Bridging the gap between medical and surgical specialties in critical care, Textbook of Critical Care, 8th Edition, offers a practical, multidisciplinary approach to the effective management of adult and pediatric patients in the ICU. An outstanding editorial team, led by world-renowned intensivist Dr. Jean-Louis Vincent, assisted by Dr. Frederick A. Moore and new editors Drs. Rinaldo Bellomo and John J. Marini, provides the evidence-based guidance you need to overcome a full range of practice challenges. A full-color art program, relevant basic science and key summary points in every chapter, and expert contributing authors from all over the world make this an indispensable resource for every member of the critical care team.
Provides a concise, readable understanding of the pathophysiology of critical illness and new therapeutic approaches to critical care.
Addresses both medical and surgical aspects in critical care for adult and pediatric patients in one comprehensive, easy-to-use reference.
Shares the knowledge and expertise of the most recognized and trusted leaders in the field, with more international contributing authors than in previous editions.
Covers new information on procedural and diagnostic ultrasound, prone positioning, ECMO, and VADs.
Discusses key topics such as organ support, telemedicine, echocardiography, antibiotic stewardship, antiviral agents, coagulation and anti-coagulation, and more.
Features a wealth of tables, boxes, algorithms, diagnostic images, and key points that clarify important concepts and streamline complex information for quick reference.
Includes companion videos and exclusive chapters online that cover commonly performed procedures.
Takes a multidisciplinary approach to critical care, with contributions from experts in anesthesia, surgery, pulmonary medicine, and pediatrics.
1. Introduction - p. 500 2. Epidemiology - p. 500 3. Risk factors - p. 500 4. Pathophysiology - p. 501 5. Diagnosis - p. 503 6. Classification, prognostic assessment, and severity - p. 507 7. Treatment of acute PE - p. 507 8. Annotated references - p. 514 9. References - p. 514 10. 66. Pneumothorax - p. 514 11. 67. Community-acquired pneumonia - p. 518 12. Introduction - p. 518 13. Incidence - p. 518 14. Risk factors for developing SCAP - p. 519 15. Prognostic factors - p. 519 16. Pathogenesis - p. 521 17. Clinical features - p. 521 18. Radiographic features - p. 521 19. Severity scoring in CAP - p. 522 20. Role of biomarkers in severe CAP - p. 524 21. Etiologic pathogens - p. 524 22. Risk factors for specific pathogens - p. 525 23. Features of specific pathogens - p. 526 24. Other organisms - p. 528 25. Influenza - p. 528 26. Severe acute respiratory syndrome - p. 528 27. Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus - p. 528 28. Bioterrorism considerations - p. 528 29. Diagnostic evaluation - p. 529 30. Treatment - p. 530 31. Timeliness of initial therapy - p. 532 32. Duration of therapy - p. 532 33. Adjunctive therapy measures - p. 532 34. Evaluation of response to therapy - p. 532 35. Prevention - p. 532 36. Pneumococcal vaccine - p. 532 37. Influenza vaccination - p. 533 38. Annotated references - p. 535 39. References - p. 535 40. 68. Nosocomial pneumonia - p. 535 41. Definitions - p. 535 42. Epidemiology - p. 535 43. Pathogenesis - p. 536 44. Prevention - p. 539 45. Diagnosis - p. 543 46. Treatment - p. 547 47. Annotated references - p. 554 48. References - p. 554 49. Part V. Cardiovascular - p. 554 50. 69. Core principles of cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology in critical illness - p. 554 51. 70. Acute coronary syndromes: Therapy - p. 564 52. 71. Supraventricular arrhythmias - p. 578 53. 72. Ventricular arrhythmias - p. 587 54. 73. Conduction disturbances and cardiac pacemakers - p. 597 55. 74. Myocarditis and acute myopathies - p. 604 56. 75. Pericardial diseases - p. 620 57. 76. Emergency heart valve disorders - p. 629 58. 77. Pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular failure - p. 638 59. 78. Hypertensive crisis: Emergency and urgency - p. 643 60. 79. Pathophysiology and classification of shock states - p. 653 61. 80. Resuscitation from circulatory shock - p. 660 62. 81. Inotropic therapy - p. 666 63. 82. Mechanical support in cardiogenic shock - p. 676 64. Part VI. Gastrointestinal - p. 690 65. 83. Portal hypertension: Critical care considerations - p. 690 66. 84. Hepatorenal syndrome - p. 697 67. 85. Hepatopulmonary syndrome - p. 702 68. 86. Hepatic encephalopathy - p. 706 69. 87. Acute liver failure - p. 715 70. 88. Calculous and acalculous cholecystitis - p. 726 71. 89. Acute pancreatitis - p. 731 72. 90. Abdominal sepsis - p. 739 73. 91. Mechanical bowel obstruction - p. 750 74. 92. Toxic megacolon and Ogilvie’s syndrome - p. 753 75. 93. Severe gastrointestinal bleeding - p. 759 76. Part VII. Renal - p. 764 77. 94. Core principles of renal physiology and pathophysiology in critical illness - p. 764 78. 95. Clinical assessment of renal function - p. 773 79. 96. Biomarkers of acute kidney injury - p. 779 80. 97. Water metabolism - p. 786 81. 98. Advanced techniques in blood purification - p. 795 82. 99. Fluid and volume therapy in the ICU - p. 801 83. 100. Acute kidney injury - p. 808 84. 101. Urinary tract obstruction - p. 818 85. 102. Contrast-induced acute kidney injury - p. 824 86. 103. Glomerulonephritis - p. 829 87. 104. Interstitial nephritis - p. 835 88. Part VIII. Infectious Diseases - p. 838 89. 105. Antimicrobial stewardship - p. 838 90. 106. Prevention and control of nosocomial pneumonia - p. 845 91. 107. Antimicrobial agents with primary activity against gram-negative bacteria - p. 852 92. Beta-lactams - p. 852 93. Fluoroquinolones - p. 862 94. Aminoglycosides - p. 863 95. Tetracyclines - p. 865 96. Polymyxins - p. 867 97. Fosfonic acid derivatives: Fosfomycin - p. 868 98. Annotated references - p. 871 99. References - p. 871 100. 108. Antimicrobial agents with primary activity against gram-positive bacteria - p. 871 101. 109. Antimicrobial agents active against anaerobic bacteria - p. 879 102. 110. Selective decontamination of the digestive tract - p. 885 103. 111. Intravascular catheter-related infections - p. 891 104. 112. Septic shock - p. 901 105. 113. Infections of the urogenital tract - p. 907 106. 114. Central nervous system infections - p. 915 107. 115. Infections of skin, muscle, and necrotizing soft tissue infections - p. 931 108. 116. Head and neck infections - p. 938 109. 117. Infectious endocarditis - p. 943 110. 118. Fungal infections - p. 949 111. 119. Influenza and acute viral syndromes - p. 962 112. 120. Human immunodeficiency virus infection - p. 976 113. 121. Infections in the immunocompromised patient - p. 988 114. 122. Tuberculosis - p. 997 115. 123. Malaria and other tropical infections in the intensive care unit - p. 1005 116. 124. Clostridioides difficile infection - p. 1022 117. Part IX. Hematology - p. 1026 118. 125. Anemia and RBC transfusion - p. 1026 119. 126. Guidelines for blood component therapy - p. 1033 120. 127. Venous thromboembolism - p. 1039 121. 128. Anticoagulation in the intensive care unit - p. 1045 122. 129. Monitoring of coagulation status - p. 1050 123. 130. Critical care of the hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipient - p. 1055 124. Part X. Obstetrics - p. 1060 125. 131. Cardiovascular and endocrinologic changes associated with pregnancy - p. 1060 126. 132. Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy - p. 1066 127. 133. Acute pulmonary complications during pregnancy - p. 1073 128. 134. Postpartum hemorrhage - p. 1079 129. Part XI. Endocrine - p. 1086 130. 135. Diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state - p. 1086 131. 136. Adrenal insufficiency - p. 1091 132. 137. Thyroid disorders - p. 1101 133. 138. Diabetes insipidus - p. 1110 134. Part XII. Pharmacology and Toxicology - p. 1114 135. 139. General principles of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics - p. 1114 136. 140. Poisoning: Overview of approaches for evaluation and treatment - p. 1123 137. Part XIII. Surgery/Trauma - p. 1130 138. 141. Resuscitation of hypovolemic shock - p. 1130 139. 142. Mediastinitis - p. 1135 140. 143. Epistaxis - p. 1139 141. 144. Management of the postoperative cardiac surgical patient - p. 1143 142. 145. Intensive care unit management of lung transplant patients - p. 1158 143. 146. Perioperative management of the liver transplant patient - p. 1167 144. 147. Intestinal and multivisceral transplantation: The ultimate treatment for intestinal failure - p. 1173 145. 148. Aortic dissection - p. 1189 146. 149. Mesenteric ischemia - p. 1198 147. 150. Abdominal compartment syndrome - p. 1209 148. 151. Extremity compartment syndromes - p. 1214 149. 152. Thromboembolization and thrombolytic therapy - p. 1226 150. 153. Atheroembolization - p. 1234 151. 154. Pressure ulcers - p. 1241 152. 155. Burns, including inhalation injury - p. 1245 153. 156. Thoracic trauma - p. 1254 154. 157. Abdominal trauma - p. 1263 155. 158. Pelvic fractures and long bone fractures - p. 1270 156. 159. Determination of brain death and management of the brain-dead organ donor - p. 1277 157. 160. Donation after cardiac death (non–heart-beating donation) - p. 1287 158. Part XIV. Ethical and End-of-Life Issues - p. 1296 159. 161. Conversations with families of critically ill patients - p. 1296 160. 162. Resource allocation in the intensive care unit - p. 1302 161. 163. Basic ethical principles in critical care - p. 1308 162. Part XV. Organization and Management - p. 1314 163. 164. Building teamwork to improve outcomes - p. 1314 164. 165. Severity of illness indices and outcome prediction - p. 1319 165. 166. Long-term outcomes of critical illness - p. 1334 166. 167. Early ambulation in the ICU - p. 1339 167. 168. Mass critical care - p. 1347 168. 169. Telemedicine in intensive care - p. 1361 169. 170. Teaching critical care - p. 1366 170. Online Chapters - p. 1370 171. E1. Difficult airway management for intensivists - p. 1370 172. Preoxygenation and per-oxygenation - p. 1370 173. Supraglottic Airway Placement - p. 1370 174. Bougie-Assisted Intubation - p. 1370 175. Intubating Model of the SGA for Emergency Airway Rescue (LMA Model [Fastrach] Intubating LMA [ILMA] Will Serve as an Example But Other Brands are Available) - p. 1370 176. Retrograde Wire Intubation - p. 1370 177. Needle Cricothyrotomy with Transtracheal Jet Ventilation - p. 1370 178. Needle and Surgical Cricothyrotomy - p. 1370 179. Esophageal-Tracheal Combitube: Alternatively, the Rusch Easy Tube (Smaller—Latex-Free Combitube Look-Alike and the King LT-Laryngeal Tube-Single Lumen, Esophageal Placement, One Syringe for Dual Cuff Inflation) - p. 1370 180. Evaluation of a Cuff Leak in The ICU - p. 1370 181. Extubation of the Difficult Airway - p. 1370 182. Videolaryngoscope-Assisted Intubation - p. 1370 183. ETT Exchange - p. 1370 184. Before the procedure - p. 1370 185. Anatomy - p. 1370 186. Procedure - p. 1370 187. After the procedure - p. 1370 188. Outcomes and evidence - p. 1370 189. Suggested reading - p. 1370 190. E2. Bedside ultrasonography - p. 1370 191. Use of bedside ultrasonography in the intensive care unit - p. 1370 192. Bedside echocardiography in a critically ill patient - p. 1370 193. Use of contrast and harmonic technology to enhance transthoracic examinations with poor image quality in a critically ill patient - p. 1370 194. Comparison between bedside echocardiography and pulmonary artery catheter in the intensive care unit - p. 1370 195. Impact of bedside echocardiography on diagnosis and management in a critically ill patient - p. 1370 196. Other applications of bedside ultrasonography in the intensive care unit - p. 1370 197. Annotated references - p. 1370 198. References - p. 1370 199. E3. Central venous catheterization - p. 1370 200. E4. Arterial cannulation and invasive blood pressure measurement - p. 1370 201. E5. Bedside pulmonary artery catheterization - p. 1370 202. E6. Cardioversion and defibrillation - p. 1370 203. E7. Transvenous and transcutaneous cardiac pacing - p. 1370 204. E8. Ventricular assist device implantation - p. 1370 205. E9. Pericardiocentesis - p. 1370 206. E10. Paracentesis and diagnostic peritoneal lavage - p. 1370 207. E11. Thoracentesis - p. 1370 208. E12. Chest tube placement, care, and removal - p. 1370 209. E13. Fiber-optic bronchoscopy - p. 1370 210. E14. Bronchoalveolar lavage and protected specimen bronchial brushing - p. 1370 211. E15. Percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy - p. 1370 212. E16. Esophageal balloon tamponade - p. 1370 213. E17. Nasoenteric feeding tube insertion - p. 1370 214. E18. Lumbar puncture - p. 1370 215. E19. Jugular venous and brain tissue oxygen tension monitoring - p. 1370 216. E20. Intracranial pressure monitoring - p. 1370 217. E21. Indirect calorimetry - p. 1370 218. E22. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation cannulation - p. 1370 219. Index - p. 1371
Bridging the gap between medical and surgical specialties in critical care, Textbook of Critical Care, 8th Edition, offers a practical, multidisciplinary approach to the effective management of adult and pediatric patients in the ICU. An outstanding editorial team, led by world-renowned intensivist Dr. Jean-Louis Vincent, assisted by Dr. Frederick A. Moore and new editors Drs. Rinaldo Bellomo and John J. Marini, provides the evidence-based guidance you need to overcome a full range of practice challenges. A full-color art program, relevant basic science and key summary points in every chapter, and expert contributing authors from all over the world make this an indispensable resource for every member of the critical care team.
Provides a concise, readable understanding of the pathophysiology of critical illness and new therapeutic approaches to critical care.
Addresses both medical and surgical aspects in critical care for adult and pediatric patients in one comprehensive, easy-to-use reference.
Shares the knowledge and expertise of the most recognized and trusted leaders in the field, with more international contributing authors than in previous editions.
Covers new information on procedural and diagnostic ultrasound, prone positioning, ECMO, and VADs.
Discusses key topics such as organ support, telemedicine, echocardiography, antibiotic stewardship, antiviral agents, coagulation and anti-coagulation, and more.
Features a wealth of tables, boxes, algorithms, diagnostic images, and key points that clarify important concepts and streamline complex information for quick reference.
Includes companion videos and exclusive chapters online that cover commonly performed procedures.
Takes a multidisciplinary approach to critical care, with contributions from experts in anesthesia, surgery, pulmonary medicine, and pediatrics.
1. Introduction - p. 500 2. Epidemiology - p. 500 3. Risk factors - p. 500 4. Pathophysiology - p. 501 5. Diagnosis - p. 503 6. Classification, prognostic assessment, and severity - p. 507 7. Treatment of acute PE - p. 507 8. Annotated references - p. 514 9. References - p. 514 10. 66. Pneumothorax - p. 514 11. 67. Community-acquired pneumonia - p. 518 12. Introduction - p. 518 13. Incidence - p. 518 14. Risk factors for developing SCAP - p. 519 15. Prognostic factors - p. 519 16. Pathogenesis - p. 521 17. Clinical features - p. 521 18. Radiographic features - p. 521 19. Severity scoring in CAP - p. 522 20. Role of biomarkers in severe CAP - p. 524 21. Etiologic pathogens - p. 524 22. Risk factors for specific pathogens - p. 525 23. Features of specific pathogens - p. 526 24. Other organisms - p. 528 25. Influenza - p. 528 26. Severe acute respiratory syndrome - p. 528 27. Middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus - p. 528 28. Bioterrorism considerations - p. 528 29. Diagnostic evaluation - p. 529 30. Treatment - p. 530 31. Timeliness of initial therapy - p. 532 32. Duration of therapy - p. 532 33. Adjunctive therapy measures - p. 532 34. Evaluation of response to therapy - p. 532 35. Prevention - p. 532 36. Pneumococcal vaccine - p. 532 37. Influenza vaccination - p. 533 38. Annotated references - p. 535 39. References - p. 535 40. 68. Nosocomial pneumonia - p. 535 41. Definitions - p. 535 42. Epidemiology - p. 535 43. Pathogenesis - p. 536 44. Prevention - p. 539 45. Diagnosis - p. 543 46. Treatment - p. 547 47. Annotated references - p. 554 48. References - p. 554 49. Part V. Cardiovascular - p. 554 50. 69. Core principles of cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology in critical illness - p. 554 51. 70. Acute coronary syndromes: Therapy - p. 564 52. 71. Supraventricular arrhythmias - p. 578 53. 72. Ventricular arrhythmias - p. 587 54. 73. Conduction disturbances and cardiac pacemakers - p. 597 55. 74. Myocarditis and acute myopathies - p. 604 56. 75. Pericardial diseases - p. 620 57. 76. Emergency heart valve disorders - p. 629 58. 77. Pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular failure - p. 638 59. 78. Hypertensive crisis: Emergency and urgency - p. 643 60. 79. Pathophysiology and classification of shock states - p. 653 61. 80. Resuscitation from circulatory shock - p. 660 62. 81. Inotropic therapy - p. 666 63. 82. Mechanical support in cardiogenic shock - p. 676 64. Part VI. Gastrointestinal - p. 690 65. 83. Portal hypertension: Critical care considerations - p. 690 66. 84. Hepatorenal syndrome - p. 697 67. 85. Hepatopulmonary syndrome - p. 702 68. 86. Hepatic encephalopathy - p. 706 69. 87. Acute liver failure - p. 715 70. 88. Calculous and acalculous cholecystitis - p. 726 71. 89. Acute pancreatitis - p. 731 72. 90. Abdominal sepsis - p. 739 73. 91. Mechanical bowel obstruction - p. 750 74. 92. Toxic megacolon and Ogilvie’s syndrome - p. 753 75. 93. Severe gastrointestinal bleeding - p. 759 76. Part VII. Renal - p. 764 77. 94. Core principles of renal physiology and pathophysiology in critical illness - p. 764 78. 95. Clinical assessment of renal function - p. 773 79. 96. Biomarkers of acute kidney injury - p. 779 80. 97. Water metabolism - p. 786 81. 98. Advanced techniques in blood purification - p. 795 82. 99. Fluid and volume therapy in the ICU - p. 801 83. 100. Acute kidney injury - p. 808 84. 101. Urinary tract obstruction - p. 818 85. 102. Contrast-induced acute kidney injury - p. 824 86. 103. Glomerulonephritis - p. 829 87. 104. Interstitial nephritis - p. 835 88. Part VIII. Infectious Diseases - p. 838 89. 105. Antimicrobial stewardship - p. 838 90. 106. Prevention and control of nosocomial pneumonia - p. 845 91. 107. Antimicrobial agents with primary activity against gram-negative bacteria - p. 852 92. Beta-lactams - p. 852 93. Fluoroquinolones - p. 862 94. Aminoglycosides - p. 863 95. Tetracyclines - p. 865 96. Polymyxins - p. 867 97. Fosfonic acid derivatives: Fosfomycin - p. 868 98. Annotated references - p. 871 99. References - p. 871 100. 108. Antimicrobial agents with primary activity against gram-positive bacteria - p. 871 101. 109. Antimicrobial agents active against anaerobic bacteria - p. 879 102. 110. Selective decontamination of the digestive tract - p. 885 103. 111. Intravascular catheter-related infections - p. 891 104. 112. Septic shock - p. 901 105. 113. Infections of the urogenital tract - p. 907 106. 114. Central nervous system infections - p. 915 107. 115. Infections of skin, muscle, and necrotizing soft tissue infections - p. 931 108. 116. Head and neck infections - p. 938 109. 117. Infectious endocarditis - p. 943 110. 118. Fungal infections - p. 949 111. 119. Influenza and acute viral syndromes - p. 962 112. 120. Human immunodeficiency virus infection - p. 976 113. 121. Infections in the immunocompromised patient - p. 988 114. 122. Tuberculosis - p. 997 115. 123. Malaria and other tropical infections in the intensive care unit - p. 1005 116. 124. Clostridioides difficile infection - p. 1022 117. Part IX. Hematology - p. 1026 118. 125. Anemia and RBC transfusion - p. 1026 119. 126. Guidelines for blood component therapy - p. 1033 120. 127. Venous thromboembolism - p. 1039 121. 128. Anticoagulation in the intensive care unit - p. 1045 122. 129. Monitoring of coagulation status - p. 1050 123. 130. Critical care of the hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipient - p. 1055 124. Part X. Obstetrics - p. 1060 125. 131. Cardiovascular and endocrinologic changes associated with pregnancy - p. 1060 126. 132. Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy - p. 1066 127. 133. Acute pulmonary complications during pregnancy - p. 1073 128. 134. Postpartum hemorrhage - p. 1079 129. Part XI. Endocrine - p. 1086 130. 135. Diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state - p. 1086 131. 136. Adrenal insufficiency - p. 1091 132. 137. Thyroid disorders - p. 1101 133. 138. Diabetes insipidus - p. 1110 134. Part XII. Pharmacology and Toxicology - p. 1114 135. 139. General principles of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics - p. 1114 136. 140. Poisoning: Overview of approaches for evaluation and treatment - p. 1123 137. Part XIII. Surgery/Trauma - p. 1130 138. 141. Resuscitation of hypovolemic shock - p. 1130 139. 142. Mediastinitis - p. 1135 140. 143. Epistaxis - p. 1139 141. 144. Management of the postoperative cardiac surgical patient - p. 1143 142. 145. Intensive care unit management of lung transplant patients - p. 1158 143. 146. Perioperative management of the liver transplant patient - p. 1167 144. 147. Intestinal and multivisceral transplantation: The ultimate treatment for intestinal failure - p. 1173 145. 148. Aortic dissection - p. 1189 146. 149. Mesenteric ischemia - p. 1198 147. 150. Abdominal compartment syndrome - p. 1209 148. 151. Extremity compartment syndromes - p. 1214 149. 152. Thromboembolization and thrombolytic therapy - p. 1226 150. 153. Atheroembolization - p. 1234 151. 154. Pressure ulcers - p. 1241 152. 155. Burns, including inhalation injury - p. 1245 153. 156. Thoracic trauma - p. 1254 154. 157. Abdominal trauma - p. 1263 155. 158. Pelvic fractures and long bone fractures - p. 1270 156. 159. Determination of brain death and management of the brain-dead organ donor - p. 1277 157. 160. Donation after cardiac death (non–heart-beating donation) - p. 1287 158. Part XIV. Ethical and End-of-Life Issues - p. 1296 159. 161. Conversations with families of critically ill patients - p. 1296 160. 162. Resource allocation in the intensive care unit - p. 1302 161. 163. Basic ethical principles in critical care - p. 1308 162. Part XV. Organization and Management - p. 1314 163. 164. Building teamwork to improve outcomes - p. 1314 164. 165. Severity of illness indices and outcome prediction - p. 1319 165. 166. Long-term outcomes of critical illness - p. 1334 166. 167. Early ambulation in the ICU - p. 1339 167. 168. Mass critical care - p. 1347 168. 169. Telemedicine in intensive care - p. 1361 169. 170. Teaching critical care - p. 1366 170. Online Chapters - p. 1370 171. E1. Difficult airway management for intensivists - p. 1370 172. Preoxygenation and per-oxygenation - p. 1370 173. Supraglottic Airway Placement - p. 1370 174. Bougie-Assisted Intubation - p. 1370 175. Intubating Model of the SGA for Emergency Airway Rescue (LMA Model [Fastrach] Intubating LMA [ILMA] Will Serve as an Example But Other Brands are Available) - p. 1370 176. Retrograde Wire Intubation - p. 1370 177. Needle Cricothyrotomy with Transtracheal Jet Ventilation - p. 1370 178. Needle and Surgical Cricothyrotomy - p. 1370 179. Esophageal-Tracheal Combitube: Alternatively, the Rusch Easy Tube (Smaller—Latex-Free Combitube Look-Alike and the King LT-Laryngeal Tube-Single Lumen, Esophageal Placement, One Syringe for Dual Cuff Inflation) - p. 1370 180. Evaluation of a Cuff Leak in The ICU - p. 1370 181. Extubation of the Difficult Airway - p. 1370 182. Videolaryngoscope-Assisted Intubation - p. 1370 183. ETT Exchange - p. 1370 184. Before the procedure - p. 1370 185. Anatomy - p. 1370 186. Procedure - p. 1370 187. After the procedure - p. 1370 188. Outcomes and evidence - p. 1370 189. Suggested reading - p. 1370 190. E2. Bedside ultrasonography - p. 1370 191. Use of bedside ultrasonography in the intensive care unit - p. 1370 192. Bedside echocardiography in a critically ill patient - p. 1370 193. Use of contrast and harmonic technology to enhance transthoracic examinations with poor image quality in a critically ill patient - p. 1370 194. Comparison between bedside echocardiography and pulmonary artery catheter in the intensive care unit - p. 1370 195. Impact of bedside echocardiography on diagnosis and management in a critically ill patient - p. 1370 196. Other applications of bedside ultrasonography in the intensive care unit - p. 1370 197. Annotated references - p. 1370 198. References - p. 1370 199. E3. Central venous catheterization - p. 1370 200. E4. Arterial cannulation and invasive blood pressure measurement - p. 1370 201. E5. Bedside pulmonary artery catheterization - p. 1370 202. E6. Cardioversion and defibrillation - p. 1370 203. E7. Transvenous and transcutaneous cardiac pacing - p. 1370 204. E8. Ventricular assist device implantation - p. 1370 205. E9. Pericardiocentesis - p. 1370 206. E10. Paracentesis and diagnostic peritoneal lavage - p. 1370 207. E11. Thoracentesis - p. 1370 208. E12. Chest tube placement, care, and removal - p. 1370 209. E13. Fiber-optic bronchoscopy - p. 1370 210. E14. Bronchoalveolar lavage and protected specimen bronchial brushing - p. 1370 211. E15. Percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy - p. 1370 212. E16. Esophageal balloon tamponade - p. 1370 213. E17. Nasoenteric feeding tube insertion - p. 1370 214. E18. Lumbar puncture - p. 1370 215. E19. Jugular venous and brain tissue oxygen tension monitoring - p. 1370 216. E20. Intracranial pressure monitoring - p. 1370 217. E21. Indirect calorimetry - p. 1370 218. E22. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation cannulation - p. 1370 219. Index - p. 1371
