Gain the knowledge and skills you need to analyze radiographic images and solve imaging challenges! Reflecting the latest ARRT® content specifications, Radiographic Image Analysis, 6th Edition provides a guide to evaluating and adjusting images to produce diagnostic-quality radiographs. It helps you to identify the error in positioning or technique that may have caused a poor image, then shows how to correct the problem, so you can reduce the need for repeat radiographs. Each projection includes an optimal radiograph along with examples of unacceptable images. Written by radiology expert Kathy McQuillen Martensen, this text builds your critical thinking skills and helps you prepare for success on the ARRT certification examination.
1. Cover image - p. i 2. Title page - p. ii 3. Table of Contents - p. iii 4. Copyright - p. iv 5. Dedication - p. v 6. Preface - p. vii 7. Acknowledgments - p. ix 8. Chapter 1. Guidelines for Image Analysis - p. 1 9. Chapter 2. Visibility of Details - p. 37 10. Chapter 3. Image Analysis of the Chest and Abdomen - p. 82 11. Chest: PA Projection - p. 91 12. Expiration Chest - p. 98 13. Chest: Lateral Projection (Left Lateral Position) - p. 99 14. Chest: AP Projection (Supine or With Mobile X-Ray Unit) - p. 106 15. Chest: AP or PA Projection (Right or Left Lateral Decubitus Position) - p. 113 16. Chest: AP Axial Projection (Lordotic Position) - p. 118 17. Neonate and Infant Chest: AP Projection - p. 121 18. Child Chest: PA and AP (Portable) Projections - p. 125 19. Neonate and Infant Chest: Cross-Table Lateral Projection (Left Lateral Position) - p. 128 20. Child Chest: Lateral Projection (Left Lateral Position) - p. 130 21. Neonate and Infant Chest: AP Projection (Right or Left Lateral Decubitus Position) - p. 133 22. Child Chest: AP and PA Projection (Right or Left Lateral Decubitus Position) - p. 136 23. Abdomen: AP Projection (Supine and Upright) - p. 138 24. Abdomen: AP Projection (Left Lateral Decubitus Position) - p. 148 25. Pediatric Abdomen - p. 150 26. Neonate and Infant Abdomen: AP Projection (Supine) - p. 150 27. Child Abdomen: AP Projection (Supine and Upright) - p. 153 28. Neonate and Infant Abdomen: AP Projection (Left Lateral Decubitus Position) - p. 155 29. Child Abdomen: AP Projection (Left Lateral Decubitus Position) - p. 157 30. Chapter 4. Image Analysis of the Upper Extremity - p. 159 31. Image Analysis Guidelines - p. 162 32. Finger: PA Projection - p. 162 33. Finger: PA Oblique Projection - p. 166 34. Finger: Lateral Projection - p. 168 35. Thumb: AP Projection - p. 171 36. Thumb: Lateral Projection - p. 174 37. Thumb: PA Oblique Projection - p. 177 38. Hand: PA Projection - p. 180 39. Hand: PA Oblique Projection (Lateral Rotation) - p. 184 40. Hand: “Fan” Lateral Projection (Lateromedial) - p. 187 41. Wrist: PA Projection - p. 191 42. Wrist: PA Oblique Projection (External Rotation) - p. 199 43. Wrist: Lateral Projection (Lateromedial) - p. 204 44. Wrist: Ulnar Deviation, PA Axial Projection (Scaphoid) - p. 211 45. Wrist: Carpal Canal (Tunnel) (Tangential, Inferosuperior Projection) - p. 218 46. Forearm: AP Projection - p. 221 47. Forearm: Lateral Projection (Lateromedial) - p. 226 48. Elbow: AP Projection - p. 229 49. Elbow: AP Oblique Projections (Medial and Lateral Rotation) - p. 235 50. Elbow: Lateral Projection (Lateromedial) - p. 241 51. Elbow: Axiolateral Elbow Projection (Coyle Method) - p. 250 52. Humerus: AP Projection - p. 254 53. Humerus: Lateral Projection (Lateromedial and Mediolateral) - p. 257 54. Chapter 5. Image Analysis of the Shoulder - p. 264 55. Chapter 6. Image Analysis of the Lower Extremity - p. 313 56. Image Analysis Guidelines - p. 317 57. Toe: AP Axial Projection - p. 317 58. Toe: AP Oblique Projection - p. 321 59. Toe: Lateral Projection (Mediolateral and Lateromedial) - p. 324 60. Foot: AP Axial Projection (Dorsoplantar) - p. 327 61. Foot: AP Oblique Projection (Medial Rotation) - p. 333 62. Foot: Lateral Projection (Mediolateral and Lateromedial) - p. 337 63. Calcaneus: Axial Projection (Plantodorsal) - p. 349 64. Calcaneus: Lateral Projection (Mediolateral) - p. 354 65. Ankle: AP Projection - p. 357 66. Ankle: AP Oblique Projection (Medial Rotation) - p. 361 67. Ankle: Lateral Projection (Mediolateral) - p. 366 68. Lower Leg: AP Projection - p. 373 69. Lower Leg: Lateral Projection (Mediolateral) - p. 376 70. Knee: AP Projection - p. 379 71. Knee: AP Oblique Projection (Medial and Lateral Rotation) - p. 389 72. Knee: Lateral Projection (Mediolateral) - p. 394 73. Intercondylar Fossa: PA Axial Projection (Holmblad Method and Weight-Bearing Bilateral Flexed) - p. 407 74. Intercondylar Fossa: AP Axial Projection (Béclère Method) - p. 415 75. Patella and Patellofemoral Joint: Tangential Projection (Merchant Method) - p. 418 76. Patella and Patellofemoral Joint: Tangential Projection (Inferosuperior and Settegast Method) - p. 424 77. Femur: AP Projection - p. 430 78. Femur: Lateral Projection (Mediolateral) - p. 436 79. Chapter 7. Image Analysis of the Pelvis and Hip - p. 445 80. Chapter 8. Image Analysis of the Cervical and Thoracic Vertebrae - p. 484 81. Chapter 9. Image Analysis of the Lumbar Vertebrae, Sacrum, and Coccyx - p. 518 82. Chapter 10. Image Analysis of the Bony Thorax - p. 543 83. Chapter 11. Image Analysis of the Cranium - p. 561 84. Glossary - p. 590 85. Index - p. 595
Gain the knowledge and skills you need to analyze radiographic images and solve imaging challenges! Reflecting the latest ARRT® content specifications, Radiographic Image Analysis, 6th Edition provides a guide to evaluating and adjusting images to produce diagnostic-quality radiographs. It helps you to identify the error in positioning or technique that may have caused a poor image, then shows how to correct the problem, so you can reduce the need for repeat radiographs. Each projection includes an optimal radiograph along with examples of unacceptable images. Written by radiology expert Kathy McQuillen Martensen, this text builds your critical thinking skills and helps you prepare for success on the ARRT certification examination.
1. Cover image - p. i 2. Title page - p. ii 3. Table of Contents - p. iii 4. Copyright - p. iv 5. Dedication - p. v 6. Preface - p. vii 7. Acknowledgments - p. ix 8. Chapter 1. Guidelines for Image Analysis - p. 1 9. Chapter 2. Visibility of Details - p. 37 10. Chapter 3. Image Analysis of the Chest and Abdomen - p. 82 11. Chest: PA Projection - p. 91 12. Expiration Chest - p. 98 13. Chest: Lateral Projection (Left Lateral Position) - p. 99 14. Chest: AP Projection (Supine or With Mobile X-Ray Unit) - p. 106 15. Chest: AP or PA Projection (Right or Left Lateral Decubitus Position) - p. 113 16. Chest: AP Axial Projection (Lordotic Position) - p. 118 17. Neonate and Infant Chest: AP Projection - p. 121 18. Child Chest: PA and AP (Portable) Projections - p. 125 19. Neonate and Infant Chest: Cross-Table Lateral Projection (Left Lateral Position) - p. 128 20. Child Chest: Lateral Projection (Left Lateral Position) - p. 130 21. Neonate and Infant Chest: AP Projection (Right or Left Lateral Decubitus Position) - p. 133 22. Child Chest: AP and PA Projection (Right or Left Lateral Decubitus Position) - p. 136 23. Abdomen: AP Projection (Supine and Upright) - p. 138 24. Abdomen: AP Projection (Left Lateral Decubitus Position) - p. 148 25. Pediatric Abdomen - p. 150 26. Neonate and Infant Abdomen: AP Projection (Supine) - p. 150 27. Child Abdomen: AP Projection (Supine and Upright) - p. 153 28. Neonate and Infant Abdomen: AP Projection (Left Lateral Decubitus Position) - p. 155 29. Child Abdomen: AP Projection (Left Lateral Decubitus Position) - p. 157 30. Chapter 4. Image Analysis of the Upper Extremity - p. 159 31. Image Analysis Guidelines - p. 162 32. Finger: PA Projection - p. 162 33. Finger: PA Oblique Projection - p. 166 34. Finger: Lateral Projection - p. 168 35. Thumb: AP Projection - p. 171 36. Thumb: Lateral Projection - p. 174 37. Thumb: PA Oblique Projection - p. 177 38. Hand: PA Projection - p. 180 39. Hand: PA Oblique Projection (Lateral Rotation) - p. 184 40. Hand: “Fan” Lateral Projection (Lateromedial) - p. 187 41. Wrist: PA Projection - p. 191 42. Wrist: PA Oblique Projection (External Rotation) - p. 199 43. Wrist: Lateral Projection (Lateromedial) - p. 204 44. Wrist: Ulnar Deviation, PA Axial Projection (Scaphoid) - p. 211 45. Wrist: Carpal Canal (Tunnel) (Tangential, Inferosuperior Projection) - p. 218 46. Forearm: AP Projection - p. 221 47. Forearm: Lateral Projection (Lateromedial) - p. 226 48. Elbow: AP Projection - p. 229 49. Elbow: AP Oblique Projections (Medial and Lateral Rotation) - p. 235 50. Elbow: Lateral Projection (Lateromedial) - p. 241 51. Elbow: Axiolateral Elbow Projection (Coyle Method) - p. 250 52. Humerus: AP Projection - p. 254 53. Humerus: Lateral Projection (Lateromedial and Mediolateral) - p. 257 54. Chapter 5. Image Analysis of the Shoulder - p. 264 55. Chapter 6. Image Analysis of the Lower Extremity - p. 313 56. Image Analysis Guidelines - p. 317 57. Toe: AP Axial Projection - p. 317 58. Toe: AP Oblique Projection - p. 321 59. Toe: Lateral Projection (Mediolateral and Lateromedial) - p. 324 60. Foot: AP Axial Projection (Dorsoplantar) - p. 327 61. Foot: AP Oblique Projection (Medial Rotation) - p. 333 62. Foot: Lateral Projection (Mediolateral and Lateromedial) - p. 337 63. Calcaneus: Axial Projection (Plantodorsal) - p. 349 64. Calcaneus: Lateral Projection (Mediolateral) - p. 354 65. Ankle: AP Projection - p. 357 66. Ankle: AP Oblique Projection (Medial Rotation) - p. 361 67. Ankle: Lateral Projection (Mediolateral) - p. 366 68. Lower Leg: AP Projection - p. 373 69. Lower Leg: Lateral Projection (Mediolateral) - p. 376 70. Knee: AP Projection - p. 379 71. Knee: AP Oblique Projection (Medial and Lateral Rotation) - p. 389 72. Knee: Lateral Projection (Mediolateral) - p. 394 73. Intercondylar Fossa: PA Axial Projection (Holmblad Method and Weight-Bearing Bilateral Flexed) - p. 407 74. Intercondylar Fossa: AP Axial Projection (Béclère Method) - p. 415 75. Patella and Patellofemoral Joint: Tangential Projection (Merchant Method) - p. 418 76. Patella and Patellofemoral Joint: Tangential Projection (Inferosuperior and Settegast Method) - p. 424 77. Femur: AP Projection - p. 430 78. Femur: Lateral Projection (Mediolateral) - p. 436 79. Chapter 7. Image Analysis of the Pelvis and Hip - p. 445 80. Chapter 8. Image Analysis of the Cervical and Thoracic Vertebrae - p. 484 81. Chapter 9. Image Analysis of the Lumbar Vertebrae, Sacrum, and Coccyx - p. 518 82. Chapter 10. Image Analysis of the Bony Thorax - p. 543 83. Chapter 11. Image Analysis of the Cranium - p. 561 84. Glossary - p. 590 85. Index - p. 595
