Offering the comprehensive, authoritative information needed for effective diagnosis, treatment, and management of sick and premature infants, Fetal and Neonatal Physiology, 6th Edition, is an invaluable resource for board review, clinical rounds, scientific research, and day-to-day practice. This trusted two-volume text synthesizes recent advances in the field into definitive guidance for today’s busy practitioner, focusing on the basic science needed for exam preparation and key information required for full-time practice. It stands alone as the most complete text available in this complex and fast-changing field, yet is easy to use for everyday application.
Offers definitive guidance on how to effectively manage the many health problems seen in newborn and premature infants.
Contains new chapters on Pathophysiology of Genetic Neonatal Disease, Genetic Variants and Neonatal Disease, and Developmental Biology of Lung Stem Cells, as well as significantly revised chapters on Cellular Mechanisms of Neonatal Brain Injury, Neuroprotective Therapeutic Hypothermia, Enteric Nervous System Development and Gastrointestinal Motility, and Physiology of Twin-Twin Transfusion.
Features 1,000 full-color diagrams, graphs and anatomic illustrations, 170 chapters, and more than 350 global contributors.
Includes chapters devoted to clinical correlation that help explain the implications of fetal and neonatal physiology, as well as clinical applications boxes throughout.
Provides summary boxes at the end of each chapter and extensive cross-referencing between chapters for quick reference and review.
Allows you to apply the latest insights on genetic therapy, intrauterine infections, brain protection and neuroimaging, and much more.
1. Cover image - p. i 2. Title page - p. ii 3. Disclaimer - p. ii 4. Table of Contents - p. iii 5. Copyright - p. iv 6. Dedicated To - p. v 7. Contributors - p. vi 8. Preface - p. xxxi 9. Section I. Genetics and Embryology - p. xxxi 10. 1. Basic Genetic Principles - p. 1 11. 2. Epigenetics - p. 11 12. 3. Basic Embryology - p. 23 13. 4. Regulation of Embryogenesis - p. 38 14. 5. The Extracellular Matrix in Development - p. 47 15. 6. Angiogenesis - p. 54 16. 7. Prenatal Diagnosis - p. 58 17. Section II. Placenta and Intrauterine Environment - p. 65 18. 8. Placental Development - p. 67 19. 9. Regulation of the Placental Circulation - p. 80 20. 10. Mechanisms of Transfer Across the Human Placenta - p. 89 21. 11. Endocrine and Paracrine Function of the Human Placenta - p. 101 22. 12. Intra-Amniotic Infection/Inflammation and the Fetal Inflammatory Response Syndrome - p. 111 23. 13. Fetal Origins of Adult Disease: A Classic Hypothesis With New Relevance - p. 129 24. 14. Placental Function in Intrauterine Growth Restriction - p. 137 25. Section III. Developmental Pharmacology - p. 149.e5 26. 15. Basic Pharmacologic Principles - p. 150 27. 16. Principles of Pharmacokinetics - p. 166 28. 17. The Physiology of Placental Drug Disposition - p. 173 29. 18. Pharmacogenomics - p. 187 30. 19. Drug Distribution in Fetal Life - p. 194 31. 20. Drug Transfer During Breastfeeding - p. 203 32. Section IV. Intrauterine and Postnatal Growth - p. 213.e4 33. 21. Placental and Fetal Circulatory and Metabolic Changes Accompanying Fetal Growth Restriction - p. 214 34. 22. Endocrine Factors Affecting Neonatal Growth - p. 224 35. 23. Human Milk Composition and Function in the Infant - p. 241 36. 24. Physiology of Lactation - p. 249 37. Section V. Perinatal Iron, Mineral, and Vitamin Metabolism - p. 256.e2 38. 25. Fetal and Neonatal Iron Metabolism - p. 257 39. 26. Fetal and Neonatal Calcium, Phosphorus, and Magnesium Homeostasis - p. 265 40. 27. Zinc in the Fetus and Neonate - p. 282 41. 28. Vitamin A Metabolism in the Fetus and Neonate - p. 287 42. 29. Vitamin E Nutrition in Pregnancy and the Newborn Infant - p. 295 43. 30. Vitamin K Metabolism in the Fetus and Neonate - p. 303 44. Section VI. Lipid Metabolism - p. 310.e1 45. 31. Maternal-Fetal Transfer of Lipid Metabolites - p. 311 46. 32. Brown Adipose Tissue: Development and Function - p. 323 47. 33. Lipids as an Energy Source for the Premature and Term Neonate - p. 332 48. 34. Ketone Body Metabolism in the Neonate - p. 339 49. 35. Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Neurodevelopment - p. 348 50. Section VII. Carbohydrate Metabolism - p. 357.e4 51. 36. Glucose Metabolism in the Fetus and Newborn, and Methods for Its Investigation - p. 358 52. 37. Oxygen Consumption and General Carbohydrate Metabolism of the Fetus - p. 368 53. 38. Role of Glucoregulatory Hormones in Hepatic Glucose Metabolism During the Perinatal Period - p. 382 54. 39. Cell Glucose Transport and Glucose Handling During Fetal and Neonatal Development - p. 392 55. Section VIII. Protein Metabolism - p. 399.e2 56. 40. General Concepts of Protein Metabolism - p. 400 57. 41. Placental Transfer and Fetal Requirements of Amino Acids - p. 408 58. Section IX. Thermoregulation - p. 422.e5 59. 42. Temperature Control in Newborn Infants - p. 423 60. Section X. Skin - p. 445.e2 61. 43. Structure and Development of the Skin and Cutaneous Appendages - p. 446 62. 44. Physiologic Development of the Skin - p. 454 63. Section XI. Fetal and Neonatal Cardiovascular Physiology - p. 472.e4 64. 45. Cardiovascular Development - p. 473 65. 46. Developmental Electrophysiology in the Fetus and Neonate - p. 482 66. 47. Developmental Biology of the Pulmonary Vasculature - p. 501 67. 48. Development of the Gastrointestinal Circulation in the Fetus and Newborn - p. 517 68. 49. Physiology of Congenital Heart Disease in the Neonate - p. 521 69. 50. Regulation of Cardiovascular Function During Fetal and Newborn Life - p. 534 70. 51. Nutritional and Environmental Effects on the Fetal Circulation - p. 545 71. 52. Mechanisms Regulating Closure of the Ductus Arteriosus - p. 553 72. 53. Umbilical Circulation - p. 564 73. 54. Fetal and Placental Circulation During Labor - p. 576 74. Section XII. The Lung - p. 584.e2 75. 55. Normal and Abnormal Structural Development of the Lung - p. 585 76. 56. Regulation of Alveolarization - p. 600 77. 57. Physiologic Mechanisms of Normal and Altered Lung Growth Before and After Birth - p. 605 78. 58. Molecular Mechanisms of Lung Development and Lung Branching Morphogenesis - p. 617 79. 59. Regulation of Liquid Secretion and Absorption by the Fetal and Neonatal Lung - p. 626 80. 60. Upper Airway Structure: Function, Regulation, and Development - p. 635 81. 61. Regulation of Lower Airway Function - p. 645 82. 62. Functional Development of Respiratory Muscles - p. 652 83. 63. Mechanics of Breathing - p. 665 84. 64. Pulmonary Gas Exchange in the Developing Lung - p. 673 85. 65. Oxygen Transport and Delivery - p. 684 86. 66. Control of Breathing in Fetal Life and Onset and Control of Breathing in the Neonate - p. 697 87. 67. Basic Mechanisms of Oxygen Sensing and Adaptation to Hypoxia - p. 707 88. 68. Evaluation of Pulmonary Function in the Neonate - p. 714 89. 69. Mechanisms of Neonatal Lung Injury - p. 728 90. 70. Impaired Lung Growth After Injury in Preterm Lung - p. 734 91. 71. Antenatal Factors That Influence Postnatal Lung Development and Injury - p. 748 92. 72. Regulation of Pulmonary Circulation - p. 757 93. Section XIII. Surfactant - p. 764.e4 94. 73. Historical Perspective - p. 765 95. 74. Developmental Biology of Lung Stem Cells - p. 768 96. 75. Surfactant Homeostasis: Composition and Function of Pulmonary Surfactant Lipids and Proteins - p. 776 97. 76. Structure and Development of Alveolar Epithelial Cells - p. 787 98. 77. Regulation of Surfactant-Associated Phospholipid Synthesis and Secretion - p. 792 99. 78. Antenatal Hormonal Therapy for Prevention of Respiratory Distress Syndrome - p. 804 100. 79. Surfactant Treatment - p. 813 101. 80. Genetics and Physiology of Surfactant Protein Deficiencies - p. 825 102. Section XVI. Physiology of Gastrointestinal Tract in the Fetus and Neonate - p. 837.e3 103. 81. Trophic Factors and Regulation of Gastrointestinal Tract and Liver Development - p. 838 104. 82. Organogenesis of the Gastrointestinal Tract - p. 845 105. 83. Development of Gastric Secretory Function - p. 854 106. 84. Development of the Enteric Nervous System and Gastrointestinal Motility - p. 859 107. 85. Development of the Endocrine and Exocrine Pancreas - p. 868 108. 86. Digestive-Absorptive Functions in Fetuses, Infants, and Children - p. 881 109. 87. The Developing Microbiome of the Fetus and Neonate: A Multiomic Approach - p. 888 110. Section XV. Liver and Bilirubin Metabolism - p. 895.e2 111. 88. Organogenesis and Histologic Development of the Liver - p. 896 112. 89. Bile Acid Metabolism During Development - p. 901 113. 90. Fetal and Neonatal Bilirubin Metabolism - p. 915 114. 91. Hereditary Contributions to Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia - p. 919 115. 92. Mechanistic Aspects of Phototherapy for Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia - p. 930 116. Section XVI. The Kidney - p. 940 117. 93. Development of the Kidney: Morphology and Mechanisms - p. 941 118. 94. Functional Development of the Kidney in Utero - p. 954 119. 95. Development and Regulation of Renal Blood Flow in the Neonate - p. 965 120. 96. Postnatal Development of Glomerular Filtration Rate in Neonates - p. 975 121. 97. Renal Transport of Sodium During Development - p. 984 122. 98. Potassium Homeostasis in the Fetus and Neonate - p. 992 123. 99. Role of the Kidney in Calcium and Phosphorus Homeostasis - p. 1006 124. 100. Transport of Amino Acids in the Fetus and Neonate - p. 1018 125. 101. Organic Anion Transport in the Developing Kidney - p. 1024 126. 102. Concentration and Dilution of Urine - p. 1030 127. 103. Urinary Acidification - p. 1047 128. 104. Response to Nephron Loss in Early Development - p. 1056 129. Section XVII. Fluid and Electrolyte Metabolism - p. 1063.e4 130. 105. Fluid Distribution in the Fetusand Neonate - p. 1064 131. 106. Regulation of Acid-Base Balance in the Fetus and Neonate - p. 1076 132. Section XVIII. Developmental Hematopoiesis - p. 1081.e2 133. 107. Developmental Biology of Hematopoietic Stem Cells - p. 1082 134. 108. Neutrophil Granulopoiesis and Homeostasis - p. 1093 135. 109. Developmental Erythropoiesis - p. 1104 136. 110. Developmental Megakaryopoiesis - p. 1125 137. Section XIX. Hemostasis - p. 1144.e6 138. 111. Developmental Hemostasis - p. 1145 139. 112. Platelet–Vessel Wall Interactions - p. 1153 140. Section XX. Developmental Immunobiology - p. 1157 141. 113. Host Defense Mechanisms Against Bacteria - p. 1158 142. 114. Host Defense Mechanisms Against Fungi - p. 1167 143. 115. Host Defense Mechanisms Against Viruses - p. 1172 144. 116. T-Cell Development - p. 1195 145. 117. B-Cell Development - p. 1200 146. 118. Mononuclear Phagocyte System - p. 1206 147. 119. Normal and Abnormal Neutrophil Physiology in the Newborn - p. 1215 148. 120. The Complement System of the Fetus and Newborn - p. 1232 149. 121. Cytokines and Inflammatory Response in the Fetus and Neonate - p. 1243 150. 122. Immunology of Human Milk - p. 1257 151. 123. Neonatal Pulmonary Host Defense - p. 1265 152. Section XXI. Neurology - p. 1296.e13 153. 124. Development of the Nervous System - p. 1297 154. 125. Mechanisms of Cell Death in the Developing Brain - p. 1318 155. 126. Development of the Blood-Brain Barrier - p. 1327 156. 127. Trophic Factor, Nutritional, and Hormonal Regulation of Brain Development - p. 1341 157. 128. Developmental Aspects of Pain - p. 1347 158. 129. Cerebellar Development—The Impact of Preterm Birth and Comorbidities - p. 1353 159. 130. Electroencephalography in the Preterm and Term Infant - p. 1367 160. 131. Intraventricular Hemorrhage in the Neonate - p. 1394 161. 132. Pathophysiology of Neonatal White Matter Injury - p. 1414 162. 133. Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Neonatal Brain Injury and Neuroprotection - p. 1422 163. 134. Neuroprotective Therapeutic Hypothermia - p. 1432 164. Section XXII. Special Sensory Systems in the Fetus and Neonate - p. 1439.e2 165. 135. Early Development of the Human Auditory System - p. 1440 166. 136. Development of Olfaction and Taste in the Human Fetus and Neonate - p. 1455 167. Section XXIII. Musculoskeletal - p. 1464.e3 168. 137. The Growth Plate: Embryologic Origin, Structure, and Function - p. 1465 169. 138. Ontogenesis of Striated Muscle - p. 1475 170. Section XXIV. Endocrine Function - p. 1494.e4 171. 139. Hypothalamus: Neuroendometabolic Center - p. 1495 172. 140. Growth Factor Regulation of Fetal Growth - p. 1505 173. 141. Growth Hormone, Prolactin, and Placental Lactogen in the Fetus and Newborn - p. 1514 174. 142. Luteinizing Hormone and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Secretion in the Fetus and Newborn Infant - p. 1520 175. 143. Development of the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis in the Fetus - p. 1532 176. 144. Fetal and Neonatal Adrenocortical Physiology - p. 1538 177. 145. Fetal and Neonatal Thyroid Physiology - p. 1546 178. Section XXV. Ovary and Testis - p. 1554.e1 179. 146. Genetics of Sex Determination and Differentiation - p. 1555 180. 147. Differentiation of the Ovary - p. 1566 181. 148. Testicular Development and Descent - p. 1574 182. Section XXVI. Pathophysiology of Neonatal Diseases - p. 1581.e2 183. 149. The Pathophysiology of Twin-Twin Transfusion Syndrome, Twin-Anemia Polycythemia Sequence, and Twin-Reversed Arterial Perfusion - p. 1582 184. 150. Physiology of Neonatal Resuscitation - p. 1589 185. 151. Pathophysiology of Neonatal Sepsis - p. 1606 186. 152. Pathophysiology of Neonatal Hypoglycemia - p. 1624 187. 153. Pathophysiology of Cardiomyopathies - p. 1633 188. 154. Pathophysiology of Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension ofthe Newborn - p. 1648 189. 155. Pathophysiology of Shock in theFetus and Neonate - p. 1662 190. 156. Pathophysiology of Apnea of Prematurity - p. 1671 191. 157. Pathophysiology of Respiratory Distress Syndrome - p. 1680 192. 158. Pathophysiology of Meconium Aspiration Syndrome - p. 1696 193. 159. Pathophysiology of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia - p. 1703 194. 160. Pathophysiology of Ventilator-Dependent Infants - p. 1710 195. 161. Pathophysiology of Gastroesophageal Reflux - p. 1722 196. 162. Pathophysiology and Prevention of Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis - p. 1732 197. 163. Pathophysiology of Kernicterus - p. 1738 198. 164. Pathophysiology of Neonatal AcuteKidney Injury - p. 1750 199. 165. Pathophysiology of Edema - p. 1760 200. 166. Pathophysiology of Retinopathy of Prematurity - p. 1765 201. 167. Pathophysiology of Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury - p. 1773 202. 168. Pathophysiology of Neonatal Acute Bacterial Meningitis - p. 1784 203. 169. Pathophysiology of NeuralTube Defects - p. 1797 204. 170. Pathophysiology of Preeclampsia - p. 1811 205. 171. Pathophysiology of Preterm Birth - p. 1820 206. 172. Pathophysiology of Chorioamnionitis: Host Immunity and Microbial Virulence - p. 1828 207. 173. Pathophysiology of Genetic Neonatal Disease - p. 1837 208. 174. Genetic Variants and Neonatal Disease - p. 1846 209. Index - p. i1
Offering the comprehensive, authoritative information needed for effective diagnosis, treatment, and management of sick and premature infants, Fetal and Neonatal Physiology, 6th Edition, is an invaluable resource for board review, clinical rounds, scientific research, and day-to-day practice. This trusted two-volume text synthesizes recent advances in the field into definitive guidance for today’s busy practitioner, focusing on the basic science needed for exam preparation and key information required for full-time practice. It stands alone as the most complete text available in this complex and fast-changing field, yet is easy to use for everyday application.
Offers definitive guidance on how to effectively manage the many health problems seen in newborn and premature infants.
Contains new chapters on Pathophysiology of Genetic Neonatal Disease, Genetic Variants and Neonatal Disease, and Developmental Biology of Lung Stem Cells, as well as significantly revised chapters on Cellular Mechanisms of Neonatal Brain Injury, Neuroprotective Therapeutic Hypothermia, Enteric Nervous System Development and Gastrointestinal Motility, and Physiology of Twin-Twin Transfusion.
Features 1,000 full-color diagrams, graphs and anatomic illustrations, 170 chapters, and more than 350 global contributors.
Includes chapters devoted to clinical correlation that help explain the implications of fetal and neonatal physiology, as well as clinical applications boxes throughout.
Provides summary boxes at the end of each chapter and extensive cross-referencing between chapters for quick reference and review.
Allows you to apply the latest insights on genetic therapy, intrauterine infections, brain protection and neuroimaging, and much more.
1. Cover image - p. i 2. Title page - p. ii 3. Disclaimer - p. ii 4. Table of Contents - p. iii 5. Copyright - p. iv 6. Dedicated To - p. v 7. Contributors - p. vi 8. Preface - p. xxxi 9. Section I. Genetics and Embryology - p. xxxi 10. 1. Basic Genetic Principles - p. 1 11. 2. Epigenetics - p. 11 12. 3. Basic Embryology - p. 23 13. 4. Regulation of Embryogenesis - p. 38 14. 5. The Extracellular Matrix in Development - p. 47 15. 6. Angiogenesis - p. 54 16. 7. Prenatal Diagnosis - p. 58 17. Section II. Placenta and Intrauterine Environment - p. 65 18. 8. Placental Development - p. 67 19. 9. Regulation of the Placental Circulation - p. 80 20. 10. Mechanisms of Transfer Across the Human Placenta - p. 89 21. 11. Endocrine and Paracrine Function of the Human Placenta - p. 101 22. 12. Intra-Amniotic Infection/Inflammation and the Fetal Inflammatory Response Syndrome - p. 111 23. 13. Fetal Origins of Adult Disease: A Classic Hypothesis With New Relevance - p. 129 24. 14. Placental Function in Intrauterine Growth Restriction - p. 137 25. Section III. Developmental Pharmacology - p. 149.e5 26. 15. Basic Pharmacologic Principles - p. 150 27. 16. Principles of Pharmacokinetics - p. 166 28. 17. The Physiology of Placental Drug Disposition - p. 173 29. 18. Pharmacogenomics - p. 187 30. 19. Drug Distribution in Fetal Life - p. 194 31. 20. Drug Transfer During Breastfeeding - p. 203 32. Section IV. Intrauterine and Postnatal Growth - p. 213.e4 33. 21. Placental and Fetal Circulatory and Metabolic Changes Accompanying Fetal Growth Restriction - p. 214 34. 22. Endocrine Factors Affecting Neonatal Growth - p. 224 35. 23. Human Milk Composition and Function in the Infant - p. 241 36. 24. Physiology of Lactation - p. 249 37. Section V. Perinatal Iron, Mineral, and Vitamin Metabolism - p. 256.e2 38. 25. Fetal and Neonatal Iron Metabolism - p. 257 39. 26. Fetal and Neonatal Calcium, Phosphorus, and Magnesium Homeostasis - p. 265 40. 27. Zinc in the Fetus and Neonate - p. 282 41. 28. Vitamin A Metabolism in the Fetus and Neonate - p. 287 42. 29. Vitamin E Nutrition in Pregnancy and the Newborn Infant - p. 295 43. 30. Vitamin K Metabolism in the Fetus and Neonate - p. 303 44. Section VI. Lipid Metabolism - p. 310.e1 45. 31. Maternal-Fetal Transfer of Lipid Metabolites - p. 311 46. 32. Brown Adipose Tissue: Development and Function - p. 323 47. 33. Lipids as an Energy Source for the Premature and Term Neonate - p. 332 48. 34. Ketone Body Metabolism in the Neonate - p. 339 49. 35. Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Neurodevelopment - p. 348 50. Section VII. Carbohydrate Metabolism - p. 357.e4 51. 36. Glucose Metabolism in the Fetus and Newborn, and Methods for Its Investigation - p. 358 52. 37. Oxygen Consumption and General Carbohydrate Metabolism of the Fetus - p. 368 53. 38. Role of Glucoregulatory Hormones in Hepatic Glucose Metabolism During the Perinatal Period - p. 382 54. 39. Cell Glucose Transport and Glucose Handling During Fetal and Neonatal Development - p. 392 55. Section VIII. Protein Metabolism - p. 399.e2 56. 40. General Concepts of Protein Metabolism - p. 400 57. 41. Placental Transfer and Fetal Requirements of Amino Acids - p. 408 58. Section IX. Thermoregulation - p. 422.e5 59. 42. Temperature Control in Newborn Infants - p. 423 60. Section X. Skin - p. 445.e2 61. 43. Structure and Development of the Skin and Cutaneous Appendages - p. 446 62. 44. Physiologic Development of the Skin - p. 454 63. Section XI. Fetal and Neonatal Cardiovascular Physiology - p. 472.e4 64. 45. Cardiovascular Development - p. 473 65. 46. Developmental Electrophysiology in the Fetus and Neonate - p. 482 66. 47. Developmental Biology of the Pulmonary Vasculature - p. 501 67. 48. Development of the Gastrointestinal Circulation in the Fetus and Newborn - p. 517 68. 49. Physiology of Congenital Heart Disease in the Neonate - p. 521 69. 50. Regulation of Cardiovascular Function During Fetal and Newborn Life - p. 534 70. 51. Nutritional and Environmental Effects on the Fetal Circulation - p. 545 71. 52. Mechanisms Regulating Closure of the Ductus Arteriosus - p. 553 72. 53. Umbilical Circulation - p. 564 73. 54. Fetal and Placental Circulation During Labor - p. 576 74. Section XII. The Lung - p. 584.e2 75. 55. Normal and Abnormal Structural Development of the Lung - p. 585 76. 56. Regulation of Alveolarization - p. 600 77. 57. Physiologic Mechanisms of Normal and Altered Lung Growth Before and After Birth - p. 605 78. 58. Molecular Mechanisms of Lung Development and Lung Branching Morphogenesis - p. 617 79. 59. Regulation of Liquid Secretion and Absorption by the Fetal and Neonatal Lung - p. 626 80. 60. Upper Airway Structure: Function, Regulation, and Development - p. 635 81. 61. Regulation of Lower Airway Function - p. 645 82. 62. Functional Development of Respiratory Muscles - p. 652 83. 63. Mechanics of Breathing - p. 665 84. 64. Pulmonary Gas Exchange in the Developing Lung - p. 673 85. 65. Oxygen Transport and Delivery - p. 684 86. 66. Control of Breathing in Fetal Life and Onset and Control of Breathing in the Neonate - p. 697 87. 67. Basic Mechanisms of Oxygen Sensing and Adaptation to Hypoxia - p. 707 88. 68. Evaluation of Pulmonary Function in the Neonate - p. 714 89. 69. Mechanisms of Neonatal Lung Injury - p. 728 90. 70. Impaired Lung Growth After Injury in Preterm Lung - p. 734 91. 71. Antenatal Factors That Influence Postnatal Lung Development and Injury - p. 748 92. 72. Regulation of Pulmonary Circulation - p. 757 93. Section XIII. Surfactant - p. 764.e4 94. 73. Historical Perspective - p. 765 95. 74. Developmental Biology of Lung Stem Cells - p. 768 96. 75. Surfactant Homeostasis: Composition and Function of Pulmonary Surfactant Lipids and Proteins - p. 776 97. 76. Structure and Development of Alveolar Epithelial Cells - p. 787 98. 77. Regulation of Surfactant-Associated Phospholipid Synthesis and Secretion - p. 792 99. 78. Antenatal Hormonal Therapy for Prevention of Respiratory Distress Syndrome - p. 804 100. 79. Surfactant Treatment - p. 813 101. 80. Genetics and Physiology of Surfactant Protein Deficiencies - p. 825 102. Section XVI. Physiology of Gastrointestinal Tract in the Fetus and Neonate - p. 837.e3 103. 81. Trophic Factors and Regulation of Gastrointestinal Tract and Liver Development - p. 838 104. 82. Organogenesis of the Gastrointestinal Tract - p. 845 105. 83. Development of Gastric Secretory Function - p. 854 106. 84. Development of the Enteric Nervous System and Gastrointestinal Motility - p. 859 107. 85. Development of the Endocrine and Exocrine Pancreas - p. 868 108. 86. Digestive-Absorptive Functions in Fetuses, Infants, and Children - p. 881 109. 87. The Developing Microbiome of the Fetus and Neonate: A Multiomic Approach - p. 888 110. Section XV. Liver and Bilirubin Metabolism - p. 895.e2 111. 88. Organogenesis and Histologic Development of the Liver - p. 896 112. 89. Bile Acid Metabolism During Development - p. 901 113. 90. Fetal and Neonatal Bilirubin Metabolism - p. 915 114. 91. Hereditary Contributions to Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia - p. 919 115. 92. Mechanistic Aspects of Phototherapy for Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia - p. 930 116. Section XVI. The Kidney - p. 940 117. 93. Development of the Kidney: Morphology and Mechanisms - p. 941 118. 94. Functional Development of the Kidney in Utero - p. 954 119. 95. Development and Regulation of Renal Blood Flow in the Neonate - p. 965 120. 96. Postnatal Development of Glomerular Filtration Rate in Neonates - p. 975 121. 97. Renal Transport of Sodium During Development - p. 984 122. 98. Potassium Homeostasis in the Fetus and Neonate - p. 992 123. 99. Role of the Kidney in Calcium and Phosphorus Homeostasis - p. 1006 124. 100. Transport of Amino Acids in the Fetus and Neonate - p. 1018 125. 101. Organic Anion Transport in the Developing Kidney - p. 1024 126. 102. Concentration and Dilution of Urine - p. 1030 127. 103. Urinary Acidification - p. 1047 128. 104. Response to Nephron Loss in Early Development - p. 1056 129. Section XVII. Fluid and Electrolyte Metabolism - p. 1063.e4 130. 105. Fluid Distribution in the Fetusand Neonate - p. 1064 131. 106. Regulation of Acid-Base Balance in the Fetus and Neonate - p. 1076 132. Section XVIII. Developmental Hematopoiesis - p. 1081.e2 133. 107. Developmental Biology of Hematopoietic Stem Cells - p. 1082 134. 108. Neutrophil Granulopoiesis and Homeostasis - p. 1093 135. 109. Developmental Erythropoiesis - p. 1104 136. 110. Developmental Megakaryopoiesis - p. 1125 137. Section XIX. Hemostasis - p. 1144.e6 138. 111. Developmental Hemostasis - p. 1145 139. 112. Platelet–Vessel Wall Interactions - p. 1153 140. Section XX. Developmental Immunobiology - p. 1157 141. 113. Host Defense Mechanisms Against Bacteria - p. 1158 142. 114. Host Defense Mechanisms Against Fungi - p. 1167 143. 115. Host Defense Mechanisms Against Viruses - p. 1172 144. 116. T-Cell Development - p. 1195 145. 117. B-Cell Development - p. 1200 146. 118. Mononuclear Phagocyte System - p. 1206 147. 119. Normal and Abnormal Neutrophil Physiology in the Newborn - p. 1215 148. 120. The Complement System of the Fetus and Newborn - p. 1232 149. 121. Cytokines and Inflammatory Response in the Fetus and Neonate - p. 1243 150. 122. Immunology of Human Milk - p. 1257 151. 123. Neonatal Pulmonary Host Defense - p. 1265 152. Section XXI. Neurology - p. 1296.e13 153. 124. Development of the Nervous System - p. 1297 154. 125. Mechanisms of Cell Death in the Developing Brain - p. 1318 155. 126. Development of the Blood-Brain Barrier - p. 1327 156. 127. Trophic Factor, Nutritional, and Hormonal Regulation of Brain Development - p. 1341 157. 128. Developmental Aspects of Pain - p. 1347 158. 129. Cerebellar Development—The Impact of Preterm Birth and Comorbidities - p. 1353 159. 130. Electroencephalography in the Preterm and Term Infant - p. 1367 160. 131. Intraventricular Hemorrhage in the Neonate - p. 1394 161. 132. Pathophysiology of Neonatal White Matter Injury - p. 1414 162. 133. Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Neonatal Brain Injury and Neuroprotection - p. 1422 163. 134. Neuroprotective Therapeutic Hypothermia - p. 1432 164. Section XXII. Special Sensory Systems in the Fetus and Neonate - p. 1439.e2 165. 135. Early Development of the Human Auditory System - p. 1440 166. 136. Development of Olfaction and Taste in the Human Fetus and Neonate - p. 1455 167. Section XXIII. Musculoskeletal - p. 1464.e3 168. 137. The Growth Plate: Embryologic Origin, Structure, and Function - p. 1465 169. 138. Ontogenesis of Striated Muscle - p. 1475 170. Section XXIV. Endocrine Function - p. 1494.e4 171. 139. Hypothalamus: Neuroendometabolic Center - p. 1495 172. 140. Growth Factor Regulation of Fetal Growth - p. 1505 173. 141. Growth Hormone, Prolactin, and Placental Lactogen in the Fetus and Newborn - p. 1514 174. 142. Luteinizing Hormone and Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Secretion in the Fetus and Newborn Infant - p. 1520 175. 143. Development of the Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis in the Fetus - p. 1532 176. 144. Fetal and Neonatal Adrenocortical Physiology - p. 1538 177. 145. Fetal and Neonatal Thyroid Physiology - p. 1546 178. Section XXV. Ovary and Testis - p. 1554.e1 179. 146. Genetics of Sex Determination and Differentiation - p. 1555 180. 147. Differentiation of the Ovary - p. 1566 181. 148. Testicular Development and Descent - p. 1574 182. Section XXVI. Pathophysiology of Neonatal Diseases - p. 1581.e2 183. 149. The Pathophysiology of Twin-Twin Transfusion Syndrome, Twin-Anemia Polycythemia Sequence, and Twin-Reversed Arterial Perfusion - p. 1582 184. 150. Physiology of Neonatal Resuscitation - p. 1589 185. 151. Pathophysiology of Neonatal Sepsis - p. 1606 186. 152. Pathophysiology of Neonatal Hypoglycemia - p. 1624 187. 153. Pathophysiology of Cardiomyopathies - p. 1633 188. 154. Pathophysiology of Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension ofthe Newborn - p. 1648 189. 155. Pathophysiology of Shock in theFetus and Neonate - p. 1662 190. 156. Pathophysiology of Apnea of Prematurity - p. 1671 191. 157. Pathophysiology of Respiratory Distress Syndrome - p. 1680 192. 158. Pathophysiology of Meconium Aspiration Syndrome - p. 1696 193. 159. Pathophysiology of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia - p. 1703 194. 160. Pathophysiology of Ventilator-Dependent Infants - p. 1710 195. 161. Pathophysiology of Gastroesophageal Reflux - p. 1722 196. 162. Pathophysiology and Prevention of Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis - p. 1732 197. 163. Pathophysiology of Kernicterus - p. 1738 198. 164. Pathophysiology of Neonatal AcuteKidney Injury - p. 1750 199. 165. Pathophysiology of Edema - p. 1760 200. 166. Pathophysiology of Retinopathy of Prematurity - p. 1765 201. 167. Pathophysiology of Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Brain Injury - p. 1773 202. 168. Pathophysiology of Neonatal Acute Bacterial Meningitis - p. 1784 203. 169. Pathophysiology of NeuralTube Defects - p. 1797 204. 170. Pathophysiology of Preeclampsia - p. 1811 205. 171. Pathophysiology of Preterm Birth - p. 1820 206. 172. Pathophysiology of Chorioamnionitis: Host Immunity and Microbial Virulence - p. 1828 207. 173. Pathophysiology of Genetic Neonatal Disease - p. 1837 208. 174. Genetic Variants and Neonatal Disease - p. 1846 209. Index - p. i1
