Veterinary Toxicology: Basic and Clinical Principles, Fourth Edition is a unique single reference that provides a comprehensive overview on the basic principles of veterinary toxicology to any student at the DVM, MS, or PhD level while also continuing to serve as a clinical reference for practitioners. The book thoroughly updates toxicologists and advanced students on the newest approaches for diagnosing poisoning cases in all animals from chemicals, plants, and accidental or malicious intents. Many chapters are provided on topics not covered in any previous books, such as target organ toxicity, radiation and radioactive materials, FDA regulatory issues, and ethics in veterinary toxicology.
Completely revised and updated to include the most recent developments in the field animal toxins, toxicokinetics mechanism of action, toxicity, and treatment, this book is an essential resource for researchers, practicing veterinary toxicologists, advanced students in toxicology, poison control centers, as well as environmentalists, marine biologists, and animal scientists.
1. Introduction - p. 251 2. Important definitions and concepts - p. 252 3. Normal animal reproduction - p. 258 4. The mechanisms and effects of reproductive toxicants - p. 274 5. Toxicants affecting the female reproductive functions - p. 282 6. Teratogenesis and abortion - p. 284 7. Advanced “omic” approaches to understanding reproductive function - p. 286 8. References - p. 287 9. Section C: Nanoparticles and radiation - p. 291 10. Chapter 16 Toxicity of nanoparticles - p. 293 11. Chapter 17 Ionizing radiation in veterinary medicine - p. 303 12. Chapter 18 Carcinogenesis: Mechanisms and models - p. 315 13. Section D: Drugs of use and abuse - p. 331 14. Chapter 19 Toxicity of over-the-counter drugs - p. 333 15. Abstract - p. 333 16. Introduction - p. 333 17. Suspected OTC drug reactions - p. 333 18. Analgesics - p. 334 19. Cold, cough and allergy medications - p. 350 20. Drugs used to treat gastrointestinal symptoms - p. 355 21. Topical drugs - p. 359 22. Concluding remarks and future directions - p. 359 23. References - p. 359 24. Chapter 20 Toxicity of drugs of abuse - p. 365 25. Chapter 21 Cannabis/Hemp toxicity - p. 385 26. Section E: Metals and micronutrients - p. 407 27. Chapter 22 Arsenic - p. 409 28. Chapter 23 Cadmium - p. 415 29. Chapter 24 Chromium, iodine, and phosphorus - p. 421 30. Chapter 25 Copper - p. 423 31. Chapter 26 Fluoride - p. 427 32. Chapter 27 Iron - p. 433 33. Chapter 28 Lead - p. 439 34. Chapter 29 Manganese - p. 445 35. Chapter 30 Mercury - p. 457 36. Chapter 31 Molybdenum - p. 467 37. Chapter 32 Selenium - p. 473 38. Chapter 33 Sodium chloride (salt) - p. 483 39. Chapter 34 Sulfur - p. 487 40. Chapter 35 Zinc - p. 493 41. Section F: Insecticides - p. 497 42. Chapter 36 Organophosphates and carbamates - p. 499 43. Chapter 37 Organochlorines - p. 515 44. Chapter 38 Pyrethrins and pyrethroids - p. 521 45. Chapter 39 Neonicotinoids - p. 527 46. Chapter 40 Amitraz - p. 531 47. Chapter 41 Fipronil - p. 539 48. Chapter 42 Macrocyclic lactone endectocides - p. 547 49. Section G: Herbicides and fungicides - p. 563 50. Chapter 43 Toxicity of herbicides - p. 565 51. Chapter 44 Toxicity of fungicides - p. 581 52. Section H: Rodenticides - p. 595 53. Chapter 45 Anticoagulant rodenticides - p. 597 54. Chapter 46 Non-anticoagulant rodenticides - p. 611 55. Section I: Gases, solvents, and other industrial toxicants - p. 629 56. Chapter 47 Toxic gases and vapors - p. 631 57. Chapter 48 Alcohols and glycols - p. 649 58. Chapter 49 Petroleum - p. 665 59. Chapter 50 Polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated biphenyls, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, and polychlorinated dibenzofurans - p. 683 60. Chapter 51 Brominated flame retardants and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances - p. 705 61. Section J: Avian and aquatic toxicology - p. 729 62. Chapter 52 Avian toxicology - p. 731 63. Chapter 53 Toxicology of fish in managed environments - p. 743 64. Section K: Bacterial and cyanobacterial toxins - p. 757 65. Chapter 54 Botulinum neurotoxins - p. 759 66. Chapter 55 Enterotoxins - p. 775 67. Chapter 56 Cyanobacterial (blue-green algae) toxins - p. 779 68. Section L: Poisonous and venomous organisms - p. 799 69. Chapter 57 Terrestrial zootoxins - p. 801 70. Chapter 58 Honeybees (Apis mellifera) toxicology - p. 823 71. Section M: Poisonous plants - p. 843 72. Chapter 59 Poisonous plants of the United States - p. 846 73. Abstract - p. 846 74. Acknowledgments - p. 846 75. Introduction - p. 845 76. Astragalus and oxytropis species (locoweeds, nitro spp., and selenium spp.) - p. 845 77. Larkspurs (Delphinium spp.) - p. 853 78. Lupines (Lupinus spp.) - p. 856 79. Poison hemlock (Conium maculatum) - p. 860 80. Water hemlock (Cicuta spp.) - p. 861 81. Ponderosa pine needles (Pinus spp.) - p. 863 82. Broom snakeweed (Gutierrezia spp.) - p. 867 83. Rayless goldenrod (Isocoma pluriflora) - p. 869 84. Halogeton (Haloǵeton ǵlomeratus) - p. 869 85. Oak poisoning - p. 871 86. Pyrrolizidine alkaloid containing plants - p. 871 87. Photosensitizing plants - p. 873 88. Veratrum spp. - p. 876 89. Bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum) - p. 877 90. Milkweeds (Asclepias spp.) - p. 879 91. Nightshades - p. 880 92. Knapweeds (Centaurea spp.) - p. 882 93. Conclusions - p. 883 94. References - p. 884 95. Chapter 60 Poisonous plants of Europe - p. 889 96. Chapter 61 Poisonous plants of Australia and New Zealand - p. 909 97. Chapter 62 Cyanogenic glycoside–containing plants - p. 935 98. Chapter 63 Nitrate and nitrite accumulating plants - p. 943 99. Chapter 64 Toxicity of yew (Taxus spp.) alkaloids - p. 949 100. Chapter 65 Mushroom toxins - p. 957 101. Chapter 66 Cottonseed toxicity - p. 973 102. Chapter 67 Phytoestrogens - p. 987 103. Section N: Mycotoxins - p. 1007 104. Chapter 68 Aflatoxins - p. 1009 105. Chapter 69 Ergotism and fescue toxicoses - p. 1025 106. Chapter 70 Fumonisins - p. 1039 107. Chapter 71 Ochratoxins and citrinin - p. 1057 108. Chapter 72 Slaframine - p. 1069 109. Chapter 73 Tremorgenic mycotoxins - p. 1073 110. Chapter 74 Trichothecenes - p. 1083 111. Chapter 75 Zearalenone - p. 1095 112. Section O: Feed and water contaminants - p. 1107 113. Chapter 76 Melamine and cyanuric acid - p. 1109 114. Chapter 77 Ionophores - p. 1117 115. Chapter 78 Non-protein nitrogen (urea) and hyperammonemia - p. 1137 116. Chapter 79 Water quality and contaminants - p. 1143 117. Section P: Analytical toxicology - p. 1171 118. Chapter 80 Analytical toxicology and sample submission requirements - p. 1173 119. Section Q: Prevention and treatment - p. 1197 120. Chapter 81 Prevention and treatment of poisoning - p. 1199 121. Index - p. mccxvii
Veterinary Toxicology: Basic and Clinical Principles, Fourth Edition is a unique single reference that provides a comprehensive overview on the basic principles of veterinary toxicology to any student at the DVM, MS, or PhD level while also continuing to serve as a clinical reference for practitioners. The book thoroughly updates toxicologists and advanced students on the newest approaches for diagnosing poisoning cases in all animals from chemicals, plants, and accidental or malicious intents. Many chapters are provided on topics not covered in any previous books, such as target organ toxicity, radiation and radioactive materials, FDA regulatory issues, and ethics in veterinary toxicology.
Completely revised and updated to include the most recent developments in the field animal toxins, toxicokinetics mechanism of action, toxicity, and treatment, this book is an essential resource for researchers, practicing veterinary toxicologists, advanced students in toxicology, poison control centers, as well as environmentalists, marine biologists, and animal scientists.
1. Introduction - p. 251 2. Important definitions and concepts - p. 252 3. Normal animal reproduction - p. 258 4. The mechanisms and effects of reproductive toxicants - p. 274 5. Toxicants affecting the female reproductive functions - p. 282 6. Teratogenesis and abortion - p. 284 7. Advanced “omic” approaches to understanding reproductive function - p. 286 8. References - p. 287 9. Section C: Nanoparticles and radiation - p. 291 10. Chapter 16 Toxicity of nanoparticles - p. 293 11. Chapter 17 Ionizing radiation in veterinary medicine - p. 303 12. Chapter 18 Carcinogenesis: Mechanisms and models - p. 315 13. Section D: Drugs of use and abuse - p. 331 14. Chapter 19 Toxicity of over-the-counter drugs - p. 333 15. Abstract - p. 333 16. Introduction - p. 333 17. Suspected OTC drug reactions - p. 333 18. Analgesics - p. 334 19. Cold, cough and allergy medications - p. 350 20. Drugs used to treat gastrointestinal symptoms - p. 355 21. Topical drugs - p. 359 22. Concluding remarks and future directions - p. 359 23. References - p. 359 24. Chapter 20 Toxicity of drugs of abuse - p. 365 25. Chapter 21 Cannabis/Hemp toxicity - p. 385 26. Section E: Metals and micronutrients - p. 407 27. Chapter 22 Arsenic - p. 409 28. Chapter 23 Cadmium - p. 415 29. Chapter 24 Chromium, iodine, and phosphorus - p. 421 30. Chapter 25 Copper - p. 423 31. Chapter 26 Fluoride - p. 427 32. Chapter 27 Iron - p. 433 33. Chapter 28 Lead - p. 439 34. Chapter 29 Manganese - p. 445 35. Chapter 30 Mercury - p. 457 36. Chapter 31 Molybdenum - p. 467 37. Chapter 32 Selenium - p. 473 38. Chapter 33 Sodium chloride (salt) - p. 483 39. Chapter 34 Sulfur - p. 487 40. Chapter 35 Zinc - p. 493 41. Section F: Insecticides - p. 497 42. Chapter 36 Organophosphates and carbamates - p. 499 43. Chapter 37 Organochlorines - p. 515 44. Chapter 38 Pyrethrins and pyrethroids - p. 521 45. Chapter 39 Neonicotinoids - p. 527 46. Chapter 40 Amitraz - p. 531 47. Chapter 41 Fipronil - p. 539 48. Chapter 42 Macrocyclic lactone endectocides - p. 547 49. Section G: Herbicides and fungicides - p. 563 50. Chapter 43 Toxicity of herbicides - p. 565 51. Chapter 44 Toxicity of fungicides - p. 581 52. Section H: Rodenticides - p. 595 53. Chapter 45 Anticoagulant rodenticides - p. 597 54. Chapter 46 Non-anticoagulant rodenticides - p. 611 55. Section I: Gases, solvents, and other industrial toxicants - p. 629 56. Chapter 47 Toxic gases and vapors - p. 631 57. Chapter 48 Alcohols and glycols - p. 649 58. Chapter 49 Petroleum - p. 665 59. Chapter 50 Polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated biphenyls, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, and polychlorinated dibenzofurans - p. 683 60. Chapter 51 Brominated flame retardants and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances - p. 705 61. Section J: Avian and aquatic toxicology - p. 729 62. Chapter 52 Avian toxicology - p. 731 63. Chapter 53 Toxicology of fish in managed environments - p. 743 64. Section K: Bacterial and cyanobacterial toxins - p. 757 65. Chapter 54 Botulinum neurotoxins - p. 759 66. Chapter 55 Enterotoxins - p. 775 67. Chapter 56 Cyanobacterial (blue-green algae) toxins - p. 779 68. Section L: Poisonous and venomous organisms - p. 799 69. Chapter 57 Terrestrial zootoxins - p. 801 70. Chapter 58 Honeybees (Apis mellifera) toxicology - p. 823 71. Section M: Poisonous plants - p. 843 72. Chapter 59 Poisonous plants of the United States - p. 846 73. Abstract - p. 846 74. Acknowledgments - p. 846 75. Introduction - p. 845 76. Astragalus and oxytropis species (locoweeds, nitro spp., and selenium spp.) - p. 845 77. Larkspurs (Delphinium spp.) - p. 853 78. Lupines (Lupinus spp.) - p. 856 79. Poison hemlock (Conium maculatum) - p. 860 80. Water hemlock (Cicuta spp.) - p. 861 81. Ponderosa pine needles (Pinus spp.) - p. 863 82. Broom snakeweed (Gutierrezia spp.) - p. 867 83. Rayless goldenrod (Isocoma pluriflora) - p. 869 84. Halogeton (Haloǵeton ǵlomeratus) - p. 869 85. Oak poisoning - p. 871 86. Pyrrolizidine alkaloid containing plants - p. 871 87. Photosensitizing plants - p. 873 88. Veratrum spp. - p. 876 89. Bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum) - p. 877 90. Milkweeds (Asclepias spp.) - p. 879 91. Nightshades - p. 880 92. Knapweeds (Centaurea spp.) - p. 882 93. Conclusions - p. 883 94. References - p. 884 95. Chapter 60 Poisonous plants of Europe - p. 889 96. Chapter 61 Poisonous plants of Australia and New Zealand - p. 909 97. Chapter 62 Cyanogenic glycoside–containing plants - p. 935 98. Chapter 63 Nitrate and nitrite accumulating plants - p. 943 99. Chapter 64 Toxicity of yew (Taxus spp.) alkaloids - p. 949 100. Chapter 65 Mushroom toxins - p. 957 101. Chapter 66 Cottonseed toxicity - p. 973 102. Chapter 67 Phytoestrogens - p. 987 103. Section N: Mycotoxins - p. 1007 104. Chapter 68 Aflatoxins - p. 1009 105. Chapter 69 Ergotism and fescue toxicoses - p. 1025 106. Chapter 70 Fumonisins - p. 1039 107. Chapter 71 Ochratoxins and citrinin - p. 1057 108. Chapter 72 Slaframine - p. 1069 109. Chapter 73 Tremorgenic mycotoxins - p. 1073 110. Chapter 74 Trichothecenes - p. 1083 111. Chapter 75 Zearalenone - p. 1095 112. Section O: Feed and water contaminants - p. 1107 113. Chapter 76 Melamine and cyanuric acid - p. 1109 114. Chapter 77 Ionophores - p. 1117 115. Chapter 78 Non-protein nitrogen (urea) and hyperammonemia - p. 1137 116. Chapter 79 Water quality and contaminants - p. 1143 117. Section P: Analytical toxicology - p. 1171 118. Chapter 80 Analytical toxicology and sample submission requirements - p. 1173 119. Section Q: Prevention and treatment - p. 1197 120. Chapter 81 Prevention and treatment of poisoning - p. 1199 121. Index - p. mccxvii
