Insall & Scott Surgery of the Knee by Dr. W. Norman Scott remains the definitive choice for guidance on the most effective approaches for the diagnosis and management of the entire scope of knee disorders. This edition reflects a complete content overhaul, with more than 50 new chapters and over 400 contributors from around the world. The video program includes 70 new video clips, while new and expanded material covers a range of hot topics, including same-day surgery and hospital management of knee arthroplasty patients and anesthesia specific for knee surgery.
1. Introduction - p. 739 2. Posterior Cruciate Ligament Anatomy - p. 739 3. Posterior Cruciate Ligament Fiber Function - p. 742 4. Diagnosis of Posterior Cruciate Ligament Function and Knee Joint Subluxations - p. 745 5. Clinical Evaluation - p. 750 6. Management Considerations - p. 754 7. Operative Techniques: Current Concepts - p. 758 8. Intraoperative Evaluation - p. 761 9. Posterior Cruciate Ligament Graft Harvest Options - p. 762 10. Surgical Procedures - p. 763 11. Alternative Posterior Cruciate Ligament All-Inside Techniques - p. 773 12. Posterior Cruciate Ligament Avulsion Fractures - p. 775 13. Posterior Cruciate Ligament Augmentation Approaches and Techniques - p. 777 14. Postoperative Rehabilitation - p. 777 15. Clinical Studies - p. 777 16. Posterolateral Surgical Technique Options - p. 781 17. Posterolateral Postoperative Rehabilitation - p. 787 18. References - p. 790 19. 60 Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction - p. 791 20. 61 Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction - p. 801 21. 62 Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction - p. 810 22. 63 The Dislocated Knee - p. 819 23. 64 Dislocation of the Proximal Tibiofibular Joint - p. 833 24. Section VI Sports Medicine: Patellar and Extensor Mechanism Disorders - p. 841.e2 25. 65 Disorders of the Patellofemoral Joint - p. 843 26. Basic Anatomy and Biomechanics - p. 843 27. Imaging - p. 848 28. Patellofemoral Instability and Osteoarthritis - p. 875 29. Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome/Anterior Knee Pain - p. 875 30. Patellofemoral Osteoarthritis - p. 879 31. References - p. 884 32. 66 Distal Realignment of the Patellofemoral Joint - p. 885 33. 67 Surgery of the Patellofemoral Joint - p. 902 34. 68 Repair and Reconstruction of the Medial Patellofemoral Ligament for Treatment of Lateral Patellar Dislocations - p. 939 35. 69 Sulcus-Deepening Trochleoplasty - p. 954 36. 70 Quadriceps and Patellar Tendon Disruption* - p. 967 37. Section VII Knee Arthritis - p. 984.e4 38. 71 Gout and Other Crystalline Arthropathies - p. 986 39. 72 Knee Osteoarthritis - p. 992 40. 73 Overview of Psoriatic Arthritis - p. 998 41. 74 Systemic Allergic Dermatitis in Total Knee Arthroplasty - p. 1003 42. 75 Rheumatoid Arthritis of the Knee - p. 1010 43. 76 Hemophilia and Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis Hemophilia and the Knee - p. 1015 44. 76B Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Its Relationship to Knee Disorders - p. 1020 45. Section VIII Anesthesia for Knee Surgery - p. 1029.e4 46. Part I Preoperative Evaluation - p. 1029.e4 47. 77 Basics, Preoperative Assessment, and Medical Optimization - p. 1032 48. 78 Patients With Stents - p. 1037 49. 79 Diabetes Mellitus and the Knee - p. 1040 50. 80 Rheumatoid Arthritis - p. 1046 51. 81 Bilateral Total Knee Replacement - p. 1051 52. Part II Perioperative Management of Inpatient Procedures - p. 1054.e2 53. 82 Monitoring During Total Knee Arthroplasty - p. 1056 54. 83 Spinal or General Anesthesia? - p. 1058 55. 84 Revision Total Knee Arthroplasties - p. 1062 56. 85 The Pneumatic Tourniquet - p. 1063 57. 86 Cement Embolism - p. 1069 58. 87 Tranexamic Acid - p. 1071 59. 88 Blood Loss and Fluid Management - p. 1078 60. 89 Anesthesia for Knee Surgery - p. 1081 61. 90 Specific Considerations for Fractures and Dislocations - p. 1083 62. Part III Preoperative Analgesia: Nerve Blocks - p. 1084.e1 63. 91 Femoral Nerve Block - p. 1086 64. 92 Adductor Canal Block - p. 1091 65. 93 Fascia Iliaca Compartment Block - p. 1094 66. 94 Psoas Compartment Block - p. 1097 67. 95 Sciatic Nerve Block - p. 1101 68. 96 Obturator Nerve Block - p. 1106 69. 97 Continuous Perineural Analgesia for Knee Surgery - p. 1109 70. 98 Local Anesthetic Infiltration - p. 1117 71. 99 Epidural Analgesia - p. 1123 72. 100 Neuraxial Opioids - p. 1125 73. 101 Systemic Opioids and Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting - p. 1127 74. 102 Multimodal Pharmacologic Analgesia - p. 1130 75. 103 Chronic Pain After Total Knee Arthroplasty - p. 1134 76. Part IV Ambulatory Procedures - p. 1138.e1 77. 104 Knee Arthroscopy - p. 1140 78. Part V Thromboprophylaxis - p. 1145.e1 79. 105 Thromboprophylaxis and Neuraxial Anesthesia - p. 1147 80. Section IX Plastic Surgery - p. 1148.e1 81. 106 Soft Tissue Healing - p. 1150 82. 107 The Problem Wound - p. 1162 83. Section X Fractures About the Knee - p. 1166.e2 84. 108 Distal Femur Fractures - p. 1168 85. 109 Tibial Plateau Fractures - p. 1180 86. 110 Fractures of the Patella - p. 1195 87. 111 Treatment of Periprosthetic Fractures Around a Total Knee Arthroplasty - p. 1208 88. Section XI Pediatric Knee - p. 1215.e1 89. 112 Normal Knee Embryology and Development - p. 1217 90. 113 Congenital Deformities of the Knee - p. 1223 91. 114 Meniscal Disorders - p. 1247 92. 115 Osteochondritis Dissecans - p. 1255 93. 116 Reconstruction of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament in Pediatric Patients - p. 1261 94. 117 Tibial Spine Fractures - p. 1273 95. 118 Physeal Fractures About the Knee - p. 1281 96. 119 Patellar Instability - p. 1289 97. Section XIIA Joint Replacement and Its Alternatives - p. 1305.e4 98. 120 Nonoperative Treatment of Knee Arthritis - p. 1307 99. 121 Osteotomies About the Knee - p. 1323 100. 122 Osteotomy for the Arthritic Knee - p. 1343 101. 123 Scoring Systems and Their Validation for the Arthritic Knee - p. 1362 102. 124 Historic Development, Classification, and Characteristics of Knee Prostheses - p. 1375 103. 125 Unicompartmental, Bicompartmental, or Tricompartmental Arthritis of the Knee - p. 1405 104. 126 Patellofemoral Arthroplasty - p. 1409 105. 127 Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty - p. 1420 106. 128 Unicomparmental Knee Replacement With ACL Reconstruction - p. 1430 107. 129 Fixed-Bearing Medial Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty - p. 1435 108. 130 Medial Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty Mobile Bearing - p. 1446 109. 131 Bicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty - p. 1471 110. 132 Bicondylar Knee Replacement - p. 1476 111. 133 Bicruciate Total Knee Arthroplasty - p. 1487 112. 134 Bicruciate Total Knee Arthroplasty - p. 1493 113. 135 European Analysis and Results of Partial Knee Replacement - p. 1498 114. 136 Posterior Cruciate Ligament Retention in Total Knee Arthroplasty - p. 1502 115. 137 Preserving the Posterior Cruciate Ligament - p. 1509 116. 138 Custom-Made Knee Replacements - p. 1519 117. 139 Posterior Cruciate Sacrificing Total Knee Arthroplasty - p. 1526 118. 140 Posterior Cruciate Ligament—Substituting Total Knee Arthroplasty - p. 1529 119. 141 Posterior Cruciate Ligament Substituting Total Knee Arthroplasty - p. 1545 120. 142 Mobile-Bearing Total Knee Arthroplasty - p. 1566 121. 143 Cemented Total Knee Arthroplasty - p. 1572 122. 144 Cementless Total Knee Arthroplasty - p. 1576 123. 145 Patellar Resurfacing in Total Knee Arthroplasty - p. 1585 124. Introduction - p. 1585 125. History of Patellar Resurfacing - p. 1585 126. Basic Science - p. 1588 127. Surgical Technique - p. 1602 128. Pros and Cons of Patella Resurfacing - p. 1611 129. Patella-Related Complications in Total Knee Arthroplasty - p. 1613 130. Anterior Knee Pain and Causes Thereof - p. 1617 131. Predictors of Anterior Knee Pain - p. 1620 132. Secondary Resurfacing - p. 1621 133. Patellar Scoring Systems - p. 1622 134. Prospective and Randomized Controlled Trials - p. 1623 135. Regional and National Arthroplasty Registries - p. 1625 136. Conclusion - p. 1627 137. Acknowledgments - p. 1628 138. References - p. 1628 139. 146 Patella Resurfacing—Never - p. 1630 140. 147 Patella Resurfacing—Always - p. 1637 141. 148 Alignment in Total Knee Arthroplasty - p. 1647 142. 149 Surgical Approaches in Total Knee Arthroplasty - p. 1652 143. 150 Surgical Techniques and Instrumentation in Total Knee Arthroplasty - p. 1665 144. Relevant Knee Anatomy and Alignment - p. 1665 145. Objectives of Prosthetic Replacement - p. 1666 146. Theories of Surgical Technique - p. 1667 147. Preoperative Planning - p. 1677 148. Exposure - p. 1679 149. Techniques and Instrumentation - p. 1683 150. Fitting of Trial Components - p. 1691 151. Cemented Versus Uncemented Fixation - p. 1696 152. Management of Instability or Deformity - p. 1698 153. Management of Varus Deformity - p. 1700 154. Asymmetrical Valgus Instability - p. 1702 155. Flexion Contracture - p. 1709 156. Extension Contracture (“Stiff Knee”) - p. 1710 157. Correction of Genu Recurvatum - p. 1711 158. Management of Bone Defects - p. 1711 159. Intraoperative Problems and Their Solutions (Insall) - p. 1717 160. Aftercare of Total Knee Arthroplasty - p. 1719 161. References - p. 1719 162. 151 Gap-Balancing Techniques in Total Knee Arthroplasty - p. 1721 163. 152 Modern Measured Resection Technique - p. 1727 164. 153 Is the Understanding of Gap Balancing and Measured Resection Techniques Necessary to Understand Image-Guided Surgical Techniques for Knee Arthroplasty? - p. 1736 165. 154 Mid-Flexion Instability After Total Knee Arthroplasty - p. 1740 166. 155 Correction of Fixed Deformities With Total Knee Arthroplasty - p. 1750 167. 156 Correction of Deformities With Total Knee Arthroplasty - p. 1761 168. 157 Pressure Sensors and Soft Tissue Balancing - p. 1766 169. 158 The Clinical Effectiveness of Custom-Made Guides for Total Knee Arthroplasty - p. 1770 170. 159 Computer Navigation in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty - p. 1775 171. 160 Kinematically Aligned Total Knee Arthroplasty - p. 1784 172. 161 Computer-Assisted Navigation - p. 1797 173. 162 Robotics in Total Knee Arthroplasty - p. 1806 174. 163 Robotic Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty - p. 1813 175. 164 Management of Extra-Articular Deformity in Total Knee Arthroplasty With Navigation - p. 1818 176. 165 Computer-Assisted Total Knee Arthroplasty for Extramedullary Deformity - p. 1827 177. 166 Impact of the Cavus Foot and Ankle on the Painful Knee - p. 1837 178. 167 Flat Foot and Its Effect on the Knee - p. 1844 179. 168 The Impact of the Foot and Ankle on Total Knee Replacement - p. 1848 180. Section XIIB Revision and Complex Knee Arthroplasty - p. 1856.e2 181. 169 Complications of Total Knee Arthroplasty - p. 1858 182. 170 Extensile Exposures for Revision Total Knee Replacement - p. 1884 183. 171 Revision of Aseptic Failed Total Knee Arthroplasty - p. 1897 184. 172 The Infected Total Knee Replacement - p. 1916 185. 173 Instability in Total Knee Arthroplasty - p. 1927 186. 174 Management of Bone Defects in Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty - p. 1936 187. 175 Patellar Revision - p. 1946 188. 176 Patellar Fractures in Total Knee Arthroplasty - p. 1953 189. 177 Extensor Mechanism Disruption After Total Knee Arthroplasty - p. 1959 190. Section XIII Total Knee Arthroplasty Perioperative Management Issues - p. 1966.e2 191. 178 Obesity - p. 1968 192. 179 Pain Catastrophizers - p. 1972 193. 180 Medical Optimization of Patients With Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease and Cardiovascular Risk Factors - p. 1979 194. 181 Decreasing the Risk of Surgical Site Infections Following Total Knee Arthroplasty - p. 1983 195. 182 Effects of Prehabilitation, Falls, and Musculoskeletal Comorbidity on Total Knee Arthroplasty Outcomes - p. 1988 196. 183 Intra-articular and Periarticular Injections - p. 1995 197. 184 Techniques and Eligibility for Same Day/Next Day Discharge of Total Knee Arthroplasty - p. 2001 198. 185 Pain Management After Total Knee Arthroplasty Patients Leave the Hospital - p. 2007 199. Part I Hospital Management of TKA Patients - p. 2012.e1 200. 186 Continuous Passive Motion - p. 2014 201. 187 Cryotherapy After Total Knee Arthroplasty - p. 2018 202. 188 Immediate Motion versus Splinting After Total Knee Arthroplasty - p. 2020 203. 189 Internet-Based versus In-Person Physical Therapy After Total Knee Arthroplasty - p. 2022 204. 190 Venous Thromboembolic Disease - p. 2025 205. 191 ACCP, SCIP, and AAOS Guidelines for Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis After Total Knee Arthroplasty - p. 2030 206. 192 Aspirin and Sequential Pneumatic Compression Devices - p. 2034 207. 193 Venous Thromboembolic Disease Stratification of Risk - p. 2038 208. 194 Bleeding and Infection Risk With Aggressive Anticoagulation - p. 2044 209. Part II Economics, Quality, and Payment Paradigms for Total Knee Arthroplasty - p. 2047.e1 210. 195 Total Joint Arthroplasty—Historical Perspective - p. 2049 211. 196 Payment Paradigms - p. 2053 212. 197 Physician-Hospital Partnerships - p. 2057 213. 198 Value-Based Purchasing - p. 2062 214. 199 Quality Measures and Payment for Total Knee Replacement - p. 2068 215. Section XIV Tumors About the Knee - p. 2077 216. 200 Evaluation of the Patient With a Bone Lesion About the Knee - p. 2079 217. 201 Surgical Treatment of Benign Bone Lesions - p. 2085 218. 202 Surgical Management of Malignant Bone Tumors Around the Knee - p. 2096 219. 203 Allograft Prosthetic Composite Reconstruction of the Knee - p. 2102 220. 204 Megaprostheses for Reconstruction Following Tumor Resection About the Knee - p. 2110 221. 205 Metastatic Disease About the Knee - p. 2116 222. 206 Soft Tissue Tumors of the Knee - p. 2128 223. 207 Common Pitfalls in Tumors About the Knee - p. 2139 224. Index - p. I-1
Insall & Scott Surgery of the Knee by Dr. W. Norman Scott remains the definitive choice for guidance on the most effective approaches for the diagnosis and management of the entire scope of knee disorders. This edition reflects a complete content overhaul, with more than 50 new chapters and over 400 contributors from around the world. The video program includes 70 new video clips, while new and expanded material covers a range of hot topics, including same-day surgery and hospital management of knee arthroplasty patients and anesthesia specific for knee surgery.
1. Introduction - p. 739 2. Posterior Cruciate Ligament Anatomy - p. 739 3. Posterior Cruciate Ligament Fiber Function - p. 742 4. Diagnosis of Posterior Cruciate Ligament Function and Knee Joint Subluxations - p. 745 5. Clinical Evaluation - p. 750 6. Management Considerations - p. 754 7. Operative Techniques: Current Concepts - p. 758 8. Intraoperative Evaluation - p. 761 9. Posterior Cruciate Ligament Graft Harvest Options - p. 762 10. Surgical Procedures - p. 763 11. Alternative Posterior Cruciate Ligament All-Inside Techniques - p. 773 12. Posterior Cruciate Ligament Avulsion Fractures - p. 775 13. Posterior Cruciate Ligament Augmentation Approaches and Techniques - p. 777 14. Postoperative Rehabilitation - p. 777 15. Clinical Studies - p. 777 16. Posterolateral Surgical Technique Options - p. 781 17. Posterolateral Postoperative Rehabilitation - p. 787 18. References - p. 790 19. 60 Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction - p. 791 20. 61 Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction - p. 801 21. 62 Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction - p. 810 22. 63 The Dislocated Knee - p. 819 23. 64 Dislocation of the Proximal Tibiofibular Joint - p. 833 24. Section VI Sports Medicine: Patellar and Extensor Mechanism Disorders - p. 841.e2 25. 65 Disorders of the Patellofemoral Joint - p. 843 26. Basic Anatomy and Biomechanics - p. 843 27. Imaging - p. 848 28. Patellofemoral Instability and Osteoarthritis - p. 875 29. Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome/Anterior Knee Pain - p. 875 30. Patellofemoral Osteoarthritis - p. 879 31. References - p. 884 32. 66 Distal Realignment of the Patellofemoral Joint - p. 885 33. 67 Surgery of the Patellofemoral Joint - p. 902 34. 68 Repair and Reconstruction of the Medial Patellofemoral Ligament for Treatment of Lateral Patellar Dislocations - p. 939 35. 69 Sulcus-Deepening Trochleoplasty - p. 954 36. 70 Quadriceps and Patellar Tendon Disruption* - p. 967 37. Section VII Knee Arthritis - p. 984.e4 38. 71 Gout and Other Crystalline Arthropathies - p. 986 39. 72 Knee Osteoarthritis - p. 992 40. 73 Overview of Psoriatic Arthritis - p. 998 41. 74 Systemic Allergic Dermatitis in Total Knee Arthroplasty - p. 1003 42. 75 Rheumatoid Arthritis of the Knee - p. 1010 43. 76 Hemophilia and Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis Hemophilia and the Knee - p. 1015 44. 76B Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Its Relationship to Knee Disorders - p. 1020 45. Section VIII Anesthesia for Knee Surgery - p. 1029.e4 46. Part I Preoperative Evaluation - p. 1029.e4 47. 77 Basics, Preoperative Assessment, and Medical Optimization - p. 1032 48. 78 Patients With Stents - p. 1037 49. 79 Diabetes Mellitus and the Knee - p. 1040 50. 80 Rheumatoid Arthritis - p. 1046 51. 81 Bilateral Total Knee Replacement - p. 1051 52. Part II Perioperative Management of Inpatient Procedures - p. 1054.e2 53. 82 Monitoring During Total Knee Arthroplasty - p. 1056 54. 83 Spinal or General Anesthesia? - p. 1058 55. 84 Revision Total Knee Arthroplasties - p. 1062 56. 85 The Pneumatic Tourniquet - p. 1063 57. 86 Cement Embolism - p. 1069 58. 87 Tranexamic Acid - p. 1071 59. 88 Blood Loss and Fluid Management - p. 1078 60. 89 Anesthesia for Knee Surgery - p. 1081 61. 90 Specific Considerations for Fractures and Dislocations - p. 1083 62. Part III Preoperative Analgesia: Nerve Blocks - p. 1084.e1 63. 91 Femoral Nerve Block - p. 1086 64. 92 Adductor Canal Block - p. 1091 65. 93 Fascia Iliaca Compartment Block - p. 1094 66. 94 Psoas Compartment Block - p. 1097 67. 95 Sciatic Nerve Block - p. 1101 68. 96 Obturator Nerve Block - p. 1106 69. 97 Continuous Perineural Analgesia for Knee Surgery - p. 1109 70. 98 Local Anesthetic Infiltration - p. 1117 71. 99 Epidural Analgesia - p. 1123 72. 100 Neuraxial Opioids - p. 1125 73. 101 Systemic Opioids and Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting - p. 1127 74. 102 Multimodal Pharmacologic Analgesia - p. 1130 75. 103 Chronic Pain After Total Knee Arthroplasty - p. 1134 76. Part IV Ambulatory Procedures - p. 1138.e1 77. 104 Knee Arthroscopy - p. 1140 78. Part V Thromboprophylaxis - p. 1145.e1 79. 105 Thromboprophylaxis and Neuraxial Anesthesia - p. 1147 80. Section IX Plastic Surgery - p. 1148.e1 81. 106 Soft Tissue Healing - p. 1150 82. 107 The Problem Wound - p. 1162 83. Section X Fractures About the Knee - p. 1166.e2 84. 108 Distal Femur Fractures - p. 1168 85. 109 Tibial Plateau Fractures - p. 1180 86. 110 Fractures of the Patella - p. 1195 87. 111 Treatment of Periprosthetic Fractures Around a Total Knee Arthroplasty - p. 1208 88. Section XI Pediatric Knee - p. 1215.e1 89. 112 Normal Knee Embryology and Development - p. 1217 90. 113 Congenital Deformities of the Knee - p. 1223 91. 114 Meniscal Disorders - p. 1247 92. 115 Osteochondritis Dissecans - p. 1255 93. 116 Reconstruction of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament in Pediatric Patients - p. 1261 94. 117 Tibial Spine Fractures - p. 1273 95. 118 Physeal Fractures About the Knee - p. 1281 96. 119 Patellar Instability - p. 1289 97. Section XIIA Joint Replacement and Its Alternatives - p. 1305.e4 98. 120 Nonoperative Treatment of Knee Arthritis - p. 1307 99. 121 Osteotomies About the Knee - p. 1323 100. 122 Osteotomy for the Arthritic Knee - p. 1343 101. 123 Scoring Systems and Their Validation for the Arthritic Knee - p. 1362 102. 124 Historic Development, Classification, and Characteristics of Knee Prostheses - p. 1375 103. 125 Unicompartmental, Bicompartmental, or Tricompartmental Arthritis of the Knee - p. 1405 104. 126 Patellofemoral Arthroplasty - p. 1409 105. 127 Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty - p. 1420 106. 128 Unicomparmental Knee Replacement With ACL Reconstruction - p. 1430 107. 129 Fixed-Bearing Medial Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty - p. 1435 108. 130 Medial Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty Mobile Bearing - p. 1446 109. 131 Bicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty - p. 1471 110. 132 Bicondylar Knee Replacement - p. 1476 111. 133 Bicruciate Total Knee Arthroplasty - p. 1487 112. 134 Bicruciate Total Knee Arthroplasty - p. 1493 113. 135 European Analysis and Results of Partial Knee Replacement - p. 1498 114. 136 Posterior Cruciate Ligament Retention in Total Knee Arthroplasty - p. 1502 115. 137 Preserving the Posterior Cruciate Ligament - p. 1509 116. 138 Custom-Made Knee Replacements - p. 1519 117. 139 Posterior Cruciate Sacrificing Total Knee Arthroplasty - p. 1526 118. 140 Posterior Cruciate Ligament—Substituting Total Knee Arthroplasty - p. 1529 119. 141 Posterior Cruciate Ligament Substituting Total Knee Arthroplasty - p. 1545 120. 142 Mobile-Bearing Total Knee Arthroplasty - p. 1566 121. 143 Cemented Total Knee Arthroplasty - p. 1572 122. 144 Cementless Total Knee Arthroplasty - p. 1576 123. 145 Patellar Resurfacing in Total Knee Arthroplasty - p. 1585 124. Introduction - p. 1585 125. History of Patellar Resurfacing - p. 1585 126. Basic Science - p. 1588 127. Surgical Technique - p. 1602 128. Pros and Cons of Patella Resurfacing - p. 1611 129. Patella-Related Complications in Total Knee Arthroplasty - p. 1613 130. Anterior Knee Pain and Causes Thereof - p. 1617 131. Predictors of Anterior Knee Pain - p. 1620 132. Secondary Resurfacing - p. 1621 133. Patellar Scoring Systems - p. 1622 134. Prospective and Randomized Controlled Trials - p. 1623 135. Regional and National Arthroplasty Registries - p. 1625 136. Conclusion - p. 1627 137. Acknowledgments - p. 1628 138. References - p. 1628 139. 146 Patella Resurfacing—Never - p. 1630 140. 147 Patella Resurfacing—Always - p. 1637 141. 148 Alignment in Total Knee Arthroplasty - p. 1647 142. 149 Surgical Approaches in Total Knee Arthroplasty - p. 1652 143. 150 Surgical Techniques and Instrumentation in Total Knee Arthroplasty - p. 1665 144. Relevant Knee Anatomy and Alignment - p. 1665 145. Objectives of Prosthetic Replacement - p. 1666 146. Theories of Surgical Technique - p. 1667 147. Preoperative Planning - p. 1677 148. Exposure - p. 1679 149. Techniques and Instrumentation - p. 1683 150. Fitting of Trial Components - p. 1691 151. Cemented Versus Uncemented Fixation - p. 1696 152. Management of Instability or Deformity - p. 1698 153. Management of Varus Deformity - p. 1700 154. Asymmetrical Valgus Instability - p. 1702 155. Flexion Contracture - p. 1709 156. Extension Contracture (“Stiff Knee”) - p. 1710 157. Correction of Genu Recurvatum - p. 1711 158. Management of Bone Defects - p. 1711 159. Intraoperative Problems and Their Solutions (Insall) - p. 1717 160. Aftercare of Total Knee Arthroplasty - p. 1719 161. References - p. 1719 162. 151 Gap-Balancing Techniques in Total Knee Arthroplasty - p. 1721 163. 152 Modern Measured Resection Technique - p. 1727 164. 153 Is the Understanding of Gap Balancing and Measured Resection Techniques Necessary to Understand Image-Guided Surgical Techniques for Knee Arthroplasty? - p. 1736 165. 154 Mid-Flexion Instability After Total Knee Arthroplasty - p. 1740 166. 155 Correction of Fixed Deformities With Total Knee Arthroplasty - p. 1750 167. 156 Correction of Deformities With Total Knee Arthroplasty - p. 1761 168. 157 Pressure Sensors and Soft Tissue Balancing - p. 1766 169. 158 The Clinical Effectiveness of Custom-Made Guides for Total Knee Arthroplasty - p. 1770 170. 159 Computer Navigation in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty - p. 1775 171. 160 Kinematically Aligned Total Knee Arthroplasty - p. 1784 172. 161 Computer-Assisted Navigation - p. 1797 173. 162 Robotics in Total Knee Arthroplasty - p. 1806 174. 163 Robotic Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty - p. 1813 175. 164 Management of Extra-Articular Deformity in Total Knee Arthroplasty With Navigation - p. 1818 176. 165 Computer-Assisted Total Knee Arthroplasty for Extramedullary Deformity - p. 1827 177. 166 Impact of the Cavus Foot and Ankle on the Painful Knee - p. 1837 178. 167 Flat Foot and Its Effect on the Knee - p. 1844 179. 168 The Impact of the Foot and Ankle on Total Knee Replacement - p. 1848 180. Section XIIB Revision and Complex Knee Arthroplasty - p. 1856.e2 181. 169 Complications of Total Knee Arthroplasty - p. 1858 182. 170 Extensile Exposures for Revision Total Knee Replacement - p. 1884 183. 171 Revision of Aseptic Failed Total Knee Arthroplasty - p. 1897 184. 172 The Infected Total Knee Replacement - p. 1916 185. 173 Instability in Total Knee Arthroplasty - p. 1927 186. 174 Management of Bone Defects in Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty - p. 1936 187. 175 Patellar Revision - p. 1946 188. 176 Patellar Fractures in Total Knee Arthroplasty - p. 1953 189. 177 Extensor Mechanism Disruption After Total Knee Arthroplasty - p. 1959 190. Section XIII Total Knee Arthroplasty Perioperative Management Issues - p. 1966.e2 191. 178 Obesity - p. 1968 192. 179 Pain Catastrophizers - p. 1972 193. 180 Medical Optimization of Patients With Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease and Cardiovascular Risk Factors - p. 1979 194. 181 Decreasing the Risk of Surgical Site Infections Following Total Knee Arthroplasty - p. 1983 195. 182 Effects of Prehabilitation, Falls, and Musculoskeletal Comorbidity on Total Knee Arthroplasty Outcomes - p. 1988 196. 183 Intra-articular and Periarticular Injections - p. 1995 197. 184 Techniques and Eligibility for Same Day/Next Day Discharge of Total Knee Arthroplasty - p. 2001 198. 185 Pain Management After Total Knee Arthroplasty Patients Leave the Hospital - p. 2007 199. Part I Hospital Management of TKA Patients - p. 2012.e1 200. 186 Continuous Passive Motion - p. 2014 201. 187 Cryotherapy After Total Knee Arthroplasty - p. 2018 202. 188 Immediate Motion versus Splinting After Total Knee Arthroplasty - p. 2020 203. 189 Internet-Based versus In-Person Physical Therapy After Total Knee Arthroplasty - p. 2022 204. 190 Venous Thromboembolic Disease - p. 2025 205. 191 ACCP, SCIP, and AAOS Guidelines for Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis After Total Knee Arthroplasty - p. 2030 206. 192 Aspirin and Sequential Pneumatic Compression Devices - p. 2034 207. 193 Venous Thromboembolic Disease Stratification of Risk - p. 2038 208. 194 Bleeding and Infection Risk With Aggressive Anticoagulation - p. 2044 209. Part II Economics, Quality, and Payment Paradigms for Total Knee Arthroplasty - p. 2047.e1 210. 195 Total Joint Arthroplasty—Historical Perspective - p. 2049 211. 196 Payment Paradigms - p. 2053 212. 197 Physician-Hospital Partnerships - p. 2057 213. 198 Value-Based Purchasing - p. 2062 214. 199 Quality Measures and Payment for Total Knee Replacement - p. 2068 215. Section XIV Tumors About the Knee - p. 2077 216. 200 Evaluation of the Patient With a Bone Lesion About the Knee - p. 2079 217. 201 Surgical Treatment of Benign Bone Lesions - p. 2085 218. 202 Surgical Management of Malignant Bone Tumors Around the Knee - p. 2096 219. 203 Allograft Prosthetic Composite Reconstruction of the Knee - p. 2102 220. 204 Megaprostheses for Reconstruction Following Tumor Resection About the Knee - p. 2110 221. 205 Metastatic Disease About the Knee - p. 2116 222. 206 Soft Tissue Tumors of the Knee - p. 2128 223. 207 Common Pitfalls in Tumors About the Knee - p. 2139 224. Index - p. I-1
