Motion Correction in MR: Correction of Position, Motion, and Dynamic Changes, Volume Eight provides a comprehensive survey of the state-of-the-art in motion detection and correction in magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The book describes the problem of correctly and consistently identifying and positioning the organ of interest and tracking it throughout the scan. The basic principles of how image artefacts arise because of position changes during scanning are described, along with retrospective and prospective techniques for eliminating these artefacts, including classical approaches and methods using machine learning.
Internal navigator-based approaches as well as external systems for estimating motion are also presented, along with practical applications in each organ system and each MR modality covered. This book provides a technical basis for physicists and engineers to develop motion correction methods, giving guidance to technologists and radiologists for incorporating these methods in patient examinations.
1. Cover image - p. i 2. Title page - p. ii 3. Table of Contents - p. iii 4. Series Page - p. iii 5. Copyright - p. iii 6. List of contributors - p. iii 7. Preface - p. xv 8. Part 1: Motion in MR scans - p. xvi 9. Chapter 1: Why do patients move? - p. 3 10. Chapter 2: Impact of motion on research studies - p. 13 11. Chapter 3: Cost economy of motion - p. 25 12. Chapter 4: Physical and pharmacologic solutions - p. 35 13. Chapter 5: Psychosocial solutions - p. 57 14. Part 2: Consistent anatomical selection - p. 68 15. Chapter 6: Automatically detecting anatomy: Robust multiscale anatomy alignment for magnetic resonance imaging - p. 71 16. Chapter 7: Anatomical coordinate systems in brain analysis - p. 83 17. Part 3: Scan quality and motion metrics - p. 95 18. Chapter 8: Metrics for motion and MR quality assessment - p. 99 19. Chapter 9: Digital and physical phantoms for motion and flow simulation - p. 117 20. Chapter 10: Operational analytics using modality log files - p. 145 21. Part 4: Dynamic effects that compromise scan quality in MRI - p. 156 22. Chapter 11: Types of motion - p. 159 23. Chapter 12: Other dynamic changes - p. 185 24. Part 5: Methods of detecting motion and associated field changes in real time - p. 193 25. Chapter 13: External tracking systems - p. 197 26. Chapter 14: k-Space navigators - p. 209 27. Chapter 15: Image-space navigators - p. 225 28. Chapter 16: Navigators without gradients - p. 237 29. Part 6: Retrospective correction - p. 256 30. Chapter 17: Retrospective correction of motion in MR images - p. 259 31. Chapter 18: Effects of motion in sparsely sampled acquisitions - p. 269 32. Chapter 19: Retrospective correction of dynamic B0 field variations - p. 287 33. Chapter 20: Machine learning - p. 301 34. Part 7: Prospective correction - p. 313 35. Chapter 21: Prospective motion correction - p. 317 36. Chapter 22: Prospective B0 correction - p. 337 37. Part 8: Clinical applications beyond the brain - p. 347 38. Chapter 23: Body imaging - p. 351 39. Chapter 24: MR motion correction in musculoskeletal imaging - p. 371 40. Chapter 25: Cardiac imaging - p. 383 41. Part 9: Technical applications by method - p. 417 42. Chapter 26: MR Spectroscopy (MRS), Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CEST), and Magnetization Transfer (MT) - p. 421 43. Chapter 27: High-resolution structural brain imaging - p. 433 44. Chapter 28: Amplified MRI and physiological brain tissue motion - p. 449 45. Chapter 29: Diffusion imaging - p. 461 46. Chapter 30: Non-cartesian imaging - p. 481 47. Chapter 31: Functional MRI - p. 499 48. Part 10: Special applications - p. 515 49. Chapter 32: Fetal and placental imaging - p. 519 50. Chapter 33: Special considerations for unsedated MR in the young pediatric population - p. 533 51. Chapter 34: MR-assisted PET motion correction in PET/MR - p. 553 52. Chapter 35: Small animal imaging - p. 569 53. Index - p. 589
Motion Correction in MR: Correction of Position, Motion, and Dynamic Changes, Volume Eight provides a comprehensive survey of the state-of-the-art in motion detection and correction in magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The book describes the problem of correctly and consistently identifying and positioning the organ of interest and tracking it throughout the scan. The basic principles of how image artefacts arise because of position changes during scanning are described, along with retrospective and prospective techniques for eliminating these artefacts, including classical approaches and methods using machine learning.
Internal navigator-based approaches as well as external systems for estimating motion are also presented, along with practical applications in each organ system and each MR modality covered. This book provides a technical basis for physicists and engineers to develop motion correction methods, giving guidance to technologists and radiologists for incorporating these methods in patient examinations.
1. Cover image - p. i 2. Title page - p. ii 3. Table of Contents - p. iii 4. Series Page - p. iii 5. Copyright - p. iii 6. List of contributors - p. iii 7. Preface - p. xv 8. Part 1: Motion in MR scans - p. xvi 9. Chapter 1: Why do patients move? - p. 3 10. Chapter 2: Impact of motion on research studies - p. 13 11. Chapter 3: Cost economy of motion - p. 25 12. Chapter 4: Physical and pharmacologic solutions - p. 35 13. Chapter 5: Psychosocial solutions - p. 57 14. Part 2: Consistent anatomical selection - p. 68 15. Chapter 6: Automatically detecting anatomy: Robust multiscale anatomy alignment for magnetic resonance imaging - p. 71 16. Chapter 7: Anatomical coordinate systems in brain analysis - p. 83 17. Part 3: Scan quality and motion metrics - p. 95 18. Chapter 8: Metrics for motion and MR quality assessment - p. 99 19. Chapter 9: Digital and physical phantoms for motion and flow simulation - p. 117 20. Chapter 10: Operational analytics using modality log files - p. 145 21. Part 4: Dynamic effects that compromise scan quality in MRI - p. 156 22. Chapter 11: Types of motion - p. 159 23. Chapter 12: Other dynamic changes - p. 185 24. Part 5: Methods of detecting motion and associated field changes in real time - p. 193 25. Chapter 13: External tracking systems - p. 197 26. Chapter 14: k-Space navigators - p. 209 27. Chapter 15: Image-space navigators - p. 225 28. Chapter 16: Navigators without gradients - p. 237 29. Part 6: Retrospective correction - p. 256 30. Chapter 17: Retrospective correction of motion in MR images - p. 259 31. Chapter 18: Effects of motion in sparsely sampled acquisitions - p. 269 32. Chapter 19: Retrospective correction of dynamic B0 field variations - p. 287 33. Chapter 20: Machine learning - p. 301 34. Part 7: Prospective correction - p. 313 35. Chapter 21: Prospective motion correction - p. 317 36. Chapter 22: Prospective B0 correction - p. 337 37. Part 8: Clinical applications beyond the brain - p. 347 38. Chapter 23: Body imaging - p. 351 39. Chapter 24: MR motion correction in musculoskeletal imaging - p. 371 40. Chapter 25: Cardiac imaging - p. 383 41. Part 9: Technical applications by method - p. 417 42. Chapter 26: MR Spectroscopy (MRS), Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CEST), and Magnetization Transfer (MT) - p. 421 43. Chapter 27: High-resolution structural brain imaging - p. 433 44. Chapter 28: Amplified MRI and physiological brain tissue motion - p. 449 45. Chapter 29: Diffusion imaging - p. 461 46. Chapter 30: Non-cartesian imaging - p. 481 47. Chapter 31: Functional MRI - p. 499 48. Part 10: Special applications - p. 515 49. Chapter 32: Fetal and placental imaging - p. 519 50. Chapter 33: Special considerations for unsedated MR in the young pediatric population - p. 533 51. Chapter 34: MR-assisted PET motion correction in PET/MR - p. 553 52. Chapter 35: Small animal imaging - p. 569 53. Index - p. 589
