Every page crafted by a collaborative team of pediatricians and pediatric radiologists, this unique title by Drs. A. Carlson Merrow, Jr. and Selena Hariharan is a practical, superbly illustrated reference designed specifically for today’s pediatrician. An ideal roadmap to the fast-changing landscape of diagnostic imaging tests, Imaging in Pediatrics not only guides you through the radiologic work-up of common pediatric disorders, but also translates the appearance and language of the work-up results for more effective communication between the pediatrician and the radiologist, resulting in enhanced understanding and better patient care.
1. INTRODUCTION & NORMALS - p. 7 2. Chapter 3: Approach to Pediatric Airway - p. 7 3. Chapter 4: Expiratory Buckling of Trachea - p. 11 4. Chapter 5: Pseudothickening of Retropharyngeal Tissues - p. 12 5. NEWBORN AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION - p. 13 6. Chapter 6: Congenital Nasal Pyriform Aperture Stenosis - p. 13 7. Chapter 7: Nasolacrimal Duct Mucocele - p. 14 8. Chapter 8: Choanal Atresia - p. 15 9. INFECTIOUS CAUSES OF AIRWAY COMPROMISE - p. 16 10. Chapter 9: Epiglottitis - p. 16 11. Chapter 10: Retropharyngeal Abscess - p. 17 12. Chapter 11: Croup - p. 19 13. Chapter 12: Exudative Tracheitis - p. 21 14. OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA - p. 22 15. Chapter 13: Enlarged Adenoid Tonsils - p. 22 16. Chapter 14: Enlarged Palatine Tonsils - p. 23 17. Chapter 15: Enlarged Lingual Tonsils - p. 24 18. Chapter 16: Glossoptosis - p. 25 19. EXTRINSIC VASCULAR COMPRESSION OF AIRWAY - p. 26 20. Chapter 17: Double Aortic Arch - p. 26 21. Chapter 18: Pulmonary Sling - p. 27 22. Chapter 19: Right Arch With Aberrant Left Subclavian Artery - p. 28 23. MISCELLANEOUS AIRWAY OBSTRUCTIONS - p. 29 24. Chapter 20: Infantile Hemangioma, Airway - p. 29 25. Chapter 21: Tracheobronchomalacia - p. 30 26. SECTION 2: CHEST - p. 31 27. INTRODUCTION & NORMALS - p. 31 28. Chapter 22: Approach to Pediatric Chest - p. 31 29. Chapter 23: Normal Thymus - p. 37 30. Chapter 24: Palpable Normal Variants of Chest Wall - p. 38 31. CONGENITAL LUNG LESIONS - p. 39 32. Chapter 25: Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation - p. 39 33. Chapter 26: Bronchopulmonary Sequestration - p. 40 34. Chapter 27: Bronchogenic Cyst - p. 41 35. Chapter 28: Congenital Lobar Overinflation - p. 42 36. NEONATAL CHEST ISSUES - p. 43 37. Chapter 29: Esophageal Atresia and Tracheoesophageal Fistula - p. 43 38. Chapter 30: Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia - p. 45 39. Chapter 31: Surfactant Deficiency Disease - p. 47 40. Chapter 32: Neonatal Pneumonia - p. 49 41. Chapter 33: Meconium Aspiration Syndrome - p. 50 42. Chapter 34: Transient Tachypnea of Newborn - p. 51 43. Chapter 35: Pulmonary Interstitial Emphysema - p. 52 44. Chapter 36: Neonatal Pneumothorax - p. 53 45. Chapter 37: Chylothorax - p. 54 46. Chapter 38: Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia - p. 55 47. CHEST INFECTIONS - p. 57 48. Chapter 39: Viral Chest Infection - p. 57 49. Chapter 40: Round Pneumonia - p. 59 50. Chapter 41: Parapneumonic Effusion and Empyema - p. 61 51. Chapter 42: Pneumonia With Cavitary Necrosis - p. 63 52. Chapter 43: Papillomatosis - p. 64 53. MEDIASTINAL MASSES - p. 65 54. Chapter 44: Lymphoma - p. 65 55. Chapter 45: Germ Cell Tumors - p. 66 56. TRAUMA - p. 67 57. Chapter 46: Child Abuse, Rib Fractures - p. 67 58. Chapter 47: Lung Contusion and Laceration - p. 69 59. Chapter 48: Pneumomediastinum - p. 70 60. MISCELLANEOUS - p. 71 61. Chapter 49: Asthma - p. 71 62. Chapter 50: Bronchial Foreign Body - p. 73 63. Chapter 51: Cystic Fibrosis, Pulmonary - p. 75 64. Chapter 52: Sickle Cell Disease, Acute Chest Syndrome - p. 77 65. Chapter 53: Pectus Excavatum - p. 79 66. Chapter 54: Askin Tumor/Ewing Sarcoma of Chest Wall - p. 80 67. SECTION 3: CARDIAC - p. 81 68. INTRODUCTION & NORMALS - p. 81 69. Chapter 55: Approach to Pediatric Heart - p. 81 70. CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE - p. 85 71. Chapter 56: Atrial Septal Defect - p. 85 72. Chapter 57: Ventricular Septal Defect - p. 86 73. Chapter 58: Atrioventricular Septal Defect - p. 87 74. Chapter 59: Patent Ductus Arteriosus - p. 88 75. Chapter 60: Tetralogy of Fallot - p. 89 76. Chapter 61: Pulmonary Atresia - p. 90 77. Chapter 62: Ebstein Anomaly - p. 91 78. Chapter 63: D-Transposition of Great Arteries - p. 92 79. Chapter 64: L-Transposition of Great Arteries - p. 93 80. Chapter 65: Tricuspid Atresia - p. 94 81. Chapter 66: Truncus Arteriosus - p. 95 82. Chapter 67: Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return - p. 96 83. Chapter 68: Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome - p. 97 84. Chapter 69: Left Coronary Artery Anomalous Origin - p. 98 85. Chapter 70: Double Outlet Right Ventricle - p. 99 86. Chapter 71: Aortic Coarctation - p. 100 87. Chapter 72: Aortic Stenosis - p. 101 88. Chapter 73: Pulmonary Artery Stenosis - p. 102 89. CARDIOMYOPATHIES - p. 103 90. Chapter 74: Myocarditis - p. 103 91. Chapter 75: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy - p. 104 92. MISCELLANEOUS - p. 105 93. Chapter 76: Heterotaxy Syndromes - p. 105 94. Chapter 77: Kawasaki Disease - p. 107 95. Chapter 78: Rheumatic Heart Disease - p. 109 96. Chapter 79: Marfan Syndrome - p. 110 97. SECTION 4: GASTROINTESTINAL - p. 111 98. INTRODUCTION & NORMALS - p. 111 99. Chapter 80: Approach to Pediatric Gastrointestinal Tract - p. 111 100. NEONATAL UPPER INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION - p. 117 101. Chapter 81: Malrotation - p. 117 102. Chapter 82: Midgut Volvulus - p. 119 103. Chapter 83: Duodenal Atresia or Stenosis - p. 121 104. Chapter 84: Duodenal Web - p. 122 105. NEONATAL LOWER INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION - p. 123 106. Chapter 85: Jejunoileal Atresia - p. 123 107. Chapter 86: Meconium Ileus - p. 124 108. Chapter 87: Hirschsprung Disease - p. 125 109. Chapter 88: Neonatal Small Left Colon Syndrome - p. 127 110. Chapter 89: Anorectal Malformation - p. 128 111. OTHER NEONATAL GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS - p. 129 112. Chapter 90: Necrotizing Enterocolitis - p. 129 113. UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL ABNORMALITIES TYPICALLY SEEN IN INFANTS AND YOUNG CHILDREN - p. 131 114. Chapter 91: Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis - p. 131 115. Chapter 92: Gastroesophageal Reflux - p. 133 116. Chapter 93: Gastric Volvulus - p. 134 117. Chapter 94: Ingested Coins - p. 135 118. Chapter 95: Ingested Button Batteries - p. 137 119. Chapter 96: Ingested Multiple Magnets - p. 139 120. ABNORMALITIES OF ABDOMINAL WALL - p. 141 121. Chapter 97: Hernias - p. 141 122. OTHER ABNORMALITIES ASSOCIATED WITH BOWEL OBSTRUCTION - p. 143 123. Chapter 98: Appendicitis - p. 143 124. Chapter 99: Ileocolic Intussusception - p. 145 125. Chapter 100: Meckel Diverticulum - p. 147 126. LIVER ABNORMALITIE - p. 149 127. Chapter 101: Hepatoblastoma - p. 149 128. Chapter 102: Hepatic Hemangiomas, Infantile and Congenital - p. 150 129. Chapter 103: Focal Nodular Hyperplasia - p. 151 130. Chapter 104: Hepatic Adenoma - p. 152 131. Chapter 105: Biliary Atresia - p. 153 132. Chapter 106: Choledochal Cyst - p. 154 133. Chapter 107: Steatosis/Steatohepatitis - p. 155 134. Chapter 108: Hepatic Fibrosis/Cirrhosis - p. 156 135. PANCREATIC ABNORMALITIES - p. 157 136. Chapter 109: Pancreatitis - p. 157 137. MESENTERIC ABNORMALITIES - p. 159 138. Chapter 110: Mesenteric Adenitis - p. 159 139. Chapter 111: Omental Infarction - p. 160 140. TRAUMA - p. 161 141. Chapter 112: Hepatic Trauma - p. 161 142. Chapter 113: Splenic Trauma - p. 162 143. Chapter 114: Duodenal Trauma - p. 163 144. Chapter 115: Bowel Injury - p. 164 145. Chapter 116: Pancreatic Trauma - p. 165 146. ABNORMALITIES IN IMMUNOCOMPROMISED CHILDREN - p. 166 147. Chapter 117: Pseudomembranous Colitis - p. 166 148. INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE - p. 167 149. Chapter 118: Crohn Disease - p. 167 150. Chapter 119: Ulcerative Colitis - p. 168 151. MISCELLANEOU - p. 169 152. Chapter 120: Esophageal Strictures - p. 169 153. Chapter 121: Bezoar - p. 170 154. Chapter 122: Gastrointestinal Duplication Cysts - p. 171 155. Chapter 123: Small Bowel Intussusception - p. 172 156. Chapter 124: Henoch-Schönlein Purpura - p. 173 157. Chapter 125: Cystic Fibrosis, Gastrointestinal Tract - p. 174 158. SECTION 5: GENITOURINARY - p. 175 159. INTRODUCTION & NORMALS - p. 175 160. Chapter 126: Approach to Pediatric Genitourinary Tract - p. 175 161. CONGENITAL URINARY TRACT ABNORMALITIES - p. 181 162. Chapter 127: Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction - p. 181 163. Chapter 128: Vesicoureteral Reflux - p. 183 164. Chapter 129: Ureteropelvic Duplications - p. 185 165. Chapter 130: Ureterocele - p. 186 166. Chapter 131: Primary Megaureter - p. 187 167. Chapter 132: Posterior Urethral Valves - p. 188 168. Chapter 133: Urachal Abnormalities - p. 189 169. Chapter 134: Renal Ectopia and Fusion - p. 190 170. MULTICYSTIC RENAL DISEASE - p. 191 171. Chapter 135: Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney - p. 191 172. Chapter 136: Polycystic Kidney Disease, Autosomal Recessive - p. 192 173. Chapter 137: Polycystic Kidney Disease, Autosomal Dominant - p. 193 174. RENAL MASSES - p. 194 175. Chapter 138: Mesoblastic Nephroma - p. 194 176. Chapter 139: Wilms Tumor - p. 195 177. MISCELLANEOUS RENAL CONDITIONS - p. 197 178. Chapter 140: Pyelonephritis - p. 197 179. Chapter 141: Renal Stones - p. 199 180. Chapter 142: Renal Injury - p. 201 181. Chapter 143: Renal Vein Thrombosis - p. 202 182. BLADDER ABNORMALITIES - p. 203 183. Chapter 144: Neurogenic Bladder - p. 203 184. Chapter 145: Bladder Diverticula - p. 204 185. Chapter 146: Rhabdomyosarcoma, Genitourinary - p. 205 186. ADRENAL ABNORMALITIES - p. 206 187. Chapter 147: Neonatal Adrenal Hemorrhage - p. 206 188. Chapter 148: Neuroblastoma - p. 207 189. UTERINE/OVARIAN ABNORMALITIES - p. 209 190. Chapter 149: Hydrometrocolpos - p. 209 191. Chapter 150: Müllerian Duct Anomalies - p. 210 192. Chapter 151: Ovarian Teratoma - p. 211 193. Chapter 152: Ovarian Cyst - p. 213 194. Chapter 153: Ovarian Torsion - p. 215 195. SCROTAL/TESTICULAR ABNORMALITIES - p. 217 196. Chapter 154: Epididymoorchitis - p. 217 197. Chapter 155: Testicular Torsion - p. 219 198. Chapter 156: Torsion of Testicular Appendage - p. 221 199. Chapter 157: Testicular Tumors - p. 223 200. Chapter 158: Testicular Trauma - p. 224 201. SECTION 6: MUSCULOSKELETAL - p. 225 202. INTRODUCTION & NORMALS - p. 225 203. Chapter 159: Approach to Pediatric Musculoskeletal System - p. 225 204. Chapter 160: Normal Primary and Secondary Growth Centers - p. 231 205. Chapter 161: Normal Developmental Variants Confused With Disease - p. 232 206. CONGENITAL ANOMALIES - p. 233 207. Chapter 162: VACTERL Association - p. 233 208. Chapter 163: Polydactyly - p. 235 209. Chapter 164: Clubfoot - p. 236 210. TRAUMA: GENERAL - p. 237 211. Chapter 165: Physeal Fractures - p. 237 212. Chapter 166: Apophyseal Injuries - p. 239 213. Chapter 167: Incomplete Fractures - p. 241 214. Chapter 168: Child Abuse, Metaphyseal Fractures - p. 243 215. Chapter 169: Other Fractures of Child Abuse - p. 245 216. Chapter 170: Stress Injuries of Bone - p. 247 217. Chapter 171: Osteochondroses - p. 249 218. Chapter 172: Osteochondritis Dissecans - p. 250 219. Chapter 173: Soft Tissue Foreign Bodies - p. 251 220. TRAUMA: UPPER EXTREMITY - p. 252 221. Chapter 174: Supracondylar Fracture - p. 252 222. Chapter 175: Lateral Condylar Fracture - p. 253 223. Chapter 176: Medial Epicondyle Avulsion - p. 254 224. Chapter 177: Forearm Fractures - p. 255 225. TRAUMA: LOWER EXTREMITY - p. 256 226. Chapter 178: ACL Injuries - p. 256 227. Chapter 179: Patellar Dislocation - p. 257 228. Chapter 180: Tibial Tubercle Avulsion - p. 258 229. Chapter 181: Triplane Fracture - p. 259 230. INFECTION - p. 260 231. Chapter 182: Transient Synovitis - p. 260 232. Chapter 183: Septic Arthritis - p. 261 233. Chapter 184: Osteomyelitis - p. 263 234. Chapter 185: Soft Tissue Abscess - p. 265 235. SOFT TISSUE MASSES - p. 267 236. Chapter 186: Infantile Hemangioma, Musculoskeletal - p. 267 237. Chapter 187: Venous Malformation - p. 268 238. Chapter 188: Rhabdomyosarcoma - p. 269 239. FOCAL, MULTIFOCAL, AND DIFFUSE BONE LESIONS - p. 270 240. Chapter 189: Ewing Sarcoma - p. 270 241. Chapter 190: Osteosarcoma - p. 271 242. Chapter 191: Leukemia - p. 272 243. Chapter 192: Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis, General - p. 273 244. Chapter 193: Fibroxanthoma - p. 274 245. Chapter 194: Osteoid Osteoma - p. 275 246. Chapter 195: Osteochondroma - p. 276 247. ABNORMALITIES OF HIP - p. 277 248. Chapter 196: Developmental Dysplasia of Hip - p. 277 249. Chapter 197: Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease - p. 279 250. Chapter 198: Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis - p. 280 251. CONSTITUTIONAL DISORDERS OF BONE - p. 281 252. Chapter 199: Achondroplasia - p. 281 253. Chapter 200: Osteogenesis Imperfecta - p. 282 254. RHEUMATOLOGIC DISEASES - p. 283 255. Chapter 201: Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis - p. 283 256. Chapter 202: Dermatomyositis - p. 284 257. MISCELLANEOUS - p. 285 258. Chapter 203: Rickets - p. 285 259. Chapter 204: Sickle Cell Disease, Musculoskeletal - p. 286 260. Chapter 205: Scoliosis - p. 287 261. Chapter 206: Tarsal Coalition - p. 288 262. Chapter 207: Brachial Plexopathy - p. 289 263. Chapter 208: Hemophilia - p. 290 264. SECTION 7: BRAIN - p. 291 265. INTRODUCTION & NORMALS - p. 291 266. Chapter 209: Approach to Pediatric Brain - p. 291 267. Chapter 210: Enlarged Subarachnoid Spaces - p. 297 268. CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS - p. 298 269. Chapter 211: Dandy-Walker Continuum - p. 298 270. Chapter 212: Chiari 1 - p. 299 271. Chapter 213: Chiari 2 - p. 301 272. PHAKOMATOSES - p. 302 273. Chapter 214: Neurofibromatosis Type 1 - p. 302 274. Chapter 215: Tuberous Sclerosis - p. 303 275. Chapter 216: Sturge-Weber Syndrome - p. 304 276. CYSTS AND NEOPLASMS - p. 305 277. Chapter 217: Arachnoid Cyst - p. 305 278. Chapter 218: Pilocytic Astrocytoma - p. 306 279. Chapter 219: Medulloblastoma - p. 307 280. Chapter 220: Ependymoma - p. 308 281. Chapter 221: Brainstem Tumors - p. 309 282. Chapter 222: Craniopharyngioma - p. 310 283. TRAUMATIC AND VASCULAR LESIONS - p. 311 284. Chapter 223: Child Abuse, Brain - p. 311 285. Chapter 224: Germinal Matrix Hemorrhage - p. 313 286. Chapter 225: White Matter Injury of Prematurity - p. 314 287. Chapter 226: Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy - p. 315 288. Chapter 227: Childhood Stroke - p. 316 289. Chapter 228: Arteriovenous Malformation - p. 317 290. Chapter 229: Cavernous Malformation - p. 318 291. Chapter 230: Developmental Venous Anomaly - p. 319 292. METABOLIC, INFECTIOUS, AND INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS - p. 320 293. Chapter 231: Metabolic Brain Disease - p. 320 294. Chapter 232: TORCH Infections - p. 321 295. Chapter 233: Brain Abscess - p. 322 296. Chapter 234: Acute Encephalitis - p. 323 297. Chapter 235: Demyelinating Diseases - p. 324 298. SECTION 8: SPINE - p. 325 299. INTRODUCTION & NORMALS - p. 325 300. Chapter 236: Approach to Pediatric Spine - p. 325 301. CONGENITAL SPINAL MALFORMATIONS - p. 329 302. Chapter 237: Myelomeningocele - p. 329 303. Chapter 238: Dorsal Dermal Sinus - p. 330 304. Chapter 239: Tethered Spinal Cord - p. 331 305. NEOPLASMS - p. 332 306. Chapter 240: Sacrococcygeal Teratoma - p. 332 307. INFLAMMATORY LESIONS - p. 333 308. Chapter 241: Discitis/Osteomyelitis - p. 333 309. Chapter 242: Guillain-Barré Syndrome - p. 335 310. Chapter 243: Transverse Myelitis - p. 336 311. TRAUMA - p. 337 312. Chapter 244: Craniocervical Junction Injuries - p. 337 313. Chapter 245: Chance Fracture - p. 338 314. Chapter 246: Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis - p. 339 315. SECTION 9: HEAD AND NECK - p. 341 316. INTRODUCTION & NORMALS - p. 341 317. Chapter 247: Approach to Pediatric Head and Neck - p. 341 318. NASAL AND SINUS CAVITIES - p. 345 319. Chapter 248: Acute Rhinosinusitis - p. 345 320. ORBIT - p. 347 321. Chapter 249: Orbital Cellulitis - p. 347 322. Chapter 250: Retinoblastoma - p. 349 323. TEMPORAL BONE - p. 350 324. Chapter 251: Congenital Cholesteatoma - p. 350 325. Chapter 252: Acquired Cholesteatoma - p. 351 326. Chapter 253: Acute Mastoiditis With Abscess - p. 352 327. NECK MASSES - p. 353 328. Chapter 254: Thyroglossal Duct Cyst - p. 353 329. Chapter 255: Branchial Cleft Anomalies - p. 354 330. Chapter 256: Lymphatic Malformation, Cervical - p. 355 331. Chapter 257: Acute Parotitis - p. 356 332. Chapter 258: Suppurative Adenitis - p. 357 333. Chapter 259: Fibromatosis Colli - p. 359 334. Radiology Abbreviation Index - p. 361 335. INDEX - p. ii
Every page crafted by a collaborative team of pediatricians and pediatric radiologists, this unique title by Drs. A. Carlson Merrow, Jr. and Selena Hariharan is a practical, superbly illustrated reference designed specifically for today’s pediatrician. An ideal roadmap to the fast-changing landscape of diagnostic imaging tests, Imaging in Pediatrics not only guides you through the radiologic work-up of common pediatric disorders, but also translates the appearance and language of the work-up results for more effective communication between the pediatrician and the radiologist, resulting in enhanced understanding and better patient care.
1. INTRODUCTION & NORMALS - p. 7 2. Chapter 3: Approach to Pediatric Airway - p. 7 3. Chapter 4: Expiratory Buckling of Trachea - p. 11 4. Chapter 5: Pseudothickening of Retropharyngeal Tissues - p. 12 5. NEWBORN AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION - p. 13 6. Chapter 6: Congenital Nasal Pyriform Aperture Stenosis - p. 13 7. Chapter 7: Nasolacrimal Duct Mucocele - p. 14 8. Chapter 8: Choanal Atresia - p. 15 9. INFECTIOUS CAUSES OF AIRWAY COMPROMISE - p. 16 10. Chapter 9: Epiglottitis - p. 16 11. Chapter 10: Retropharyngeal Abscess - p. 17 12. Chapter 11: Croup - p. 19 13. Chapter 12: Exudative Tracheitis - p. 21 14. OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA - p. 22 15. Chapter 13: Enlarged Adenoid Tonsils - p. 22 16. Chapter 14: Enlarged Palatine Tonsils - p. 23 17. Chapter 15: Enlarged Lingual Tonsils - p. 24 18. Chapter 16: Glossoptosis - p. 25 19. EXTRINSIC VASCULAR COMPRESSION OF AIRWAY - p. 26 20. Chapter 17: Double Aortic Arch - p. 26 21. Chapter 18: Pulmonary Sling - p. 27 22. Chapter 19: Right Arch With Aberrant Left Subclavian Artery - p. 28 23. MISCELLANEOUS AIRWAY OBSTRUCTIONS - p. 29 24. Chapter 20: Infantile Hemangioma, Airway - p. 29 25. Chapter 21: Tracheobronchomalacia - p. 30 26. SECTION 2: CHEST - p. 31 27. INTRODUCTION & NORMALS - p. 31 28. Chapter 22: Approach to Pediatric Chest - p. 31 29. Chapter 23: Normal Thymus - p. 37 30. Chapter 24: Palpable Normal Variants of Chest Wall - p. 38 31. CONGENITAL LUNG LESIONS - p. 39 32. Chapter 25: Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation - p. 39 33. Chapter 26: Bronchopulmonary Sequestration - p. 40 34. Chapter 27: Bronchogenic Cyst - p. 41 35. Chapter 28: Congenital Lobar Overinflation - p. 42 36. NEONATAL CHEST ISSUES - p. 43 37. Chapter 29: Esophageal Atresia and Tracheoesophageal Fistula - p. 43 38. Chapter 30: Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia - p. 45 39. Chapter 31: Surfactant Deficiency Disease - p. 47 40. Chapter 32: Neonatal Pneumonia - p. 49 41. Chapter 33: Meconium Aspiration Syndrome - p. 50 42. Chapter 34: Transient Tachypnea of Newborn - p. 51 43. Chapter 35: Pulmonary Interstitial Emphysema - p. 52 44. Chapter 36: Neonatal Pneumothorax - p. 53 45. Chapter 37: Chylothorax - p. 54 46. Chapter 38: Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia - p. 55 47. CHEST INFECTIONS - p. 57 48. Chapter 39: Viral Chest Infection - p. 57 49. Chapter 40: Round Pneumonia - p. 59 50. Chapter 41: Parapneumonic Effusion and Empyema - p. 61 51. Chapter 42: Pneumonia With Cavitary Necrosis - p. 63 52. Chapter 43: Papillomatosis - p. 64 53. MEDIASTINAL MASSES - p. 65 54. Chapter 44: Lymphoma - p. 65 55. Chapter 45: Germ Cell Tumors - p. 66 56. TRAUMA - p. 67 57. Chapter 46: Child Abuse, Rib Fractures - p. 67 58. Chapter 47: Lung Contusion and Laceration - p. 69 59. Chapter 48: Pneumomediastinum - p. 70 60. MISCELLANEOUS - p. 71 61. Chapter 49: Asthma - p. 71 62. Chapter 50: Bronchial Foreign Body - p. 73 63. Chapter 51: Cystic Fibrosis, Pulmonary - p. 75 64. Chapter 52: Sickle Cell Disease, Acute Chest Syndrome - p. 77 65. Chapter 53: Pectus Excavatum - p. 79 66. Chapter 54: Askin Tumor/Ewing Sarcoma of Chest Wall - p. 80 67. SECTION 3: CARDIAC - p. 81 68. INTRODUCTION & NORMALS - p. 81 69. Chapter 55: Approach to Pediatric Heart - p. 81 70. CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE - p. 85 71. Chapter 56: Atrial Septal Defect - p. 85 72. Chapter 57: Ventricular Septal Defect - p. 86 73. Chapter 58: Atrioventricular Septal Defect - p. 87 74. Chapter 59: Patent Ductus Arteriosus - p. 88 75. Chapter 60: Tetralogy of Fallot - p. 89 76. Chapter 61: Pulmonary Atresia - p. 90 77. Chapter 62: Ebstein Anomaly - p. 91 78. Chapter 63: D-Transposition of Great Arteries - p. 92 79. Chapter 64: L-Transposition of Great Arteries - p. 93 80. Chapter 65: Tricuspid Atresia - p. 94 81. Chapter 66: Truncus Arteriosus - p. 95 82. Chapter 67: Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return - p. 96 83. Chapter 68: Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome - p. 97 84. Chapter 69: Left Coronary Artery Anomalous Origin - p. 98 85. Chapter 70: Double Outlet Right Ventricle - p. 99 86. Chapter 71: Aortic Coarctation - p. 100 87. Chapter 72: Aortic Stenosis - p. 101 88. Chapter 73: Pulmonary Artery Stenosis - p. 102 89. CARDIOMYOPATHIES - p. 103 90. Chapter 74: Myocarditis - p. 103 91. Chapter 75: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy - p. 104 92. MISCELLANEOUS - p. 105 93. Chapter 76: Heterotaxy Syndromes - p. 105 94. Chapter 77: Kawasaki Disease - p. 107 95. Chapter 78: Rheumatic Heart Disease - p. 109 96. Chapter 79: Marfan Syndrome - p. 110 97. SECTION 4: GASTROINTESTINAL - p. 111 98. INTRODUCTION & NORMALS - p. 111 99. Chapter 80: Approach to Pediatric Gastrointestinal Tract - p. 111 100. NEONATAL UPPER INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION - p. 117 101. Chapter 81: Malrotation - p. 117 102. Chapter 82: Midgut Volvulus - p. 119 103. Chapter 83: Duodenal Atresia or Stenosis - p. 121 104. Chapter 84: Duodenal Web - p. 122 105. NEONATAL LOWER INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION - p. 123 106. Chapter 85: Jejunoileal Atresia - p. 123 107. Chapter 86: Meconium Ileus - p. 124 108. Chapter 87: Hirschsprung Disease - p. 125 109. Chapter 88: Neonatal Small Left Colon Syndrome - p. 127 110. Chapter 89: Anorectal Malformation - p. 128 111. OTHER NEONATAL GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS - p. 129 112. Chapter 90: Necrotizing Enterocolitis - p. 129 113. UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL ABNORMALITIES TYPICALLY SEEN IN INFANTS AND YOUNG CHILDREN - p. 131 114. Chapter 91: Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis - p. 131 115. Chapter 92: Gastroesophageal Reflux - p. 133 116. Chapter 93: Gastric Volvulus - p. 134 117. Chapter 94: Ingested Coins - p. 135 118. Chapter 95: Ingested Button Batteries - p. 137 119. Chapter 96: Ingested Multiple Magnets - p. 139 120. ABNORMALITIES OF ABDOMINAL WALL - p. 141 121. Chapter 97: Hernias - p. 141 122. OTHER ABNORMALITIES ASSOCIATED WITH BOWEL OBSTRUCTION - p. 143 123. Chapter 98: Appendicitis - p. 143 124. Chapter 99: Ileocolic Intussusception - p. 145 125. Chapter 100: Meckel Diverticulum - p. 147 126. LIVER ABNORMALITIE - p. 149 127. Chapter 101: Hepatoblastoma - p. 149 128. Chapter 102: Hepatic Hemangiomas, Infantile and Congenital - p. 150 129. Chapter 103: Focal Nodular Hyperplasia - p. 151 130. Chapter 104: Hepatic Adenoma - p. 152 131. Chapter 105: Biliary Atresia - p. 153 132. Chapter 106: Choledochal Cyst - p. 154 133. Chapter 107: Steatosis/Steatohepatitis - p. 155 134. Chapter 108: Hepatic Fibrosis/Cirrhosis - p. 156 135. PANCREATIC ABNORMALITIES - p. 157 136. Chapter 109: Pancreatitis - p. 157 137. MESENTERIC ABNORMALITIES - p. 159 138. Chapter 110: Mesenteric Adenitis - p. 159 139. Chapter 111: Omental Infarction - p. 160 140. TRAUMA - p. 161 141. Chapter 112: Hepatic Trauma - p. 161 142. Chapter 113: Splenic Trauma - p. 162 143. Chapter 114: Duodenal Trauma - p. 163 144. Chapter 115: Bowel Injury - p. 164 145. Chapter 116: Pancreatic Trauma - p. 165 146. ABNORMALITIES IN IMMUNOCOMPROMISED CHILDREN - p. 166 147. Chapter 117: Pseudomembranous Colitis - p. 166 148. INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE - p. 167 149. Chapter 118: Crohn Disease - p. 167 150. Chapter 119: Ulcerative Colitis - p. 168 151. MISCELLANEOU - p. 169 152. Chapter 120: Esophageal Strictures - p. 169 153. Chapter 121: Bezoar - p. 170 154. Chapter 122: Gastrointestinal Duplication Cysts - p. 171 155. Chapter 123: Small Bowel Intussusception - p. 172 156. Chapter 124: Henoch-Schönlein Purpura - p. 173 157. Chapter 125: Cystic Fibrosis, Gastrointestinal Tract - p. 174 158. SECTION 5: GENITOURINARY - p. 175 159. INTRODUCTION & NORMALS - p. 175 160. Chapter 126: Approach to Pediatric Genitourinary Tract - p. 175 161. CONGENITAL URINARY TRACT ABNORMALITIES - p. 181 162. Chapter 127: Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction - p. 181 163. Chapter 128: Vesicoureteral Reflux - p. 183 164. Chapter 129: Ureteropelvic Duplications - p. 185 165. Chapter 130: Ureterocele - p. 186 166. Chapter 131: Primary Megaureter - p. 187 167. Chapter 132: Posterior Urethral Valves - p. 188 168. Chapter 133: Urachal Abnormalities - p. 189 169. Chapter 134: Renal Ectopia and Fusion - p. 190 170. MULTICYSTIC RENAL DISEASE - p. 191 171. Chapter 135: Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney - p. 191 172. Chapter 136: Polycystic Kidney Disease, Autosomal Recessive - p. 192 173. Chapter 137: Polycystic Kidney Disease, Autosomal Dominant - p. 193 174. RENAL MASSES - p. 194 175. Chapter 138: Mesoblastic Nephroma - p. 194 176. Chapter 139: Wilms Tumor - p. 195 177. MISCELLANEOUS RENAL CONDITIONS - p. 197 178. Chapter 140: Pyelonephritis - p. 197 179. Chapter 141: Renal Stones - p. 199 180. Chapter 142: Renal Injury - p. 201 181. Chapter 143: Renal Vein Thrombosis - p. 202 182. BLADDER ABNORMALITIES - p. 203 183. Chapter 144: Neurogenic Bladder - p. 203 184. Chapter 145: Bladder Diverticula - p. 204 185. Chapter 146: Rhabdomyosarcoma, Genitourinary - p. 205 186. ADRENAL ABNORMALITIES - p. 206 187. Chapter 147: Neonatal Adrenal Hemorrhage - p. 206 188. Chapter 148: Neuroblastoma - p. 207 189. UTERINE/OVARIAN ABNORMALITIES - p. 209 190. Chapter 149: Hydrometrocolpos - p. 209 191. Chapter 150: Müllerian Duct Anomalies - p. 210 192. Chapter 151: Ovarian Teratoma - p. 211 193. Chapter 152: Ovarian Cyst - p. 213 194. Chapter 153: Ovarian Torsion - p. 215 195. SCROTAL/TESTICULAR ABNORMALITIES - p. 217 196. Chapter 154: Epididymoorchitis - p. 217 197. Chapter 155: Testicular Torsion - p. 219 198. Chapter 156: Torsion of Testicular Appendage - p. 221 199. Chapter 157: Testicular Tumors - p. 223 200. Chapter 158: Testicular Trauma - p. 224 201. SECTION 6: MUSCULOSKELETAL - p. 225 202. INTRODUCTION & NORMALS - p. 225 203. Chapter 159: Approach to Pediatric Musculoskeletal System - p. 225 204. Chapter 160: Normal Primary and Secondary Growth Centers - p. 231 205. Chapter 161: Normal Developmental Variants Confused With Disease - p. 232 206. CONGENITAL ANOMALIES - p. 233 207. Chapter 162: VACTERL Association - p. 233 208. Chapter 163: Polydactyly - p. 235 209. Chapter 164: Clubfoot - p. 236 210. TRAUMA: GENERAL - p. 237 211. Chapter 165: Physeal Fractures - p. 237 212. Chapter 166: Apophyseal Injuries - p. 239 213. Chapter 167: Incomplete Fractures - p. 241 214. Chapter 168: Child Abuse, Metaphyseal Fractures - p. 243 215. Chapter 169: Other Fractures of Child Abuse - p. 245 216. Chapter 170: Stress Injuries of Bone - p. 247 217. Chapter 171: Osteochondroses - p. 249 218. Chapter 172: Osteochondritis Dissecans - p. 250 219. Chapter 173: Soft Tissue Foreign Bodies - p. 251 220. TRAUMA: UPPER EXTREMITY - p. 252 221. Chapter 174: Supracondylar Fracture - p. 252 222. Chapter 175: Lateral Condylar Fracture - p. 253 223. Chapter 176: Medial Epicondyle Avulsion - p. 254 224. Chapter 177: Forearm Fractures - p. 255 225. TRAUMA: LOWER EXTREMITY - p. 256 226. Chapter 178: ACL Injuries - p. 256 227. Chapter 179: Patellar Dislocation - p. 257 228. Chapter 180: Tibial Tubercle Avulsion - p. 258 229. Chapter 181: Triplane Fracture - p. 259 230. INFECTION - p. 260 231. Chapter 182: Transient Synovitis - p. 260 232. Chapter 183: Septic Arthritis - p. 261 233. Chapter 184: Osteomyelitis - p. 263 234. Chapter 185: Soft Tissue Abscess - p. 265 235. SOFT TISSUE MASSES - p. 267 236. Chapter 186: Infantile Hemangioma, Musculoskeletal - p. 267 237. Chapter 187: Venous Malformation - p. 268 238. Chapter 188: Rhabdomyosarcoma - p. 269 239. FOCAL, MULTIFOCAL, AND DIFFUSE BONE LESIONS - p. 270 240. Chapter 189: Ewing Sarcoma - p. 270 241. Chapter 190: Osteosarcoma - p. 271 242. Chapter 191: Leukemia - p. 272 243. Chapter 192: Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis, General - p. 273 244. Chapter 193: Fibroxanthoma - p. 274 245. Chapter 194: Osteoid Osteoma - p. 275 246. Chapter 195: Osteochondroma - p. 276 247. ABNORMALITIES OF HIP - p. 277 248. Chapter 196: Developmental Dysplasia of Hip - p. 277 249. Chapter 197: Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease - p. 279 250. Chapter 198: Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis - p. 280 251. CONSTITUTIONAL DISORDERS OF BONE - p. 281 252. Chapter 199: Achondroplasia - p. 281 253. Chapter 200: Osteogenesis Imperfecta - p. 282 254. RHEUMATOLOGIC DISEASES - p. 283 255. Chapter 201: Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis - p. 283 256. Chapter 202: Dermatomyositis - p. 284 257. MISCELLANEOUS - p. 285 258. Chapter 203: Rickets - p. 285 259. Chapter 204: Sickle Cell Disease, Musculoskeletal - p. 286 260. Chapter 205: Scoliosis - p. 287 261. Chapter 206: Tarsal Coalition - p. 288 262. Chapter 207: Brachial Plexopathy - p. 289 263. Chapter 208: Hemophilia - p. 290 264. SECTION 7: BRAIN - p. 291 265. INTRODUCTION & NORMALS - p. 291 266. Chapter 209: Approach to Pediatric Brain - p. 291 267. Chapter 210: Enlarged Subarachnoid Spaces - p. 297 268. CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS - p. 298 269. Chapter 211: Dandy-Walker Continuum - p. 298 270. Chapter 212: Chiari 1 - p. 299 271. Chapter 213: Chiari 2 - p. 301 272. PHAKOMATOSES - p. 302 273. Chapter 214: Neurofibromatosis Type 1 - p. 302 274. Chapter 215: Tuberous Sclerosis - p. 303 275. Chapter 216: Sturge-Weber Syndrome - p. 304 276. CYSTS AND NEOPLASMS - p. 305 277. Chapter 217: Arachnoid Cyst - p. 305 278. Chapter 218: Pilocytic Astrocytoma - p. 306 279. Chapter 219: Medulloblastoma - p. 307 280. Chapter 220: Ependymoma - p. 308 281. Chapter 221: Brainstem Tumors - p. 309 282. Chapter 222: Craniopharyngioma - p. 310 283. TRAUMATIC AND VASCULAR LESIONS - p. 311 284. Chapter 223: Child Abuse, Brain - p. 311 285. Chapter 224: Germinal Matrix Hemorrhage - p. 313 286. Chapter 225: White Matter Injury of Prematurity - p. 314 287. Chapter 226: Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy - p. 315 288. Chapter 227: Childhood Stroke - p. 316 289. Chapter 228: Arteriovenous Malformation - p. 317 290. Chapter 229: Cavernous Malformation - p. 318 291. Chapter 230: Developmental Venous Anomaly - p. 319 292. METABOLIC, INFECTIOUS, AND INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS - p. 320 293. Chapter 231: Metabolic Brain Disease - p. 320 294. Chapter 232: TORCH Infections - p. 321 295. Chapter 233: Brain Abscess - p. 322 296. Chapter 234: Acute Encephalitis - p. 323 297. Chapter 235: Demyelinating Diseases - p. 324 298. SECTION 8: SPINE - p. 325 299. INTRODUCTION & NORMALS - p. 325 300. Chapter 236: Approach to Pediatric Spine - p. 325 301. CONGENITAL SPINAL MALFORMATIONS - p. 329 302. Chapter 237: Myelomeningocele - p. 329 303. Chapter 238: Dorsal Dermal Sinus - p. 330 304. Chapter 239: Tethered Spinal Cord - p. 331 305. NEOPLASMS - p. 332 306. Chapter 240: Sacrococcygeal Teratoma - p. 332 307. INFLAMMATORY LESIONS - p. 333 308. Chapter 241: Discitis/Osteomyelitis - p. 333 309. Chapter 242: Guillain-Barré Syndrome - p. 335 310. Chapter 243: Transverse Myelitis - p. 336 311. TRAUMA - p. 337 312. Chapter 244: Craniocervical Junction Injuries - p. 337 313. Chapter 245: Chance Fracture - p. 338 314. Chapter 246: Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis - p. 339 315. SECTION 9: HEAD AND NECK - p. 341 316. INTRODUCTION & NORMALS - p. 341 317. Chapter 247: Approach to Pediatric Head and Neck - p. 341 318. NASAL AND SINUS CAVITIES - p. 345 319. Chapter 248: Acute Rhinosinusitis - p. 345 320. ORBIT - p. 347 321. Chapter 249: Orbital Cellulitis - p. 347 322. Chapter 250: Retinoblastoma - p. 349 323. TEMPORAL BONE - p. 350 324. Chapter 251: Congenital Cholesteatoma - p. 350 325. Chapter 252: Acquired Cholesteatoma - p. 351 326. Chapter 253: Acute Mastoiditis With Abscess - p. 352 327. NECK MASSES - p. 353 328. Chapter 254: Thyroglossal Duct Cyst - p. 353 329. Chapter 255: Branchial Cleft Anomalies - p. 354 330. Chapter 256: Lymphatic Malformation, Cervical - p. 355 331. Chapter 257: Acute Parotitis - p. 356 332. Chapter 258: Suppurative Adenitis - p. 357 333. Chapter 259: Fibromatosis Colli - p. 359 334. Radiology Abbreviation Index - p. 361 335. INDEX - p. ii
