - p. 359 537. 69. Hyperaldosteronism (Fig. 3.107) - p. 359 538. 70. Hypercalcemia (Fig. 3.108) - p. 361 539. 71. Hyperkalemia (Fig. 3.109) - p. 362 540. 72. Hypermagnesemia (Fig. 3.110) - p. 363 541. 73. Hypernatremia (Fig. 3.111) - p. 364 542. 74. Hyperphosphatemia (Fig. 3.112) - p. 365 543. 75. Hyperthyroidism (Fig. 3.113) - p. 366 544. 76. Hypocalcemia (Fig. 3.114) - p. 367 545. 77. Hypoglycemia (Fig. 3.115) - p. 368 546. 78. Hypogonadism (Fig. 3.118) - p. 369 547. 79. Hypokalemia (Fig. 3.119) - p. 371 548. 80. Hypomagnesemia (Fig. 3.120) - p. 373 549. 81. Hyponatremia (Fig. 3.121) - p. 375 550. 82. Hypophosphatemia (Fig. 3.122) - p. 376 551. 83. Hypothyroidism (Fig. 3.123) - p. 376 552. 84. Immunodeficiency (Fig. 3.124) - p. 378 553. 85. Infectious Diarrhea (Fig. 3.126) - p. 381 554. 86. Infertility (Fig. 3.127) - p. 382 555. 87. Jaundice (Fig. 3.129) - p. 384 556. 88. Joint Effusion (Fig. 3.130) - p. 386 557. 89. Liver Function Test Elevations (Fig. 3.131) - p. 387 558. 90. Liver Mass (Fig. 3.132) - p. 389 559. 91. Lymphadenopathy, Generalized (Fig. 3.134) - p. 390 560. 92. Malabsorption, Suspected (Fig. 3.136) - p. 392 561. 93. Meningioma (Fig. 3.137) - p. 394 562. 94. Mesenteric Ischemia (Fig. 3.139) - p. 396 563. 95. Mesothelioma (Fig. 3.141) - p. 397 564. 96. Metabolic Acidosis (Fig. 3.143) - p. 398 565. 97. Metabolic Alkalosis (Fig. 3.144) - p. 399 566. 98. Microcytosis (Fig. 3.145) - p. 400 567. 99. Multiple Myeloma (Fig. 3.146) - p. 401 568. 100. Multiple Sclerosis (Fig. 3.148) - p. 402 569. 101. Myalgias (Fig. 3.151) - p. 403 570. 102. Muscle Weakness (Fig. 3.152, Table 3.21) - p. 404 571. 103. Neck Mass (Fig. 3.153) - p. 406 572. 104. Neck Pain (Fig. 3.154) - p. 407 573. 105. Neuropathy (Fig. 3.155) - p. 408 574. 106. Neutropenia (Fig. 3.156) - p. 409 575. 107. Osteomyelitis (Fig. 3.157) - p. 411 576. 108. Pancreatic Mass (Fig. 3.159) - p. 412 577. 109. Pancreatitis, Acute (Fig. 3.161) - p. 414 578. 110. Parapharyngeal Abscess (Fig. 3.163) - p. 416 579. 111. Pelvic Mass (Fig. 3.165) - p. 417 580. 112. Pelvic Pain, Female Patient (Figs. 3.167 and 3.168) - p. 418 581. 113. Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) (Fig. 3.169) - p. 420 582. 114. Pheochromocytoma (Fig. 3.171) - p. 422 583. 115. Pituitary Adenoma (Fig. 3.172) - p. 423 584. 116. Pleural Effusion (Fig. 3.175) - p. 425 585. 117. Polyarteritis Nodosa (Fig. 3.178) - p. 427 586. 118. Polycythemia (Fig. 3.180) - p. 428 587. 119. Portal Vein Thrombosis (Fig. 3.181) - p. 429 588. 120. Precocious Puberty (Fig. 3.184) - p. 431 589. 121. Proteinuria (Fig. 3.185) - p. 433 590. 122. Pruritus, Generalized (Fig. 3.186) - p. 434 591. 123. Pulmonary Embolism (Fig. 3.187, Table 3.27) - p. 436 592. 124. Pulmonary Hypertension (Fig. 3.189) - p. 438 593. 125. Pulmonary Nodule (Fig. 3.192) - p. 440 594. 126. Purpura (Fig. 3.193) - p. 441 595. 127. Red Eye (Fig. 3.194) - p. 442 596. 128. Renal Artery Stenosis (Fig. 3.195) - p. 444 597. 129. Renal Mass (Fig. 3.199) - p. 447 598. 130. Renal Tubular Acidosis (Fig. 3.201) - p. 448 599. 131. Rotator Cuff Tear (Fig. 3.203) - p. 450 600. 132. Sarcoidosis (Fig. 3.206) - p. 451 601. 133. Scrotal Mass (Fig. 3.208) - p. 452 602. 134. Small-Bowel Obstruction (Fig. 3.210) - p. 453 603. 135. Spinal Epidural Abscess (Fig. 3.213) - p. 455 604. 136. Splenomegaly (Fig. 3.215) - p. 456 605. 137. Stroke (Fig. 3.218) - p. 458 606. 138. Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (Fig. 3.221) - p. 460 607. 139. Subclavian Steal Syndrome (Fig. 3.224) - p. 461 608. 140. Subdural Hematoma (Fig. 3.226) - p. 462 609. 141. Superior Vena Cava Syndrome (Fig. 3.228) - p. 463 610. 142. Syncope (Fig. 3.232) - p. 466 611. 143. Testicular Mass (Fig. 3.234) - p. 468 612. 144. Testicular Torsion (Fig. 3.235) - p. 469 613. 145. Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (Fig. 3.238) - p. 471 614. 146. Thrombocytopenia (Fig. 3.240) - p. 473 615. 147. Thrombocytosis (Fig. 3.241) - p. 474 616. 148. Thyroid Nodule (Fig. 3.242) - p. 475 617. 149. Thyroiditis (Fig. 3.243) - p. 476 618. 150. Tinnitus (Fig. 3.245) - p. 477 619. 151. Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) (FIG. 3.246) - p. 478 620. 152. Urethral Discharge (Fig. 3.247) - p. 479 621. 153. Urolithiasis (Fig. 3.248) - p. 480 622. 154. Urticaria (Fig. 3.250) - p. 482 623. 155. Vaginal Discharge (Fig. 3.251) - p. 483 624. 156. Vertigo (Fig. 3.252) - p. 484 625. 157. Viral Hepatitis (Fig. 3.253) - p. 485 626. 158. Weight Gain (Fig. 3.254) - p. 486 627. 159. Weight Loss, Involuntary (Fig. 3.255) - p. 487 628. Appendix I. General Guidelines for Ordering Computed Tomography - p. 489 629. Appendix II. General Guidelines for Ordering Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA) - p. 491 630. Appendix III. General Guidelines for Ordering Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) - p. 493 631. Appendix IV. The Electrocardiogram (ECG) - p. 495 632. Appendix V. Pulmonary Function Testing - p. 507 633. Index - p. 517
Clinicians at all levels must consider a myriad of tests in the diagnostic process, requiring an up-to-date understanding of changing technology and the demands of time- and cost-efficiency. Ferri's Best Test, 5th Edition, is a unique, easy-to-use guide that simplifies complex information and helps you choose the best test to supplement your clinical diagnostic skills. It includes both lab and imaging tests for concise, convenient access to all diagnostic test options for more than 200 common diseases and disorders.
1. Cover image - p. i 2. Title page - p. ii 3. Table of Contents - p. iii 4. Copyright - p. iv 5. Preface - p. v 6. Acknowledgments - p. vii 7. Section I. Diagnostic Imaging - p. 1 8. Section I Diagnostic Imaging - p. 1 9. A. Abdominal and Gastrointestinal (GI) Imaging - p. 4 10. B. Breast Imaging - p. 42 11. C. Cardiac Imaging - p. 48 12. D. Chest Imaging - p. 66 13. E. Endocrine Imaging - p. 74 14. F. Genitourinary Imaging - p. 78 15. G. Musculoskeletal and Spinal Cord Imaging - p. 88 16. H. Neuroimaging of Brain - p. 102 17. I. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) - p. 107 18. J. Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) - p. 109 19. K. Vascular Imaging - p. 110 20. L. Oncology - p. 135 21. Section II. Laboratory Values and Interpretation of Results - p. 139 22. ACE Level - p. 148 23. Acetone (Serum or Plasma) - p. 148 24. Acetylcholine Receptor (AChR) Antibody - p. 148 25. Acid Phosphatase (Serum) - p. 148 26. Acid Serum Test - p. 148 27. Activated Clotting Time (ACT) - p. 148 28. Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT) - p. 148 29. Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) - p. 148 30. Alanine Aminopeptidase - p. 149 31. Alanine Aminotransferase (alt, Formerly Serum Glutamic-Pyruvic Transaminase [SGPT]) - p. 149 32. Albumin (Serum) - p. 149 33. Alcohol Dehydrogenase - p. 149 34. Aldolase (Serum) - p. 149 35. Aldosterone (Plasma) - p. 149 36. Alkaline Phosphatase (Serum) - p. 150 37. Alpha-1-Antitrypsin (Serum) - p. 151 38. Alpha-1-Fetoprotein (Serum) - p. 151 39. ALT - p. 151 40. Aluminum (Serum) - p. 151 41. AMA - p. 151 42. Amebiasis Serologic Test - p. 152 43. Aminolevulinic Acid (d-ALA) (24-Hour Urine Collection) - p. 152 44. Ammonia (Serum) - p. 152 45. Amylase (Serum) - p. 152 46. Amylase, Urine - p. 152 47. Amyloid A Protein (Serum) - p. 152 48. ANA - p. 152 49. Anaplasma Phagocytophilum (HGA) - p. 152 50. ANCA - p. 152 51. Androstenedione (Serum) - p. 153 52. Angiotensin II - p. 153 53. Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Level - p. 153 54. ANH - p. 153 55. Anion Gap - p. 153 56. Anticardiolipin Antibody (ACA) - p. 153 57. Anticentromere Antibody - p. 153 58. Anticoagulant - p. 154 59. Antidiuretic Hormone - p. 154 60. Anti-DNA - p. 154 61. Anti-dsDNA - p. 155 62. Antiglobulin Test, Direct - p. 155 63. Antiglobulin Test, Indirect - p. 155 64. Antiglomerular Basement Antibody - p. 155 65. Anti-HCV - p. 155 66. Antihistone - p. 155 67. Anti-Jo-1 - p. 155 68. Antimitochondrial Antibody (AMA) - p. 155 69. Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody (ANCA) - p. 155 70. Antinuclear Antibody (ANA) - p. 155 71. Antiphospholipid Antibody - p. 156 72. Anti-RNP Antibody - p. 156 73. Anti-Scl-70 - p. 156 74. Anti-Smith (Anti-Sm) Antibody - p. 157 75. Anti-Smooth Muscle Antibody - p. 157 76. Antistreptolysin O Titer (Streptozyme, ASLO Titer) - p. 157 77. Antithrombin III - p. 157 78. Apolipoprotein A-1 (Apo A-1) - p. 157 79. Apolipoprotein B (Apo B) - p. 157 80. Arterial Blood Gases - p. 157 81. Arthrocentesis Fluid - p. 160 82. ASLO Titer - p. 160 83. Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST, Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase [SGOT]) - p. 160 84. Atrial Natriuretic Hormone (ANH) - p. 161 85. Basophil Count - p. 161 86. Beta-2 Microglobulin - p. 161 87. Bicarbonate - p. 161 88. Bile Acid Breath Test - p. 161 89. Bile, Urine - p. 161 90. Bilirubin, Direct (Conjugated Bilirubin) - p. 162 91. Bilirubin, Indirect (Unconjugated Bilirubin) - p. 162 92. Bilirubin, Total - p. 162 93. Bilirubin, Urine - p. 162 94. Bladder Tumor–Associated Antigen - p. 162 95. Bleeding Time (Modified IVY Method) - p. 162 96. Blood Type - p. 163 97. Blood Volume, Total - p. 165 98. Bordetella pertussis Serology - p. 165 99. BRCA-1, BRCA-2 - p. 165 100. Breath Hydrogen Test - p. 165 101. B-Type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) - p. 165 102. BUN - p. 166 103. C3 - p. 166 104. C4 - p. 166 105. CA 15-3 - p. 166 106. CA 19-9 - p. 166 107. CA 27-29 - p. 166 108. CA 72-4 - p. 166 109. CA 125 - p. 166 110. Calcitonin (Serum) - p. 166 111. Calcium (Serum) - p. 166 112. Calcium, Urine - p. 167 113. Cancer Antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3) - p. 167 114. Cancer Antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) - p. 167 115. Cancer Antigen 27-29 (CA 27-29) - p. 167 116. Cancer Antigen 72-4 (CA 72-4) - p. 169 117. Cancer Antigen 125 (CA-125) - p. 169 118. Captopril Stimulation Test - p. 169 119. Carbamazepine (Tegretol) - p. 169 120. Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9 - p. 169 121. Carbon Dioxide, Partial Pressure - p. 170 122. Carbon Monoxide - p. 170 123. Carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) - p. 170 124. Cardiac Markers (Serum) - p. 170 125. Cardiac Troponins - p. 171 126. Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) - p. 171 127. Cardio-CRP - p. 172 128. Carotene (Serum) - p. 172 129. Catecholamines, Urine - p. 172 130. CBC - p. 172 131. CCK - p. 172 132. CCK-PZ - p. 172 133. CCP IgG Antibody - p. 172 134. CD4 T-Lymphocyte Count (CD4 T-Cells) - p. 172 135. CD40 Ligand - p. 173 136. CEA - p. 173 137. Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) - p. 173 138. Ceruloplasmin (Serum) - p. 176 139. Chlamydia Group Antibody Serologic Test - p. 176 140. Chlamydia trachomatis Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (NAAT) - p. 176 141. Chlamydia trachomatis Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) - p. 176 142. Chloride (Serum) - p. 176 143. Chloride (Sweat) - p. 177 144. Chloride, Urine - p. 177 145. Cholecystokinin-Pancreozymin (CCK, CCK-PZ) - p. 177 146. Cholesterol, Low-Density Lipoprotein - p. 177 147. Cholesterol, High-Density Lipoprotein - p. 177 148. Cholesterol, Total - p. 177 149. Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG), Human (Serum) - p. 177 150. Chymotrypsin - p. 178 151. Circulating Anticoagulant (Antiphospholipid Antibody, Lupus Anticoagulant) - p. 178 152. CK - p. 178 153. Clonidine Suppression Test - p. 178 154. Clostridium (Clostridioides) difficile Toxin Assay (Stool) - p. 178 155. CO - p. 178 156. Coagulation Factors - p. 178 157. Cold Agglutinins Titer - p. 180 158. Complement (C3, C4) - p. 180 159. Complete Blood Cell (CBC) Count (Normal Values) - p. 181 160. Conjugated Bilirubin - p. 182 161. Coombs, Direct - p. 182 162. Coombs, Indirect (Antiglobulin, Indirect) - p. 182 163. Copper (Serum) - p. 183 164. Copper, Urine - p. 183 165. Coronavirus - p. 183 166. Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone (CRH) Stimulation Test - p. 183 167. Cortisol (Plasma) - p. 183 168. COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) - p. 183 169. C-Peptide - p. 184 170. CPK - p. 184 171. C-Reactive Protein (CRP) - p. 184 172. Creatinine Clearance - p. 184 173. Creatine Kinase (CK), Creatine Phosphokinase (CPK) - p. 185 174. Creatine Kinase Isoenzymes - p. 185 175. Creatinine (Serum) - p. 186 176. Creatinine, Urine - p. 186 177. Cryoglobulins (Serum) - p. 186 178. Cryptosporidium Antigen by Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA) (Stool) - p. 186 179. CSF - p. 186 180. Cystatin C - p. 186 181. Cystic Fibrosis Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) - p. 187 182. Cytomegalovirus by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) - p. 187 183. DAT - p. 187 184. d-Dimer - p. 187 185. Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate - p. 187 186. Deoxycorticosterone (11-Deoxycorticosterone, doc), Serum - p. 187 187. Dexamethasone Suppression Test, Overnight - p. 188 188. Digoxin - p. 188 189. Dihydrotestosterone, Serum, Urine - p. 188 190. Dilantin - p. 189 191. Direct Antiglobulin Test (DAT, Coombs Test Direct) - p. 189 192. Disaccharide Absorption Tests - p. 190 193. DOC - p. 190 194. Donath-Landsteiner (D-L) Test for Paroxysmal Cold Hemoglobinuria - p. 190 195. Dopamine - p. 190 196. d-Xylose Absorption Test - p. 190 197. Electrolytes, Urine - p. 190 198. Electrophoresis, Hemoglobin - p. 190 199. Electrophoresis, Protein - p. 190 200. ENA Complex - p. 190 201. Endomysial Antibodies - p. 191 202. Eosinophil Count - p. 191 203. Epinephrine, Plasma - p. 191 204. Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Serology - p. 191 205. Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) (Westergren) - p. 192 206. Erythropoietin (EP) - p. 192 207. Estradiol (Serum) - p. 192 208. Estrogens, Total - p. 192 209. Ethanol (Blood) - p. 193 210. Extractable Nuclear Antigen (ENA Complex, Anti-RNP Antibody, Anti-SM, Anti-Smith) - p. 193 211. Factor V Leiden - p. 193 212. FDP - p. 193 213. FENA - p. 193 214. Fecal fat, Qualitative - p. 193 215. Fecal fat, Quantitative (72-Hour Collection) - p. 193 216. Fecal Globin Immunochemical Test - p. 193 217. Ferritin (Serum) - p. 194 218. Fibrin Degradation Product (FDP) - p. 194 219. Fibrinogen - p. 194 220. 5-Hydroxyindole-Acetic Acid, Urine - p. 194 221. 5′ Nucleotidase - p. 194 222. Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody - p. 194 223. Folate (Folic Acid) - p. 194 224. Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) - p. 194 225. Fractional Excretion of Sodium (FENA) - p. 195 226. Free T4 - p. 195 227. Free Thyroxine Index - p. 195 228. FSH - p. 195 229. FTA-ABS (Serum) - p. 196 230. Furosemide Stimulation Test - p. 196 231. Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) - p. 196 232. Gastrin (Serum) - p. 196 233. Gastrin Stimulation Test - p. 196 234. Gliadin Antibodies, Immunoglobulin (Ig) A and IgG - p. 196 235. Glomerular Basement Membrane Antibody - p. 196 236. Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) - p. 196 237. Glucagon - p. 197 238. Glucose, Fasting - p. 198 239. Glucose, Postprandial - p. 198 240. Glucose Tolerance Test - p. 198 241. Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) Screen (Blood) - p. 198 242. γ-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) - p. 198 243. Glycated (Glycosylated) Hemoglobin (HbA1c) - p. 198 244. Glycohemoglobin - p. 199 245. Growth Hormone - p. 199 246. Growth Hormone–Releasing Hormone (GHRH) - p. 199 247. Growth Hormone Suppression Test (After Glucose) - p. 199 248. Ham Test (Acid Serum Test) - p. 199 249. Haptoglobin (Serum) - p. 199 250. HbA1c - p. 199 251. hCG Tumor Marker - p. 199 252. HDL - p. 200 253. Helicobacter pylori (Serology, Stool Antigen) - p. 200 254. Hematocrit - p. 200 255. Hemoglobin - p. 200 256. Hemoglobin (Hb) Electrophoresis - p. 201 257. Hemoglobin, Glycated - p. 201 258. Hemoglobin, Glycosylated - p. 201 259. Hemoglobin H - p. 202 260. Hemoglobin, Urine - p. 202 261. Hemosiderin, Urine - p. 202 262. Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia Antibodies - p. 202 263. Hepatitis A Antibody - p. 203 264. Hepatitis B Core Antibody - p. 203 265. Hepatitis B DNA - p. 203 266. Hepatitis Be Antigen (HBeAg) and Antibody - p. 204 267. Hepatitis B Surface Antibody - p. 204 268. Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) - p. 204 269. Hepatitis C Antibody (Anti-HCV) - p. 204 270. Hepatitis C Genotype - p. 204 271. Hepatitis C RNA - p. 205 272. Hepatitis D Antigen and Antibody - p. 205 273. Her-2/neu - p. 206 274. Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) - p. 206 275. Heterophil Antibody - p. 206 276. HFE Screen for Hereditary Hemochromatosis - p. 207 277. High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Cholesterol - p. 207 278. Homocysteine, Plasma - p. 207 279. Hs-CRP - p. 208 280. HSV - p. 208 281. Human Chorionic Gonadotropins (hCG) - p. 208 282. Human Herpes Virus 8 (HHV8) - p. 208 283. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Antibody, Type 1 (HIV-1) - p. 208 284. Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) - p. 209 285. Huntington Disease Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) - p. 209 286. 17-Hydroxyprogesterone - p. 210 287. Immune Complex Assay - p. 210 288. Immunoglobulin (Ig) - p. 210 289. Influenza A and B Tests - p. 211 290. INR - p. 211 291. Insulin Autoantibodies - p. 211 292. Insulin, Free - p. 211 293. Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1), Serum - p. 211 294. Insulin-Like Growth Factor II - p. 212 295. International Normalized Ratio (INR) - p. 212 296. Intrinsic Factor Antibodies - p. 212 297. Iron-Binding Capacity (Total Iron-Binding Capacity [TIBC]) - p. 212 298. Iron Saturation (% Transferrin Saturation) - p. 212 299. Iron, Serum - p. 213 300. Lactate (Blood) - p. 213 301. Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) - p. 213 302. Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) Isoenzymes - p. 213 303. Lactose Tolerance Test (Serum) - p. 213 304. LAP Score - p. 213 305. LDH - p. 214 306. LDL - p. 214 307. Lead - p. 214 308. Legionella pneumophila Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) - p. 214 309. Legionella Titer - p. 215 310. Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase (LAP) - p. 215 311. LH - p. 215 312. Lipase - p. 215 313. Lipoprotein (A) - p. 215 314. Lipoprotein Cholesterol, Low Density - p. 215 315. Lipoprotein Cholesterol, High Density - p. 215 316. Liver Kidney Microsome Type 1 (LKM1) Antibodies - p. 215 317. Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Cholesterol - p. 216 318. Lupus Anticoagulant (LA) Test - p. 216 319. Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Blood - p. 216 320. Lymphocytes - p. 216 321. Magnesium (Serum) - p. 216 322. Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - p. 217 323. Metanephrines, Urine - p. 217 324. Methylmalonic Acid, Serum - p. 217 325. Mitochondrial Antibody (Antimitochondrial Antibody [AMA]) - p. 217 326. Monocyte Count - p. 218 327. Mycoplasma pneumoniae Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) - p. 218 328. Myelin Basic Protein, Cerebrospinal Fluid - p. 218 329. Myoglobin, Urine - p. 218 330. Natriuretic Peptide - p. 218 331. Neisseria gonorrhoeae Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (NAAT) - p. 219 332. Neisseria gonorrhoeae Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) - p. 219 333. Neutrophil Count - p. 219 334. Norepinephrine - p. 219 335. Osmolality, Serum - p. 219 336. Osmolality, Urine - p. 219 337. Osmotic Fragility Test - p. 219 338. Paracentesis Fluid - p. 220 339. Parathyroid Hormone - p. 221 340. Parietal Cell Antibodies - p. 221 341. Partial Thromboplastin Time (PTT), Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT) - p. 221 342. Pepsinogen I - p. 222 343. PFA - p. 222 344. pH, Blood - p. 222 345. Phenobarbital - p. 222 346. Phenytoin (Dilantin) - p. 222 347. Phosphatase, Acid - p. 222 348. Phosphatase, Alkaline - p. 222 349. Phosphate (Serum) - p. 222 350. pH, Urine - p. 223 351. Plasminogen - p. 223 352. Platelet Aggregation - p. 223 353. Platelet Antibodies - p. 223 354. Platelet Count - p. 224 355. Platelet Function Analysis (PFA) 100 Assay - p. 224 356. Potassium (Serum) - p. 225 357. Potassium, Urine - p. 226 358. Progesterone, Serum - p. 226 359. Prolactin - p. 226 360. Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) - p. 227 361. Prostatic Acid Phosphatase - p. 227 362. Protein (Serum) - p. 227 363. Protein C Assay - p. 227 364. Protein Electrophoresis (Serum) - p. 227 365. Protein S Assay - p. 229 366. Prothrombin Time (PT) - p. 229 367. Protoporphyrin (Free Erythrocyte) - p. 229 368. PSA - p. 229 369. PT - p. 229 370. PTT - p. 230 371. Pulse Oximetry - p. 230 372. Quantiferon-TB - p. 230 373. Rapid Plasma Reagin - p. 230 374. RDW - p. 230 375. Red Blood Cell Count - p. 230 376. Red Blood Cell Distribution Width (RDW) - p. 231 377. Red Blood Cell Folate - p. 231 378. Red Blood Cell Mass (Volume) - p. 231 379. Renin (Serum) - p. 231 380. Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Screen - p. 231 381. Reticulocyte Count - p. 232 382. Rheumatoid Factor - p. 232 383. RNP - p. 232 384. Rotavirus Serology - p. 232 385. RPR - p. 232 386. SARS-CoV-2 - p. 233 387. SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies - p. 233 388. Sedimentation Rate - p. 234 389. Semen Analysis - p. 234 390. SGOT - p. 234 391. SGPT - p. 234 392. Sickle Cell Test - p. 234 393. Smooth Muscle Antibody - p. 234 394. Sodium (Serum) - p. 234 395. Streptozyme - p. 235 396. Sucrose Hemolysis Test (Sugar Water Test) - p. 235 397. Sudan III Stain (Qualitative Screening for Fecal Fat) - p. 236 398. T3 (Triiodothyronine) - p. 236 399. T3 Resin Uptake (T3RU) - p. 236 400. T4, Serum T4, and Free (Free Thyroxine) - p. 236 401. Serum Free T4 - p. 236 402. Tegretol - p. 236 403. Testosterone - p. 236 404. Theophylline - p. 236 405. Thiamine - p. 236 406. Thoracentesis Fluid - p. 238 407. Thrombin Time (TT) - p. 238 408. Thyroglobulin - p. 238 409. Thyroid-Binding Globulin (TBG) - p. 239 410. Thyroid Microsomal Antibodies - p. 239 411. Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) - p. 239 412. Thyrotropin (Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone [TSH]) Receptor Antibodies - p. 240 413. Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH) Stimulation Test - p. 240 414. TIBC - p. 240 415. Tissue Transglutaminase Antibody - p. 241 416. Transferrin - p. 241 417. Triglycerides - p. 241 418. Triiodothyronine - p. 241 419. Troponins, Serum - p. 241 420. TSH - p. 241 421. TT - p. 242 422. Unconjugated Bilirubin - p. 242 423. Urea Nitrogen - p. 242 424. Uric Acid (Serum) - p. 242 425. Urinalysis - p. 243 426. Urine Amylase - p. 245 427. Urine Bile - p. 245 428. Urine Calcium - p. 245 429. Urine camp - p. 245 430. Urine Catecholamines - p. 245 431. Urine Chloride - p. 246 432. Urine Copper - p. 246 433. Urine Cortisol, Free - p. 246 434. Urine Creatinine (24-Hour) - p. 246 435. Urine Crystals - p. 246 436. Urine Eosinophils - p. 246 437. Urine 5-Hydroxyindole-Acetic Acid (Urine 5-HIAA) - p. 246 438. Urine Glucose (Qualitative) - p. 246 439. Urine Hemoglobin, Free - p. 246 440. Urine Hemosiderin - p. 247 441. Urine Indican - p. 247 442. Urine Ketones (Semiquantitative) - p. 247 443. Urine Metanephrines - p. 247 444. Urine Myoglobin - p. 247 445. Urine Nitrite - p. 247 446. Urine Occult Blood - p. 247 447. Urine Osmolality - p. 247 448. Urine pH - p. 248 449. Urine Phosphate - p. 248 450. Urine Potassium - p. 248 451. Urine Protein (Quantitative) - p. 248 452. Urine Sodium (Quantitative) - p. 248 453. Urine Specific Gravity - p. 248 454. Urine Vanillylmandelic Acid (VMA) - p. 249 455. Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) Serologic Testing - p. 249 456. Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) - p. 249 457. Venereal Disease Research Laboratories (VDRL) - p. 249 458. VIP - p. 250 459. Viscosity (Serum) - p. 250 460. Vitamin B12 - p. 250 461. Vitamin D, 1,25 Dihydroxy Calciferol, Vitamin D 25(OH)D (25-Hydroxyvitamin D) - p. 251 462. Vitamin K - p. 251 463. von Willebrand Factor - p. 252 464. WBCs - p. 252 465. Westergren - p. 252 466. White Blood Cell Count - p. 252 467. Section III. Diseases and Disorders - p. 253 468. Acronyms - p. 257 469. 1. Abdominal Abscess (Fig. 3.1) - p. 259 470. 2. Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (Fig. 3.3) - p. 261 471. 3. Abdominal Pain (Fig. 3.5) - p. 262 472. 4. Achalasia (Fig. 3.6) - p. 264 473. 5. Acid-Base Disorders (Figs. 3.9 and 3.10) - p. 265 474. 6. Acute Kidney Injury (Fig. 3.11) - p. 268 475. 7. Addison Disease (Adrenal Insufficiency) (Fig. 3.12) - p. 269 476. 8. Adrenal Incidentaloma (Fig. 3.13) - p. 270 477. 9. Adrenal Mass (Fig. 3.15) - p. 272 478. 10. Alkaline Phosphatase Elevation (Fig. 3.17) - p. 274 479. 11. ALT/AST Elevation (Fig. 3.18) - p. 275 480. 12. Amenorrhea, Primary (Fig. 3.19) - p. 276 481. 13. Amenorrhea, Secondary (Fig. 3.20) - p. 277 482. 14. Anemia, Macrocytic (Fig. 3.21) - p. 278 483. 15. Anemia, Microcytic (Fig. 3.22) - p. 279 484. 16. Anisocoria (Fig. 3.23) - p. 280 485. 17. Antinuclear Antibody (ANA)–Positive (Fig. 3.24) - p. 282 486. 18. Aortic Dissection (Fig. 3.25) - p. 284 487. 19. Appendicitis (Fig. 3.29) - p. 286 488. 20. Ascites (Fig. 3.31) - p. 287 489. 21. Avascular Necrosis (Fig. 3.33) - p. 290 490. 22. Back Pain, Acute, Lumbosacral (LS) Area (Fig. 3.35) - p. 291 491. 23. Bilirubin Elevation (Fig. 3.36) - p. 293 492. 24. Bleeding Disorder, Congenital (Fig. 3.37) - p. 296 493. 25. Brain Abscess (Fig. 3.38) - p. 297 494. 26. Breast Mass (Fig. 3.40) - p. 298 495. 27. Carcinoid Syndrome (FIG. 3.43) - p. 300 496. 28. Cardiomegaly on Chest Radiograph (Fig. 3.45) - p. 301 497. 29. Chest Pain (Fig. 3.48) - p. 302 498. 30. Cholangitis (Fig. 3.49) - p. 305 499. 31. Cholecystitis (Fig. 3.51) - p. 307 500. 32. Cholelithiasis (Fig. 3.54) - p. 309 501. 33. Chronic Cough (Fig. 3.56) - p. 310 502. 34. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (Fig. 3.57) - p. 312 503. 35. Colon Ischemia (Fig. 3.58) - p. 313 504. 36. Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy [RSD]) (Fig. 3.59) - p. 314 505. 37. Constipation (Fig. 3.61) - p. 315 506. 38. Creatinine Phosphokinase (CPK) Elevation (Fig. 3.62) - p. 316 507. 39. Cushing Syndrome (Figs. 3.64 and 3.65 Table 3.12) - p. 317 508. 40. Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) (Fig. 3.66, Table 3.13) - p. 321 509. 41. Delayed Puberty (Fig. 3.68) - p. 323 510. 42. Delirium (Fig. 3.69) - p. 324 511. 43. Diarrhea (Figs. 3.70 and 3.71) - p. 325 512. 44. Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) (Fig. 3.72) - p. 328 513. 45. Diverticulitis (FIG. 3.73) - p. 329 514. 46. Dyspepsia (Fig. 3.75) - p. 330 515. 47. Dyspnea (Fig. 3.76) - p. 331 516. 48. Dysuria (Fig. 3.77) - p. 332 517. 49. Ectopic Pregnancy (Fig. 3.78) - p. 333 518. 50. Edema, Lower Extremity (Fig. 3.81) - p. 335 519. 51. Endocarditis, Infective (Fig. 3.82, Table 3.14) - p. 237 520. 52. Endometriosis (Fig. 3.84) - p. 339 521. 53. Epiglottitis (Fig. 3.86) - p. 340 522. 54. Fatigue (Fig. 3.88) - p. 342 523. 55. Fever and Neutropenia (Fig. 3.89) - p. 343 524. 56. Fever of Undetermined Origin (FUO) (Fig. 3.90) - p. 344 525. 57. Galactorrhea (Fig. 3.91) - p. 345 526. 58. Genital Lesions/Ulcers (Fig. 3.93) - p. 347 527. 59. Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis (Wegener Granulomatosis) (Fig. 3.94) - p. 348 528. 60. Goiter (Fig. 3.96) - p. 349 529. 61. Gynecomastia (Fig. 3.97) - p. 350 530. 62. Hearing Loss (Fig. 3.98) - p. 351 531. 63. Hematochezia (Fig. 3.99) - p. 352 532. 64. Hematuria (Fig. 3.100) - p. 353 533. 65. Hemochromatosis (Fig. 3.102) - p. 356 534. 66. Hemoptysis (Fig. 3.103) - p. 357 535. 67. Hepatomegaly (Fig. 3.105) - p. 358 536. 68. Hirsutism (Fig. 3.106) - p. 359 537. 69. Hyperaldosteronism (Fig. 3.107) - p. 359 538. 70. Hypercalcemia (Fig. 3.108) - p. 361 539. 71. Hyperkalemia (Fig. 3.109) - p. 362 540. 72. Hypermagnesemia (Fig. 3.110) - p. 363 541. 73. Hypernatremia (Fig. 3.111) - p. 364 542. 74. Hyperphosphatemia (Fig. 3.112) - p. 365 543. 75. Hyperthyroidism (Fig. 3.113) - p. 366 544. 76. Hypocalcemia (Fig. 3.114) - p. 367 545. 77. Hypoglycemia (Fig. 3.115) - p. 368 546. 78. Hypogonadism (Fig. 3.118) - p. 369 547. 79. Hypokalemia (Fig. 3.119) - p. 371 548. 80. Hypomagnesemia (Fig. 3.120) - p. 373 549. 81. Hyponatremia (Fig. 3.121) - p. 375 550. 82. Hypophosphatemia (Fig. 3.122) - p. 376 551. 83. Hypothyroidism (Fig. 3.123) - p. 376 552. 84. Immunodeficiency (Fig. 3.124) - p. 378 553. 85. Infectious Diarrhea (Fig. 3.126) - p. 381 554. 86. Infertility (Fig. 3.127) - p. 382 555. 87. Jaundice (Fig. 3.129) - p. 384 556. 88. Joint Effusion (Fig. 3.130) - p. 386 557. 89. Liver Function Test Elevations (Fig. 3.131) - p. 387 558. 90. Liver Mass (Fig. 3.132) - p. 389 559. 91. Lymphadenopathy, Generalized (Fig. 3.134) - p. 390 560. 92. Malabsorption, Suspected (Fig. 3.136) - p. 392 561. 93. Meningioma (Fig. 3.137) - p. 394 562. 94. Mesenteric Ischemia (Fig. 3.139) - p. 396 563. 95. Mesothelioma (Fig. 3.141) - p. 397 564. 96. Metabolic Acidosis (Fig. 3.143) - p. 398 565. 97. Metabolic Alkalosis (Fig. 3.144) - p. 399 566. 98. Microcytosis (Fig. 3.145) - p. 400 567. 99. Multiple Myeloma (Fig. 3.146) - p. 401 568. 100. Multiple Sclerosis (Fig. 3.148) - p. 402 569. 101. Myalgias (Fig. 3.151) - p. 403 570. 102. Muscle Weakness (Fig. 3.152, Table 3.21) - p. 404 571. 103. Neck Mass (Fig. 3.153) - p. 406 572. 104. Neck Pain (Fig. 3.154) - p. 407 573. 105. Neuropathy (Fig. 3.155) - p. 408 574. 106. Neutropenia (Fig. 3.156) - p. 409 575. 107. Osteomyelitis (Fig. 3.157) - p. 411 576. 108. Pancreatic Mass (Fig. 3.159) - p. 412 577. 109. Pancreatitis, Acute (Fig. 3.161) - p. 414 578. 110. Parapharyngeal Abscess (Fig. 3.163) - p. 416 579. 111. Pelvic Mass (Fig. 3.165) - p. 417 580. 112. Pelvic Pain, Female Patient (Figs. 3.167 and 3.168) - p. 418 581. 113. Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) (Fig. 3.169) - p. 420 582. 114. Pheochromocytoma (Fig. 3.171) - p. 422 583. 115. Pituitary Adenoma (Fig. 3.172) - p. 423 584. 116. Pleural Effusion (Fig. 3.175) - p. 425 585. 117. Polyarteritis Nodosa (Fig. 3.178) - p. 427 586. 118. Polycythemia (Fig. 3.180) - p. 428 587. 119. Portal Vein Thrombosis (Fig. 3.181) - p. 429 588. 120. Precocious Puberty (Fig. 3.184) - p. 431 589. 121. Proteinuria (Fig. 3.185) - p. 433 590. 122. Pruritus, Generalized (Fig. 3.186) - p. 434 591. 123. Pulmonary Embolism (Fig. 3.187, Table 3.27) - p. 436 592. 124. Pulmonary Hypertension (Fig. 3.189) - p. 438 593. 125. Pulmonary Nodule (Fig. 3.192) - p. 440 594. 126. Purpura (Fig. 3.193) - p. 441 595. 127. Red Eye (Fig. 3.194) - p. 442 596. 128. Renal Artery Stenosis (Fig. 3.195) - p. 444 597. 129. Renal Mass (Fig. 3.199) - p. 447 598. 130. Renal Tubular Acidosis (Fig. 3.201) - p. 448 599. 131. Rotator Cuff Tear (Fig. 3.203) - p. 450 600. 132. Sarcoidosis (Fig. 3.206) - p. 451 601. 133. Scrotal Mass (Fig. 3.208) - p. 452 602. 134. Small-Bowel Obstruction (Fig. 3.210) - p. 453 603. 135. Spinal Epidural Abscess (Fig. 3.213) - p. 455 604. 136. Splenomegaly (Fig. 3.215) - p. 456 605. 137. Stroke (Fig. 3.218) - p. 458 606. 138. Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (Fig. 3.221) - p. 460 607. 139. Subclavian Steal Syndrome (Fig. 3.224) - p. 461 608. 140. Subdural Hematoma (Fig. 3.226) - p. 462 609. 141. Superior Vena Cava Syndrome (Fig. 3.228) - p. 463 610. 142. Syncope (Fig. 3.232) - p. 466 611. 143. Testicular Mass (Fig. 3.234) - p. 468 612. 144. Testicular Torsion (Fig. 3.235) - p. 469 613. 145. Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (Fig. 3.238) - p. 471 614. 146. Thrombocytopenia (Fig. 3.240) - p. 473 615. 147. Thrombocytosis (Fig. 3.241) - p. 474 616. 148. Thyroid Nodule (Fig. 3.242) - p. 475 617. 149. Thyroiditis (Fig. 3.243) - p. 476 618. 150. Tinnitus (Fig. 3.245) - p. 477 619. 151. Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) (FIG. 3.246) - p. 478 620. 152. Urethral Discharge (Fig. 3.247) - p. 479 621. 153. Urolithiasis (Fig. 3.248) - p. 480 622. 154. Urticaria (Fig. 3.250) - p. 482 623. 155. Vaginal Discharge (Fig. 3.251) - p. 483 624. 156. Vertigo (Fig. 3.252) - p. 484 625. 157. Viral Hepatitis (Fig. 3.253) - p. 485 626. 158. Weight Gain (Fig. 3.254) - p. 486 627. 159. Weight Loss, Involuntary (Fig. 3.255) - p. 487 628. Appendix I. General Guidelines for Ordering Computed Tomography - p. 489 629. Appendix II. General Guidelines for Ordering Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA) - p. 491 630. Appendix III. General Guidelines for Ordering Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) - p. 493 631. Appendix IV. The Electrocardiogram (ECG) - p. 495 632. Appendix V. Pulmonary Function Testing - p. 507 633. Index - p. 517
