Tabbner's Nursing Care 2 Vol Set

1. Introduction - p. 3 2. Nursing practice in Australia - p. 9 3. Professional nursing organisations - p. 16 4. Nursing the profession - p. 17 5. Influences on nursing - p. 21 6. References - p. 22 7. Recommended reading - p. 25 8. Online resources - p. 25 9. 2.  Legal and ethical frameworks - p. 25 10. Introduction - p. 27 11. Legal aspects of nursing practice - p. 27 12. Areas of legal liability in nursing - p. 33 13. Legal responsibilities of nursing students - p. 43 14. Legal issues in the nursing specialties - p. 44 15. Ethical aspects of nursing - p. 46 16. Ethics - p. 46 17. Ethics and morality - p. 48 18. Nursing ethics - p. 48 19. Ethical issues and moral dilemmas - p. 50 20. Ethical decision-making - p. 52 21. Advocacy - p. 53 22. References - p. 55 23. Recommended reading - p. 57 24. Online resources - p. 57 25. 3.  Nursing research and evidence-based practice - p. 57 26. Unit 2. Professional practice in the contemporary environment - p. 83 27. 4.  Australia’s healthcare delivery system - p. 83 28. 5.  Understanding and promoting health - p. 104 29. Introduction - p. 106 30. What is health promotion? - p. 111 31. Nursing and health promotion - p. 127 32. References - p. 132 33. Recommended reading - p. 134 34. Online resources - p. 135 35. 6.  Critical thinking, problem-based learning and reflective practice - p. 135 36. 7.  Nursing process - p. 147 37. 8.  Documentation, health informatics and technology - p. 164 38. Introduction - p. 166 39. Purpose of documentation and healthcare records - p. 167 40. Legal, ethical and professional considerations - p. 169 41. Documentation guidelines and principles - p. 171 42. Types of documentation and charting - p. 172 43. Electronic records and multidisciplinary care - p. 185 44. Documentation at transitions of care - p. 189 45. Health informatics - p. 191 46. Nursing informatics - p. 193 47. Nursing informatics competencies - p. 195 48. Basics of computers and information technology - p. 201 49. Health information systems - p. 206 50. Data standards and nursing minimum datasets - p. 209 51. Digital health - p. 211 52. Health data privacy and security - p. 215 53. Using information technology to support education and research - p. 217 54. References - p. 220 55. Recommended reading - p. 223 56. Online resources - p. 223 57. 9.  Quality and safety - p. 223 58. 10.  Communication and clinical handover - p. 238 59. Introduction - p. 240 60. Components of the communication process - p. 241 61. Elements of the communication process - p. 241 62. Factors that influence the communication process - p. 242 63. Forms of communication - p. 245 64. Passive, aggressive and assertive communication - p. 248 65. Therapeutic communication - p. 249 66. Skills to facilitate therapeutic communication - p. 250 67. Communicating with children, adolescents and older adults - p. 257 68. Barriers that interfere with therapeutic communication - p. 258 69. Culturally safe communication - p. 260 70. Individuals with special requirements - p. 261 71. Alterations to vision - p. 261 72. Alterations to hearing - p. 261 73. Alterations to cognitive abilities - p. 263 74. Individuals who are unable to respond - p. 264 75. Clinical handover - p. 266 76. References - p. 277 77. Recommended reading - p. 280 78. Online resources - p. 280 79. 11.  Models of nursing care, management and leadership - p. 280 80. 12.  Readiness for practice - p. 293 81. Unit 3. Cultural competence, safety and diversity - p. 309 82. 13.  Cultural competence, safety and diversity - p. 309 83. Introduction - p. 311 84. Attitudes, beliefs and values - p. 312 85. What is culture? - p. 314 86. Effective communication - p. 316 87. Culture and wellbeing - p. 328 88. Culture, the individual and the profession - p. 333 89. Cultural diversity and individuals’ experiences of the system - p. 335 90. Culture in practice - p. 337 91. References - p. 342 92. Recommended reading - p. 347 93. Online resources - p. 347 94. Codes of conduct and ethics - p. 348 95. 14.  Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health and principles of cultural safety - p. 348 96. Unit 4. Initial and ongoing health assessment - p. 369 97. 15.  Health assessment frameworks - p. 369 98. Introduction - p. 371 99. Assessment techniques - p. 393 100. Routine shift assessment - p. 397 101. Diagnostic investigations - p. 398 102. Recording and reporting - p. 398 103. Teaching considerations - p. 399 104. Clinical handover - p. 399 105. Advance health directives - p. 400 106. References - p. 401 107. Recommended reading - p. 402 108. Online resources - p. 402 109. 16.  Vital signs - p. 402 110. Introduction - p. 404 111. Recognising and responding to clinical deterioration in acute healthcare - p. 405 112. Respiration - p. 406 113. Pulse oximetry—measuring oxygen saturation - p. 412 114. Blood pressure - p. 413 115. Pulse - p. 424 116. Pain and consciousness - p. 430 117. Body temperature - p. 430 118. Accurate measurement of body temperature - p. 434 119. References - p. 442 120. Recommended reading - p. 443 121. 17.  Admission, transfer and discharge - p. 444 122. Introduction - p. 446 123. Reactions to admission - p. 446 124. The admission process - p. 451 125. Admitting the person to the mental health unit - p. 461 126. Admitting a child to a healthcare facility - p. 461 127. Admitting an adolescent to a healthcare facility - p. 464 128. Discharge planning - p. 464 129. Preparing individuals to go home - p. 465 130. Teaching as a part of discharge planning - p. 467 131. Day of discharge - p. 470 132. Discharging the individual from the mental health unit - p. 470 133. Discharge against medical advice - p. 471 134. Transfer of care - p. 471 135. References - p. 477 136. Recommended reading - p. 479 137. Online resources - p. 480 138. Unit 5. Foundations of care - p. 483 139. 18.  Infection prevention and control - p. 483 140. Introduction - p. 485 141. Preventing and controlling infections in healthcare in Australia - p. 486 142. Nature of infection - p. 486 143. Microoganisms - p. 486 144. Infection prevention and control in practice - p. 499 145. Standard precautions and transmission-based precautions - p. 500 146. Tier 1: Standard precautions - p. 500 147. Implementing standard precautions - p. 500 148. Standard precautions: Hand hygiene - p. 503 149. Standard precautions: Use of personal protective equipment - p. 510 150. Standard precautions: Safe handling and disposal of sharps - p. 511 151. Standard precautions: Implementing environmental controls - p. 515 152. Standard precautions: Reprocessing of reuseable instruments and equipment - p. 516 153. Routine cleaning of instruments - p. 516 154. Standard precautions: Asepsis and aseptic technique - p. 517 155. Standard precautions: Appropriate handling of waste and linen - p. 524 156. Standard precautions: Respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette - p. 525 157. Tier 2: Transmission-based precautions applied in addition to standard precautions - p. 525 158. Infection prevention and control for healthcare workers - p. 532 159. Infection control and prevention of COVID-19 - p. 532 160. Role of the infection control and prevention nurse - p. 532 161. References - p. 536 162. Recommended reading - p. 538 163. Online resources - p. 539 164. 19.  Personal care and comfort - p. 540 165. Introduction - p. 542 166. Skin and skin care - p. 543 167. Bathing and showering - p. 545 168. Hair care - p. 556 169. Eye, ear and nasal care - p. 557 170. Mouth care - p. 560 171. Nail care - p. 562 172. Hygiene summary - p. 566 173. Promoting comfort - p. 567 174. Bed making - p. 569 175. Making an unoccupied bed - p. 569 176. Key principles related to bed making - p. 570 177. Making a postoperative bed - p. 574 178. Making an occupied bed - p. 575 179. Making a divided bed - p. 578 180. Comfortable positioning - p. 578 181. References - p. 585 182. Recommended reading - p. 587 183. Online resources - p. 587 184. 20.  Administration and monitoring of medications and intravenous therapy - p. 587 185. Introduction - p. 589 186. Pharmacokinetics - p. 596 187. Pharmacodynamics - p. 601 188. Safety and legal requirements in medication administration - p. 602 189. Systems of measurement - p. 614 190. SI units - p. 614 191. Medication calculations - p. 617 192. Conversions - p. 617 193. Calculating dosages - p. 617 194. Intravenous administration calculations - p. 619 195. Administering medications - p. 620 196. Administering enteral medications - p. 620 197. Administering parenteral medications - p. 626 198. Administering fluids and medications via the intravenous route - p. 636 199. Blood product administration - p. 654 200. Administration of subcutaneous infusions - p. 659 201. Administering topical medications - p. 659 202. Instilling eye drops and ointments - p. 664 203. Instilling ear drops - p. 667 204. Inserting vaginal medications - p. 667 205. Administering medications by inhalation - p. 671 206. Administering medication by intranasal absorption - p. 674 207. Monitoring the effects of medications - p. 679 208. Safe handling of hazardous substances - p. 685 209. Safe storage, administration and disposal of medications - p. 686 210. Medications and the older adult - p. 686 211. Medications and the child - p. 686 212. Continuation of medication regimen after discharge - p. 687 213. References - p. 694 214. Recommended reading - p. 696 215. Online resources - p. 697 216. Unit 6. Nursing care across the lifespan - p. 699 217. 21.  Conception to late childhood - p. 699 218. 22.  Late childhood to younger adulthood - p. 729 219. 23.  Younger adulthood to older adulthood - p. 751 220. 24.  Older adulthood - p. 771 221. Unit 7. Promoting health and wellbeing - p. 795 222. 25.  Cardiovascular and respiratory health - p. 795 223. Introduction - p. 797 224. Scientific principles of ventilation and respiration - p. 801 225. Ventilation and respiration - p. 803 226. Structure of the cardiovascular system - p. 805 227. Circulation of blood - p. 812 228. Structure of the lymphatic system - p. 813 229. Factors affecting the respiratory system - p. 815 230. Pathophysiology related to the respiratory system - p. 817 231. Specific disorders of the respiratory system - p. 818 232. Factors affecting the cardiovascular system - p. 821 233. Changes in cardiac function - p. 821 234. Changes in the blood vessels - p. 822 235. Changes in the blood - p. 822 236. Changes in the lymphatic system - p. 822 237. Pathophysiology related to the circulatory system - p. 823 238. Specific disorders of the circulatory system - p. 825 239. Respiratory diagnostic tests - p. 829 240. Cardiovascular diagnostic tests - p. 830 241. Nursing an individual with a respiratory and/or cardiac system disorder - p. 836 242. The individual with an artificial airway - p. 849 243. Nursing an individual with an artificial airway - p. 850 244. Nursing a person with a tracheostomy - p. 851 245. The individual with thoracic drainage tubes - p. 854 246. Nursing a person with a chest drain - p. 858 247. Nursing practice and oxygen administration - p. 859 248. Education - p. 866 249. References - p. 868 250. Recommended reading - p. 870 251. Online resources - p. 870 252. 26.  Fluids and electrolytes - p. 870 253. Introduction - p. 872 254. Fluid balance - p. 876 255. Electrolyte imbalances - p. 885 256. Nursing assessment of individuals with fluid and electrolyte needs - p. 887 257. Fluid and electrolyte replacement - p. 893 258. Intravenous therapy - p. 893 259. Intravenous fluids - p. 896 260. Acid–base balance - p. 900 261. Acid–base regulation - p. 901 262. References - p. 908 263. Recommended reading - p. 909 264. Online resources - p. 909 265. 27.  Rest and sleep - p. 910 266. Introduction - p. 912 267. Physiology of sleep - p. 912 268. Sleep disorders - p. 916 269. Factors affecting sleep - p. 918 270. Assessing rest and sleep patterns - p. 919 271. References - p. 928 272. Recommended reading - p. 930 273. Online resources - p. 930 274. 28.  Movement and exercise - p. 930 275. Introduction - p. 932 276. Body mechanics - p. 933 277. Disease processes that influence body mechanics - p. 933 278. Development of movement and exercise through the lifespan - p. 935 279. Overweight and obesity in Australia - p. 937 280. The benefits of physical activity - p. 937 281. Principles of muscle movement in exercise - p. 940 282. Assessment of movement, mobility and the musculoskeletal system - p. 941 283. Diagnosis of a musculoskeletal disorder - p. 948 284. Treatment of bone injuries and musculoskeletal disorders - p. 948 285. Nursing care of the individual with a musculoskeletal disorder - p. 951 286. General treatment of musculoskeletal disorders - p. 954 287. Ambulation after prolonged immobilisation - p. 956 288. Walking aids - p. 957 289. Complications associated with reduced mobility - p. 959 290. Pressure injuries - p. 960 291. Effects of immobility upon the musculoskeletal system - p. 960 292. Effects on the cardiovascular and pulmonary systems - p. 961 293. Urinary stasis - p. 964 294. Constipation - p. 964 295. Psychological effects of reduced mobility - p. 964 296. References - p. 966 297. Recommended reading - p. 968 298. Online resources - p. 968 299. 29.  Skin integrity and wound care - p. 968 300. Introduction - p. 970 301. Wound healing - p. 973 302. Wound management - p. 974 303. Types of wounds - p. 992 304. Pathophysiological effects and major manifestations of skin disorders - p. 994 305. Specific disorders of the skin - p. 996 306. Genetic disorders - p. 996 307. Idiopathic disorders - p. 996 308. Hypersensitivity disorders - p. 996 309. Trauma - p. 997 310. Neoplasia - p. 997 311. Infections and infestations - p. 997 312. Diagnostic tests - p. 998 313. Care of the individual with a skin disorder - p. 998 314. Pressure injuries - p. 1000 315. Leg ulcers - p. 1016 316. Burn injuries - p. 1019 317. Pathophysiology of burn injuries - p. 1022 318. Classification of burns - p. 1022 319. Assessing burn severity - p. 1022 320. Management of the individual with burn injuries - p. 1025 321. Complications of burns - p. 1029 322. Preparation for discharge - p. 1030 323. Surgical wounds - p. 1030 324. References - p. 1039 325. Recommended reading - p. 1042 326. Online resources - p. 1043 327. 30.  Nutrition - p. 1044 328. Introduction - p. 1046 329. Nutrition assessment - p. 1047 330. Nutrients - p. 1056 331. Diets to meet individual needs - p. 1059 332. Nursing practice and nutritional needs - p. 1063 333. Common disorders associated with nutrition - p. 1069 334. References - p. 1082 335. Recommended reading - p. 1085 336. Online resources - p. 1086 337. 31.  Urinary health - p. 1087 338. Introduction - p. 1088 339. Factors that affect urinary system functioning - p. 1090 340. Common disorders of the urinary system - p. 1091 341. Nursing assessment of urinary system function - p. 1096 342. Nursing interventions - p. 1104 343. Urinary catheterisation - p. 1114 344. Reasons for urinary catheterisation - p. 1114 345. Selection of an appropriate catheter - p. 1114 346. Catheter bags—the closed drainage system - p. 1114 347. Routine catheter care - p. 1117 348. Insertion and removal of a urinary catheter - p. 1118 349. References - p. 1128 350. Recommended reading - p. 1129 351. Online resources - p. 1130 352. 32.  Bowel health - p. 1131 353. Introduction - p. 1132 354. Disorders of the digestive system - p. 1146 355. References - p. 1155 356. Recommended reading - p. 1157 357. Online resources - p. 1157 358. 33.  Pain - p. 1158 359. 34.  Sensory health - p. 1181 360. Introduction - p. 1182 361. Altered senses - p. 1183 362. Factors affecting sensory function - p. 1184 363. Assessing sensory function - p. 1185 364. Special sense organs - p. 1185 365. The eye - p. 1187 366. Disorders of the eye - p. 1189 367. Other disorders of the eye - p. 1194 368. The ear - p. 1202 369. References - p. 1211 370. Online resources - p. 1212 371. 35.  Neurological health - p. 1213 372. Introduction - p. 1214 373. Pathophysiological influences and effects of disorders of the nervous system - p. 1222 374. Assessing neurological status - p. 1225 375. Diagnostic tests - p. 1230 376. Specific disorders of the nervous system - p. 1235 377. Congenital disorders - p. 1235 378. Genetic disorders - p. 1236 379. Disorders of multiple cause - p. 1237 380. Seizure disorders - p. 1238 381. Degenerative disorders - p. 1241 382. Immunological disorders - p. 1242 383. Infectious and inflammatory conditions - p. 1242 384. Neoplastic and obstructive disorders - p. 1243 385. Traumatic disorders - p. 1244 386. Care of the individual with a nervous system disorder - p. 1245 387. Care of the unconscious individual - p. 1250 388. Spinal cord injury - p. 1256 389. References - p. 1263 390. Recommended reading - p. 1265 391. Online resources - p. 1265 392. 36.  Endocrine health - p. 1266 393. Introduction - p. 1267 394. Endocrine disorders - p. 1272 395. Care of the individual with an endocrine disorder - p. 1288 396. Effects of endocrine dysfunction - p. 1288 397. Care of the individual with diabetes mellitus - p. 1290 398. References - p. 1298 399. Recommended reading - p. 1300 400. Online resources - p. 1300 401. 37.  Reproductive health - p. 1301 402. The male reproductive system - p. 1302 403. Disorders of the male reproductive system - p. 1302 404. Assessment and diagnostic tests - p. 1310 405. Nursing interventions in male reproductive health - p. 1311 406. The female reproductive system - p. 1311 407. Disorders of the female reproductive system - p. 1312 408. Assessment and diagnostic tests - p. 1322 409. Reproductive and sexual health promotion - p. 1324 410. Contraception - p. 1325 411. Disorders of reproduction - p. 1329 412. Sexual abuse - p. 1330 413. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) - p. 1330 414. References - p. 1335 415. Recommended reading - p. 1336 416. Online resources - p. 1337 417. Unit 8. Specialised nursing practice - p. 1339 418. 38.  Palliative care - p. 1340 419. Introduction - p. 1341 420. Palliative care - p. 1342 421. Person- and family-centred palliative care - p. 1343 422. Multidisciplinary palliative care - p. 1344 423. Symptom management - p. 1346 424. Loss and grief - p. 1351 425. Care of the dying - p. 1352 426. Voluntary assisted dying - p. 1354 427. Care after death - p. 1355 428. Care of the bereaved - p. 1358 429. Support for the nurse - p. 1358 430. References - p. 1359 431. Recommended reading - p. 1361 432. Online resources - p. 1362 433. 39.  Mental health and mental illness - p. 1363 434. Introduction - p. 1365 435. What is mental health? - p. 1365 436. The provision of care - p. 1378 437. Historical perspectives and mental health care - p. 1383 438. Care of consumers with specific emotional or behavioural challenges - p. 1387 439. The consumer experiencing anxiety - p. 1387 440. The consumer experiencing depression - p. 1389 441. The consumer experiencing feelings of anger and hostility - p. 1393 442. The consumer who is at risk of self-destructive behaviour - p. 1395 443. Suicidal behaviour - p. 1396 444. The consumer who experiences elevation of mood - p. 1400 445. Consumers experiencing confusion or disorientation - p. 1404 446. Legal and ethical aspects of mental health nursing - p. 1409 447. Ethical issues and dilemmas - p. 1410 448. References - p. 1412 449. Recommended reading - p. 1414 450. Online resources - p. 1415 451. 40.  Rehabilitation - p. 1416 452. 41.  Chronicity and disability - p. 1434 453. Introduction - p. 1435 454. Conceptual models of chronic care - p. 1438 455. Disability - p. 1438 456. Prevalence and causes of disabilities - p. 1440 457. Classifications of disability - p. 1440 458. Conceptual models of disability - p. 1441 459. The philosophy of inclusion and normalisation - p. 1445 460. Continuing challenges - p. 1448 461. Approaches to management of individuals with chronic conditions or disabilities - p. 1448 462. National disability insurance scheme and national disability insurance agency - p. 1454 463. Health promotion: Disability prevention - p. 1456 464. Abuse and advocacy - p. 1456 465. References - p. 1458 466. Recommended reading - p. 1462 467. Online resources - p. 1462 468. 42.  Acute and perioperative care - p. 1464 469. Introduction - p. 1465 470. Acute nursing: Scope of practice - p. 1466 471. Characteristics and impact of acute illness/injury - p. 1467 472. Acute disorders - p. 1468 473. Perioperative care - p. 1482 474. Surgery - p. 1483 475. Preoperative care - p. 1485 476. Providing information - p. 1486 477. Medical history - p. 1487 478. Physical examination - p. 1487 479. Informed consent - p. 1487 480. Laboratory and diagnostic testing - p. 1487 481. Psychological preparation - p. 1488 482. Teaching activities - p. 1489 483. Physical preparation - p. 1489 484. Preparation of the individual—immediately prior to surgery - p. 1490 485. Documentation - p. 1490 486. Intraoperative phase - p. 1495 487. Postoperative care - p. 1500 488. References - p. 1515 489. Recommended reading - p. 1518 490. Online resources - p. 1518 491. 43.  Emergency care - p. 1519 492. Introduction - p. 1520 493. Recognising and responding to an emergency - p. 1524 494. Basic life support - p. 1527 495. Post-resuscitation care - p. 1536 496. Staff debriefing - p. 1538 497. Managing specific emergency situations - p. 1538 498. Cardiac emergencies - p. 1540 499. References - p. 1545 500. Recommended reading - p. 1547 501. Online resources - p. 1548 502. 44.  Maternal and newborn care - p. 1549 503. Pregnancy - p. 1550 504. Prenatal care and preparation - p. 1556 505. Labour - p. 1558 506. Postnatal care - p. 1563 507. References - p. 1576 508. Recommended reading - p. 1577 509. Online resources - p. 1577 510. 45.  Community, rural and remote - p. 1579 511. Introduction - p. 1580 512. The community health nurse’s role - p. 1584 513. Models of care in community health - p. 1585 514. Issues for community health nurses in home care - p. 1585 515. Standards and scope of practice of the community and primary healthcare nurse - p. 1586 516. The nursing process and community nursing - p. 1588 517. Nursing care in rural and remote areas - p. 1588 518. Remote and rural australia - p. 1590 519. Health and illness patterns in rural and remote australia - p. 1591 520. Remote area and rural nursing - p. 1593 521. Effective healthcare service delivery in remote settings - p. 1595 522. Stress related to working in a remote health context - p. 1597 523. Access to health services in rural and remote areas - p. 1602 524. Telehealth - p. 1602 525. Transferring to regional or metropolitan health services - p. 1602 526. References - p. 1606 527. Recommended reading - p. 1609 528. Online resources - p. 1610 529. Credits - p. 1611 530. Index - p. i-1